专题11 定语从句
【2018年高考考纲解读】
定语从句是高考的热点，主要考查关系代词和关系副词的正确运用，特别是它们在非限制性定语从句中的运用。主要考点有：
①关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句；
②关系副词where引导的定语从句(近三年来常考查先行词是表示抽象空间概念的名词的情况)；
③“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句；
④as引导的非限制性定语从句。
【重点、难点剖析】
一、定语从句与并列句的区别
请观察下面三个句子：
1．Wang Hong failed in the College Entrance Examination, ______ disappointed his mother.
2．Wang Hong failed in the College Entrance Examination and ______ disappointed his mother.
3．Wang Hong failed in the College Entrance Examination; ______ disappointed his mother.
第一句话：句中有逗号，根据句意可知，空白处的内容应该指的是前面整个句子的内容，是对前文信息的补充说明，因此，此句是非限制性定语从句，用关系代词which；
第二句话：句中有并列连词and，因此整个句子是一个并列句，所以可以用代词it指代前面句子的内容。
第三句话：句中有分号，这表明整个句子是一个并列句，因此可以用代词it指代前面句子的内容。
【解题技巧】
判断是定语从句还是并列句，要注意句中的标点符号和句中的连接词。如果句与句之间有连词或者分号，则是并列句；如果是逗号，且逗号后的内容是对前面某一名词的补充说明，则是非限制性定语从句，应该使用关系词。
二、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词的选择
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词的选择是一个常考点，也是一个难点。请看下面三个句子，填上合适的介词，并从中发现一些规律。
1．He was educated at a local grammar school, ______ which he went on to Cambridge.
2．This is the farm ______ which he worked two years ago.
3．In the dark street there was not a single person ______ whom she could turn for help.
第一句话：根据句意可知，他在一所当地的语法学校学习之后去了Cambridge，故介词用after。此句中介词的使用与句子的意义有关。
第二句话：把从句补充完整为he worked two years ago on the farm (“在农场”为“on the farm”)，句中介词的选用取决于先行词的意义，即介词跟先行词的搭配。
第三句话：在黑暗的街道上，没有一个她可以求助的人。“向某人求助”这个短语是“turn to sb. for help”，因此此处用介词to。此句中介词的选用取决于从句中的动词固定搭配。
因此，考生在确定其中的介词时，可从以下三方面入手：
1．句子的意思；2.先行词的意义；3.从句中的动词固定搭配。
【特别提醒】
注意way(方式)后接定语从句时的引导词。
先行词是way，当引导词在从句中作状语时，关系词用in which, that或者省略；当引导词在从句中作主语或宾语时，用that/which引导(作宾语时，引导词也可以省略)。比较：
The way(that/which) he explained to us was quite simple.(把从句补充完整：he explained the way to us，可以看出引导词在从句中作explained的宾语)
The way(that/in which) he explained the sentence was simple.(把从句补充完整：he explained the sentence in the way，可以看出引导词在从句中作状语)
三、引导词as, which的区别
1．引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句内容时的区别：
(1)表达“正如”之意时，用as，如果仅指代整个主句内容而没有“正如”之意，则用which。
He went abroad, which was unexpected.
他出国了，这让大家感到很意外。
She is a good doctor, as her mother used to be.
她是一个很出色的医生，和她母亲当年一样。
(2)当从句位于主句前面时，只用as。
As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.x*kw
2．限制性定语从句中有such, the same时，其后常用as引导定语从句(the same后也可用that，但意义不一样)。
He is such a good teacher as we all love and respect.
他是一个我们都爱戴和尊敬的好老师。
This is the same pen as I lost.
这支钢笔和我丢的那支一样。
3．as引导非限制性定语从句时，只能指代整个主句内容，而which既可以指代整个主句内容，又可以指代先行词。
The river, which flows through London, is called the Thames.
