课件69张PPT。外研版
高三年级(选修9)
Module 4Module 4
Language of the WorldIntroductionI speak Spanish to God, Italian to women, French to men, and German to my horse.
Charles V, Holy Roman
Emperor(1515-1558)What do you think of this sentence?
Do you know who was Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor?One legend about the beginning of different languages is as follows:
Originally, the whole earth was of one language. Greedy people from all over the world met in Babylon and set out to build a great tower, which was intended to reach heaven. Determined to make a “name” for themselves, they worked very hard to build it. And it became higher and higher. God was displeased with the unholy action and said: “Come, let us go down, and confuse them. They will not be able to speak the same language and they will not understand one another.” Suddenly all the people began to speak different languages. It is said that that was how different languages began to be spoken. It is said that that was how different languages were born.1. What is your mother tongue?
2. Do you speak a dialect of your country’s
official language?
3. Do you know any dialect words or
expressions?Read the definitions and answer the questions. official language: the main language of a
country
mother tongue: the main language you
learn as a child Notesdialect: a way of speaking a language by a
particular group; some dialects
simply use different words; other
dialects also use different grammarWork in groups and discuss your answers to the questions.1. In your opinion, which are the most important world languages? Give reasons.
2. Apart from English, which languages
would you like to learn or know more
about? Give your reasons.
3. What is the point of learning foreign languages?2. Approximately how many languages are
spoken by fewer than a thousand people?Read the information on page 43 and answer the questions.1. What percentage of world languages are
spoken in India?About 12%.1,750.3. How is it possible that there are more
English speakers in China than in the USA?Because the population of China is so much larger than that of the USA, and also because there are many immigrants in the USA who do not speak English.4. Why do you think only 100 words make up
half of all the words we use in conversation?
5. Why is Somalia unique?
Because they are the structure words which are used continuously in whatever we say (in English words like the, a, of, in, is, are).Because its entire population speaks the same language. Reading and Vocabulary Warming upOne legend about the beginning of different languages is as follows. Originally, the whole earth was of one language. Greedy people from all over the world met in Babylon and set out to build a great tower, which was intended to reach heaven. Determined to make a “name” for themselves, they worked very hard to build it.And it became higher and higher. God was displeased with the unholy action and said: “Come, let us go down, and confuse them. They will not be able to speak the same language and they will not understand one another.” Suddenly all the people began to speak different languages. It is said that is how different languages were born.1. What do you think the numbers after the names of the languages mean?
a. the number of people who live in a country where the language is spoken
b. the number of people who speak the language worldwideWork in groups. Look at the headings
of the passage and answer the questions.Fast reading2. Which of the names of the languages are also nationalities?2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 103. Do you know anything about the
countries where these languages are
spoken?open.Listen to the text carefully, and decide whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F).1. The quantity of people who can speak
English is more than 750 million.
2. Hindustani includes two dialects, of
which one is Hindi, and the other is
Arabic.TFCareful reading3. Spanish is spoken in almost every
country as well as in Spain.
4. There are two million Russian speakers
in the USA except in New York.
5. Millions of Americans can speak
Arabic.
6. Bengali is spoken as a native language in
Bangladesh.FFFT The total of 750 million English speakers 1 _______ people who speak it as a first or second language but not people who speak it as a foreign language. In some countries, English has 2 ____________, which usually means that business is done in English. includesspecial statusComplete the passage with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box.establish expand furthermore include overtake romantic roots special status3 ____________ the use of English has 4 _________ even more because 80% of Internet websites are in English. Unlike French, English doesn’t have its 5 _____ in Latin, although there are a lot of English words which come from Latin. FurthermoreexpandedrootsEnglish is not as 6 _________ a language as French, but it has 7 __________ itself as the world’s main language of international communication. However, the number of English speakers probably won’t 8 ________ the number of speakers of putonghua.establishedovertakeromantic Chinese
Mandarin one
billionRead the text carefully and complete the following chart.another 375Nearly 500dialectsLatinRussianUkraineMuslimsBengaliBritaingained independence176 millionthe most romanticCanada1. The western name for putonghua _____.
a. is the translation of the Chinese
word for magistrate
b. indicated that the language was
used by imperial mandarins
c. was used in the 19th centuryRead the passage again and choose the correct answers.Post reading2. 750 million is the total number of people who speak English ________.
a. as a first language
b. as a first or second language
c. as a foreign language3. Hindustani will never become the first
world language because ____.
a. the population of India will never
overtake the population of China
b. it includes a huge number of dialects
c. too many people speak English in India4. There are speakers of Arabic in non-Arabic
countries because ____ .
a. there are millions of Moslems in North
Africa and the Middle East
b. it’s one of the world’s oldest languages
c. it’s the language of Muslims5. Spanish, French, Italian and Portuguese
______.
a. have their roots in the same language
b. are more or less the same language
c. have a few similar words6. The use of Portuguese expanded ___.
a. because explorers used it
b. when it became the official language
of Brazil
c. after Portugal became independent7. The three languages spoken in the
Caribbean are ______.
a. Spanish, Arabic and English
b. French, Spanish and English
c. French, English and Portuguese8. The percentage of Bengali speakers in
Bangladesh _____.
a. is greater than the percentage of Bengali
speakers in India
b. is less than the percentage of Bengali
speakers in India
c. is less than the percentage of its speakers
in various other countriesChinese Mandarin, or putonghua, to give it its real name (或者确切的说), is spoken by the vast majority of the population of China.
