专题12 名词性从句
【2018年高考考纲解读】
名词性从句是高考常考的语法项目，主要考查对连接词的正确把握。分析历年各地的高考试题不难发现，连接代词what的用法是考查的热点。另外，在同位语从句中，经常考查that的用法。除此之外，其他连接词的用法以及从句的语序也时有考查。
【重点、难点剖析】
一、几种易混的从句的辨别
定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句有时候在形式上很相似，下面提供一些区分的方法：
1．定语从句与同位语从句
定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系；而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容的。that在定语从句中充当句子成分，可指物或人；而同位语从句中的that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。请比较：
(1)The news (that/which) he told us was exciting.
(定语从句，that/which在从句中作宾语，还可以被省略)
(2)The news that our team has won is exciting.x/kw
(同位语从句，that从句是说明news的内容的，that在从句中不作任何成分，但不能被省略)
辨析
判断是定语从句还是同位语从句可以用“加词”的方法，即在名词和从句之间加入一个be动词，如果句子意思成立，则是同位语从句，否则，则是定语从句。如上面第二句，加上be动词后：
The news is that our team has won.句子意思成立，所以是同位语从句。而第一句，加上be动词后：
The news is that he told us.意思不成立，因此不是同位语从句。
【特别提醒】
一般情况下，同位语从句紧跟在它所说明的名词的后面，可是有的时候，为了表达的需要，名词与从句之间被另外一些内容分隔开了，叫做“分隔同位语从句”。对于这类同位语从句，一定要根据句意，找准它所说明的名词。
2．定语从句与状语从句
请看两组句子：
第一组：区分such...as...和such...that...
(1)The new storybook is written in such easy English as beginners can understand.
(2)The new storybook is written in such easy English that beginners can understand it.
这两句话只有一词之差，但语法结构大相径庭：第一句是as引导的定语从句，as相当于that/which(但不能用that/which)，在从句中作understand的宾语。第二句是结果状语从句，that在从句中不作成分。
结论：当从句缺少句子成分时，用such...as...；当从句不缺少句子成分时，用such...that...。
第二组：选用in which, where填空
(1)He left the key ______ he had been an hour before.
(2)He left the place ______ he lived for many years.
分析：第一句只能填where, where引导的是地点状语从句，修饰主句中的谓语动词。此处where不可换成in which，因为in which只能引导定语从句，本句中根本就没有先行词(后面的从句不是修饰key的)。
第二句填where或in which。根据句意可知，后面的句子是对名词place的修饰，因此此句是定语从句。
二、that与what的区别
that引导名词性从句，在从句中不作任何成分，that本身无意义，只起连接作用。what引导名词性从句时，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语等，what表示“……的东西或事情”。请比较：
What I need is more time.(what引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语)
That I need more time to do the work is very clear.(that引导主语从句，在从句中不作任何成分)
The village is no longer what it used to be.(what引导表语从句，在从句中作表语)
I had no idea what we should do next.(what引导同位语从句，在从句中作宾语)
He will tell us what he saw in London.(what引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语)
精析
名词性从句中区分that与what的关键是：分析句子结构，看从句是否缺少句子成分。如果不缺成分，就用that，如果缺少句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等)，且表示“……的东西或事情”就用what。
三、who, whoever与no matter who的区别
引导名词性从句，在句中作主语时用who，意思是“谁”，含有疑问意味，whoever意为“无论谁”，不含有疑问意味。whoever在引导名词性从句时，相当于anyone who，其中who引导一个定语从句紧随其后。
另外，whoever还可以引导让步状语从句，这时whoever相当于no matter who，但是no matter who只能引导让步状语从句。请比较：
1．Who has taken away my bag is unknown.
谁拿走了我的包还不知道。(若用whoever显然句意不通)
2．Whoever breaks the law will be punished.
无论谁违反法律都要受到惩罚。(whoever表达的语气强烈)
3．I'm not going to let you in, no matter who you are.
＝I'm not going to let you in, whoever you are.
(根据句意“我不会让你进去的，不管你是谁”，后面是一个让步状语从句，故用no matter who或者whoever)
【特别提醒】
wh－ever既可引导名词性从句，又可引导让步状语从句。引导名词性从句时，whoever＝anyone who; whomever＝any-one whom; whatever＝anything that; whichever＝anything/anyone that; whosever＝any one whose。
Whichever he likes will be given to him.＝Anything that he likes will be given to him.
