2017-2018学年高中英语人教版选修8（课下能力提升+教学案）：Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors

　　
Ⅰ.Match the word with its meaning.
1．alternative　A．the branch of anthropology that studies prehistoric people and their cultures
2．tentative B．in spite of everything; disregarding drawbacks
3．interrupt C．uncertain; hesitant
4．sharpen D．the choice between two mutually exclusive possibilities
5．ample E．to take for granted; accept without proof; suppose
6．archaeology F．to break the continuity or uniformity of sth.
7．assume G．large in degree, kind, or quantity
8．regardless H．to make or become sharp or sharper
9．accuracy I．dirty, confused, or untidy
10．messy J．the quality of being correct or true
答案：1～5　DCFHG　6～10　AEBJI
Ⅱ.Write down the meaning of phrases in each sentence.
1．According to the study of the objects from ancient times, let's compare the life at that time with ours.把……和……相比较
2．An archaeologist is showing students from England around the cave.领某人参观
3．He dropped out of the university regardless of his parents' opposition.不管；不顾
4．The needle that was used by the primitive people is at most 3 centimeters long.至多；最多
5．The primitive people hung animal skins at the cave mouth to keep out the cold in winter.关在门外；不准入内
6．He was badly cut up by the death of his son.悲伤，痛心
Are you familiar with these pictures? Can you say something about the people in the pictures?
①They are primitive people.
②To make a living, they had to hunt, make a fire to keep warm, pick fruits and make some stone or bone tools.
Ⅰ.Fast-reading
1．Read the text quickly and fill in the blanks.
The text is about a guided trip some students from (1)England made to the Zhoukoudian caves, from which they learned a lot about the (2)life of the earliest people living there.
2．Find out the three topics that are talked about in the passage.
Topic 1：Life in the cave
Topic 2：Needle
Topic 3：Necklace
Ⅱ.Careful-reading
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1．The earliest people in the Zhoukoudian caves might keep themselves warm by the following EXCEPT .
A．digging large caves to live in groups
B．wearing clothes made from animal skins
C．constructing fireplaces in the center of the caves
D．hanging animal skins at the entrance of the caves
2．Which statement is NOT true of the earliest people in the Zhoukoudian caves according to the text?
A．They learned to fight against wild animals.
B．They mainly fed on fruit and animals
C．There existed some trade between them.
D．They wore beads around necks to scare wild animals.
3．Which of the following is the correct order about how the earliest people made clothes?
a．clean the fat and meat from the skin
b．cut up the animals
c．rub salt inside the skin
d．remove the skin
e．sew the pieces together
A．b－d－c－a－e　B．b－d－a－c－e
C．b－a－d－c－e D．b－a－c－d－e
4．We can infer that the earliest people in the caves were very .
A．stupid and cruel B．idle and lazy
C．clever and hard-working D．busy and rich
答案：1～4　ADBC
Ⅲ.Study-reading
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．You must be aware that it's here that we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译]　你们想必都清楚，正是在这个地方，我们找到了居住在世界上这个地区最早的人类的证据。
2．We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter.
[尝试翻译]　我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰，几乎有六米厚，这意味着他们可能整个冬天都在烧火。
3．Yes, indeed, as the botanical analyses have shown us, all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.
[句式分析]　本句是复合句。as引导非限制性定语从句，表示“正如”，先行词是后面的整个主句all the fields ...lake。
[尝试翻译]　是的，很对。植物学分析结果告诉我们，这儿四周曾经是一个很大的浅水湖。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　[对应学生课下能力提升(十七)]
阅读理解
A
I will be the first to say that I am not materialistic. My friends regard me as a goody-goody. My parents say I am conservative (保守的) and modest when it comes to clothes. None of my skirts or shorts end above my knees. That is my choice.
So why, why did I feel so attracted? My family and I were in a shopping mall, and there it was, waiting — a skirt specifically designed not to cover anything. It looked like something one of those modern schoolgirls would wear.
I checked my purse. The skirt cost DS|10. I had the money. I could buy it. I imagined walking into school and my friends' jaws dropping. Boys would ask me out, and I would be happy. I could buy it, no, I should buy it.
I showed my mother. She was surprised but said it was my decision. My sister looked on enviously. I went into the dressing room to try it on. So sure was I that this skirt would change me, somehow make me not what I am but what I wished to be. I slid my jeans off and put it on. Now for the decisive moment, I looked in the mirror. There I was — a terrible girl in a Superman T-shirt and sneakers. My glasses fogged up as I started to cry.
The skirt did not change me. Though it fit well and might make me look good in the eyes of today's world, it was not me. I am not a girl who wears cool clothes to fit in.
I took the thing off and went back into the comfort of the modesty (质朴). My mom knocked on the door.“Emily, are you okay？”
I wiped away my tears.“I'm fine.” I looked in the mirror again and saw a blond slim girl with thick glasses. I saw myself.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者在文中讲述了自己尝试改变穿衣风格的经历，启示我们：最重要的是做真正的自己。
1．How did the author think her friends would react to her new skirt?
A．They would start to copy her new style.
B．They would think of her as a goody-goody.
C．They would be amazed to see the big change in her.
D．They would envy her when they saw how beautiful she looked.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段第五句“I imagined walking into school and my friends' jaws dropping.”可知，作者是一个很保守的女孩，所以她认为如果她穿着那件极为暴露的衣服去学校的话，她的朋友肯定会对她的改变感到吃惊。故答案选C。
2．The underlined sentence indicated the author .
A．hesitated about buying the skirt
B．was able to afford to buy the skirt
C．made up her mind to buy the skirt
D．worried about others' opinions on the skirt
解析：选C　句意理解题。根据第三段中的“I had the money. I could buy it.”可知，作者有买这件衣服的钱。画线句体现了作者从确定自己可以买这件衣服到最终决定买这件衣服的心理过程。故答案选C。
3．The author cried because .
A．the skirt made her look so good
B．she found that she looked ugly in the skirt
C．she was disappointed that the skirt did not fit well
D．she realized it's a wrong decision to make a change
解析：选D　推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“The skirt did not change me. Though it fit well ... it was not me.”可知，虽然这件衣服穿上合身，但它并没有改变作者，穿上这件衣服后，作者感觉自己不再是自己了。由此可推知，作者哭泣是因为她意识到改变穿衣风格是个错误的决定。故答案选D。
4．What is the main point of the article?
A．It's important to be yourself.
B．Others' opinions don't matter at all.
C．Girls should wear clothes with modesty.
D．It's better for girls to wear conservative clothes.
解析：选A　主旨大意题。根据倒数第三段中的“Though it fit well ... it was not me.”及最后一段最后一句“I saw myself.”可知，作者通过讲述自己尝试改变穿衣风格的经历，启示我们：最重要的是做真正的自己。故答案选A。
B
Under the cold clear water of Lake Huron, researchers have found a five-and-a-half-foot-long piece of wood that is 8,900 years old. The wood, which is tapered (使成锥形) on one side in a way that looks deliberate, may provide important clues to a mysterious period in North American prehistory.
“This was the stage when humans gradually shifted from hunting large animals to fishing, gathering and agriculture，”said anthropologist John O'Shea.“But because most of the places in this area that prehistoric people lived in are now under water, we don't have good evidence of this important shift itself. We just have clues from before and after the change.”
With support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), O'Shea and his colleague Guy Meadows began exploring the area several years ago. In 2009 they reported finding a series of stone features that they believe were “drive lanes” used by ancient Indian hunters.
Since that discovery, O'Shea and Meadows have worked on identifying human campsites, which are typically located away from hunting areas. On their 25-foot boat, the researchers first spotted the ancient wood object using a small piece of equipment with a camera. Then a team of divers — including O'Shea — went down about 100 feet to get it.
The wood's age has now been fixed by means of carbon dating. It is currently undergoing more detailed analyses to determine whether there has been human modification, which visual examination suggests.“The first thing you notice is that it appears to have been shaped with a rounded base and a pointed tip，”O'Shea said.“It must have been created. It looks like it might have been used as a tent pole or a pole to hang meat.”