2. It is estimated that (据估计) more than 375 million people speak English as a first language, with possibly another 375 million speaking it as a second language.Difficult sentences3. It is the official language, or has special status, in more than 75 countries, more than any other language.
4. It is predicted that (据预测) the population of India could one day overtake the population of China, but the importance of English in India would prevent Hindustani from becoming the most spoken language of the world.5. About 900 years ago, Portuguese was only spoken in Portugal, which was then under the control of its neighbouring country, Spain.
6. Indonesian is actually one of many dialects of Malay, but they’re all more or less based on the same root language.7. In addition to being spoken in France, it is spoken in many other countries, including Belgium, Switzerland, Canada, the African nations of Rwanda and Cameroon, and some islands in the Caribbean Sea.the population of India could one day overtake the population of China
将来印度的人口将超过中国
1) 赶上; 超过
e.g. The car _________ the truck.
小汽车超过了大卡车。overtook2) (灾难)突然降临, 压倒
e.g. She ____________by emotion and
started to cry.
她一时情绪难控,哭了起来。
A storm _________the children.
孩子们遇到了暴风雨。was overtakenovertook2. under the control of its neighboring country
在邻国的控制下
under the control of 在……的控制下
under在这里的意思是“在……中（的）；正被……（中）”，常构成的搭配有：
under construction （正在） 建设之 中; under control被控制住；
under repair在维修中； under discussion在讨论中; under consideration在考虑中 e.g. That bridge ______________________.
桥梁正在建设中 。
I’m glad to see that you have everything
_______________.
很高兴看到一切都在你控制之中。
You can’t use the car at present; it is
_____________.
你现在不能用这辆车，它正在修理 。is still under constructionunder controlunder repairA title for the new book is still
__________________.
新书的标题仍在讨论中。
There are several plans _________________.
有几个计划正在考虑中。 under discussionunder consideration【拓展】
under构成的短语还有：
under the care of在……的照顾下
under way在进行中
under the influence of受到……的影响
under the weather身体不适
under treatment在治疗中3. …, the use of Portuguese expanded all over the world.
葡萄牙语的使用扩展到世界各地。
1) expand可用作及物动词或不及物动词, 指通过展开、伸展的方式扩大，强调扩大范围, 尤其是在大小、数量等方面的增长。扩大的力量既可来自内部, 也可来自外部。同时，它也可用于商业方面, 指“发展(业务)”。e.g. Irons _________when it is heated.
铁遇热膨胀。
A student’s vocabulary expands through reading.
学生的词汇量通过阅读得到扩大。
We’ve expanded the business by opening two more stores.
我们增开了两个商店以扩展业务。expands2) n. expansion 扩充, 开展, 膨胀, 扩张物, 辽阔, 浩瀚
e.g. It was a time of _____________.
这是一个疆域扩张的时期。expansion【拓展】
expand on / upon sth. 详述，充分叙述，详细
阐明。
e.g. Could you expand on that point, please?
请你把那一点详细说明一下好吗? 4. they’re all more or less based on the same root language.
它们几乎都起源于一种语言。
1) more or less adv. 差不多; 或多或少
e.g. We hope our explanation will prove
_______________ helpful.
希望我们的说明或多或少有些帮助。more or less2) base sth. on /be based on
以……为基础；以……为依据
e.g. Their relationship was ____________
mutual respect.
他们的关系是以相互的尊重为基础的。
On what do you base your theory?
你的理论根据是什么? based upon【即学即练】
用base的适当形式或结构完成下列各句。
1. 他的报告是以欧洲六个不同城市的数据为基础的。
He ____________ his report __________ the figures from six different European cities.
2. 这部电影以一个真实的故事为素材。
The film is _____ _________ a true story.
3. 雕塑由水泥底座支撑。
The statue stands on a concrete _____.bases / based on / upon based on / upon base 1. It is estimated that more than 375 million
people speak English as a first language, with
possibly another 375 million speaking it as a
second language.
（P44）
【考点】 不定冠词a/an与序数连用时，
表示“再一，又一”。TEXT & TEST【考例】 In order to find ______ better job,
he decided to study ______ second foreign
language.
A. the; a B. a; a
C. the; the D. a; the
【点拨】 选B。第一个空表示泛指“一个更好
的工作”；第二个空表示“又一门语言”，两
个空都用不定冠词a。2. The United States has the largest number
of native English speakers — more than
226 million Americans speak it as a mother
tongue. （P44）
【考点】 the number of表示“……的数
量”，number前可用large，great，
small，significant，growing等词来修饰。【考例】 The school was moved out of
downtown as the number of students had
grown too ________.
A. small B. few C. 1arge D. many
【点拨】 选C。the number of 意为“……的数
量”，其作主语时，常用small，large或great
等来说明“数量”的大小，不用few或many，
根据句意可知选C。1. 听到他不能来的消息后, 我多少有些遗憾。
(more or less)
2. 我们能做些什么来防止这种疾病蔓延呢？
(prevent ... from)根据括号内的提示翻译下列句子。Hearing the news that he couldn’t come, I felt more or less regret.ExercisesWhat can we do to prevent the disease from spreading?3. 我没有在找房子，而且我也不打算找。
(furthermore)
4. 他除了参加培训班外，还得每天上班。
(in addition)
I’m not looking for a house. Furthermore, I’m not going to look for one.He is taking a training course. In addition, he has to go to work every day.5. 我们玩得很开心，可就是天气不太好。
(apart from)
6. 她除了在学校任教外, 还参加一些社会活
动。(as well as)
We had a pleasant time, apart from the weather.She takes part in some social activities as well as teaching in school.用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空。refer to ... as ..., on average, be based on, more or less, make a copy of ...,
no more than,
pass ... from generation to generation1. Oh, Sir, do you think I can
_______________ this to put into my article?make a copy of 2. I was ____________ pitiful at the news that he couldn’t come.
