Unit 7 Know Our World.语法写作课件

课件35张PPT。语法点集中攻坚单元要点大本营单元一法练写作Unit 7 Know Our World(一)现在完成时态语法讲堂考点 1现在完成时的构成句式
变化肯定句否定句一般疑
问句主语+have/has+过去分词+其它.主语+haven’t/hasn’t+过去分词+其他.Have/has+主语+过去分词+其他?肯定回答：Yes, 主语+have/has.
否定回答：No, 主语+haven’t/hasn’t。肯定句：We have just seen the film.
我们刚看过这部电影。
否定句：He hasn’t read this book yet.
他还没读过这本书。
一般疑问句：Have you been to Beijing?
你去过北京吗？
肯定回答：Yes, I have.是的，我去过。
否定回答：No, I haven’t.不，我没去过。现在完成时态的用法现在完成时态表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，常与already，never，ever，yet，just，before，so far等连用。
eg：I have never met such a strange person before.
我以前从没遇见过这么奇怪的人。
I have just received a letter from my brother.
我刚刚收到我哥哥的来信。考点 2【重点】考向一典例Over fifty countries ________ the AIIB(亚投行) so far. (宜宾)
A．joined　　　 　B．was joining
C．had joined D．have joined
【点拨】采用题眼法。句意：至今为止，五十多个国家已经加入亚投行。so far常用于现在完成时。D 现在完成时态还可以表示从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。例如“for＋一段时间”，“since＋过去的某个时间点”，“since＋时间段＋ago”，“since＋从句”等。此时句子中要用延续性动词。考向二【重点、难点】常用的非延续性动词可以转化为延续性动词的有：
begin → be on　　 　go/leave →be away (from)
borrow → keep come/ arrive → be in
join → be a member (of) 　　　 die → be dead
buy → have　记忆非延续性动词口诀：
begin leave go borrow come return bear join die buy arrive开始离去，借来还，出生入死，买到家。eg：I’ve known Li Ming for 5 years.
我认识李明已有五年了。
They have lived here since 2001.
自从2001年他们就住在这里。 特色土方法典例—The boy misses his parents very much.
—So he does. They ________ the hometown for
nearly two years. (福州)
A．have left　　　　
B．will leave
C．have been away from
【点拨】采用题眼法。句意：——这个男孩十分想念他的父母。——确实如此。他们离开家乡将近两年了。从for nearly two years可知用现在完成时，排除B；另外，leave是短暂性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。C考向三【重点】 have/has been to，have/has gone to与have/has been in的用法典例—Hobo and Eddie ________ the cinema to watch
the film Zootopia.
—Oh, that’s why I can’t find them now. (苏州)
A．have gone to　 　B．have been to
C．has gone to D．has been to
【点拨】句意：——Hobo和Eddie去电影院看电影《疯狂动物城》了。——这就是我现在找不到他们的原因。have gone to表示到某地去了(未回来)；have been to表示曾经到过某地；另外主语是两个人，所以排除C和D。A现在完成时用法口诀
过去发生的动作，对现在的影响和结果，
just、already常用着。
过去的动作或状态，一直持续到现在，
for、since把时间带。
have been to＋地名，“曾经到过某处”。
have gone to＋地点，“到某地去了已走远”。
have been in＋地方，“在某处呆了有多长(时间)”。魔法记忆(二)被动语态
语态是动词的一种形式，用来表示主语和谓语之间的关系。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。考点 1被动语态的构成a. President Xi Jinping is respected by Chinese people.
习近平主席被中国人民尊敬。
b．The truck was made in 1958.
这辆卡车制造于1958年。
c．The 31st Olympics will be held in 2016.
第31届奥运会将在2016年举行。
d．My car is being repaired now.
现在我的车正在被修理。
e．The quality of our products has been greatly improved.
我们产品的质量已大大提高。
f．The room must be kept clean.
房间必须保持干净。被动语态的用法当动作的执行者不明确或不必说出时，用被动语态。
eg：The class meeting will be held tomorrow.
明天要开班会。考点 2【重点、难点】考向一考向二当动作的承受者是谈话的中心时，用被动语态。
eg：He was knocked down by a bus.
他被公共汽车撞倒了。有些动词习惯上常用被动语态。
eg：He was born in Shanghai.
他出生在上海。考向三考向四当动作的执行者不是人时也常用被动语态。
eg：We were stopped by the storm.
我们因暴风雨滞留了。当表达“据说，据报道，被认为”时，要用被动语态。
eg：It is said that he was a doctor several years
ago.据说他几年前是个医生。考向五典例Two ________ students ________ to the opening ceremony last Friday. (滨州)
A．hundreds; were invited　
B．hundred; were invited
C．hundreds of; invited
D．hundred of; invited【点拨】句意：上周五，两百个学生被邀请参加开幕式。two ＋ hundred ＋名词复数，two hundred students意为“两百名学生”。根据句意可知采用被动语态，主语为名词复数，所以用were invited。B即学即练一、用所给词的适当形式填空1．Has she ________ (be) to the U．S. twice?
2．I don’t think the singer ________________(invite) to sing in
our city next week.
3．My grandfather ________________ (die) for about ten years.
4．My aunt is a writer. She ________________(write) more than
ten books since 2000.
5．They can’t go with us now. They _________________ (not finish)
the work yet.beenwill be invitedhas been deadhas writtenhaven’t finished 6．It’s time to start. ________ you ___________(download)
the latest map yet?
7．Mobile phones ____________(use) widely in our
daily life.
8．I’m glad to find that many trees_______________(plant)
in our city last year.
9．(中考?荆门)It’s ________ (believe) that tea was brought
to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries.