In addition to the wood, the researchers have collected many other samples from the bottom of the lake. O'Shea and his colleagues will need to wait for calmer weather before they can resume their search for evidence of human life under the great lake.
语篇解读：考古学家们的新发现有望印证远古人类从游猎文明到农耕文明的转变。
5．During the mysterious period mentioned in the passage, the Lake Huron area .
A．was deserted by ancient Indians
B．witnessed the start of agriculture
C．was taken up by large animals
D．began to be covered by water
解析：选B　推理判断题。从第一、二段的“... may provide important clues to a mysterious period in North American prehistory ... when humans gradually shifted from hunting large animals to fishing, gathering and agriculture”可知B项正确。
6．Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A．The findings of John O'Shea and his colleagues may prove a previous theory.
B．The effort that John O'Shea and Meadows made before 2010 was meaningless.
C．Some equipment was used to support the discovery.
D．John O'Shea and his colleagues didn't draw the final conclusion from visual examination.
解析：选B　细节理解题。从第三段的“In 2009 they reported finding a series of stone features that they believe were ‘drive lanes’ used by ancient Indian hunters.”可知，John O'Shea和Meadows 之前的研究也是有成效的。
7．What's the fourth paragraph mainly about?
A．How the wood was found.
B．Why the wood is important.
C．Preparations that were made for the discovery of the wood.
D．Conclusions the experts have made from the discovery of the wood.
解析：选A　段落大意题。本段主要交待了 John O'Shea 和同事们从何时开始、使用何种方法找到了这块木头。
8．What do we know about the future plan of John O'Shea and his colleagues?
A．They will explore another lake soon.
B．They will study the weather around Lake Huron.
C．They will have a long holiday before going back to work.
D．They will continue to explore Lake Huron.
解析：选D　细节理解题。从最后一段的“O'Shea and his colleagues will need to wait for calmer weather before they can resume their search for evidence of human life under the great lake.”可知答案。
C
Scientist Kathy Berry started thinking about her own routine of putting sugar in her coffee and started a study to test how little routines influence our experiences.
The first experiment involved two groups and each participant was given a piece of chocolate. The first group was asked to relax and then eat the bar at any time. The second was given a set of detailed instructions to follow before eating. The group that went through the specific chocolate eating routine actually enjoyed eating the chocolate more than the other group. The key, according to researchers, is in the deliberate participation of the task. Random (随机的) movements didn't add to the joy. People who participated in a simple routine before eating, particularly after a delay between the routine and consumption, enjoyed the food more.
What researchers found is that when we participate in short and deliberate behaviors, we tend to enjoy our experiences more. The data was so clear after four different experiments that researchers may now begin looking at how routines could help us recover faster after an operation, reduce our pains, and enlarge our life experience in other ways.
I am a mom of four kids but I've got plenty of routines of my own. Some are little and silly. Others are quiet and personal, such as my routine of morning gratitude (感恩) and the prayer at the end of the day. But they all do the same things — they slow me down, reduce my stress, allow me to pause and connect, to become present and to be mindful of the moment. Each of them does help me enjoy my life and that often leads to gratitude and appreciation.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究者通过试验发现，人们的日常习惯会影响人们对生活的体验和感受。作者的经历也证明了这一点。)
9．In the first experiment, the participants of the second group was asked to .
A．have a short relaxation
B．eat the chocolate at random
C．give a piece of chocolate to others
D．follow detailed instructions
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“The second was given a set of detailed instructions to follow before eating.”可知，第二组参与者在吃巧克力之前得到了一套详细的要遵守的指示。故选D项。
10．Why did researchers carry out the four different experiments?
A．To further confirm the researchers' assumption.
B．To persuade people to join in the experiments.
C．To find out the different effects of daily routines.
D．To question about the result of the first experiment.
解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“The date was so clear ... faster after an operation ...”可推知，研究人员做四次不同试验是为了更进一步来证明日常习惯对人们的体验有积极的影响，可能会加快人们术后康复的进程。故选A项，即为了进一步证实研究者的假设。
11．From the last paragraph, we can infer that the author's routines .
A．make her self-centered
B．have no influence on her life
C．bring her a better life
D．change her life completely
解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Each of them does help me enjoy my life and that often leads to gratitude and appreciation.”可知，作者的日常习惯帮助她更好地享受生活，让她懂得感恩与欣赏。由此可知C项正确。
12．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Healthy eating can bring people more joy.
B．Little routines can influence our experiences.
C．Experiences do matter in our daily lives.
D．Living a life of gratitude can make people happy.
解析：选B　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者的经历以及研究者的试验都证明了人们的日常习惯会影响人们对生活的体验这一观点。B项与文章中心一致，故选B项。

A VISIT TO THE ZHOUKOUDIAN CAVES
Agroupofstudents (S) fromEnglandhascometotheZhou-koudiancavesforavisit. Anarchaeologist (A) isshowingthemround.
A：Welcome to the Zhoukoudian caves here in China. It is a great pleasure to meet you students from England, who are interested in archaeology. You must be aware that it's here that we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world. We've been excavating here for many years and ...
S1I'm sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here? There are only rocks and trees.
A：Good question. You are an acute observer. We have found human and animal bones in those caves higher up the hill as well as tools and other objects. So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold.
S2：How did they keep warm? They couldn't have mats, blankets or quilts like we do. It must have been very uncomfortable.
A：We've discovered fireplaces in the centre of the caves where they made fires. That would have kept them warm, cooked the food and scared wild beasts away as well. We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter. We haven't found any doors but we think they might have hung animal skins at the cave mouth to keep out the cold during the freezing winter.
S3：What wild animals were there all that time ago?
A：Well, we've been finding the bones of tigers and bears in the caves, and we think these were their most dangerous enemies. Now what do you think this tells us about the life of these early people? (showspictureofasewingneedle)
S2：Gosh! That's a needle. Goodness, does that mean they repaired things?
A：What else do you think it might have been used for?
S4：Let me look at it. It's at most three centimetres long. Ah yes, it seems to be made of bone. I wonder how they made the hole for the ...
S2：(interrupting) Do you mean that they made their own clothes? Where did they get the material?
A：They didn't have material like we have today. Can you guess what they used?
S1：Wow! Did they wear clothes made entirely of animal skins? How did they prepare them? I'm sure they were quite heavy to cut and sew together.
A：Our evidence suggests that they did wear clothes made from animal skins. We continue discovering tools that were sharpeners for other tools. It seems that they used the sharpened stone tools to cut up animals and remove their skin. Then smaller scrapers were probably used to remove the fat and meat from the skin. After that they would rub an ample amount of salt onto the skin to make it soft. Finally, they would cut it and sew the pieces together. Quite a difficult and messy task! Now look at this. (showsanecklace)
S2：Why, it's a primitive necklace. Did early people really care about their appearance like we do? It's lovely!
A：Yes, and so well preserved. What do you think it's made of?
S4：Let me see. Oh, I think some of the beads are made of animal bones but others are made of shells.
A：How clever you are! One bone is actually an animal tooth and the shells are from the seaside. Can you identify any other bones?
S1：This one looks very much like a fish bone. Is that reasonable?
A：Yes, indeed, as the botanical analyses have shown us, all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake. Probably there were fish in it.
S3：But a lake is not the sea. We are miles from the sea, so how did the seashells get here?