无论他想要哪个都可以给他。
You should give the book back to whosever name(＝anyone whose name) is on the cover of it.
你该把书还给任何一个他的名字在封面上的人。
【方法技巧】
做题时，具体思路如下：①通读全句，首先考虑是不是某种句型，如强调句型；②题干句若是疑问句，首先把它恢复为正常语序；③观察设空的前前后后，确定相关从句的性质；④确定从句性质后，回忆相关从句的用法特点，从而作出取舍；⑤注意标点符号和并列连词(and, but)的作用；⑥将选项代入句子，看前后是否语意贯通。
【题型示例】
题型1、主语从句
【例1】(2017·江苏卷改编) ________is known to us all is that Want Meng got three golden medals in Vancouver Winter Olympics.
【解析】考查主语从句。what在主语从句中作is的主语。
【答案】What
【举一反三】(2017·北京卷改编) ________I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.
【答案】What
【变式探究】【2016·北京】24.Your support is important to our work. ________ you can do helps.
A. However B. Whoever C. Whatever D. Wherever
【答案】C
【解析】题目考查主语从句。helps是谓语，“________ you can do”是主语部分，即主语从句，在主语从句中，do后缺少宾语，表示“任何事情”，因此用whatever引导，故选C。
【变式探究】(2014·北京，33)Some people believe has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.
解析 考查主语从句。句意：有些人相信，无论以前发生过什么，或者现在发生着什么，都会在未来重现。主语从句中缺少主语，用whatever做主语。
答案 whatever
【变式探究】 ________ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.
【感悟提升】
引导词：
(1)从属连词作引导词：that, whether, if。
(2)连接代词作引导词：what, who, which, whatever, whoever。
(3)连接副词作引导词：how, when, where, why
注意：that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义，又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。
【变式探究】________ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.
【答案】Whichever
【解析】考查主语从句。句意：你们当中无论哪一个打破窗户都必须赔偿。此处指从“you”这一范围中作出选择，whichever引导主语从句，表示“无论哪一个”。
【变式探究】________ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.
【答案】What
【解析】考查主语从句。句意：你在会上所说的话为公司描绘了一个光明的未来。分析句子结构可知，题中缺少主语从句的引导词，并且引导词要在从句中作宾语。只有what既可以引导主语从句，又可以在从句中作宾语，因此符合题意。
题型2、同位语从句
【例2】【2016·天津】11. The manager put forward a suggestion ____ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.
A. whether B. that C. which D. what
【答案】B
【解析】句意：经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。使用同位语从句说明suggestion的内容，而且同位语从句成分和意思都是完整的。用that引导，that不作成分，只是起着连接的作用。故选B。
【变式探究】(2014·重庆，12)—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?
—Yeah，but I have no idea he did it；that's one of his favorite universities.
解析 考查同位语从句。由题意可知：耶鲁大学是Mike最喜爱的大学之一，可他却拒绝入学，真不知道他为什么会这样。因此可知why为最佳答案。
答案 why
【变式探究】The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ______ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
【变式探究】The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ________ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.xk/w
【答案】that
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：要取得最高层次的成功，唯一的方法就是要完全相信在体育运动领域你比其他任何人都优秀。have total belief that ...“完全相信……”，为固定句式。此处belief后接了同位语从句，从句不缺少成分，用that引导。
【举一反三】We have offered him the position, but I don't have the slightest idea ________ he will accept it.
【变式探究】I made a promise to myself ________ this year，my first year in high school，would be different.
A．whether B．what C．that D．how
【答案】C
【解析】此处是that引导的同位语从句，用来解释说明a promise的具体内容，同时从句中不缺少成分，且句意完整，所以用that引导。故选C项。
【变式探究】The notice came around two in the afternoon ________ the meeting would be postponed.
A．when B．that C．whether D．how
【答案】B
【解析】分析句子成分可知，“________ the meeting would be postponed”是同位语从句，解释说明notice的具体内容，从句不缺少成分，所以用that引导。
【变式探究】Modern science has given clear evidence ________ smoking can lead to many diseases.
