Module 4 Rules and suggestions.模块知识点学案及练习

Module 4 Rules and suggestions模块知识点学案及练习
一、语言知识点
????1．词汇：
????rule, suggestion, keep to, rope, stream, clear, starving, lead the way, fall asleep, peaceful, site, gesture, stick, reach out, still, woods, hillside, sudden, blood, damage, cause, effort, fifth, order, in order to, director
????2．语法：情态动词
二、课文知识点讲解
????1．You must keep to the path.
????你们必须要沿着小路走。
????keep to的意思是“沿着……走；使不离开；留在某个位置”。例如：
????Let’s keep to the point or we’ll never reach any decisions.
????我们还是围绕主题吧，不然我们永远也做不了决定。
????Please keep to the left hand side of the stairs.
????请靠楼梯左手边通行。
????2．I’m starving!
????我都快饿死了！
????在非正式英语中，当人们想表达“非常饿”这个概念的时候，常说“I’m starving!”。例如：
????What’s for lunch? I’m starving!
????午饭吃什么？我快饿死了！
????3．Come on! I’ll lead the way.
????好了！我来带路。
????这里lead表示“带（路），领（路）”。例如：
????I don’t know the way, so you’d better lead.
????我不认路，最好你带路。
????You lead on and we’ll follow behind on the horses.2·1·c·n·j·y
????你领路，我们骑马跟着。
????Come on在不同的情境有不同的意思，请同学们看下面的句子，并试着说出其汉语意思：
????Come on—we’re going to be late if you don’t hurry1 （快点）
????Your piano playing has really come on since I last heard you play. （有进步）
????—It’ll take at least two hours to do this!
????—Oh, come on! I could do it in 20 minutes. （得啦！算了吧！）
????4．On our first evening, the three of us were tired after walking for about eight hours.
????第一天晚上，走了八小时之后，我们三个人都很累。
????在本句中，the用在数词前，表示特指。the thereof us指的是“我们三个人”（一共就三个人）。而three of us则说的是“我们中的三个”（不止三个人）。再如：
????They have eight people in the team. The eight of them all know only good teamwork will enable them to get the job done on time.
????这个小组有八个人。这八个人都知道，只有精诚合作，他们才能按时完成任务。
????There are 10 people in office and eight of them are women.
????办公室里有10个人，其中八个是女士。
????5．…if I reach out, I can just touch him.
????我要是伸出手的话，就能摸着它。
????这里reach out表示“伸出（手或臂）”。例如：
????The monkey reached out a hand for the banana.
????猴子伸出手去够香蕉。
????He reached his hand out for the phone and knocked over a glass. 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
????他伸手去够电话，打翻了一个杯子。
????6．For the next 10 days, every time there was a sudden noise, my blood went cold.
????接下来的10天里，每次突然听到响声后，我都会感到非常惊恐。
????这里go表示“处于（某种状态，尤指令人生厌的状态）”，其后可以接形容词，如本句中的cold。例如：
????When the crops fail, the people go hungry.
????谷物歉收时，人们会挨饿。
????I always go red when I’m embarrassed.
????在我难为情的时候，总会脸红。
????We’d better eat these apples before they go bad.
????我们最好趁这些苹果还没坏，把它们吃掉。
????every time在句中引导一个状语从句，表示“每次……，每当……”。例如：
????Every time I go and see him, he’s always working in the room.
????每次我去看他，他总是在房间学习。
三、语法：
情态动词
????1．must的用法：
????（1）表示“必须”、“应当”。用第一人称时，表示说话人认为有义务，有必要做某事。用第二、三人称时，表示说话人的命令或要求别人做某事；在疑问句中时，表示询问对方的意图。如：
????We must love our country. 我们要爱国。
????I must take a day off tomorrow. 我明天必须请一天假。
????（2）must的否定式（mustn’t）表示“不应该”、“不许可”、“不准”、“禁止”等。语气比较强烈。如：
????You mustn’t speak loudly in the library. 不许在图书馆大声喧哗。
????We mustn’t waste our time. 我们不应该浪费我们的时间。
????注意：对must问句的否定回答，需要用：need not（needn’t）不必。
????—Must I do my homework now? 我现在必须做作业吗？
????—Yes, you must. 是的，你非做不可。
????—No, you needn’t（need not）. 不，你可不必现在做。
????（3）表示肯定的揣测（只用于肯定句）：一定、准是、必定
????The lady must be a doctor. 那个女人一定是个医生。
????He hasn’t come yet. He must be ill. 他还没来，准是病了。21世纪教育网版权所有
????注意：
????①表示现在对已发生过的事情的推测，一般用“must+have+过去分词”结构，意为“想必是”“（过去）一定”。如：
????If you were at the party , you must have seen Mary.