A：Perhaps there was trade between early peoples or they travelled to the seaside on their journeys. We know that they moved around, following the herds of animals. They didn't grow their own crops, but picked fruit when it ripened and hunted animals. That's why they are called hunters and gatherers. Now, why don't we go and visit the caves？
周口店洞穴参观记
一群英国学生(学)来到周口店洞穴参观，一位考古学家(考)正领着他们参观。
考：欢迎来到中国来参观周口店洞穴。很高兴见到你们这些来自英国并且对考古学感兴趣的学生。你们想必都很清楚，正是在这个地方，我们找到了居住在世界上这个地区最早的人类的证据。我们在这儿进行挖掘工作已经很多年了，而且……
学1：对不起，打断了你的讲话。请问他们怎么能够住在这个地方呢？这儿只有石头和树木。
考：问得好。你是个敏锐的观察者。在高山上的那些洞穴里我们找到了人骨和兽骨，还有工具和其他物品。因此，我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒，就住在这些洞穴里。
学2：那他们是怎样取暖的呢？他们不可能像我们现在这样有垫子、毯子和被子。想必是很不舒服了。
考：我们发现在洞穴中央有生火用的地炉。他们用地炉里的火来取暖、做饭，还可以用火来吓跑野兽。我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰，几乎有六米厚，这意味着他们可能整个冬天都在烧火。我们还没有找到门，但我们认为在天寒地冻的冬季他们可能是用兽皮挂在洞口来防寒的。
学3：在那以前有些什么野兽呢？
考：嗯，我们在洞里陆续发现老虎和熊的骨头。我们认为，这些野兽对他们来讲是最危险的敌人了。现在，你们看这个东西能告诉我们有关早期人类生活的什么情况呢？(指着一张画有缝合针的照片)
学2：哎呀！那是一根针。天哪，难道他们还会修补东西吗？
考：除此之外，你们认为它还可能有别的什么用处吗？
学4：让我看看。这个东西最多三厘米长，噢，它看起来像是用骨头做的。我不知道他们是怎样做成针眼的……
学2：(插话)你是不是说他们自己做衣服穿？他们又是从哪里搞到衣料的呢？
考：他们没有像我们今天穿的这种衣料。你们能猜出他们用的是什么吗？
学1：哇！他们穿的衣服全都是用兽皮做的吗？他们那些衣服是怎么做成的？我想兽皮剪裁并缝起来一定又厚又重。
考：我们有证据表明，他们的确穿的是用兽皮制作的衣服。我们不断发现一些磨削其他工具用的工具。看样子他们用磨尖的石器来切割野兽并剥皮，可能再用小一些的刮子把皮上的脂肪和肉去掉。然后他们可能在兽皮上擦上大量的盐，使皮变得柔软。最后进行剪裁，缝起来就成了。确实是既难又脏的活！现在来看看这个吧。(指着一串项链)
学2：哎呀！这是一条原始的项链吧。早期人类也像我们现在一样讲究外貌吧？太漂亮了！
考：是的。还保存得很好呢。你们看看是用什么做的？
学4：我看看。噢，我想有些珠子是用兽骨做的，但是其他的是用贝壳做的。
考：你真聪明！有块骨头实际上是野兽的牙齿，贝壳是从海边捡来的。你们还认得别的骨头吗？
学1：这根很像鱼骨头，对吗？
考：是的，很对。植物学分析结果告诉我们，这儿四周曾经是一个很大的浅水湖。当时可能湖里是有鱼的。
学3：不过，湖并不是海呀。我们离海还远着呢。那么，贝壳又是怎么来的呢？
考：早期人类之间也许有贸易来往，或者他们也可能旅行到海边去。我们知道，他们跟着兽群四处走。他们并不种植谷物，而是在野果熟了的时候采摘它们并捕杀野兽来充饥。这就是他们被称为猎人和采摘者的缘故。好了，咱们现在去参观洞穴好吗？

　　　
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．What criteria (标准) are used for assessing a student's ability?
2．He seized (抓住) her by the arm all of sudden.
3．He applied for a patent (专利证书) for a new method of removing paint.
4．TV does have lots of advantages, but on the other hand, it makes people passive (被动的) and lazy.
5．Their products (产品) are of high quality and are popular with many customers.
6．Those tomatoes aren't ripe (熟的) yet. You'd better not eat them.
7．The man said that my passport wasn't valid (有效的) and didn't allow me to go abroad.
8．They were so much alike that we could hardly distinguish (辨别) one from the other.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．mercy n．仁慈→merciful adj.仁慈的→merciless adj.无情的
2．abrupt adj.突然的；意外的→abruptly adv.突然地；唐突地
3．convenient adj.便利的；方便的；就近的→convenience n．方便；便利→conveniently adv.便利地；方便地
4．caution n．小心；谨慎→cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的
5．expectation n．预料；期待；期望→expect v．预料；期待；期望；认为
6．recognize vt.认出→recognition n．认出；认可；承认
7．cube n．立方体；立方→cubic adj.立方的
8．merry adj.愉快的；高兴的→merrily adv.愉快地；高兴地
[巧记单词]
例词
规律
派生词
merrily
adj.变y为i＋-ly→adv.
merciful
n.变y为i＋-ful→adj.
expectation
v.＋-ation→n.
Ⅲ.补全短语
1．call up　　给……打电话；使想起
2．decide on决定
3．set about开始；着手
4．apply for 申请
5．distinguish ... from ... 把……和……区分开
6．now and then 偶尔；有时
7．in the countryside 在农村/乡下
8．get rid of除掉；摆脱
9．pick up捡起；拿起
1．[教材原句]The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes.
我所做的第一件事就是看看有没有现成的产品能帮助我，但看来只有一种毒杀蛇的药粉。
[句型点拨] there seems to be是there be句型的变体，表示“似乎有……”。
[佳句赏析] I think the picture is telling us that there always seems to be a difference between one's dream and reality.
我认为这幅画告诉我们，一个人的理想和现实之间似乎总是有差距的。
2．[教材原句] Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor.
只有获得了认证，你才可以说是一个真正的发明者。
[句型点拨] 当only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句且位于句首时，主句用部分倒装。
[佳句赏析]Only in this way can we live in more comfortable and beautiful surroundings.
只有这样我们才能生活在更舒适和更美丽的环境中。
3．[教材原句]Nor will you receive a patent until a search has been made to find out that your product really is different from everyone else's.
经仔细研究，证明你的产品确实与众不同之后，你才能获得专利。
[句型点拨]neither/nor＋系动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语：表示前面的否定情况也适用于后面的人或物。
[佳句赏析] He didn't finish his homework and neither did I.
他没有完成家庭作业，我也没有完成。
1．When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset.(P20)
我给住在乡下的母亲打电话的时候，她感到很心烦。
★call up给……打电话；使……想起
①He called me up last night, telling me that our boss objected to our plan.
他昨天晚上给我打电话，告诉我老板反对我们的计划。
②The smell of the sea called up memories of her childhood.
大海的气息勾起了她对童年的回忆。
call back召唤某人回来；再访；回电话
call for 需要，要求，接(人或物)
call in 邀请；请来
call on/upon 拜访(人)；号召
call at 拜访(某地)
call out 大声地喊；叫出来
③The government calls on the youth above 18 to join the army voluntarily.
政府号召18岁以上的青年自愿参军入伍。
2．Snakes come near the house now and then, and they seem to have made their home here, not far from the walnut tree.(P20)
蛇时不时地爬到房子附近，似乎是在房子附近离胡桃树不远的地方安家了。
★now and then 偶尔；有时
①He raised his objection at the meeting now and then.
他时不时地在会上提出反对意见。
②I try to buy myself something now and then.
我偶尔会尽量给自己买点东西。
(1)表示“不时，偶尔”的单词、短语
sometimes; at times; from time to time; every now and then; every now and again; once in a while; occasionally
(2)from now on　现在开始；今后
(3)up to now 目前为止
③From now on,we will try to do better.
从现在开始我们要尽量做得更好。
3．Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them. (P20)
这回我有机会来表现一下自己了，我要发明某种仁慈的东西，既可以把蛇抓到，又不会伤害到它们。
★distinguish vi.& vt. 显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别
辨别……和……；把……与……区别开
distinguish oneself　使自己与众不同；使自己出名
(2)distinguished adj. 卓越的；杰出的
be distinguished (＝ famous/well-known) for 以……而著名
①In your opinion, what is it that distinguishes her from others?
在你看来，是什么使得她与众不同呢？
②He has already distinguished himself as an athlete.