A．what B．which C．that D．where
【答案】C
【解析】句意：现代科学已经证明，吸烟会导致很多疾病。that在此引导一个同位语从句。
【方法规律】
连接代词that引导的同位语从句与关系代词that引导的定语从句的区别
连接代词that引导同位语从句时，应放在某些抽象名词如news，word(消息)，idea，fact，hope，desire，thought等之后，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，连接代词that只起引导同位语从句的作用，在从句中不担当任何成分，因此that引导的同位语从句是完整的，不缺任何成分。
关系代词that引导定语从句时，关系代词that一方面起引导定语从句的作用，另一方面，that在定语从句中担当主语、宾语或表语。因此，that引导的定语从句是残缺的。如：
The news that our football team won the match was encouraging.(同位语从句，不缺任何成分)
我们的足球队赢了比赛的消息令人鼓舞。
The news(that)we heard on the radio was not true.(定语从句，缺少宾语)
我们在收音机里听到的那个消息不是真的。
题型3、宾语从句
【例3】 (2015·高考重庆卷，T8)We must find out ________ Karl is coming，so we can book a room for him.
A．when B．how
C．where D．why
解析：考查宾语从句引导词的选择。句意：我们必须查明卡尔________会来，这样我们就能为他预订房间了。预订房间当然与卡尔来的时间息息相关，因此应该选择A项。
答案：A
【变式探究】
(2015·课标全国Ⅱ，70)As natural architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly________thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
答案：how 根据语境和空后的形容词thick可知应用how引导宾语从句，表示程度。此处表示要弄清楚到底土坯房的墙需要“多”厚。故答案为how。
【变式探究】Experts believe ________ people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.
【答案】that
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：专家们认为人们必要的时候才购物可以减少食物的浪费。分析结构可知，此处是experts believe ...作主句，空格处引导宾语从句，从句不缺少成分，故用that。分析清楚句子结构是解题关键。
【举一反三】Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell ________ close you may be to victory.
【变式探究】As many as five courses are provided，and you are free to choose ________ suits you best.
A．whatever B．whichever C．whenever D．wherever
【答案】B
【解析】句意：提供了多达五门课程，你可以自由选择最适合你的一门。在一定范围内选择某一个用whichever，whichever引导宾语从句，并在从句中作主语。
【变式探究】The shocking news made me realize ________ terrible problems we would face.
A．what B．how C．that D．why
【变式探究】His writing is so confusing that it's difficult to make out ________ it is he is trying to express.
A．that B．how C．who D．what
【答案】D
【解析】句意：他的书写如此令人困惑，以至于难以辨认他在试图表达什么。分析句子结构可知，定语从句he is trying to express后缺少宾语，因此用what。
【归纳总结】
1．that通常不可省略的情况
(1)主语从句中，that从句置于句首时；
(2)当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二和以后几个从句的that不可省略；
(3)由it作形式宾语时，that引导的宾语从句中，that也不可省略。
2．wh－ever与no matter wh－的用法区别
wh－ever既可引导名词性从句，又可引导让步状语从句；而no matter wh－只能引导让步状语从句。如：
Whatever I said，he wouldn't listen to me.
＝No matter what I said，he wouldn't listen to me.
无论我说什么，他都不会听我的。(让步状语从句)
He would believe whatever I said.
我说什么他都信。(宾语从句)
另外，在whoever，whatever，whenever，wherever中，ever起强调作用，意为“究竟、到底”。如：
Wherever have you been？你究竟去了哪里？
题型4、表语从句
【例4】【2016·北京】29. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.
A. what B. that C. whether D. why
【答案】B
【解析】句意：雨季最令人愉悦的就是人们可以完全不再受到沙尘的困扰。is后跟从句作表语，即表语从句，表语从句不缺少主语、谓语和宾语，因此用that，that只起引导作用，故选B。
【变式探究】 (2015·安徽，25)A ship in harbor is safe, but that's not ships are built for.
解析 句意：船停放在海港里是很安全的，但这并非建造船的目的。该题考查表语从句。isn't后跟从句作表语，表语从句中的for后缺少宾语，用what引导，what与for连用，表示目的。What在句中既作连接词又作从句的中for的宾语。
答案 what
【变式探究】From space, the earth looks blue. This is ________ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.