????你如果参加了这次聚会，准保看见玛丽。
????②表示对现在某个动作或即将发生的事情的推测，可以用“must+be+-ing”结构，意为“一定”“准是”。如：
????Let’s hurry. They must be waiting for us.
????快！他们现在一定在等我们。
????You look happy. You must be having a good time. 21·世纪*教育网
????你看起来很快乐的样子，一定是玩得很开心。
????You must be joking! 你一定是在开玩笑。
????They must be playing football. 他们准是在踢足球。
????2．have to的用法：
????（1）表示“不得不”“必须”的意思，与must在这个意思上很接近。must强调说话者的主观看法，have to强调客观的需要。must仅用于表示现在和将来的义务，讲述过去要用had to。如：
????I missed the train, so I had to take a taxi. 我误了火车，所以我得乘出租车。21教育网
????I had to leave early because I wasn’t feeling well.
????我不得不早点儿离开，因为我觉得不舒服。
????（2）have to也可用来表示“推测”，意思是“定是”、“必定是”。如：
????She has to be（=must be）sick. She looks pale.
????她一定是生病了，脸色看来很苍白。
????注意：在口语中，可用have got to代替have to。如：
????Sorry, I have got to go（=have to go）now.
????抱歉，我现在非走不可了。
????3．need的用法：
????（1）need表示“需要”、“必须”。作为情态动词主要用于否定句和疑问句，无时态，人称变化，后面跟动词原形。其否定式为：need not（needn’t）。如：
????You needn’t try to explain. 你不需要解释。
????Need we stay here this evening? 今晚我们需要在这儿住下来吗？
????注意：“needn’t+have+过去分词”结构，用来谈论过去发生的事情。表示“做了没有必要做的事情。”如：
????The question needn’t have been discussed. 此问题本来不需讨论的。
????We needn’t have bought the presents. 我们本来不需要买礼物的。
????（2）need用作及物动词，其否定形式要借助于don’t，doesn’t或didn’t；疑问形式要借助于do，does或did。如：
????Do you need any help? 你需要帮助吗？
????I don’t need things like that. 我不需要那样的东西。
????She needs help , doesn’t she? 她需要帮忙，对吗？
????4．dare的用法：
????dare作为情态动词，主要用于否定句和疑问句，表示“敢于”本身无变化（各人称都用dare），后面跟不带to的动词不定式，过去时用dared，其否定式为dare not / daren’t ，dared not。如：
????How dare they do such a thing? 他们怎么敢做出这样的事？
????I scarcely dare think of it. 这事我简直连想都不敢想。
????Not one of them dared mention this. 他们谁也不敢提这事。
????Dare he say so? 他敢这样说吗？
????She knows he was wrong but she daren’t tell him. 她知道他错了，却不敢告诉他。
????注意：dare用作及物动词的时候更多一些。这时dare后可以跟动词不定式，用于各种结构中。
????Do I dare to ask her? 我敢问她吗？
????He didn’t dare to go. 他不敢去。
????She did not dare to tell them the truth. 她不敢对他们说真话。
????5．ought to的用法：
????表示“应该”做某事，常可与should互换。
????You ought to be punctual. 你应该守时。
????Students ought not to be late for class. 学生上课不应该迟到。
????Ought we to answer this question now? 我们应当现在就回答这个问题吗？
????注意：“ought to+have+过去分词”结构，表示对过去该做而未做之事的责难、后悔或遗憾的心情。如：
????You ought to have helped her. 你本该帮她的。（却没帮她）
????He ought to have returned these books to the library last week.