作为一名运动员他已享有盛名。
③We all know that Yuan Longping is famous (＝distinguished/well-known) for his scientific achievements.
我们都知道袁隆平因其科学成就而闻名。
★merciful adj.宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的
(1)be merciful to sb.　对某人仁慈
(2)mercifully adv. 仁慈地；宽厚地
(3)mercy n. 宽大；宽容；仁慈；怜悯
show mercy to 对……表示怜悯；宽恕……
have mercy on 宽恕；怜悯
at the mercy of 任凭……的摆布；在……支配之下
without mercy 毫不留情地；残忍地
④We should be merciful to the homeless animals.
我们要善待那些无家可归的动物。
⑤You should show mercy to whoever is in trouble.
你应当对任何处于困境的人表示怜悯。
⑥They were lost at the sea, at the mercy of the wind and weather.
他们在海上迷了路，任凭风和天气的摆布。
4．The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes.(P20)
我所做的第一件事就是看看有没有现在的产品能帮助我，但看来只有一种毒杀蛇的药粉。
★there seemed to be是there be句型的变体，表示“似乎有……”。there be 句型有多种变体，主要有：
①There happened to be a policeman there when we were in trouble.
当我们身处困境时，碰巧那儿有个警察。
②There stands a tree at the top of the hill which is named the wishing tree.
山顶上有棵树，叫做“许愿树”。
③There used to be a bridge across the river.
过去有一座桥横跨这条河。
④There are a few monkeys playing (play) in the tree.
树上有几只猴子在玩耍。
5．I set about researching the habits of snakes to find the easiest way to trap them. (P20)
我着手研究蛇的习性，以便能找到最容易的方法捉住它们。
★set about开始；着手
①A team of volunteers set about the work with determination.
一组志愿者坚定地着手做这项工作。
②The new government must set about finding (find) solutions to the country's economic problems.
新政府须着手找出解决国家经济问题的方法。
[点津]　set about后常接名词或动名词作宾语。
set out　　出发；启程
set out to do sth.＝set about doing sth.着手做某事
set off 出发；动身；使爆炸
set aside 留出；对……不予考虑
set down 记下；写下
set up 建立；开办；开业；竖立
be set in 以……为背景
③He set out to paint (paint) the whole house but finished only the front part.
他开始着手粉刷整幢房子，可是只完成了前面的部分。
④If you want to catch that train, we'd better set off for the station immediately.
你要是想赶上那班火车，咱们最好马上动身去火车站。
[联想]　请你想一想表示“着手/开始做某事”的短语还有哪些？
get down to doing sth., begin/start to do sth./doing sth.
6．They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall.(P20)
他们突然一下子就消失了，钻进附近的墙洞里去了。
★convenient adj.便利的；方便的；就近的
(1)It is convenient for sb. to do sth.
　　　　　　　　　　　某人方便做某事
be convenient for sth./sb. 某物对某人/某物来说是方便的
(2)convenience n. [U]方便；[C]便利设施；方便的用具
for (one's) convenience ＝for the convenience (of sb.)
为了(某人)方便
at one's convenience 在某人方便时
①(2015·重庆高考满分作文)In a word, wild release makes it much more convenient for us to choose what books we like.
总之，自由分享可以让我们更方便的选择我们喜欢的书籍。
②Will the 3：50 train be convenient for you?
3点50分的火车对你来说方便吗？
③(2015·陕西高考书面表达)If you are interested, please send an application email at your earliest convenience to Ms Chen at chenlaoshi@aef. com.
如果您感兴趣，请在最方便的时候给陈女士发一封求职邮件，其邮箱为chenlaoshi@aef. com。
[串记]
I bought this apartment for convenience, for it is very convenient for the bus station and it has a lot of conveniences.
我买了这套公寓是因为方便，因为它离车站很近，也有很多便利设施。
[点津]　convenience 意为convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，而要用物作主语或用it作形式主语。“当你方便的时候”应翻译成when it is convenient for you，而不是when you are convenient。
7．This was in the expectation that the snakes would bite again.(P21)
这是因为我预料到蛇还会再咬人。
★expectation n．预料；期待；期望
(1)contrary to/against expectation(s) 出乎预料
come/live up to one's expectations 不负所望
beyond expectation 料想不到
in expectation of 期待，指望，预料
(2)expect vt. 预料；认为；期待；期望
　expect to do sth.　期待/预计做某事
expect sb.to do sth. 预计/期望某人做某事
①It's our expectation that you will do well.
我们期待你做得出色。
②The fact that he was admitted into the key university came/lived up to his parents' expectations.
他被重点大学录取不负父母所望。
③I didn't expect him to become (become) a successful writer.
我没想到他会成为一个成功的作家。
8．Pressed by my friends and relations, I decided to seize the opportunity to get recognition for my successful idea by sending my invention to the patent office.(P21)
由于朋友和亲戚的敦促，我决定抓住这次机会把我的发明送到专利局去，请他们对于我这次成功的思路给予认可。
★seize vt.抓住；捉住；夺取；占领
seize sb. by the arm　　　　　抓住某人的胳膊
seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住机会
seize on/upon 抓住；利用(借口等)
①Ten thousand years are too long; seize the day, seize the hour.
一万年太久，只争朝夕。
②He seized Mary by the arm when she wanted to leave.
当玛丽想离开时他一把抓住了她的胳膊。
③You should seize the opportunity/chance to work abroad with both hands.
你应该紧紧抓住这次出国工作的机会。
④Tom seized on/upon the excuse to get out of the practice.
汤姆利用这个借口逃避了练习。
9．Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor.(P21)
只有获得了认证，你才可以说是一个真正的发明者。
★这是一个倒装句，Only after you have had that recognition 置于句首，主句用部分倒装。当only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句且位于句首时，主句用部分倒装。
①Only thendid he realize the importance of English.
只有在那时候他才意识到英语的重要性。
②Only after Mary read her composition the second time did she notice the spelling mistake.
只有在玛丽把作文读了第二遍之后，她才注意到拼写错误。
③Only when the competition was over did he calm down to relax himself.
只有比赛结束了，他才能静下心来放松一下。
[点津]　如果放于句首的only所修饰的不是状语时，该句不用倒装。
④Only a few of the children haven't yet got a chance of being educated.
仍有少数儿童未得到受教育的机会。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．They asked him to be merciful to the prisoners.
2．My secretary will call you to arrange a convenient (convenience) time to meet.
3．Against all expectations (expect), Mike finished high school with top grades.
4．There stands (stand) the Monument to the People's Heroes at the center of the square.
5．The moment we got to the remote village, we set about doing (do) research.
6．It is the high quality that distinguishes this brand from that one.
7．Would it be convenient for you to pick me up at four o'clock and take me to the airport?
8．Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision.
9．Your letter calls up the days when we worked together on the farms fifteen years ago.
10．We get along quite well though there are quarrels between us now and then.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．The Chinese Nation, which is distinguished for its diligence and courage, has attracted the attention from the world.
以勤劳勇敢著称的中华民族吸引了来自世界的注意力。
2．The sound of happy laughter called up memories of his childhood.
这欢笑声让他回忆起了童年的情景。
3．Only after he failed a second time did he realize he had wasted so much time playing.
只有在又一次失败后他才意识到他在玩上浪费了太多的时间。
4．There seems tobe a quarrel between the young couple.
这对年轻夫妇之间好像发生过一场争吵。
5．It is very convenient for me to get to the airport.
我到机场很方便。
6．She set about her housework straight away after breakfast.
她早饭后立即着手料理家务。
Ⅲ.句型转换
1．I gave him a call saying that I couldn't go to his birthday party tonight.
→I calledhimup saying that I couldn't go to his birthday party tonight.
2．Alice looked out of the window from time to time, expecting that her father would come back home.
→Alice looked out of the window nowandthen, expecting that her father would come back home.
3．After the earthquake, the people in this area began rebuilding their homes with the help of the volunteers.