【答案】because
【解析】考查表语从句。句意：从太空看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为它表面大约71%被水所覆盖。首先分析前后两句之间的逻辑关系，此处为“前果后因”，使用because。because和why均可引导表语从句，解题时要弄清前后句之间的逻辑关系——是“前因后果”还是“前果后因”。“前因后果”使用why，“前果后因”使用because。
【举一反三】The question is not ________ a country has an aircraft carrier, but ________ a country does with the aircraft carrier.
【变式探究】I'd like to start my own business—that's ________ I'd do if I had the money.
A．why B．when C．which D．what
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我想自己做生意——那是我如果有钱就会做的事情。从句中的do是及物动词，缺少宾语，所以将A和B排除，这两个选项在从句中常常作状语。which引导名词性从句时，意为“哪个，哪些”，不合逻辑，故用what。
【变式探究】I'm afraid he's more of a talker than a doer，which is ________ he never finishes anything.
A．that B．when C．where D．why
【答案】D
【解析】很显然，前文所说的(他是一个空谈家而不是一个实干家)是下文(他一事无成)的原因，由此可知应该选why。
【变式探究】Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel，David Copperfield，was ________ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.
A．what B．that C．why D．whether
【拓展提高】
1．引导词有连词that(that不可省)，whether；代词有who，whom，what，which；副词when，where，how，why等。如：
The problem is that we didn't get in touch with him.
2．as if，because也可引导表语从句。
It was because I got up late.
注意：①当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：
The reason why he was late was that he missed the train this morning.
②whether可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。
【误区警示】
1．误判从句类型
例1、Word came that free souvenirs would be given to ________ comes first.
易错警示：学生易误判为定语从句从而误填who。
答案：whoever who，whoever与whomever都可引导宾语从句，但who表示疑问，whoever在从句中作主语，而whomever在从句中充当宾语。
2．误判句子结构
例2、The notice came around two in the afternoon ______ the meeting would be postponed.
易错警示：学生易误判为定语从句而误填when。
答案：that 这是一个同位语从句。
一、选择题
1．Think about ________ you are good at and ________ you enjoy and build on those abilities.
A．what；that B．what；which
C．that；that D．what；what
【答案】D 【解析】think about后跟两个宾语从句，at后缺宾语，第一空需填what，enjoy和build缺宾语，第二空也需填what。所以选D。
2．________ seems strange to us is ________ the troublesome boy is getting along well with all his teachers.
A．It；that B．That；how
C．It；how D．What；that
【答案】D 【解析】第一空是主语从句，从句缺主语用what，第二空是表语从句，从句的成分完整用that。
3.Dad is used to smoking and drinking.There's no chance ________ I'm able to talk him into ________.
A．whether；giving it up
B．of whether；giving them up
C．that；getting rid of them
D．which；stopping it
【答案】C 【解析】由smoking and drinking可知，A、D中的代词错误。B项翻译不通。注：that引导的是一个同位语从句。
4．Keep in mind ________ you want others to respect you，you must respect others first.
A．that when B．that if
C．if when D．when if
6．________ words I use can not express my appreciation of your timely help.
A．Whatever ．How many
C．No matter what D．Whichever
【答案】A 【解析】no matter what一般不引导名词性从句，这是一个主语从句，所以排除C。B、D语义不通，可排除。
7．Human beings are different from animals ________ they can use language as a tool to communicate.
A．in that B．for that
C．in which D．for which
【答案】A 【解析】in that是“在……这一点上”的意思，引导状语从句。
8．________ climber gets to the top first will get a ￥5,000 prize.
A．No matter when B．Whichever
C．No matter which D．Whenever
10．Many of the creatures in Rowling's world are not real，and much of ________ happens is strange.
A．which B．that C．what D．it
【答案】C 【解析】of后的________ happens是一个宾语从句，从句缺主语，故选what。
11．________ some teenagers don't realize is ________ difficult life can be after they get addicted to drugs.
A．What；how B．That；how xk.w
C．That；what D．What；what a
【答案】A 【解析】第一空：主语从句缺宾语用what。第二空：是表语从句，正常语序为：life can be ________ difficult after they get addicted to drugs，就很容易填上副词how了。故选A。
12．They began to think about ________ could be made of these valuable materials.(浙江温州中学高三1月月考)
A．how use B．full use
C．better D．what use
【答案】D 【解析】短语make use of(利用)中的use是名词可用形容词what来修饰。how是副词，不可修饰名词。
13．There was a big argument among the children about ________ move to a new house.