这条流经伦敦的河叫泰晤士河。(不用as)
4．as常与从句中的know, see, hear, expect等动词连用，也常用于as often happens, as is often the case(常有的事)等句子中。
He was absent from school, as is often the case.
他缺课了，这是常事。
四、分隔定语从句
一般情况下，定语从句紧跟先行词，可是有的时候，先行词与定语从句之间插入了另外一些内容，这样就把先行词与定语从句分隔开了，这类定语从句叫分隔定语从句。这类句子应特别注意：不要误把插入部分当先行词。
I was the only person in my office who was invited.(先行词是person而不是office)
五、关系代词和关系副词的区别
当先行词为表示时间、地点的词时，引导词用关系代词还是关系副词是定语从句学习中的一个难点。要确定引导词在从句中所作的成分(如果引导词在从句中作状语，则用why, when或where，否则用that或which)，考生可以采用“补全法”，即依据句意把从句补充完整(补上去的部分在从句中所作的成分就是引导词在从句中所作的成分)，这样就可以很容易地判断出引导词在从句中所作的成分。
1．Do you still remember the chicken farm ______ we visited three months ago?
分析：把从句补充完整为“we visited the chicken farm three months ago”，考生据此可以判断出引导词在从句中作宾语，因此填关系代词that/which。
2．In an hour, we can travel to places ______ would have taken our ancestors days to reach.
分析：把从句补充完整为“the places would have taken our ancestors days to reach”，考生据此可以判断出引导词在从句中作主语，因此填关系代词that/which。
3．Some pre－school children go to a day care center, ______ they learn simple games and songs.
分析：把从句补充完整为“in (at) the day care center they learn simple games and songs”，据此可以判断出引导词在从句中作地点状语，因此用where/in(at) which。
【解题技巧】
遇到时间和地点，判断成分是关键；主语、宾语用关代，状语才能用关副。(关代：关系代词；关副：关系副词)
在考查定语从句时，有时命题人故意在空格处设置一些插入语等干扰信息迷惑考生。解题时，考生可以将其忽略，从而排除干扰。
—Is that the small town you often refer to?
—Right, just the one ______ you know I used to work for years.
分析：空白处应填where。此题很容易受you know的影响而误填关系代词。其实you know是插入语，解题时可以将其忽略，简化句子结构：just the one ______ I used to work for years，这样考生就很容易判断出引导词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。
【特别探究】
表示时间、地点的先行词的模糊化。研究高考试题后，考生会发现近几年高考试题中表示时间、地点的先行词有些已经不是一个明显的表示时间、地点的词语，如：period, ten years ago, the street, the museum，而是已经模糊化的词语，如：activity, business, occasion, point, case等。解题时考生要弄清这些词汇在句中的意义，并结合其在从句中所作的成分选用恰当的引导词。
【特别提醒】
point, situation, case后的定语从句的引导词并非总是由where来引导，只有当引导词在从句中作状语时，才用关系副词where，否则用关系代词。
六、定语从句用法的其他要点
(一)关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，不可省略
(二)定语从句中的谓语动词的形式与先行词的单复数保持一致
当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时，那么定语从句中的谓语动词在人称、数方面应该与先行词保持一致。
1．one of＋复数名词＋关系代词＋复数形式动词。如：
The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that draw lots of visitors.
长城是吸引大批游客的世界著名的建筑之一。
2．the only one of＋复数名词＋关系代词＋单数形式动词。如：
The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon.
长城是地球上唯一一个能从月球上看到的建筑物。
Titanic is the only one of these wonderful movies that has been produced in Hollywood.
在这些精彩的电影中，《泰坦尼克号》是唯一一部由好莱坞制作的电影。
3．当关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句内容时，若as与which作主语，则从句的谓语动词用单数形式。如：
Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all.
众所周知，中国发生了巨大的变化。
He has passed the College Entrance Examination, which makes his parents quite happy.
他通过了高考，这让他父母很高兴。
4．其他情况。如：
I, who am your teacher, will try my best to help you.