3. We should ____ on the fine tradition of hard struggle __________________
___________.
4. Though they think it takes ____________
three days to fulfill the task, I believe it takes not less than six days.more or lesspass from generation to generationno more than 5. The brightest future will always
___________ a forgotten past.
6. He often studies late into the night so I
always ______ him ___ a bookworm.
7. The CEA calculates that, ___________,
parents have 22 hours less a week to
spend with their children than they did 30
years ago.be based on refer to ason average Homework做WORKBOOK上Vocabulary的练习。课件59张PPT。外研版
高三年级(选修9)
Module 4Module 4
Language of the WorldLanguage in Useget + 宾语
e.g. I’m going to get some milk.
Is there anything else we get?
get + 形容词
e.g. It’s getting late and I’m getting tired.get / got 常用句型have + got
e.g. I have got a lot of English books.
get + 状语
e.g. What time did you get home?
get +宾语（人）+宾语（物）
e.g. I got David a DVD for his birthday.
Can you get me a coffee?get + 过去分词
常用的过去分词: rid (of), lost, involved
(in/with), married, dressed, stuck, lost等。
e.g. I got robbed last night.
When did you get married?
get (+宾语) + V-ed
e.g. We’re getting the kitchen repaired.get (+宾语) + V-ing
e.g. We’d better get moving.
It took ages to get the car going.get + to do
常连用的动词不定式有：to know, to hear, to see
e.g. Did you get to see the ruins?
She always gets to meet interesting people. get + 宾语 + to do
e.g. Can you get Tim to tidy his room?
习惯搭配
常与get 连用的副词有：away, back, in, on, out, over
e.g. The dog got away from me in the park.get it = understand
e.g. I didn’t get it. Why has the traffic
stopped?
He told me a joke but I didn’t get it.
to get there = to achieve your goal
e.g. It’s not perfect, but we are getting there. 固定用法Decide which of the main meanings of get is illustrated in each of the sentences.Exercises1. Did you get my email?
2. Can you get me some stamps, please?
3. When you get older, your hair
turns grey.
4. We’re getting married next June.
5. Can you help me get this heavy box inside?6. I’ll see if I can get him to change his mind.
7. Have you got a dictionary?
8. The teacher says we’re got to finish this
essay by tomorrow.
9. Get away from there – it’s dangerous!
10. Stop! I have to get off the bus here.(a) to receive, obtain, fetch.
(b) to suggest some sort of change or
development
(c) to cause to change, cause to become, etc.
(d) to refer to possession, relationship or
obligation
(e) to suggest some kind of movement1, 23, 467, 85, 9, 10have/has + V-ed
常连用的副词(位于过去分词前)有：
already, never, always, just, also, now, ever, only, recently, actually等；
常连用的状语有：
yet, before, once, for … yeas, since have / has 常用句型e.g. Jack has climbed the Mount Tai.
Have you ever been on TV?
Our taxi has arrived.
情态动词+have +V-ed
e.g. I must have left my umbrella on
the train.
You could have hurt yourself.have / has +been + V-ing
e.g. He has been working since he got up.
have/has +to do
doesn’t/don’t +have +to do
e.g. In the UK you have to drive on the left.
You don’t have to wear a tie; it’s an
informal dinner.have/has + 宾语 + V-ed
e.g. I’d like to have this photo enlarged.
How often do you have your hair cut?可以与许多名词构成大量固定用法
如饭菜、饮料: have lunch/ a snack / something to eat / a sandwich/beer/a cup of coffee;
事情: have a meeting/a party/a lesson/ a chat;
经历: have fun/a good time/ a laugh/ a a bad day / an accident / an operation;
日常生活: have a bath/a rest/a walkhave/has + 宾语
e.g. He has an apartment in the city.I/you have to admit = to speak honestly
e.g. I have to admit I don’t know the first
thing about computers.
You have to admit she’s talented. 固定用法Match the sentences with the explanations. Exercises(a) as an auxiliary verb with a main verb, to
talk about things that happened in the past.
(b) with an object and verb form, with the
meaning “to refuse to accept something”.
(c) with to + infinitive, to show obligation or
lack of obligation
(d) with a direct object to refer to put an
action in effect(e) as an auxiliary verb with a main verb, to
talk about actions that began in the past
and are still true in the present
(f) with an object and preposition to form a
phrasal verb
(g) with a direct object to refer to different
states, e.g. possession, relationship, etc. ( in
British English often with got, e.g. have got)
(h) with an object and verb form, with the
meaning “to cause someone to do
something or something to be done”She has studied English since she was five.
2. When I started high school, I had already learnt to speak English and Russian.
3. What time did you have dinner last night?
4. How many English lessons have you got
a week?eadg5. In most countries in Europe, students
have to study at least two languages.
Where did you have your hair cut?
I won’t have you talking to me so rudely.
8. Let’s have the neighbours round for
dinner soon.hbfcbe动词，have/has, 助动词, 情态动词+ not + …1) He is not a doctor.
2) I can not skate.