????他上星期就应该把这些书还给图书馆。（却没还书）
????6．shall的用法：
????（1）shall作为情态动词，用于陈述句的第二、三人称，表示说话人的强烈意愿和决心，有“允诺”、“警告”、“命令”等含义，意思是“必须”。如：
????You shall come whenever you are wanted. 什么时候叫你就要什么时候到。（强制）
????You shall have your book back soon. 你会很快得回你的书的。（允诺）
????You shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. 我告诉你，总有一天你会后悔的。（警告）
????（2）shall作为情态动词，在疑问句中可用于第一、三人称，表示征询对方意见或请求，意思是“要不要”、“好不好”。如：
????Shall he come to see you? 要不要他来看你？
????Shall I turn on the light? 要我开灯吗？
????7．should的用法：
????（1）表示“义务或责任”意思是“应该”。如：
????I should speak and write English every day. 我应该每天用英语说话写东西。
????（2）表示推测，预期。如：
????They should be here by now. 他们现在应该到了。
????Tom should know her address. 估计汤姆知道她的住址。
????（3）should后面跟“have+过去分词”结构，其肯定句，表示过去应该做而未做的事，其否定句则表示过去不该做但做了的事情。如：
????He looks very tired . He should have had a good rest at home.
????他看上去很累了，本应该呆在家里好好休息。
????As an adult, he shouldn’t have misunderstood it. 21教育名师原创作品
????作为成人，他本来就不应该误解这件事。
????8．will的用法：
????（1）表示“意志”、“意愿”，可用于多种人称。
????He’ll help you if you ask him. 如果你请他帮忙，他是愿意帮忙的。
????Will you be here at seven this Saturday? 你星期六7时到这里来好吗？
????（2）will还可用来表示一种习惯性动作或状态，有“总是”、“惯于”等意思。
????Fish will die out of water. 鱼儿离开水会死去。
????He will talk for hours if you give him the chance.
????如果你给他机会，他会滔滔不绝地谈上几个钟头。
????9．would的用法：
????（1）would作为情态动词，will的过去式，表示过去时间的“意志”、“愿望”或“决心”等，可用于各人称。如：
????I said I would do anything for him. 我说过，我愿意为他做任何事。
????He said he would get up earlier the next morning. 他说第二天早上要早点起床。
????（2）would可用来表示人的意愿，个人想法；或在疑问句中用于第二人称，表示有礼貌、较婉转的请求。如：
????Would you like to have a glass of tea? 你要喝一杯茶吗？
????Would you mind closing the door? 请关上门好吗？
????I would like to buy a silk scarf for my wife. 我想给妻子买一条丝巾。21·cn·jy·com
????（3）would与动词连用，可表示过去反复发生的动作，相当于汉语中的“常常”、“总是”等意思。如：
????The old retired worker would often go to the park to play chess. 21*cnjy*com
????这位退休老工人常常到公园去下棋。
????When I was a student , I would take a walk along the country road after class.
????当学生时，放学后我常常沿着乡间小路散步。
四、练习
Ⅰ、选择填空
????1. That city has ______ population.
????A. a little??????B. a few?????? C. a small??? ???D. much
　　2. _____ is the population of Japan, do you know?