我作为你的老师，会尽全力帮助你的。
(三)注意way和time后接的定语从句的情况
1．当先行词是way(意为“方式、方法”)时，引导定语从句的关系词有下列三种形式。如：
What surprised me was not what he said but the way
he said it.
最让我吃惊的不是他的话，而是他说话的方式。
注意下面两个句子中关系词的不同，试比较：
The way he explained to us was quite simple.
他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。
The way he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.
他向我们解释句子的那种方法不难理解。
2．先行词是time时， 若time作“次数”讲时，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；若time作“一段时间”讲时，应用关系副词when或介词at/during＋which引导定语从句。如：
This is the second time (that) the President has visited the country.
这是总统第二次访问这个国家。
This was at a time when/during which there were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets.
曾经有一个时期，没有收音机，没有电话，也没有电视。
【题型示例】
题型一、关系代词which引导的定语从句
【例1】 (2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, ________ is not good for the health.
【解析】句意：“像其他任何事情一样，两者可能摄入过多，这一点对健康没有好处。”分析句子结构，由逗号以及句意可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，且意为“这一点，这件事”，故应用关系代词which指代前面整个句子。
【答案】which
【变式探究】【2016·浙江】11. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears , none of ______ has been proved.
A. whom B. which C. what D. that
【答案】B
【解析】句意：关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪，科学家已经提出了很多理论，没有一个被证明了。使用定语从句，先行词是theories，指物，定语从句中用代词+介词+关系代词which引导。故选B。
【变式探究】(2015·课标全国Ⅰ，64)I'd skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River ________are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.
立意与点拨：考查定语从句的引导词。其判定依据主要是看从句中缺少什么成分。从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语时，应填关系代词；从句中缺少状语时，应填关系副词。
【举一反三】(2015·浙江，19)Creating an atmosphere in ________ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
立意与点拨：考查定语从句。句意为：创造一种员工把自己看作团队一部分的氛围是一个巨大的挑战。分析句子结构可知，先行词是atmosphere，定语从句中缺少地点状语，且设空处前有介词in，故只能填which。
答案：which 引导词有介词通常用whom或which作关系代词，本题中关系词指代物，由此判断只能用which。
【变式探究】That evening，________ I will tell you more about later，I ended up working very late.
A．that B．which C．what D．when
【变式探究】 It is the third time that she has won the race，________ has surprised us all.
A．that B．where C．which D．what
【答案】C
【解析】句意：这是她第三次赢得比赛，这令我们所有人都感到惊讶。本题考查非限制性定语从句。逗号前面的整个句子为先行词，关系词在定语从句中充当主语，故选择C项。
【变式探究】The house I grew up ________ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.
A．in it B．in C．in that D．in which x/kw
【答案】B
【解析】句意：那所我在里面长大的房子已经被拆掉，取而代之的是一座办公大楼。此题考查定语从句。从句中的谓语动词为不及物动词短语，省去的关系代词that/which在定语从句中作介词in的宾语，in the house在定语从句中作地点状语。
【方法技巧】
that，which代表物，区别且听我来述；
先行若是不定代，that就把which踹；
先行词前有两数，就用that定无误；
先行词前最高级，还用that必无疑；
句中若有there be，that应把which替；
先行主中作表语，避免重复从句里。
题型二、whose引导的定语从句
【例2】【2016·北京】22. I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.
A. whose B. why C. where D. which
【答案】A
答案 whose
【变式探究】(2014·山东，10)A company profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.
解析 考查定语从句。句意：利润来源于国内市场且在下降的公司可以到国外寻找机会。此处关系代词whose作定语。
答案 whose
【变式探究】I wish to thank Professor Smith，without ________ help I would never have got this far.
A．who B．whose C．whom D．which
【答案】B
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我想感谢Smith教授，没有他的帮助我不会取得这样的成绩。从句中的help是名词，与Professor Smith是所属关系，故用whose。
【变式探究】The old temple ________ roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair.