3) We will not go there.
4) I have not many
French novels.not(wh) + is/ are + n’t +宾语+？
(wh) + (first) auxiliary +n’t
+主语+动词+？1)Why isn’t Anna here?
2) Why don’t you go to the wedding?don’t+动词原形Don’t be inconsiderate
–don’t smoke here!not + V-ingnot + to doShe was silent, not
knowing what to say.Try not to think about it.I think / suppose/
hope +not–Is it going to rain?
–I hope not.not+ all/ many/
much+主语Not all sharks are
dangerous.常用的副词+ not/n’t 结构: certainly not, maybe not, probably not, perhaps not, of course not, still not等Maybe things will improve, but then again, maybe not.常用的not/n’t+副词
结构: not necessarily,
not even, not really,
not yet, not exactly, not fully, not merely, not possibly, not quite等– It’s cheaper to buy a flat than a house.
– Not necessarily.if not, …
要不是/如果没有……Do you have any
tomatoes? If not, I’ll buy some.not only… (but) also too …
不但…… 而且…… The flat is not only
gorgeous, but it has a
stunning view.
2) Not only does he sing,
he can dance, too.Choose the best replies to the question. Exercise(a) Not before 10 a.m
(b) Not me.
(c) Not yet.
(d) I hope not.
(e) Sorry, I haven’t.
(f) Not at all!
(g) Not since last summer.What time should I arrive at the meeting?
2. Would you mind helping me with this
homework?
Have you got a pencil to lend me?
4. Do you think it’s going to rain?
5. Are you ready to go?
6. Who did that?
7. Dose Mrs Choy still teach at this college?edcbgafVery small children do (1) ____ usually (2) ____ problems learning their mother tongue. They (3) _________ no formal lessons in how to learn a language, yet very quickly they(4) ____ the idea that they need to speak in order to communicate. nothaveComplete the passage with have /
has, get / got, not, and /or any other necessary words.getget/ haveIn the early stages, babies (5) ____ to make sense of the world around them. Their only words are cries which make sure they are going to (6) ____ fed and cared for. Soon babies start to make other noises and sounds and after a while they can (7) ____ a “conversation” with other people.
After this, babies start to experiment with different sounds that begin to resemble speech. gethavehaveBefore he or she (8) ____ reached his or her fist birthday, a baby repeats sounds like “ma-ma-ma-ma-ma”. If parents do (9) ____ talk to their babies, they will (10) ____ learn as quickly. First, babies listen to adults talking, then they start to copy what they hear. As they (11) ____ older, they start to learn real words and around the age ofnotnothasgetthree a child (12) ____ already (13) ____ an active vocabulary of more than 1,000 words. By the time he or she (14) ____ to school, this has probably increased to 4,000 – 5,000 words.hasgotgetssome+复数或不可数名词 There are some
more cups on the top shelf.
2) I bought some paint
for the kitchen.some/anywould you like/
do you want etc. +some+复数或不可数名词+?1) Would you like some
more pasta?
2) Shall I order some
firewood?some+of+名词1) Some of the seats were
empty.
2) I can take some of
you in my car.some+可数名词1) Some man phoned.
2) I read it in some
newspaper.常被some修饰的不可数名词：
information, advice, evidence, accommodation, experience, help,
knowledge, news, progress, research,
success, work等The doctor
gave me some
advice on
health issues.常被some修饰的具体不可数名词有: money, furniture, software, traffic, meat, chicken, cheese, rice, bread, water, wine, coffee, sugar, milk等They’re trying to save some money so that they’ll have a holiday.some more = an extra amount of
somethingThe fruit salad is delicious. Would you like some more?some time=a
fairly long
period of timeHe lived in China for some time. Match the sentences with the explanations. Some is generally used in affirmative
sentences.
(b) Any is usually used in questions and
negative sentences.
(c) Some is used in questions where we
expect an affirmative answer.
(d) Any is sued in sentences with negatives
like never, hardly, etc. In sentences with if, both some and any
are possible.
(f ) Some is used when we are talking about
indefinite quantities.
(g) Some is sued with singular uncountable
nouns, suggesting “unknown”.
Before a determiner (my, the, these, etc)
we use some of or any of.1. Would you like some more tea?
2. I haven’t got any more money.
3. He never gives us any homework on Fridays.
If you need any/some help, please ask.
5. There were some very famous people at the
party.cbb, def6. – Any more wine?
– Thanks. I’ve already got some.
7. Some of my best friends are from that
neighbourhood.
8. She’s gone on holiday to some villa or
other.bahg1. adj./adv.的比较
级(+n.) +than+
从句
2. adj./adv.的比较
级(+n.)+than+
名词/V-ingThe city was much
less chaotic than I
expected.
2. Madonna can sing better than she can act.than3. adj./adv.的比较级
(+n.) + than + adj.
/adv./介词 短语。
用于本句型中than
后的形容词和过去
分词有：3. William is a bit
older than me.
4. Emailing is so much
easier than writing
letters.normal, usual,
average, expected,
predicted等；
副词有：before,
ever, then, no等。5. Jennifer seemed less
talkative than usual.
6. In those days people
were more friendly
than now.would rather
+动词原形+thanother和 rather常与than连用I’d rather go to the movies than go bowling.1. We didn’t have time to
see much, other than the
main monuments.
2. I think it was a case
of stupidity rather than
bravery.More often than not he’ll be wearing odd socks.more often than
not = usuallybetter late than never
迟到总比不来好– I’m sorry I’m late.