→After the earthquake, the people in this area setabout rebuilding their homes with the help of the volunteers.
4．He made himself known to the world by winning the Nobel Prize for physics.
→He distinguishedhimself in the world by winning the Nobel Prize for physics.
5．Robert didn't go to the concert last night, and his younger brother didn't go there, either.
→Robert didn't go to the concert last night, nor didhisyoungerbrother.
Ⅳ.课文缩写语法填空
When I called 1.up my mother, she was upset, because snakes came near the house now and then.My mother wanted me to help her and I agreed.I thought this was a chance for me 2.to distinguish (distinguish) myself.I set about 3.researching (research) the habits of snakes and decided to cool them so that they would become 4.sleepy (sleep) and could be easily caught.I put a bowl 5.with some jelly into the fridge and prepared some ice-cubes.I made three attempts and the last one 6.succeeded (succeed). I collected the passive snakes and the next day we 7.merrily (merry) released them all back into the wild.8.Pressed (press) by my friends and relations, I decided to seize the opportunity to apply 9.for a patent.The criteria are very strict.I have filled in the form and filed my patent 10.application (apply). Now it's a matter of waiting and hoping.
[对应学生课下能力提升(十)]
Ⅰ.根据提示写出单词的正确形式
1．The bus came to an abrupt (突然的) stop, making many passengers fall off their seats.
2．Bell got the patent (专利) for his most famous invention in 1876.
3．Petrol is the most important product (产品) of many Middle East countries.
4．The manager said the information should be treated with some caution (谨慎)．
5．Success in making money is not always a good criterion (标准) of success in life.
6．Please give him lots of love instead of high expectations (expect); otherwise he will be loaded with great pressure.
7．I'd like to place things where it is convenient (convenience) to get them.
8．Mrs. Brown was merciful (mercy) and she didn't blame us for breaking her window.
9．Our cooking pots are all made of stainless (stain) steel, so they are always bright.
10．In summer, the average flow of the river is 200 cubic (cube) meters per second.
Ⅱ.选词填空
set about, distinguish ... from, come up to one's expectations, now and then, call up, call at, for convenience, apply for
1．What distinguishes me from others is that I take an active part in all kinds of activities.
2．I usually enjoy his movies, but the latest one didn't come up to my expectations.
3．Someone called up from downtown and asked to see you at five.
4．The teacher was angry with Tom because he looked out of the window now and then.
5．Having made up his mind, he set about carrying out the plan
6．I shall call at his home tomorrow, and could you go with me?
7．I kept my reference book near my desk for convenience.
8．To apply for the good job, Li Ping spent three hours filling in her application form.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1. Only then did I understand how important he was to me.
只有在那时我才明白他对我有多重要。
2．There seems to be endless work waiting for him to do.
好像有无数的活等他去做。
3．Would you telephone me at your convenience if you don't mind?
如果你不介意，在方便的时候给我打电话好吗？
4．Once making a promise, we should be cautious about it.
一旦做出一个承诺，我们必须对它谨慎。
5．I'm not going to put myself at the mercy of the bank.
我不想任由银行摆布。
6．I try to set aside a few minutes each day to do some exercise.
我每天尽量腾出一些时间来锻炼身体。
Ⅳ.阅读理解
A
Canadian student Raymond Wang, 17, won the world's largest high school science competition — the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair (Intel ISEF), taking home the top prize of $75,000 for inventing a new way to keep germs from spreading in airplane cabins.
Wang started thinking about the problem of disease spread on airplanes after a steady stream of news about the Ebola outbreak in West Africa. Ebola is not spread through the air, he learned, but other infectious diseases — including the H1N1 swine flu virus and SARS virus — are spread through the air. And that's a problem in airplane cabins, where everyone is breathing everyone else's air. “When someone sneezes, there's a mess everywhere，” he explained.
Wang said he made up his mind to solve the problem when he discovered that few people in the airline industry were actively working on ways to improve the quality of airplane air.
He designed fin-shaped devices (鳍形装置) that fit into the airplane's existing air inlets (入口). The fins redirect the airflow, creating walls of air around each passenger. Each person gets a personalized zone of fresh air, and sneezes are pushed out of the cabin before they can spread. His invention would improve the availability of fresh air in the cabin by 190 percent. Wang said that it would cost per airplane $1,000 and could be put in overnight. And he's already filed an application for a patent.
Wang is clearly not your average high school student. He did his project not for class but on the side, and he learned what he needed to know pretty much on his own. “This year I have to pick up fluid dynamics (流体动力学)，” he said. “I keep going with it, watching some videos and looking at some papers.”
语篇解读：本文为记叙文，题材为人物故事类。加拿大一名高中生发明了一种能够防止病毒在飞机上传播的装置。
1．What is Wang's invention for?
A．Preventing passengers from sneezing.
B．Killing germs spreading in airplane cabins.
C．Preventing some diseases spreading on planes.
D．Controlling the spread of Ebola through the air.
解析：选C　细节理解题。由第一段和第二段的内容可知，Wang的发明能够防止一些传染病在飞机上传播。
2．Wang decided to design fin-shaped devices .
A．after deciding to have a patent of his own
B．when hearing Ebola was spreading in Africa
C．when choosing to take part in the Intel ISEF
D．after finding there were few similar products
解析：选D　细节理解题。由第三段可知，当发现没有什么类似产品存在时，Wang决定设计这个装置。
3．How do fin-shaped devices work?
A．By controlling the movement of air.
B．By identifying sneezing passengers.
C．By letting passengers be aware of germs.
D．By separating people with fin-shaped walls.
解析：选A　细节理解题。由第四段可知，这个装置通过控制空气流动达到防止病菌传播的目的。
4．How did Wang gain the knowledge for his invention?
A．He taught himself.
B．The airline helped him.
C．He got it from his class.
D．The Intel ISEF offered it to him.
解析：选A　推理判断题。由最后一段可知，Wang通过自学获取了发明该装置所需要的知识。
B
Stop wasting your time thinking of reasons for your failures. Instead, realize that the seeds of success were planted within you when you were born. Only you have the power to make those seeds grow.
The seeds, and the power to grow them, are contained in the most awesome machine ever created: the human mind. Success is a choice and not a chance. You were born a winner. You were born rich. You can be a success if only you make the right choice.
You cannot be successful without first developing your self-confidence. Your level of self-confidence is always based on the degree of control that you are able to exercise over yourself, and thus over your life. People with low self-confidence are people who do not believe that they have any power, or responsibility for their lives. They are always victims. They are leaves tossed (摇摆) by the winds of chance blown about with any sudden change in the weather.
You can exercise control over your life only to the degree that you believe you are responsible for everything that happens in your life. Failures think that everything happens by accident and chance. Successful people realize that they are responsible.
Everything happens as a result of something. If we can identify (确定) the cause, we can control the effect. We are responsible for what we choose to think and believe. One generally rises to the level that one expects. We are responsible for setting our expectations. Our success is dependent upon our level of confidence.
In all areas of your life, whether they are financial, physical, or spiritual, you are responsible. Once you recognize this, accept it, and firmly believe it. You are on the road to success.
语篇解读：这篇文章告诉我们每个人生来就是可以成功、可以富裕的，那么区别到底在哪呢？在于你是否能够让成功的种子发芽。
5．People with low self-confidence are compared to leaves because they .
A．don't have the power to face their lives
B．are ready to change their minds
C．can't exercise control over themselves
D．are easily affected by windy weather
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据文章第三段的“People with low self-confidence are people who do not believe that they have any power, or responsibility for their lives. ... with any sudden change in the weather.”可知不自信的人是因为他们不相信自己有能力，也不相信自己能够为自己的生活做主。他们就像随风摇摆的落叶。故选C。
6．Losers would think that .
A．they fail only because of bad luck
B．they don't make efforts to succeed
C．success is the result of hard work
D．working hard will lead to success
解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第四段的“Failures think that everything happens by accident and chance.”可知，失败者总是认为事情的发生都是偶然的。故选A。
7．It can be inferred from the fifth paragraph that .