A．where B．which C．its D．whose
【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句。先行词The old temple和定语从句中的主语roof是所属关系，所以要用关系代词作定语。关系代词作定语时可用“whose＋n.”，“the＋n.＋of which”或“of which＋the＋n.”三种结构，此题中采用的是第一种结构。若用另外两种结构，应该是the roof of which或of which the roof。
【方法技巧】
1．whose引导的定语从句
whose在定语从句中作定语，后面要接名词，其含义是“(先行词)的……”。whose既可以指人也可以指物。
(1)表示物时相当于“the＋名词＋of＋which”或“of＋which＋the＋名词”。
(2)表示人时相当于“the＋名词＋of＋whom”或“of＋whom＋the＋名词”。
2．whose引导的定语从句与并列句的区别
whose引导的定语从句易与含有物主代词its，their的并列句混淆。如：
China has the 3rd longest river in the world，whose name is the Yangze River.(定语从句)
China has the 3rd longest river in the world，and its name is the Yangze River.(并列句)
题型三、where引导的定语从句
【例3】(2015·北京，24改编)Opposite is St.Paul's Church，________you can hear some lovely music.
立意与点拨：从句中缺少地点状语。
答案：where 本句为定语从句，先行词是表示地点的专有名词St.Paul's Church，从句中缺少地点状语，所以填where。句意：对面是圣保罗大教堂，在教堂里你能听到一些优美的音乐。
【变式探究】Many countries are now setting up national parks ________ animals and plants can be protected.
【举一反三】He wrote a letter ________ he explained what had happened in the accident.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他写了一封信，在信中，他解释了这起事故中发生的事情。定语从句中有主语和宾语，先行词在从句中作地点状语，关系副词where相当于in which。
【变式探究】Sales director is a position ________ communication ability is just as important as sales skills.
A．which B．that C．when D．where
【答案】D
【解析】where引导定语从句并在从句中作状语，相当于in which，即in the position。
【变式探究】Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator，________ it will keep for two or three weeks.
A．when B．which C．where D．while
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：无论剩下什么东西，都可以放入冰箱中，在那儿可以保存两三个星期。“where it will keep for two or three weeks”是定语从句，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。
【方法技巧】
不是地点胜似“地点”——“模糊化的地点”要用关系副词where
高考试题中对于where的考查趋于复杂，从先行词为明显的“地点”转为“模糊化的地点”。事实上，对于where这个词不能只理解为表地点。当先行词是表示某物的situation/case，到了何种地步(point)，或某事物所发展的阶段stage，或表达某事的某个方面(scene)时，都可用where。x/kw
They have reached the_point_where they have to separate with each other.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。
Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers where consumer complains have resulted in changes in the law.(where＝in the cases)消费者的抱怨导致法律的改变的案例将在本章稍后向读者介绍。
这些不是地点胜似“地点”的名词的归属问题即当不当“地点”看是解答这类定语从句的关键。
题型四、as引导的定语从句
【例4】(2017·北京卷改编)I have never performed such a task that you've asked me to do. ____________
【解析】句意：我从来没有做过你要我做的这种工作。关系词引导定语从句，并在从句中作宾语指物，题干中有such，故此处用关系代词as引导这个定语从句，且as在从句中作do的宾语。
【答案】that→as
【变式探究】 (2015·江苏，21)The number of smokers, is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
解析 句意：据报道，吸烟者的数量在一年内下降了17%。as引导的定语从句，在这里作主语，意为“正如……，这一点”，代替整个主句的内容。
答案 as
【变式探究】The air quality in the city，________ is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months.
A．that B．it C．as D．what
【变式探究】A lot of language learning，________ has been discovered，is happening in the first year of life，so parents should talk much to their children during that period.