A．if they should B．that they ought
C．if should they D．whether they should
【答案】D 【解析】连词that和if都不能直接放在介词之后，可排除A、B、C。
14．________ sometimes keeps her awake at night ________ Tom is getting more and more quiet at home.
A．That；which B．It；that
C．Whether；what D．What；that
【答案】B 【解析】it作形式主语，that引导从句作真正主语，如选D项句子缺谓语。
15．—I rang you at about nine，but there was no reply.
—Oh，that was probably ________ I was seeing the doctor.
A．why B．when C．what D．that
【答案】B 【解析】根据语境该选B，when引导表语从句，同时又在从句中作时间状语。
16．His mother did ________ she could ________ the boy.
A．what；help B．that；help
C．what；to help D．that；to help
【答案】C 【解析】第一空：是宾语从句，could后省了do，what作这个do的宾语。第二空：不定式表目的。故选C。
17．It isn't expected ________ he said caused so much discussion at the meeting.
A．that B．what that
C．what D．that what
19．It was the first time Agassi had understood ________ real champions finally understand：winning is a test of nerves and not just power.
A．that B．what C．how D．when
【答案】B 【解析】这是一个宾语从句，understand后缺宾语，故用what。
20．Thinking that you know ________ in fact you don't know is a serious mistake.(吉林长春市高三第一次模拟)
A．what B．that C．when D．however
【答案】A 【解析】把这句话写完整应该是：Thinking that you know what in fact you don't know is a serious mistake.句意：认为你知道了事实上不知道的东西，那是一个严重的错误。
21．We will all appreciate ________ you can come to join us in developing our hometown.
A．that if B．it if
C．it that D．that when
【答案】B 【解析】appreciate跟it作形式宾语，if you can come to join...可视为真正的宾语。
22．Much to the couple's comfort，their income is now double ________ it was five years ago.
A．that B．than C．which D．what
【答案】D 【解析】这是一个由what引导的表语从句，what同时又在从句中充当表语。
23．In peace，too，the Red Cross is expected to send help to ________ there is human suffering.(江西九校联考一模)
A．whoever B．wherever
C．however D．whatever
【答案】B 【解析】wherever引导宾语从句，同时又在从句中作地点状语。
24．It was in time of danger ________ he made the final decision ________ they should send more doctors there.
A．where；that B．when；which
C．where；what D．that；that
【答案】D 【解析】第一空是强调句型，第二空that引导同位语从句。
25．The news ________ is spreading around the airport is ________ a heavy storm is coming.
A．what；不填 B．that；that
C．不填；that D．that；which
【答案】B 【解析】第一空：是定语从句，从句缺主语，可用that或which，作主语的关系代词一般不省，可排除A、C。第二空：是同位语从句，从句不缺成分，故选B。
26．If you leave this application form and go to another website，you will lose ________ you have already filled out on this form.
A．whatever B．no matter what
C．whichever D．no matter which
【答案】A 【解析】这是宾语从句，filled out缺少宾语，所以填whatever。C、D语义不对；B项一般不引导名词性从句。
27．Do you have any idea ________ electricity plays such an important part in our daily life?
A．why is it that B．how it is that
C．why was it D．when it was that
29．As days go on，I think that Beijing will become ________ the whole world pay close attention to.
A．where B．what C．which D．that
【答案】B 【解析】what引导宾语从句，在从句中作pay attention to的宾语。
30．________ David says sounds right to Helen.That's why she has made up her mind to leave him ________ happens.
A．Whatever；whatever
B．No matter what；whatever
C．No matter what；no matter what
D．Whatever；however
【答案】A 【解析】第一空：是主语从句，由于no matter what不引导名词性从句，所以排除B、C。第二空：是宾语从句，从句缺主语，即可排除D。故选A。句意：戴维说的每句话，海伦都觉得有道理，所以，她决定把一切都交给他来处理
二、单句填空
1．I truly believe________beauty comes from within.
3．A ship in harbor is safe，but that's not ________ ships are built for.
答案：what what引导表语从句，在从句中作介词for的宾语。句意：船停泊在港口里是安全的，但那可不是造船的目的。
4．If you swim in a river or lake，be sure to investigate ________ is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.
答案：what investigate后面是宾语从句，从句中缺主语，故用what。句意：如果你在河里或湖里游泳，一定要调查一下水面下的东西。经常会有石头或树枝藏在水中。
5．You have to know ________ you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.