????A. How many ?????B. How much??? ????C. Which?? ????D. What
　　3. What ______ in one hundred years?
　　A. happened??? ?B. will be happened?? ??C. will happen??? D. happen
　　4. Fish can't live ______ water.
　　A. with???? ??B. at???? ????C. without???? ???D. on
　　5. I’m not ______ at English as he is.
　　A. as good??? ???B. as well?? ??????C. good as??? ???D. better
　　6. You can borrow ______ book here if you will return it on time.
　　A. other????? ???B. some???? ???????C. any???? ??????D. several
　　7. ______ the beginning _____ the new term students usually work very hard
　　A. In/of?????? ?B. In/in???? ??????C. At/in???? ?????D. At/of
　　8. They are becoming ___________.
　　A. beautifuler and beautifuler?? ?????B. more beautiful and more beautiful
　　C. beautiful and beautiful?????? ?????D. more and more beautiful
　　9. China and India are ______ countries.
　　A. develop?? ???? B. developed? ???????C. developing?? ??????D. to develop
　　10. China has the ___________ population in the world.
????A. smallest??? ???B. largest??? ???????C. most???? ??????????D. more
　　11. Is there ______room for me to stand in?
　　A. a????? ???????B. an???? ??????C. the????? ???????D./
　　12. My parents couldn’t decide whether they ______ send me to a private school next year.
　　A. will???? ?????B. would???? ???C. were???? ???????D. has to
　　13. Would you like to read the text as ______ as you can?
　　A. quickly?? ???B. quick??? ?????C. faster?? ???????D. quicker
　　14. They were made to work hour ______ hour.
　　A. by???? ??????B. to???? ???????C. in????? ???????D. after21cnjy.com
　　15. The population problem ______the greatest one of the world today.
　　A. may??? ?????B. maybe??? ?????C. may be???? ?????D. be
　　16. —What are you going to do ______?
????—I've no idea.
　　A. last???? ??B. next???? ?????C. following??? ????D. before
　　17. Can you find out the answer ______this question?
　　A. in????? ???B. to???? ??????? C. on????? ????????D. at
　　18. During the last three years my hometown ______ very quickly.
　　A .have changed??? ??B. has changed??? C. changed???? ??D. changes
　　19. I don't know if he ______. If he ______, I’ll let you know.
　　A. comes, comes?????? ??????????B. will come, will come
　　C. will come, comes??? ?????????D. comes, will come
　　20. How do you say 6,281,000,000 in English?
　　A. Six million, two hundred and eighty-one million.
　　B. Six million and two hundred and eight-one thousand.
　　C. Six billion, two hundred and eight-one million.
　　D. Six billion, two hundred and eight-one millions.
　　21. Many scientists thought that there ______ enough space for men to live in.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
　　A. wouldn't be????????? ????????????B. wouldn't have
　　C. weren't going to be??? ??????????D. wasn't going to have
　　22.The paper of this book is not _______.
　　A. enough good?????B. well enough??? C. good enough???? D. enough well
　　23.The bridge is about ______ long.
　　A. five hundred meter?????? ????????B. five hundred meters???
　　C. five hundreds meters??? ?????????D. five hundred of meters
　　24.The number of the students in our class ______56.
　　A. are??????? ?B. were?????? ??C. is?????? D. am
　　25. —Basketball is the most popular game in America.
????—_______.
????A. So does it????? B. So it does????? C. So is it????? ? D. So it is
Ⅱ、阅读理解
A
????Peru(秘鲁)is the fifth largest Latin American country with a population of 14430000. Almost half of these people live in the city areas(地区). Around Lima, there were 20% of the total (总数) population in 1961. The population here grew faster than anywhere else and in another 35 years reaches 1 /3 of the total population.
????About 45% of the people are Indians and 50% are white or mixed（混合人种）and the others are Asians, Negroes(黑人)or people from other countries.
　　In island areas, only about half of the people can read and write, but at the places near the sea, 2/3 of the population can read and write.
????1. Which of the following is true?
????A. Four countries are larger than Peru in Latin America.
　 ?B. Peru is the largest in the five of Latin American countries.
　 ?C. Latin is the fifth largest country in North America.
　 ?D. Five countries are larger than Peru in Latin America.
????2. How many Peruvians(秘鲁人)live in the country area?
????A. 14430000?? ??B. 7215000???? C. 4810000?????? D. 2886000
????3. By the year 1996, the population in Lima was possibly ________.
?　 A. 2886000?? B. 7215000?? C. 4810000??? D. none of the above
????4. In the past 35 years, the population in Lima has grown faster than　
　 ?A. any place in Peru??? ??????????? B. any other place in Peru
　 ?C. any place in Latin America?? ??? D. any other place in the world
????5. People living along the sea are possibly ________.
　? A. better educated (教育)?? ?B. worse educated
　　C. poorer in reading?????? ? D. better at reading but not writing【版权所有：21教育】
B
????Life in the twenty-first century will be very different from life today. Between then and now many changes will take place, but what will the changes be?