A．as B．it C．which D．this
【答案】A
【方法技巧】
as引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式
(1)
其中关系代词as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。如：
We have found such materials as are used in their factory.我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。(as作主语)
These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.这些房子以人们预料的那样的低价出售。(as作宾语)
He is not the same man as he was.他和过去不同了。(as作表语)
注意：such...as...引导的定语从句与such...that...引导的状语从句的区别：
第一个句子中as引导的是定语从句，因为从句中缺成分；而第二个句子中that引导的是状语从句，从句中不缺任何成分。
(2)．..such as...
such为代词，意为“这样的人或物”，as在从句中作成分，修饰先行词such。如：
This book is not such as I expect.
这不是我想要的书。(as作宾语)
题型五、介词+关系代词
【例5】The children, all of ________ had played the whole day long, were worn out.
【答案】whom
【变式探究】Care of the soul is a gradual process ________ even the small details of life should be considered.xk/w
A．what B．in what C．which D．in which
【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知“________ even the small details of life should be considered”是定语从句，且从句中缺少地点状语，故用in which。
【变式探究】Julie was good at German，French and Russian，all of ________ she spoke fluently.
A．who B．whom C．which D．that
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。先行词为物，且关系代词用在介词后面，故应用which。句意：Julie擅长德语、法语和俄语，这三种语言她说得都很流利。
【变式探究】She showed the visitors around the museum，the construction ________ had taken more than three years.
A．for which B．with which
C．of which D．to which
【答案】C
【解析】句意：她带着游客参观了这个博物馆——花了三年多才建成的建筑。the construction of(……的建筑)，which指代the museum。
【归纳总结】
如何选择“介词＋关系代词”中的介词
在“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，介词的选择是关键，也是考生深感头痛之处。介词的选择可依据以下原则：
(1)根据该介词和先行词的固定搭配来确定。
I admire my English teacher very much from whom I learn a lot.(learn from sb为固定搭配)
(2)根据定语从句中的动词习惯搭配来确定。
There are some people to whom you can turn.(turn to sb为固定搭配)
(3)根据从句中的形容词搭配来确定。
He introduced me some reference books with which I am not very familiar.(be familiar with为固定搭配)
(4)表示“所属关系”或“整体中的部分”时用介词of。
She has seen many films，of which Kung Fu Panda is her favorite.
(5)有一些动词短语不能拆开，如pay attention to，look after，take care of等。
【误区警示】
1．误用关系词
例1、—I can never forget the day ________we spent together in the summer camp.
—Well, especially the day ________ it suddenly began to rain in the middle of the night.
易错警示：学生只注意先行词，不分析从句缺少成分，从而导致全填关系词when。
2．误判从句类型
例2、________ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.
易错警示：学生受思维定势影响，极易误填It。
答案：As 由逗号可知，这是一个非限制性定语从句，引导词位于句首，且意为“正如”，所以填as。
3．忽略标点符号
例3、In our school there are 2,000 students. About two fifths of ________ are girls.
易错警示：学生受思维定势影响，不注意标点符号，极易误填whom。
答案：them 标点符号在定语从句中，尤其是以逗号连接主从句的非限制性定语从句中作用极大，又极易被学生忽视。许多同学不注意标点符号的特定作用，认为只要是主从指代无误，翻译通顺就可以，因而常易导致错误。一般情况下两句话之间以逗号连接，则两句话间应是一种逻辑上的主从关系(特殊情况除外)；另外that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
一、选择题
1．Imagine life as a game ________ you are playing with five balls.You name them — work，family，health，friends and spirit.
A．what B．so C．as D．where
【答案】D 【解析】where相当于in which。
2．Liu Xiang's breaking the world record was an exciting moment，________ all of us will never forget.
A．that B．one C．it D．what
4．September 1st is the day students register for their universities，________ mixed with the emotion of hope，fear and anxiety.x.kw
A．a day B．which C．what D．that
【答案】A 【解析】a day mixed...是独立主格结构，如果选B，其后须加is。
5．In their country August 31st is a national holiday，________ everybody dances in the streets.