– Better late than
never. He’s older than me.
2. More people speak Chinese than English.
Decide what or who is being compared in these sentences.ExerciseAges.The number of people.3. I find listening to English more difficult
than reading it.
4. I’ve learnt more new words this year than
ever.
Listening and reading.The number of new words learnt.词/短语+but
(+not)+词/短语 I got the bread but not
the milk.
2) They played well but not well enough.but句子+but+句子 She threw a party but only two people came.
2) I’d love to come to dinner, but I’ll be away. The computer is not only slow, but it crashes all the time.
2) He’s not only a brilliant musician, but also a talented cook.not only+词/短语+but(+also)+词/短语 He does nothing but
complain about his salary.
2) I’ll eat anything but cucumbers.作介词时but常与no one, anything,
anyone等词连用yes, but谈话中表示不同意见–The movie was good,
wasn’t it?
–Yes, but it was too
long.I’m sorry, but / I’d love to, but 引出表示歉意的话语–Would you like to
come with us?
–I’d love to, but I’m
just far too busy.but for = except for/if it hadn’t
been for Everyone’s ready but for Henry.
2) But for John, I don’t know what I would
have done.all but =almost completelyThey had all but given up hope of rescue. Decide if but shows contrast
between two ideas, or if it means
“except” in these sentences.Exercise1. I like swimming but I don’t like
running.
2. There was nobody home but me.3. We’ve done nothing but revise all week.
4. He did nothing but criticise me.
5. She is intelligent, but she refuses to do
any work.Contrast between two ideas: 1, 5
“except”: 2, 3, 41______people find English more difficult to learn 2_____French. 3_____many English words have French origins. 4______of the words we use every day in English are identical to their French equivalents, like park and table. Others are very similar, 5_____for a few spelling and pronunciation changes over the centuries. Complete the passage with some, than or but.SomethanButSomebutFood words are 6_____of the most commonly used “French” words, e.g. beef, pork, mutton.
Many words for cooking are also of French origin: roast, boil fry, etc. 7______say, 8_____ for the Norman invasions, the English would still be ordering ox, pig and sheep from the menu. And there again, what could be more French 9 _____ the words menu, restaurant, chef ? Somebutsomethan10______ it is wrong to assume that English has adopted more words from French11 ____ the other way round. There are 12 _____ words in French today that are direct adoptions of English words: le weekend, le bar, le club, le picnique, for example. someButthanIn 1977 the French passed a law forbidding the use of these “Anglicisms”. 13 ____ will they succeed in stopping something that is a natural process in language usage? We can 14 ____ wait and see.ButbutHomework复习Get/ Got, Have/ Has, Not, Some /Any, Than, But，了解它们的用法，做 WORKBOOK上 Language in use 1-3的练习题。课件15张PPT。外研版
高三年级(选修9)
Module 4Module 4
Language of the WorldListening and VocabularyWork in small groups. The following words and expressions came into the English language from French, Chinese, Arabic or Spanish. Use a dictionary to check the meaning of the words and expressions you don’t know. algebra n. 代数学 alligator n. 短吻鳄
chocolate n. 巧克力 chow mein 炒面
garage n. 车库 hotel n. 旅馆
kiosk n.凉亭，亭子 silk n. 丝绸
tomato n. 西红柿 tornado n.龙卷风
zero n. 零度French: garage, hotel
Chinese: chow mein, silk
Arabic: algebra, kiosk, zero
Spanish: tomato, tornado,
alligator, chocolateWork in groups and discuss the questions. 1) Which of the following are likely to cause
words to enter a language
(a) trade and business
(b) invasion by another country
(c) tourism
(d) foreign literature and songs2) Do you think it is good for a language to have “loan words” (words from other languages)?Open.1. examples of Chinese loan words2. examples of Arabic loan wordsListen to a lecture on loan words in English. Check the topics that are mentioned. 3. the original meanings of Spanish
loan words4. the influence of Native American words on Spanish loan words5. how some loan word change their form and others don’t6. the invasions of Britain by the Romans and the NormansRead the words from the lecture and choose their correct meanings. 1 One of the ways new words enter languages is through invasions by other countries or groups. This means _____.
(a) taken by force (b) immigration
2 … through the mostly Cantonese
immigrants. This means ____.
(a) people who left their countries.
(b) people who came into a new country
and settled there3 … early Arab scholarship in these fields was quite advanced. This means ______.
(a) areas of study
(b) areas of the country
4 There are about 20,000 loan words in
common use in English.
This means ________.
(a) borrowed
(b) regularly used5 … these words make up about a quarter of the words we use regularly …
This means ______.
(a) more than half
(b) less than halfListen to the lecture again and make notes about details of the topics in Activity 3. Homework课件52张PPT。外研版
高三年级(选修9)
Module 4Module 4
Language of the WorldReading & SpeakingWarming up1. In which eight countries are half of all the
languages in the world spoken?
2. How often does one language die in the
world?
3. What kind of language can be called a
healthy one?4. What is the present situation of the Udihe,
Eyak, and Arikapu language?
5. What’s the danger of the dying out of a
language? Work in pairs and answer the questions.1) Read the title of the passage. What is it
about?
2) Look at the photos and guess what
languages the people speak.Fast readingListen to the passage and check the true statements.1) There are hundreds of languages spoken by only a small number of people.
2) In some countries there are hundreds of different languages spoken.