10．(中考?滨州)Please say “I'm here.” when your name
__________(call)．Have　are usedwere plantedbelievedis calleddownloaded　二、单项选择
11．(中考?北京) It’s nice to see you again. We ________ each
other since 2014.
A．won’t see B．don’t see
C．haven’t seen D．didn’t see【点拨】用语法判定法。由标志词since 2014可知用现在完成
时。故选 C。C
12．(中考?郴州)Yang Jiang，a famous female writer,
________for about a month so far.
A．died B．has been dead
C．has been died【点拨】用语法判定法。句意：杨绛，一个著名的女作家，
到目前为止她已去世大约一个月了。由时间状语for about a
month so far可知，句子用现在完成时，排除选项A；die是
一个短暂性动词，在完成时态中不能与for＋一段时间连用，
排除选项C。故选B。BC
13．Julie’s father ________ to London last month. He
________ there three times.
A．went；had gone
B．has gone；has been
C．went；has been
D．has been；had gone【点拨】考查时态以及have been to和have gone to的区别。
由last month可知第一空要用go的过去式went，先排除B和D
两项；再结合three times可知，他已经去过那里三次了，故
第二空要用has been。14．A lot of trees ________ around here every year and
we can enjoy fresher air now.
A．plant B．is planted
C．were planted D．are planted 【点拨】句意：每年这周围都种很多树，现在我们可以享受
到更新鲜的空气了。由句意可知用一般现在时的被动语态，
故选D。DB15．—________you ever ________the new Minyuan Stadium?
— No，I haven’t.
A．Do；visit B．Have；visited
C．Did；visit D．Are；visiting【点拨】考查时态。结合答句可知用现在完成时态，故选B。D16．(中考?北京)A new hospital ________in my town next year.
A．builds B．built
C．is built D．will be built【点拨】句意：明年我的镇上要建造一所新的医院。由句
中时间状语next year可知，应用一般将来时，且hospital 与
build之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，要用被动语态。故选D。17．(中考?天津)The novel ________ by many people today.
A．is read B．are read
C．reads D．were read【点拨】运用语法判定法和排除法解题。主语是The novel，
所以谓语要用单数形式并且用被动语态，题干中时间状语为
today，所以时态应用一般现在时。故选A。A18．(中考?随州)—Look at the picture. What will happen in 2048?
—Many houses ________ under the sea.
A．will build B．built
C．will be built D．are building【点拨】句意：——看这张图片，2048年将会发生什么？
——海底将会建造很多房子。houses和build之间是被动关
系，且为一般将来时，故选C。 C19．I ________my hometown for a long time. I really miss it.
A．left B．went away from
C．have left D．have been away from 【点拨】句意：我离开我的家乡很长一段时间了。我真的
想念它。根据句意可知，用现在完成时，由“for a long
time”可知句中的谓语动词用延续性动词。故选D。D20．—Claudia，are you going to Jeff's birthday party
on Saturday?
—Unless I ________．
A．will be invited B．am invited
C．was inviting D．invited【点拨】unless引导条件状语从句时，从句用一般现在时表
示将来。句意：——克劳迪娅，周六你要去参加杰夫的生日
派对吗？——除非我被邀请(我才去)。故选B。B返回单元要点大本营用所给单词或短语的适当形式填空planet　island　increase　Indian　population
in total　two thirds　be covered with
the Great Lakes　square kilometre The earth is a very special________1，and it faces a big problem. In the year 2010，the world’s ____________2 was over 7 billion ____________3.It is _______________4 very quickly.
There are seven continents on the earth. Antarctica
_____________5 snow and ice all year around. Luckily，people can live on the other six continents. North America is a largeis covered withplanetpopulationin totalincreasingcontinent， but it has only three major countries. These three countries cover about 24 million ________________6.
________________7 are the largest bodies of fresh water in the world. The Rocky Mountains are the biggest mountains in North America.
Oceans cover about __________8 of the earth’s surface. The earth has only one big ocean, but we use these names for its different parts：the Pacific Ocean，the________9 Ocean，the Atlantic Ocean and the Arctic Ocean. The Pacific Ocean is the largest one. There are many ________10 in it.square kilometresThe Great Lakestwo thirdsIndianislandsplanet　island　increase　Indian　population
in total　two thirds　be covered with
the Great Lakes　square kilometre返回单元一法练写作三步三要素法说位置◆ 步骤一：确定时态(常
用一般现在时)
◆ 步骤二：确定人称(以
第三人称为主)
◆ 步骤三：阐述要点
◆ 三要素：1.明确写作对象； 2.具体介绍(包括位置、面积、人口，名胜古迹，发展状况等); 3.表达美好愿望。 假如你是李华，请给国外的笔友Jenny发一封e-mail，根据以下提示向她介绍一下河北省的情况。
Dear Jenny，
I live in Hebei Province. It’s in the north of① China. It covers about 190，000 square kilometres①. About 70 million people live in Hebei. Its provincial capital is Shijiazhuang. Chengde is a good place to go. Qinhuangdao has beautiful scenery. Now it is developing quickly①. It has changed a lot① in the last few years. I hope you can come to my hometown—Hebei.② You’ll have a good time if you come here.②
Yours，
Li Hua范文:
◆本文运用了三步三要素法说位置的写作方法：
步骤一：确定时态(常用一般现在时)
步骤二：确定人称(以第三人称为主)
步骤三：阐述要点
三要素：1.明确写作对象(第1句)；
2．具体介绍(第2～9句); 3.表达美好愿望(第10～11句)。
◆本文添彩点：
恰当使用所学的短语①in the north of，cover...square kilometres来说明地理位置和面积；developing quickly，has changed a lot来说明发展状况。②I hope you can... You’ll have a good time if...这两个分别含有宾语从句和if引导的条件状语从句的复合句表达了作者的希望和祝愿。名师点评：返回