A．which B．as C．when D．because
【答案】C 【解析】先行词是时间名词短语a national day，定语从句缺时间状语，故用关系副词when。
6．There are many things in different areas ________ we can do to reduce the possible dangers of AIDS.
A．where B．there C．what D．that
【答案】D 【解析】先行词是many things，that在定语从句中充当do的宾语。
7．—Did you remember the days ________ we worked on the farm?
—Certainly.Especially the hard times ________ we spent together.
A．which；when B．when；which
C．when；when D．which；which
【答案】B 【解析】the days 后的定语从句缺状语，故可填关系副词when；the hard times后的定语从句缺宾语，所以可填which。
8．Mr.White will come to the party on Sunday，________ he promised to every one of us.
A．when B．that C．what D．which
【答案】D 【解析】此为非限制性定语从句，which指代的是整个主句。
9．“I'd like to give my thanks to those ________ help my son will be able to survive his terrible disease，” said the woman on TV.
A．who B．that
C．with whose D．with their
【答案】C 【解析】句中的help是名词，“在某人的帮助下”可用with one's help来表达，故须用作定语的关系代词whose。
10．—I can't find Mr.Brown.Where did you meet him this morning?
— It was in the hotel ________ he stayed.
A．that B．which C．where D．when
【答案】C 【解析】该句是It was in the hotel where he stayed that I met him this morning之略，where he stayed是定语从句，如果选A是强调结构，就是答非所问。
11．Was it eleven o'clock ________ you arrived home last night?
A．when B．that C．since D．while
13．That's such a well-known place ________ everyone wants to visit ________ we can find it in the map of the world.
A．that；as B．as；as
C．that；that D．as；that
【答案】D 【解析】第一空填as，as引导定语从句充当了visit的宾语；第二空填that，that在结果状语从句中不作成分。
14．Though there are few Chinese ________ have heard of the Great Wall，many of them haven't been there yet.
A．as B．who C．but D．that
【答案】C 【解析】否定词few Chinese是先行词，关系代词but本身也含否定意味，but＝that/who…not。其余几项不符合句意。句意：虽然没几个中国人没听说过长城，但他们当中的许多人还没去过那里。
15．He was so pleased with all ________ we had done for him ________ he wrote us a letter to praise us for it.
A．what；what B．what；that
C．that；what D．that；that
【答案】D 【解析】第一空是定语从句，先行词为all，故用that；第二空是so...that...结构。
16．Director Zhang，for ________ life had once been very hard，directed many films about the farmer's life.
A．his B．whom C．who D．whose
【答案】B 【解析】句中的for是介词，意为“对于”。句意：张导演导演过许多关于农民生活的电影，对他来说，生活曾经是很艰难的。不可将for译为“因为”。
17．Is it Dave Williams ________ runs a website ________ he encourages people to protect the environment?
A．who；that B．that；which
C．who；where D．that；as
【答案】C 【解析】第一空是强调结构，由于强调的Dave Williams是人，故可用that/who；第二空是定语从句，先行词为a website，从句中缺地点状语，故该选C。
18．Zibo，Shandong Province is the birthplace of football，________ playing football spreads to every corner of the world.
A．from there B．where
C．from which D．there
【答案】C 【解析】这里是from...to...搭配，故选C而不选B。
19．Perhaps that is the only point ________ I completely agree.
A．that B．which
C．with which D．where
【答案】D 【解析】where相当于to which。由于agree with一般跟sb.作宾语，所以排除C。
20．There are many people ________ only on-line activity is sending and receiving e-mail.
A．who B．that C．which D．whose
【答案】D 【解析】whose作定语，修饰activity。
21．I shall never forget 9 a．m.on Oct.12,2005，the most exciting moment，________ Shenzhou VI was launched，________ is always making me think of how I can do more for my homeland.
A．that；which B．which；that
C．when；as D．when；which
【答案】D 【解析】第一空用when，在从句中作时间状语；第二空填which，先行词为整个主句。
22．Alice received an invitation from her boss，and ________ came as a surprise.