答案：where 本题考查宾语从句的引导词。You have to know后面是一个宾语从句，________ you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there是一个完整的句子，应用连接副词where来引导从句。句意：如果你要计划去那里的最佳方案，你必须知道你要去哪里。
6．We must find out ______ Karl is coming，so we can book a room for him.xk*w
答案：when 考查宾语从句。find out后面接一个宾语从句，根据句意应用when。句意：我们必须弄明白Karl什么时候来，这样我们才能给他预订房间。
7．—I wonder ________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.
—By working out every day.
答案：how 句意为：——我想知道玛丽这么多年是如何保持良好的身材的。——每天坚持锻炼。wonder后是宾语从句，根据答语中的by可知第一句就方式提问，故填how，意为“如何，怎样”。
8．We know from the survey on cigarettes ________ warning messages on product containers and in ads can affect consumption of potentially dangerous products.
答案：that 句意为：我们从关于香烟的调查了解到，在产品包装盒上和广告中的警告信息能够影响潜在的危险产品的消费。know后的宾语从句结构完整，因此用从属连词that引导。
9．Following the decline in house prices in many small and medium-sized cities, there are now signs ________ house prices in major cities may also be set for a slide.
答案：that 句意为：随着中小型城市房价的下跌，现在有迹象表明在大城市房价也可能有下滑的趋势。signs后是同位语从句，从句结构和意义完整，用从属连词that引导。
10．Tens of thousands of people marched to the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial, celebrating the 50th anniversary of King's famous speech, through which we know ________ he said meant to the black.
答案：what 句意为：数以万计的人奔向马丁·路德·金纪念碑，庆祝他的那次著名的演讲发表50周年。通过这个演讲，我们知道他所说的对于黑人的意义。设空处引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语，指“他所说的话”，故填what。
11．New plans for the college entrance examination in Zhejiang are ________ students have to be tested on Chinese, math, English and another three subjects as they prefer.xk/w
答案：that 句意为：浙江的高考新计划是考生必须参加语文、数学、英语和他们喜欢的其他三科的考试。设空处引导表语从句，从句中不缺成分和意义，故用that引导。
12．There is a strong possibility ________ man will mainly depend on solar energy in the future.
答案：that 句意为：人类在将来主要依靠太阳能是非常有可能的。设空后的从句句子结构完整，不缺少成分，且是对possibility的进一步解释、说明，故设空处引导同位语从句，故填that。
13．As John Lennon once said, life is ________ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.
答案：what 句意为：正如约翰·列侬曾经所说，生活就是在你忙于制订其他计划的时候发生在你身上的事情。设空处引导表语从句并在从句中充当主语，故填what。
14． ________ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
16．The bride and groom gave ________ attended their wedding some gifts to share their happiness.
答案：whoever 句意为：新娘和新郎给每个参加他们婚礼的人都送了礼物，来分享他们的幸福。设空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，意思是“凡是……的人”，相当于anyone who，故用whoever。
17．I couldn't imagine ________difficult it was for these badly injured victims to make it to the hospital.
答案：how 句意为：我无法想象这些严重受伤的受害者能成功到达医院该有多么困难。设空处引导宾语从句，空后是形容词difficult，应该用how修饰，how difficult it was意为“这是多么困难”。
18．Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That's ______ I was born.”
答案：where 句意为：“那就是我出生的地方，”奶奶指着那家医院对我说。前面提到了医院，所以设空处应该是表地点，故用where引导该表语从句，并在从句中作地点状语。
19．Some people believe______has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.
三、单句改错
1． I didn't know what one to buy because these books were all useful to me.
答案：what改为which 此处表示“不知道该买哪一个”意义，故“疑问词＋不定式”结构中的疑问词应用which。
2．You want to know that everthing is going in our school.
答案：that改为how 宾语从句的引导词在从句中作状语，表示go的程度，表示“我们学校的情况如何”，故用how。
3．The problem is what the “Play” doesn't work at all.
答案：what改为that 表语从句的引导词在从句中不作成分，而且不表示意义，故用that。what在名词性从句中需要作主语、宾语等。
4． There is no doubt whether I will achieve great progress in English learning with your assistance.