A．what we believe in is the result of creative mind
B．whether we will succeed depends on our attitudes
C．setting our expectations is vital before taking action
D．knowing cause and effect is the key to future success
解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第五段的“We are responsible for setting our expectations. Our success is dependent upon our level of confidence.”可知，人们的思想和信念决定一切，走向成功需要对自己充满期望和自信。故选B。
8．The last paragraph serves as .
A．an introduction to another topic
B．a comparison between two views
C．the proof of the author's points
D．the conclusion of the argument
解析：选D　篇章结构题。最后一段主要总结整篇文章的内容，即你要对你的生活负责，要坚信这一点，这样你就会走向成功。故选D。
Ⅴ.任务型阅读
1． You probably think you will never be a top student. This is not necessarily so, however. Anyone can become a better student if he or she wants to. Here is how：
Plan your time carefully. When planning your work, you should make a list of things that you have to do. After making this list, you should make a schedule of your time. First your time for eating, sleeping, dressing, etc. Then decide a good, regular time for studying. 2. A weekly schedule may not solve all your problems, but it will force you to realize what is happening to your time.
Find a good place to study. Look around the house for a good study area. Keep this space, which may be a desk or simply a corner of your room, free of everything but study materials. No games, radios, or television. When you sit down to study, concentrate on the subject.
Make good use of your time in class. 3. Listening carefully in class means less work later. Taking notes will help you remember what the teacher says.
Study regularly. When you get home from school, go over your notes, review the important points that your teacher is going to discuss the next day, read that material. 4. If you do these things regularly, the material will become more meaningful, and you'll remember it longer.
Develop a good attitude towards tests. The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. They help you remember your new knowledge. The world won't end if you don't pass a test, so don't be over worried.
5．You will probably discover them after you have tried these.
A．There are other methods that might help you with your studying.
B．Don't forget to set aside enough time for entertainment.
C．Take advantage of class time to listen to everything the teacher says.
D．No one can become a top student unless he or she works hard.
E．Maybe you are an average student.
F．Make full use of class time to take notes of what the teacher says in class.
G．This will help you understand the next class.
答案：1～5　EBCGA
Ⅵ.课时微写作(根据提示完成小作文)
Mr. Jackson was a cautious (谨慎的) businessman and he got a patent (专利) for his products. But later he found his products didn't live up to their criteria (标准). He seized the chance (抓住机会) to improve them and he expected his products could bring in a high income. He said only by attaching importance to quality can the product gain customers' recognition (认可)．

　　　[语法初识]
原句感知
自主探究
1.Well, we've been finding the bones of tigers and bears in the caves, and we think these were their most dangerous enemies.
2．It has been raining since last week.
3．He has been writing a novel, which will be finished next month.
4．He has written a novel, which is being prepared to come out now.
5．I have been visiting my hometown recently, and it impresses me differently each time.
6．I have visited my hometown recently, whose changes have left a deep impression on me.
(1)由例句1、2、3看出现在完成进行时的构成形式为：have/has＋been＋doing。
(2)比较例句3、4，现在完成进行时强调动作未完成；而现在完成时强调动作已结束。
(3)比较例句5、6，现在完成进行时强调动作的重复，现在完成时可以表示一次性动作。
7.Recently she has always been helping me.
8．Recently she has helped me a lot.
(4)比较例句7、8，现在完成进行时表示一种感彩；现在完成时则陈述一种事实。
[语法剖析]
语法点一
现在完成进行时的基本用法
1．强调持续性
表示现在以前这一段时间里一直在进行的动作，这个动作可能仍将继续进行下去。强调已经发生的动作正在进行或表示动作的反复，常与for, since引出的时间状语连用。
I have been sitting here for the afternoon.
我在这坐了一个下午了。
He's been watching television all day.
他看了一天电视了。
2．强调重复性(指断断续续，而非一直不停)
The weather has been changeable lately; I've been having a lot of colds.
最近天气变化无常，我时常感冒。
3．强调感彩(表示强烈的表扬或厌恶等感情)
He has always been studying hard.
他学习一直很刻苦。
Too much has been happening today.
今天真是一个多事之日。
4．强调刚刚结束(表示从过去某时开始，一直延续到说话时刻，可能刚刚结束的动作)
She has been sweeping the street all day. She is too tired.
她一整天都在扫大街。她太累了。
We have been waiting for you for two hours. We don't want to wait any longer.
我们已经等你两个小时了。不想再等了。
即时演练1
用所给动词的适当形式填空
①The villagers have been working (work) day and night gathering crops these days.
②Here he is! We have been waiting (wait) anxiously for him since last night.
③The little boy is dirty all over because he has been playing (play) in the mud all the morning.
语法点二
现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别
1．现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果，而现在完成进行时则更强调动作的延续性。
We have been cleaning the classroom.
我们一直在打扫教室。(强调动作：一直在打扫)
We have cleaned the classroom.
我们已经打扫了教室。(强调结果：已经打扫过了)
2．现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复，现在完成时一般不表示重复性。
I have been seeing professor Brown recently.
我最近频频见到布朗教授。(表示动作的反复)
Have you met her lately?
最近你见过她吗？(不表示动作的反复)
3．现在完成进行时比较生动，有时带有强烈的表扬或厌恶等感彩，而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实，一种影响或结果，平铺直叙，没有什么感彩可言。
What has Tom been doing? He is changing so greatly.
汤姆一直都在做什么？他变化这么大。(表示惊异)
I have waited for you for three hours.
我已经等你三个小时了。(说明一个事实)
[点津]　有些不能用现在进行时的动词，如be, have, like, love, know, see, hear等，同样也不能用现在完成进行时，但可以用于现在完成时。
The poor woman has been ill for a long time.
那可怜的妇人已经病了好久了。
Have you seen her parents these days?
这些天你看见她的父母了吗？
即时演练2
用所给动词的适当形式填空
①The professor has gone (go) to Cambridge University to make a speech, so you can't find him here.
②My father has been repairing (repair) the destroyed house for weeks, but I wonder if he has finished it.
③I have been looking (look) for you all morning. Where have you been?
[链接高考]
单句语法填空
1．(2016·江苏高考)Dashan, who has been learning (learn) crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.
解析：句意：大山数十年来研究学习中国喜剧传统相声，想把它和西方单口相声融会贯通。大山学习相声是从过去持续到现在，并且还会继续下去，故使用现在完成进行时。
2．(2016·北京高考)—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?
—The new StarWars. We have been waiting (wait) here for more than two hours.
解析：句意：——打扰一下，你们在等着看哪场电影？——新版《星球大战》。我们已经在这里等了两个多小时了。根据答语可知，动作发生的时间是当前，而根据时间状语“for more than two hours”和句意可知，动作到现在还没有结束，还有可能继续下去，故应该使用现在完成进行时。
3．(2015·福建高考)—Where is Peter? I can't find him anywhere.
—He went to the library after breakfast and has been writing (write) his essay there ever since.
解析：句意：——彼得在哪里？我到处都找不到他。——他早饭后就去图书馆了，之后就一直在那里写他的文章。根据答语后半句中的时间状语ever since“自那以后”可知，谓语用现在完成进行时。
4．(2015·陕西高考)Marty has been working (work) really hard on his book and he thinks he'll have finished it by Friday.
解析：句意：马蒂真的一直在努力写书，他认为周五就能完成。work这个动作从过去发生，一直持续到周五，在此期间一直进行，故用现在完成进行时。
5．(2014·湖南高考)Since the time humankind started gardening, we have been trying (try) to make our environment more beautiful.
解析：句意：自从人类从事园艺以来，我们就一直试图把我们的环境打造得更美丽。结合语境及题干中的关键词since，应用现在完成进行时。
6．(2014·江西高考)—Tony, why are your eyes red?
—I have been cutting (cut) up peppers for the last five minutes.