3) English is the only language spoken in Australia.TTFCareful reading4) Languages are becoming extinct more quickly than birds and animals are.
5) The world is dominated by ten languages.
6) As long as enough children continue to
learn a language, it will survive.
7) 100 speakers is enough for a language to
stay alive.TFTF8) A lot of information about a culture is lost when a language dies.
9) The world is no longer a linguistically diverse place.
10) A lot of people are worried about the possibility of languages disappearing. FTT Read the passage and rewrite
the sentences.1. Half of all the languages in the world are spoken in just eight countries.
The population of eight countries _________________________________ _______.speak half of all the languages in the world2. Half of all languages are spoken by fewer than 2,500 people each.
Only 2,500 _________________________.
3. Between 3,500 and 6,000 languages
and dialects could become extinct by
2100.
By the year 2100 ______________________
_____________________________________
_____________. speak half of all languages between 3,500 and 6,000 languages and dialects could become extinct4. The definition of a healthy language is one that acquires new speakers.
If new speakers ___________________ _________________________________.
5. Languages need at least 100,000 speakers to pass from generation to generation. A hundred thousand _______________ _________________________________ _________________________________. are acquired then a
language is defined as (being) healthy speakers are needed/necessary for a language to pass from generation to generation6. No matter how many adults use the language, if it isn’t passed to the next generation, it cannot survive.
Even if __________________________ ______________________________________________.
7. “I’m the last person that can speak our language.”
“No one______________________________ many adults use a language, it cannot survive if it isn’t passed to the next generation else but me can speak our language.8. Rich sources of material for documenting
a people’s history are lost.
It becomes more difficult _____________
__________________________________
___________________. to document a
people’s history when rich sources of
material are lost1. …on average, one language dies every two weeks.
1) average作名词时，意为：①平均数；②平均水平（常用短语：on average 平均；above / below average高于/低于平均水平）。
e.g. _______________4, 8, and 60 is 24.
4、8和60的平均数是24。The average of___________, men earn more than women.
通常来说，男人挣的钱仍然要比女人多。
On average, we spend 33minutes a week standing in queues.
通常来说，我们一周花33分钟站队。On average2) average作形容词时， 意为：①平均的；②典型的，正常的；③一般的，普通的。
e.g. The age of the candidates ranged
from 29 to 49 _____________________.
从29到49之间的候选人的平均年
龄是37岁。
He was in his late twenties and of
average height.
他二十多岁，中等身高。with an average age of 373) average作动词时，意为“平均为”。
e.g. The airport averages about a
thousand flights a month.
这个机场平均为一个月一千航班。
He is the only NBA player who
averaged over 50 points per game for
an entire season.
他是唯一的NBA球员，整个赛季平均
每场50分。2. Languages are becoming extinct at twice the rate of endangered mammals and four times the rate of endangered birds.
倍数表示法：①倍数+ as + 形容词或副词的原级 + as；②倍数+ the size / length / width / height ... + of；③倍数 + 形容词或副词的比较级 + than。 e.g. This lake is __________________
that one.
这个湖是那个湖的两倍。
This lake is ___________________that one.
这个湖是那个湖面积的两倍大
There are _________________ girls ___
boys.女孩的人数是男孩人数的三倍。two times as large astwo times the size ofthree times as manyas3. If this trend continues, the world of the future could be dominated by no more than 10 languages.
trend
1) n. 倾向, 趋势
e.g. _________________ is towards more
part-time employment.
目前的趋势倾向于临时工作。 The current trend2) v. 伸向, 倾向, 通向
e.g. The prevailing wind ________east-
northeast.
强风转向东北偏东方向。 trends4. The outlook is particularly bleak.
outlook
n. 景色, 风光, 观点, 见解, 展望, 前景
e.g. He’s got a good _________on life
and the world.
他有一个良好的人生观和世界观。
She still has an optimistic outlook
for the future.
她仍旧对未来抱有乐观的态度。 outlookThe outlook for sufferers from this disease is bleak.
患此病的病人恢复的希望渺茫。
We can get a ____________________ from the bedroom window.
我们可以从卧室的窗口看到非常宜人的风景。very pleasing outlook5. When a language dies, rich sources of material for documenting a people’s history are lost.
document
1) n. 公文, 文件, 文档, 档案, 文献
e.g. Let me see all _____________________
concerning the sale of this land.
让我看看有关出售这块土地的官方文件。
Save the document before closing.
在关闭文档前存盘。the official documents 2) v. 证明
e.g. His research ____________how the debt
crisis occurred.
他的研究将引用文件证明债务危机是如
何发生的。 will document考点点拨 考例回顾1. .. and four times the rate of endangered birds.
【考点】
英语中倍数的表达方法有：
（1） ...... 倍数 + 形容词或副词的比较级 + than ... 。
e.g. The car runs twice faster than that truck.
这辆小汽车的速度是那辆卡车的两倍。(2) … ... 倍数 + as + 形容词或副词的原
级 + as ... 。
e.g. This river is three times as long as
that one.
这条河是那条河的三倍长。(3) …... 倍数 + the size / length / width /
height / depth / weight ... + of ... 。
e.g. The whale is more than four times the
weight of an adult elephant.
这只鲸鱼的重量是一头成年大象重量
的四倍多。(4) … ... 倍数 + more + n. + than ... 。
e.g. There are four times more students in
our school than in yours.
我们学校的学生是你们学校学生的四
倍。(5) … ... 倍数 + as many / much + n. +
as ... 。
e.g. There is three times as much oil
in this pot as in that one.