A．what B．that C．which D．he
24．David gets up early and takes exercise in the morning，________ is usual with him.
A．as B．that C．what D．so
【答案】A 【解析】as引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句。
25．When you call on a Frenchman，you may chat for an hour or so，________ not even a coffee or water is offered.
A．during this time B．by this time
C．during which time D．by which time
【答案】C 【解析】during which time是“在那段时间里”之意。by which time常用于完成时的句子中，所以排除D。
26．I don't know the reason ________ you were absent from the meeting，but I am sure that someone will tell me the reason ________ you haven't told me.
A．why；that B．that；why
C．because；which D．of which；that
【答案】A 【解析】这两个the reason都充当着先行词，第一个定语从句缺原因状语，故用why；第二个定语从句缺宾语，故用that。
27．Do you know the boy the dictionary ________ is very expensive?
A．whose B．that
C．of whom D．of which
【答案】C 【解析】先行词是the boy，the dictionary of whom＝whose dictionary。
28．The villagers，________ had been damaged by the fire，were given help by the Red Cross.
A．all of their houses B．all their houses
C．whose all houses D．all of whose houses
【答案】D 【解析】此为定语从句，故排除A、B。C项应改为all whose houses才行。
29．The time is not far away ________ modern communications will become widespread in China's vast countryside.
A．as B．until C．before D．when
【答案】D 【解析】先行词为the time，when引导定语从句。
30．It's said that he's looking for a new job，one ________ he can get more money to support his family.
A．when B．where C．that D．which
【答案】B 【解析】where相当于in which。
二、单句填空
1． The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ________his employees enjoy their work.
3. Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon ________ school education depends.
答案：which 本句为定语从句。引导词在定语从句中位于介词upon的后面作宾语，故用关系代词且指代先行词the fundamental skill，因此用which。
4．It is a truly delightful place, ______ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.
答案：which 此句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是place，定语从句中缺主语，故用关系代词which。句意：这真是一个宜人的地方，这里蜿蜒的小路和美丽的小村庄一定和100年前看起来是一模一样的。
5．The books on the desk，________covers are shiny，are prizes for us.
答案：whose 此句是非限制性定语从句，先行词为the books，________和covers之间存在所有关系，意为“书的封面”。句意：桌上的书是给我们的奖励，那些书的封面闪闪发光。根据语境填whose。
6．He wrote many children's books，nearly half of ______ were published in the 1990s.
答案：which 此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是children's books，定语从句中of缺少宾语，故填which。句意：他写了许多儿童书籍，差不多一半左右是在20世纪90年代出版的。
7．China Today attracts a worldwide readership，________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
9．Some passers-by witnessed the car accident ________ five passengers were killed, a baby included.
答案：where 句意为：一些路人目睹了这场事故，其中有五位乘客丧生包括一个婴儿。设空处引导定语从句，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。xk*w
10．“Spit-take” refers to an act ________ someone spits liquid out of his or her mouth when he or she hears something funny or surprising.
答案：where 句意为：“笑喷”是指一种行为：某人在听到有趣的或吃惊的事情后从嘴中喷出液体。设空处引导定语从句修饰act，引导词在从句中作地点状语，因此用where引导。
11．Cultural shock is a feeling _________most travelers experience in a foreign country ________ they find the culture is quite different from that of their own.
答案：which/that；where 句意为：文化冲击是一种大多数游客在外国会经历的感觉，在那里他们会感觉外国的文化和自己的(文化)有很大的不同。分析句子成分可知，两空均引导定语从句，第一空的先行词为a feeling，且在从句中作experience的宾语，因此用which引导；第二空的先行词为a foreign country，在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。
12．Tibet is such a place ______ all the people across the world are dreaming of visiting.
答案：as 句意为：西藏是一个全世界所有的人都梦想游览的地方。定语从句的先行词为a place，其前有such修饰，引导词应用关系代词as。
13．Dad decided to build a small tool room with a lock, ________ he would keep his best tools so my brother couldn't reach them.