答案：whether改为that 否定句或疑问句中doubt后的从句用that引导，肯定句doubt后的从句用whether/if引导。There is no doubt that...“毫无疑问……”。
5． At that time, I just wondered that my mother was so delighted.
答案：that改为why 根据wonder判断，引导词表示“为什么”意义，故用why。句子表示“我不明白为什么妈妈那么高兴”。
6．Which is worse, they spat and even threw rubbish into the lake.
答案：Which改为What What is worse是固定用法，意为“更糟糕的是”。
7．I went up and asked what I could help them.
答案：what改为if/whether 宾语从句的引导词不需要在从句中作成分，再根据ask判断句子的引导词表示疑问意义，故应为if/whether。
8．As is known to all that millions of graduates crowded into the job market each year.
答案：As改为It 本句是一个it作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正主语的句子，故改为it。如果用as，则为As is known to all, millions of graduates...。
9． That you should learn is how to write down the most important words, not the whole sentence.
答案：That改为What 主语从句的引导词需要在从句中作learn的宾语，故用what。
10． Next, we can know ________is going on at any time.
答案：what know后是一个宾语从句，从句缺少主语，故填what。
四、语法填空
Alfred Alder, a famous psychiatrist, had __1__interesting experience. When he was a small boy he got off to a poor start in arithmetic(算术). His teacher got the idea that he had no ability in arithmetic, and told his parents __2__ she thought in order that they would not expect too much of him. In this way, they too developed the idea, “Isn't it too bad __3__Alfred can't do arithmetic？” He accepted their mistaken estimate of his ability, feeling that it was useless to try.
One day he became very angry at the teacher and the other students because they laughed when he said he saw how to do a problem __4__ none of the other students had been able to solve.
Alder succeeded in solving the problem. This gave him confidence. He rejected the idea __5__ he could not do arithmetic and was determined to show them that he could. His __6__(angry) and his new found faith stimulated him to go at arithmetic problems with a new spirit. He now worked __7__interest, determination, and purpose, and he soon became __8__(extraordinary) good at arithmetic. He not only proved that he can do arithmetic, but he learned early in life from his own experience, if a person __9__(go) at a job with determination and purpose, his ability may make himself as well as others __10__(astonish)．
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：
6．anger 前面有his作定语，与his new found faith一起作主语，故填名词anger。
7．with 此处表示“带有，有”意义，所以应该填介词with。
8．extraordinarily 修饰形容词good，意为“极其，极端地”，用副词。
9．goes if引导的从句讲的是事实，所以用一般现在时，主语是a person，故填goes。
10．astonished 在动词make后作宾语补足语，表示宾语的状态和感受，故填形容词astonished“惊讶的”。
四、短文改错
When it comes to the TV, there will be different word in different persons' minds. Some people think that watch TV is a good way to relax. Firstly, we can broaden our horizons or know more about the world by watching latest news and reports. Secondly, watching TV is a good way to kill their spare time. Finally, we can predict that may happen in the future and be prepared.
Therefore, every coin has its two sides. There are also disadvantages of watching TV. Not only do it do harm to our eyesight, but it also has a bad affect on our studies and everyday life. Definitely, TV plays a big role in our life. We should treat to it in a right way.
答案：
When it comes to the TV, there will be different in different persons' minds. Some people think that TV is a good way to relax. Firstly, we can broaden our horizons know more about the world by watching latest news and reports. Secondly, watching TV is a good way to kill spare time. Finally, we can predict may happen in the future and be prepared.
， every coin has its two sides. There are also disadvantages of watching TV. Not only it do harm to our eyesight, but it also has a bad on our studies and everyday life. Definitely, TV plays a big role in our life. We should treat to it in a right way.
第四处：latest前加the latest是最高级，故前面加the。
第五处：their→our 本文叙述以第一人称为主，此处指代“我们的”，故将their改为our。
第六处：that→what predict后为宾语从句，从句中缺主语，且指物，故将that改为what。
第七处：Therefore→However 根据语境可知，上下文是转折关系而非因果关系。
第八处：do→does 当not only置于句首时，其后的句子要进行部分倒装，即将助动词提至主语之前，由于句子的主语是it，故助动词用does。
第九处：affect→effect have an effect on...是固定短语，意为“对……有影响”。
第十处：去掉to treat是及物动词，接宾语时，其后不需加介词。