这个壶里的油是那个壶里的三倍。(6) …... 倍数 + that of + 比较对象 ...... 。
e.g. The output of refrigerators this year is
three times that of last year.
今年冰箱的产量是去年的三倍。【考例】
Ten years ago the population of our
village was ______ that of theirs.
A. as twice large as
B. twice as large as
C. twice as much as
D. as twice much as
【点拨】选B。倍数表达法之一: 倍数
+ as + 形容词或副词原级 + as。2. Another estimate states that on average,
one language dies every two weeks. (P49）
【考点】 on average意为“平均起来”。
average用作名词，意为“平均，平均数”。【考例】
Last year the number of students who
graduated with a driving licence reached
200,000, a(n) ________ of 40,000 per year.
A. average B. number
C. amount D. quantity【点拨】 选A。句意为“去年毕业的有驾驶执照的学生的数量达到20万,平均每年4万名学生”。an average of ... ……的平均数，符合题意。a number of, an amount of, a quantity of 均表示“许多，大量”，不符合题意。3. ...，it is endangered as soon as children stop
learning it. （P49）
【考点】 as soon as意为“一 …… 就 …… ”，
引导时间状语从句。【考例】
Just use this room for the time being, and
we’ll offer you a larger one ________ it
becomes available.
A. as soon as B. unless
C. as far as D. until【点拨】 选A。句意为“您暂时先用这个房间，一有大房间，我们就提供给您”。as soon as一……就……,符合句意。unless除非；as far as就……而言；until直到……。Post readingWork in groups and discuss your answers to the questions.1. Is English the most important foreign
language in China?
2. If so, are you happy about this, or would
you prefer to learn another foreign
language?3. Which of the following arguments about
English do you think are important in
China? Are any of them irrelevant in the
society?
It’s easy to speak and understand English
compared with other foreign languages.
Science books are written in English.
American TV shows and Hollywood movies
dominate TV and cinema screens. Computer books are written in English.
The Internet is mainly in English.
There are a lot of classic English /
American pop songs and there are always
new English- speaking bands on television.Read the questions and make a note of the following:Chinese loan words I know in EnglishEnglish loan words I know in ChineseLoan words from other languages in ChineseNow compare your ideas with another student.Presentation SkillsWriting a letter to a newspaperRead the letter and answer the questions.Why does the writer think it doesn’t matter if languages become extinct?
2. What are the advantages of there being only a few main languages according to the writer?
Because if everyone speaks a few languages it will be better for the world’s economic development.Economic development.3. Why does the writer think that small languages are no longer useful?Because most communications are in English or the world’s other main languages.Underline the main points in the letter. Write a sentence for each one that gives the opposite point of view.The majority of the world’s books, newspapers, movies, music, etc. are in English, or if not in English, one of the world’s other main languages.
However, the fact that there are books etc. in many other languages allows us to experience things which do not exist in the main languages.Most of the world’s academic books are in English.
This is true, as far as international subjects like medicine and physics are concerned, but if you want to study something local or regional, you need other languages.Write a letter in response to Mr Morgan’s letter. Say that you disagree with him. Use these points to help you:Major languages should not dominate smaller ones.
If small languages die out, then their cultures will die out with them.It’s not fair that everyone has to learn English. Not everyone is good at learning languages.Agreeing and disagreeingPresentation skillsWriting a letter to a newspaper
Remember that letters to a newspaper usually refer to a topic which has already been published, so you don’t need to give too much background information.The style of a letter to a newspaper does not have to be very formal. Don’t write too much. You should keep the letter short and clear or it won’t be published! Say what you are writing about in the first sentence.HomeworkWrite a paragraph saying what you find easy about learning English and a paragraph saying what you find challenging.课件45张PPT。外研版
高三年级(选修9)
Module 4Module 4
Language of the WorldReading Practice1) Have you ever heard of the saying “knowledge is power”?
Do you know who said this?
2) How much do you know about Francis Bacon? What was his nationality?
3) What was he famous for?
4) What contribution did he make to science?Warming upWork in pairs. Read the quotation by Francis Bacon and answer the questions.Activity 1Reading maketh 1 a full man; conference 2 a ready man; and writing an exact man.
1. makes 2. discussionFast reading1. What do you think this means?
2. Do you agree?
3. Is there a similar idea expressed by a
Chinese thinker?Which was Bacon most enthusiastic about: science, art or learning.Read Francis Bacon: An Introduction and answer the questions.Science.Activity 2Careful reading3) How does the Baconian method work? You use reason to interpret nature and to establish facts.Because he was an expert in several fields.2) Why is Bacon referred to as Renaissance
man?Read From of Studies and mark a
line to separate the six main ideas.Activity 3Example: … is in the judgment, and
disposition of business. / For
expert men can excuse,…Lines between:
1 business./ For 2 learned./ To
3 experience./ Crafty
4 observation./ Read
5 consider./ Some 6 things./ ReadingActivity 4It’s best to read critically and selectively. Only a few books need to be read carefully and completely. Other books can be read and summarised or quoted by other people, but only for less important matters.
b) We study for pleasure, for discussion and for work.Number the sentences in the order.c) But too much study for its own sake leads to laziness.
d) Study can cultivate your natural abilities, but it also needs experience to make the best of it.
e) Men of learning are better at government
and management than experts.
f) While some men reject study or admire it,
the wise man uses it for his own purposes. b) 2. e) 3. c ) 4. f) 5. d) 6. a)Ornament means decoration. How can you use studies for decoration?