答案：where 句意为：父亲决定建一个带锁的小工具室，把他最好的工具放到里面，这样我弟弟就不会拿到它们了。设空处引导定语从句；修饰先行词a small tool room，并在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导该定语从句。
14．In 2015, such important reform policies associated with the interests of the general public were introduced in China ________ almost each person could benefit from in life.
答案：as 句意为：在2015年，关系到公众利益的重要的改革政策被引进到中国，几乎每一个人都能从中受益。先行词policies前有such修饰，且引导词作介词from的宾语，因此用as引导。
15．We expect you to become someone of ________ we'll feel very proud in the future.
答案：whom 句意为：我们希望你将来能成为我们会为之骄傲的人。feel proud of意为“为……感到自豪”，引导词置于介词of后作宾语，且先行词为someone，指人，故填whom。
16．The movie Pompeii came out this February, ________ many people think brings a touching love story to the audience.
答案：which 句意为：电影《庞贝末日》在今年二月上映，许多人认为它为观众带来了一个令人感动的爱情故事。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词为the movie Pompeii，many people think为插入语，引导词在从句中作主语，故填which。
17．Anyone ________ upgrades their professional knowledge to a new level can apply for these courses.
答案：who 句意为：任何将专业知识更新到一个新水平的人都可以申请这些课程。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词anyone，且在定语从句中作主语，一般不用that，故用who引导。
18．Then he waved his hand in the direction from ________ the woman had called.
三、语法填空
There was a survey on __1__ teachers should receive presents from students among 500 teachers __2__(age) from 25 to 50. Ninety percent of them said that they would be bothered if they got presents from the students or their parents, most of __3__ hoped that parents can be rational and Teachers' Day should be made ordinary. From their point of view, the reason __4__ parents try every means to give presents to teachers is that they don't have enough faith __5__the teachers if they don't do that. They also suggested that Teachers' Day __6__(change) to “Teachers' and Students' Day”， __7__ can make teachers and students communicate more __8__(equal) and open-mindedly. What the teachers want most __9__(be) that all the celebration meetings should be cancelled and they are able to have a day off to do __10__ they want.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：
7．which 该词引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，指事物，所以应为which。
8．equally 根据and之后与其并列的open-mindedly判断该空用副词，修饰动词communicate。
9．is 所填词是句子的谓语，主语是what引导的从句，表示抽象意义，故用is。
10．what 所填词引导宾语从句并在从句中作want的宾语，故填what。
四、短文改错
Nowadays, after-class activities are becoming more and more popular in high schools. In our school, there are various kinds of activities and we enjoyed them very much. Playing football is my favorite, which do me lots of good, such as building my body and keeping me healthy. Beside, it also frees me from the heavy work of study.
Here I have some advices. To students, you'd better to choose the activities which interest you and suit you; to schools, they should organize more activities for students, leave students time for activities by giving them more homework.
Dear friends, please actively take part in after-class activities, what will not only make your school life colorfully, but also improve your learning.
答案：
Nowadays, after-class activities are becoming more and more popular in high schools. In our school, there are various kinds of activities and we them very much. Playing football is my favorite, which me lots of good, such as building my body and keeping me healthy. ， it also frees me from the heavy work of study.
Here I have some . To students, you'd better to choose the activities which interest you and suit you; to schools, they should organize more activities for students, students time for activities by giving them homework.
Dear friends, please actively take part in after-class activities, will not only make your school life ， but also improve your learning.
解析：
第七处：leave→leaving 分析句子结构可知，leave前是完整的句子，此处应用非谓语动词形式，leave与其逻辑主语之间为主动关系，故应用现在分词作伴随状语。
第八处：more→less 根据句意“布置更少的作业，给学生们时间活动”可知此处用little的比较级less。
第九处：what→which 分析句子结构可知，逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句，因此用which引导。
第十处：colorfully→colorful 此处为“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，应用形容词colorful修饰school life。