解析：句意：——托尼，你的眼睛怎么通红？——刚才切了五分钟的辣椒。根据问句的动词are和答句的时间状语“for the last five minutes”可知，应用现在完成进行时。
[针对演练]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He dropped out due to his illness. He has been considering (consider) coming back since last year.
2．They have been discussing (discuss) the problem without interruption for about two hours.
3．Ask him to have a rest please. He has been sharpening (sharpen) knives all the morning.
4．When I first met Bryan I didn't like him, but I have changed (change) my mind.
5．The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workersare repairing (repair) one of the main pipes.
6．—Oh no! We're too late. The train has left (leave)．
—That's OK. We'll catch the next train to London.
7．Don't disturb me. I have been writing the letters all morning and have written ten so far. (write)
8．—Have a break, Amy. You have been practicing (practice) playing the piano all the morning.
—OK, Mom. I will stop after this piece.
9．You have been studying (study) all day, shall we go out for a walk?
10．It has been raining (rain) all day with us in low spirits.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．His brother has been collecting all kinds of stamps since he was 10.
他弟弟从十岁起就一直收集各种各样的邮票。
2．The repairman has been repairing the car all the afternoon.
一整个下午，这位修理工一直在修车。
3．The repairman has repaired your car,and you can have it now.
修理工已修好了你的车，现在你可以把它开走了。
4．I'm tired out. I have been shopping all the afternoon and I don't seem to have finished anything.
我累坏了。一整个下午我都在购物，并且似乎什么都没完成。
Ⅲ.短文改错
Nearly five years before, and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes (圣女果) in our back garden. Since then — for all these year — we had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please. As result, the plants are growing somewhere. The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste. There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors. Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problem. We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!
答案：第一句：before→ago; by→of
第二句：year→years; had→have
第三句：result前加a; somewhere→everywhere
第四句：taste→tasty
第五句：much→many
第六句：去掉but或but→yet
第七句：wonderfully→wonderful

　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅰ.Match the following paragraphs with their main ideas.
Para. 1　　A．Lala and her families made preparations for the feast.
Para. 2　　B．The description of Dahu.
Para. 3　　C．How did Dahu make tools?
Para. 4　　D．Lala worried about the preparations for the feast and she hoped the feast could be as good as the one last year.
答案：Paras. 1～4　DABC
Ⅱ. Choose the best answer according to the text.
1．Why did Lala accelerate her walk?
A．Because she was very hungry.
B．Because she feared her husband would get angry.
C．Because she had to prepare for her feast.
D．Because she feared there might be wild animals attacking her.
2．Lala was happy last year because .
A．she was lucky to be chosen by Dahu
B．she didn't have to prepare for the feast
C．her husband loved her very much
D．she was together with her sister and mother
3．We can infer from the text that Lala was .
A．tired of her life
B．worried about her life
C．satisfied with her life
D．disappointed with her life
4．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．The marriage life of Lala and Dahu.
B．The separate responsibilities of men and women.
C．The difference between early life and modern life.
D．The preparation work for a feast.
答案：1～4　DACD
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．My mother is beginning to get wrinkles (皱纹) around her eyes.
2．The police managed to arrest (逮捕) the escaped prisoner and sent him back to prison.
3．The usual place to feel someone's pulse (脉搏) is on his wrist.
4．If you produce a piece of writing without any punctuation(标点符号), it's very difficult to understand.
5．Those difficult math problems made me dizzy (困惑的), not knowing how to work them out.
6．There are more than 200 children in this kindergarten (幼儿园), most of whom come from the nearby villages.
7．In many countries, it is considered rude to spit (吐痰) in public.
8．She somehow (不知怎么地) got lost on her way home.
9．Your name has been deleted (删除) from the list.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1．system n．系统→systematicadj.有系统的；有计划的
2．divide vt.分开→divisionn．划分
3．acceleratevi.&vt.加速→acceleration n．加速
4．skill n．技巧→skilfuladj.有技巧的；熟练的
5．significancen．意义；意思；重要性；重要意义→significant adj.重要的
6．applaudvi.&vt.鼓掌欢迎；赞赏→applause n．鼓掌
7．reception n．接待；欢迎；招待会；接待处→receptionistn．接待员；招待员→receive vt.&vi.收到；接到；接纳；接待
[巧记单词]
例词
规律
派生词
significance
adj.去t＋ce→n.
receptionist
n.＋-ist→n.
Ⅲ.补全短语
1．fed up with　　受够了；饱受；厌烦
2．look ahead向前看；为将来打算
3．dateback (to ...) 追溯到；始于
4．lie in wait for隐蔽静候以出人不意
5．keep out阻止……进入
6．on behalfof 代表
7．referto 谈到；参考
8．break out(战争，疾病，火灾等的)突然发生
1．[教材原句]If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year!
要是她今年早有预见，计划得更好些就好了。
[句型点拨]此句用了虚拟语气。if only ...意为“要是……就好了”。
[佳句赏析]Look at the trouble I am in. If only I had followed his advice!
看看我所处的困境，要是我接受他的建议就好了！
2．[教材原句]She had almost reached her destination when a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped.
快到目的地的时候，一阵香气扑鼻，她停下来，不往前走了。
[句型点拨]本句为“had almost/just done sth. when ...”句型，when用作并列连词，意为“就在这时(突然)”，相当于“and (just) then”或“and at that time”。
[佳句赏析]I had almost gone to bed when someone knocked at the door.
我刚上床睡觉，这时有人敲门了。
3．[教材原句]Abruptly she sat down, only to be scooped up by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna.
她突然坐了下来，结果被又笑又叫的妹妹露娜一把抱了起来。
[句型点拨]only to do“不料；结果……”，动词不定式作结果状语，表示意想不到的情况。
[佳句赏析]He hurried to the theatre, only to be told that the tickets had been sold out.
他匆匆忙忙地赶到剧院，结果被告知票已售完。

THE FEAST：18,000 BC
Worried about the preparations for her feast, Lala quickly turned for home with her collection of nuts, melons and other fruit. It was the custom of family groups to separate and then gather again at different sites for reunions as they followed the animal herds across the grasslands. A wrinkle appeared on her forehead. If only it could be just like last year! At that time she had been so happy when Dahu chose her as the future mother of his children. He was the best toolmaker in the group and it was a great honour for her to be chosen. She remembered the blood pulsing through her veins. She had felt so proud as the group shouted loudly to applaud his choice. If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year! Then she wouldn't have been feeling so worried now.
Having heard wolves howling in the forest, Lala accelerated her walk up the path to the caves fearing that there might be wild beasts lying in wait for her. She had no man with his spear to protect her. She had almost reached her destination when a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped. So the men had brought home the meat for the feast! The smell of cooking meat filled the air surrounding her, and her senses became dizzy with hunger. She could see her mother and the older children preparing the deer and pig meat over the fire. Her aunts were making clothes with animal skins. Abruptly she sat down, only to be scooped up by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna. Lala smiled with relief. It was good to have her family around her.
Just then a tall man came up behind her. He had a large, square face, with strongly pronounced eyebrows and cheekbones. Over his shoulder he carried several fish and some pieces of wood under his arm. Lala smiled and handed some stone scrapers over to Dahu, who smiled and went outside the cave to begin his task.
First he looked carefully at the scrapers and then went to a corner of the cave and pulled out some more tools. They were in a pile with other sharp arrowheads and stone axe?heads. He chose one large stone and began to use it like a hammer striking the edge of the scraper that needed sharpening. Now and then Dahu would stop, look at it and try it against his hand before continuing his task. He stopped when he felt the scrapers were sharp enough to cut up the meat and scrape the fish. As he passed them to Lala, the first of the guests from the neighbouring caves began to arrive for dinner. Lala's spirits rose. Yes, it was going to be just as wonderful as last year! She smiled to herself gaily and went out of the cave to welcome her friends and neighbours.