　　The population is growing fast. There will be many people in the world and most of them will live longer than people live now.
　　Computers will be much smaller and more useful, and there will be at least one in every home. And computer studies will be one of the important subjects in school then.
　　People will work fewer hours than they do now and they will have more free time for sports, watching TV and traveling. Traveling will be much easier and cheaper. And many more people will go to other countries for holidays.
　　There will be changes in our food, too. Maybe no one will eat meat every day. Instead they eat more fruit and vegetables. Maybe people will be healthier.
　　Work in the future will be different, too. Dangerous and hard work can be done by robots. Because of this, many people will not have enough work to do. This will be a problem.
????6. There will be ______ in the future.
????A. small population ??? B. few changes ??? C. more people ??? D. few people
????7. In the future the computer will be ______.
　? A. much bigger and few people will use it
　? B. much smaller and more useful
　? C. smaller and not many people will use it
　? D. bigger and a lot of people will use it
????8. In the future more people ______.
　? A. will go to other countries for holidays?? ?????? B. will study at school
　? C. will go earlier??????????? ??????????????????????D. will work for many hours
????9. People will prefer ______ to ______ in the future.2-1-c-n-j-y
　? A. fruit and vegetables, meat??? ? B. meat, fruit and vegetable
　? C. fruit and meat, vegetable???? ?D. meat and vegetables, fruit
????10. The robots will ______ in the future.
　? A. do the dangerous work????? B. do all the work
　? C. do only housework????????? ?D. do the easy work for people
Ⅲ、完形填空
????London in the seventeenth century was one of the most beautiful cities in Europe of the time. There?? 1?? many important buildings and one or two famous theatres? . There was also one large bridge?? 2?? the River Thames.
????___3? , most of Londoners lived in?? 4?? wood houses in the streets. There were?? 5?? drains(下水道), so people?? 6?? their dirty water and rubbish into the streets. It was?? 7? .
??????? 8?? September 2nd, 1666, at about three o'clock in the morning, a?? 9? suddenly started in a shop. There was a strong?? 10?? and the fire went?? 11?? from one street to the?? 12?? .
????The fire lasted(持续) for three?? 13?? and destroyed 13,200 homes and many other important?? 14?? . This was the?? 15?? of the old city of London.
????1. A. are???????? ????B. have????? ?????? C. were?????? ??????D. had
????2. A. though????? ????B. in??????? ?????? C. on???????? ??????D. across
????3. A. Because??? ?????B. However?? ????? ?C. Everywhere? ?????D. Still
????4. A. strong????? ????B. huge????? ?????? C. small?????? ?????D. modern
????5. A. no???????? ?????B. many???? ??????? C. several????? ????D. all kinds of
????6. A. threw????? ?????B. put?????? ???????C. carried?????? ???D. used
????7. A. instructive?? ??B. interesting?? ?? C. difficult??? ????D. dangerouswww.21-cn-jy.com
????8. A. During???? ?????B. On?????? ??????? C. In?????????? ????D. About
????9. A. fire??????? ????B. shout???? ?????? C. play???????? ????D. program
????10. A. rain????? ?????B. snow????? ????? ?C. wind??????? ?????D. force
????11. A. hurriedly? ????B. quickly??? ????? C. suddenly???? ????D. slowly21*cnjy*com
????12. A. other???? ?????B. another??? ????? C. next???????? ????D. one
????13. A. days???? ??????B. years????? ????? C. minutes?????? ???D. hours
????14. A. brides??? ?????B. theatres??? ???? C. buildings????? ??D. cities
????15. A. beginning? ????B. middle?? ??????? C. whole???????? ???D. end
Ⅳ、词语练习
????A）用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
????1. In one minute, 174 ______were born in the world (baby).
????2.If the population of the world still grows fast, there will be only______(stand)room on the earth.
????3.At the beginning of the ______(twenty)century, the world’s population was about 1,700 million.
????4. Our country is becoming _________and _________(strong).
????5. America is a _________(develop)country.