2) A plot is a plan. What might learned men plot?
Activity 5Answer the questions about some words with 17th century meanings.To “decorate” your life with pleasant ideas.Their studies, their future actions.3) Sloth is a personal characteristic.
Is it likely to be a positive or negative
characteristic?
4) A humour is a state of mind which is
motivated by personal feelings, and not
reason. Does it have a positive or
negative meaning here?
Negative (laziness).Negative.5) Crafty means skilful. Does it have a
positive or a negative meaning here?6) Read by deputy means that a book is read
and interpreted by someone else. When
might this be useful?Negative.If you don’t have time to read it yourself.Post readingWork in pairs and answer the questions.Activity 61. studies serve for delight, for ornament,
and for ability.
Crafty men condemn studies, simple men
admire them, and wise men use them.Some books are to be tasted, others to be
swallowed, and some few to be chewed and
digested.
In what way do these sentences have a similar style? Can you find other examples? What affect do they have?2. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to
use them too much for ornament, is affectation;
to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the
humour of a scholar.
Read not to contradict and confute; nor to
believe and take for granted; nor to find talk
and discourse; but to weigh and consider.
What grammatical structure do these
sentences both have? Does it make the passage
sound like a well-reasoned argument, or like a
set of instructions or advice?3. Do you think the passage is written to be
read silently or to be read aloud, like a
speech? Try reading the passage silently and
then aloud. Which do you prefer?
4. which of the words that Bacon uses in the
passage can you use to describe it?delight ornament affectation
learned argument5. Did you enjoy reading the passage? Can
you explain why or why not?Work in pairs and discuss your answers to the questions.Activity 61. Do you follow Bacon’s advice when you
study and read books?
2. Can you think of circumstances when you
should read books for purposes with which
he disagrees?3. Do you think that you always know when or
how the knowledge that you acquire from
books can be used?
4. If you quote the sentence you learnt, to
demonstrate your knowledge of English, will
you be “crafty”, “simple” or “wise”?1. It’s essential to free oneself from false ideas which might distort the truth.
distort vt.
弄歪(嘴脸等), 扭曲, 歪曲(真理、事实等), 误报Language Pointse.g. That newspaper accounts of international
affairs ________________________.
那家报纸对国际事件的刊载有时是歪曲
事实的。are sometimes distorted2. disposition of business
1) 部署
e.g. the disposition of furniture in a room
房间里家具的布置2) 性格倾向
e.g. The twin sisters _____________________.
这一对孪生姐妹有一种乐天的性格。 have a happy disposition3) 倾向; 意向
e.g. There was a general disposition to ignore the problem.
人们一般都忽视了这个问题。
The disposition of sugar to dissolve in water.
糖易溶于水中的特性。Cultural Corner Warming upComputer viruses are dangerous!Read the passage quickly and answer the following questions. What is a computer virus?
2. How many serious viruses are mentioned in this passage?
3. What are they? When and where did each of them happen?Fast readingfooled many peopleIn March 1999Disabled an estimated quarter of a million personal computers in South KoreaOn the 26th April 1999In the spring of 2000Affected millions of computers and caused more damage In 2003Infected one in 17 of all emails around the world within 48 hours of its creation Read the passage and answer the questions. Why are computer viruses dangerous?
How do computer viruses spread around the world?
Because they can destroy the files and information you have on your computer.They enter personal computers through emails and chat rooms.Careful readingPost readingWhat should we do to prevent our computers from being infected by viruses? …an email message containing an infected attachment,…
The infection affected millions of computers…
infect vt.
1) 传染; 使感染 ( infect sb./ sth. with
sth.)Language Pointse.g. One of the boys in the class had a fever and he soon infected other children.
班上的一个孩子发烧了, 不久他就传染上了其他孩子。
Police have sealed off ____________of the country.
警方已将全国各感染区封锁了。infected areas 2) 感染；影响
e.g. Mary’s high spirits __________all the
girls in the class.
玛丽振奋的精神感染了班上所有的女
孩子。infection n. 感染；传染；污染; 传染病
e.g. People catch all kinds of _____________
in the winter.
冬天人们易患多种传染病。infectedinfections2. On the 26th April 1999, the Chernobyl virus disabled an estimated quarter of a million personal computers in South Korea alone.
disable vt.
使残废, 使失去能力, 丧失能力e.g. He _____________in the accident.
他在事故中受重伤。
An accident disabled him from playing
football.
一场意外事故使他不能踢球。was disabled3. …caused more damage than any other computer virus had ever done.
1) n. 损害, 伤害; (用复数)赔偿金; （前面与the连用）价钱
e.g. The storm ______________________
____________.
暴风雨使庄稼受到了很大损失。 did a lot of damage to
the cropsThe court awarded ￡500 in damages
to the injured.
法庭判给受伤者500英镑的赔偿费。
What are the damage for the wash job
of my car?
清洗我的车要多少钱？2) v. 招致损害
e.g. The earthquake ___________several
buildings.
地震使一些建筑受到了破坏。damagedPreparing a talk about your mother tongue.Homework Work in groups. Imagine that you are preparing a talk to native English speakers who are thinking about learning your mother tongue. What aspect of the language do you
think they will find:
most difficult
easiest
most interesting
most different from EnglishThink about the differences and similarities between English and your mother tongue:
pronunciation
spelling
writing
spoken forms
grammar