????B）根据句意，在空格中填入适当的词。
????6. One hundred is called a _________.
????7. France and Germany are ________ countries.
????8. The population of the world is still ________ today.
????9. ________ about 600 years, there will be standing room only on the earth.
????10. I m sure you’ll have a good time ________ you stay in China.
????C）找出一处与句子划线部分意思相同或相近的词或词组的选项。
????11.We have to wait for the train hour after hour.www-2-1-cnjy-com
????A. for two hours????B. for many hours???? C. for a while???? D. for a moment
????12.What a strong wind! It goes on and on for three days.
????A. starts???????B. finishes???? ???C. lasts????? ???D. comes
????13. The world's population was about 1,700 million at the beginning of the twentieth century.
????A. a hundred year??? ??????????B. hundreds years?? ???
????C. hundred of years? ??????????D. a hundred years
????14. There is enough space from sixty people.
????A. room????? ?B. rooms???? ??C. place???? ?? D. house
????l5. During the next hour, over l0, 440 more babies will be born on the earth.
????A. almost???? B. nearly?? ???C. more than??? D. less than
Ⅴ、补全对话
????A）填入所缺单词，使对话完整与通顺。
????A: Could you ___1___ me your geography（地理）book?
????B:___2___. ___3___you are.
????A: ___4___you. We have just learned Unit 20. It tells us something___5___the world’s population. I want to know ___6___ about ___7___.
????B: I’m not ___8___it now.
　　A: Thank you very much.
　　B: ___9___ at ___10___.
????B）从方框内七个句子中，选择五个句子完成对话。
????John, Peter and Mark are brothers. Their father has a new car, and they clean it for him in turns. It has just rained, and the car is very dirty. John is looking at it, and he is talking to Peter.
????John: The car hasn't been cleaned for a few days.
????Peter:?? 1? . It is very dirty.
??? John: Someone should clean it today.
????Peter: Mark should clean it.?? 2? .
????John: No, he cleaned it last time. It’s your turn.
????Peter: ??3??? ?I always clean it after you,
????John: Oh, dear, is it really my turn? But?? 4? .
????Peter: Clean it now. Only lazy people leave today's work to tomorrow.
????John:?? 5?? .
????Peter & Mark: You are even lazier.
????
Ⅵ、书面表达
????下面是一则书面通知，内容要点如下：
????1. 今天下午2点半来自一中的王老师给同学们作一场关于世界人口知识的报告。
　　2. 地点：本校操场。
　　3. 请同学们2点钟自带椅子和笔记本在操场集合。
　　4. 会场要保持安静。
　　5. 请准时参加，不要迟到。
参考答案：
Ⅰ、
????1. C? 2.D? 3.C? 4.C? 5.A? 6.C? 7.D? 8. D? 9. C? 10. B? 11. D?
????12. B? 13.A? 14. D? 15. C 16. B? 17. B? 18. B? 19. C? 20. C??
????21. A? 22. C 23. B? 24. C 25. D
Ⅱ、
????1. A?? 2. B?? 3. C? 4. B?? 5. A? 6. C?? 7. B?? 8. A?? 9. A??? 10. A
Ⅲ、
????1. C????2. D????3. B????4. C????5. A????6. A????7.D????8. B ??????
????9. A????10. C ? 11. B?? 12. C ? 13. A ? 14.C ?? 15. D
Ⅳ、
????1. babies?? 2. standing? 3. twentieth? 4. stronger, stronger?? 5. developed??
????6. century? 7. developed? 8. growing?? 9. In? 10. during?
????11. B?? 12. C? ?13. D? ??14. A? ? 15. C
Ⅴ、
????A）1. lend? 2. Certainly/Sure?? 3. Here? 4. Thank? 5. about?
????6. more? ?7. it?? 8. using?? 9. Not?? 10. all
????B）1—5? A D G F E
Ⅵ、
????Mr. Wang from No. 1 Middle School will give us a talk at half past two this afternoon. He will talk about something about the world's population. We'll meet on the school playground at two o'clock. Everyone should take his own chair and notebook. During the lecture we should keep quiet. Don't be late.【出处：21教育名师】