公元前18 000年的一次盛宴
拉拉担心她这次盛宴的准备工作，所以赶紧把坚果、瓜和其他水果收集起来就快步回家了。由于在草原上放牧，家族成员先分散开，然后在不同的地方相聚，这是他们的一个习俗。她的额头出现了一道皱纹。要是能像去年那样就好了！当大胡选拉拉作未来孩子的母亲时，她觉得非常高兴。他是这个家族中最好的工匠，被他选中对拉拉来说是莫大的荣幸。她记得当时血脉加快，心情激动。当族人为大胡的选择欢呼鼓掌的时候，拉拉觉得非常自豪。要是她今年早有预见，计划得更好些就好了！那么她现在就不会这么担心了。
听见狼群在森林里嗥叫，拉拉加快了回洞穴的步伐，担心会有野兽在等着她。她身边没有男人拿着矛来保护她。快到达目的地的时候，一阵香气扑鼻，她停了下来，不往前走了。原来男人们为这次盛宴把肉带回了家！烤肉的香味弥漫在周围的空气中，她因为饥饿而感到眩晕。她看到母亲和大一些的孩子在烧烤鹿肉和猪肉。她的姨妈们在用兽皮做衣服。突然间她坐了下来，却又被她那又笑又叫的妹妹露娜一把抱了起来，拉拉宽慰地笑了，跟家人在一起实在是太好啦。
就在那时，一个高个子男人从她身后走了过来。他有一张宽大的方脸，眉毛很浓，颧骨凸出，肩上扛着几条鱼，腋下夹着一些木头。拉拉对大胡微笑着，递给他一些石头做的刮子。大胡也笑着，走出洞穴，开始工作。
他先朝这些石刮子仔细瞧了瞧，然后走到洞穴的一个角落，拖出来更多的工具。这些工具同其他一些锐利的箭头和石斧头堆放在一起。他选了一块大石头，开始用它作锤子敲打一个需要磨快的石刮子边沿。他时不时地停下来看看，在手上试一试，然后再继续工作。当他觉得石刮子够快，能够切碎肉并能刮鱼鳞了，他才停下来。他把它们递给拉拉，这时候，来自邻近洞穴的第一批客人就开始来吃饭了。拉拉的情绪高涨起来。是的，今年的盛宴一定会跟去年一样热闹！她高兴地自己笑着，走出洞穴，去欢迎她的朋友和邻居。
1．His university was aware of the significance of his work. (P40)
他(所在的)的大学意识到了他(这项)工作的重要性。
★significance n．意义；意思；重大意义；重要性
(1)of great significance (to)(对……)非常重要
of little significance 不重要
(2)significant adj. 有意义的；意味深长的；重要的；重大的
①I am delighted to have been invited to your school to talk to you about the history and significance of the Olympic Games.
我很高兴应邀前来贵校，跟大家讲述有关奥运会的历史及其重要性。
②The proposals they put forward at the meeting were of little significance.
他们在会上提出的建议无足轻重。
③For me, that realization is one of the most significant (significance) breakthroughs.
对于我来说，意识到这一点是最显著的突破之一。
2．Somehow he cycled thirty miles to Dr Black because there was no alternative means of transport. (P40)
不知何故，他骑车30英里去拜访布莱克博士，因为没有其他交通方式。
★somehow adv.不知怎么地；以……的方式
somewhat　　　　　稍微；有点
anyhow (＝anyway) 无论如何；不管怎样
①Somehow we know in our hearts that it is not supposed to be this way.
不知为何我们在心中知道它不应该是这个样子的。
②Things have changed somewhat since then.
从那时候起，情况就有些不一样了。
③Anyhow,he must have eaten a lot because now he is fat.
无论如何，他一定吃了很多东西，因为现在他胖了。
3．Well, I'm fed up with all the attention and ... (P41)
好吧，我厌烦了所有的关注并且……
★fed up with受够了；饱受；厌烦
用……来喂养……
feed on ... (动物)以……为食
live on ... (多指人)以……为衣食；靠……生活
①I'm really fed up with such changeable weather.
我真的受够了这种多变的天气。
②The mother feeds biscuits to her baby.
那位母亲喂她的孩子饼干吃。
[串记]　Cows feed on grass, and my work is to feed them on grass every day. But I am fed up with feeding grass to cows and I am trying making a robot to work in place of me.
牛以草为食，我的工作就是每天用草喂养它们。但是我厌烦了给它们喂草，我正试着制造一个机器人来代替我工作。
[联想]　表示“讨厌；厌烦”的短语还有：
①be tired of (doing) sth.　对(做)……感到厌烦
②can't put up with无法忍受；对……感到厌烦
③be sick of 对……厌恶(讨厌的程度最重)
4．She had felt so proud as the group shouted loudly to applaud his choice. (P43)
部落成员为他的选择大声喝彩时，她感到很自豪。
★applaud vi.& vt.鼓掌欢迎；赞赏
①Everyone present at the meeting stood up to applaud.
所有出席会议的人们都站起来鼓掌(欢迎)。
applaud sb. for sth.　因某事而赞扬某人
applaud one's choice/courage/ambition
赞许某人的选择/勇气/雄心
②The audience applauded the singer for her successful performance.
观众为这位歌手成功的表演鼓掌。
5．If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year! (P43)
要是她今年早有预见，计划得更好些就好了。
★if only ...引导的是一种虚拟语气的感叹句，意为“但愿/如果……就好了”，它还可以用来引导虚拟语气的条件句。
(1)表示目前较难实现的愿望时使用if only sb. did/were ...
(2)表示与过去事实相反的愿望时使用if only sb. had done ...
(3)表示与将来事实相反的愿望时使用if only sb. would/could do ...
①If only I were slimmer, then I would be happier.
要是我更苗条就好了，那么我就会更开心。
②If only I had taken (take) her advice, everything would have been right.
要是我采纳了她的建议，一切就都好了。
③(2014·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)If only I could work in a computer company as a program designer in ten years.
十年后我要是能在一家电脑公司里做程序设计师该多好啊。
[联想]　only if“只有……”，only if本身不是一个固定词组。only是副词，用来修饰整个if从句。若用于句首，主句要部分倒装。
④Only if you practice more can you speak English well.
你只有多练习，才能说好英语。
★look ahead向前看；为将来打算
⑤Look ahead in the distance, and you can see the lights of the village.
往远处看，你便可以看见村庄里的灯光。
look ahead to ...展望……；考虑……
look into 往……里面看；调查
look up 抬头看；(在词典或参考书中)查阅
look up to 尊敬；敬仰
look back (on) 回顾
look forward to 盼望；期望
⑥Young people often look ahead tothe future while the elderly look back on the past.
青年人常看将来，老年人常思既往。
⑦Usually the little kids are looking forward to the festivals.
通常小孩子们都盼望节日。
6．She had almost reached her destination when a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped. (P43)
快到目的地的时候，一阵香气扑鼻，她停下来，不往前走了。
★arrest vt.逮捕；吸引n.逮捕；拘留
arrest sb. for (doing) sth.因(做)某事而逮捕某人
arrest one's attention 引起某人的注意
under arrest 被捕
①The bright colours of the flowers arrested the girl's attention.
花的艳丽色彩引起了那姑娘的注意。
②He wasarrested (arrest) for causing a serious car accident last month.
上个月他因造成严重车祸而被逮捕。
③The young man was under arrest in connection with the drug smuggling operation.
这个年轻人因涉嫌毒品走私而被捕。
[串记]　The headmaster of the school got arrested the other day and was still under arrest, which arrested the attention of the public.
这个学校的校长前几天被逮捕了，现在还在关押中，这引起了公众的注意。
7．Abruptly she sat down, only to be scooped up by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna.
她突然坐了下来，结果被又笑又叫的妹妹露娜一把抱了起来。
★(1)“only＋不定式”结构通常在句中作结果状语，表示出乎意料或令人失望的结果。句中不定式与句子的主语是被动关系时，不定式用被动形式。
①I hurried to the post office only to find it closed.
我匆匆地去邮局，却发现它已经关门了。
②Tom waited overnight only to be told they weren't even selling tickets to his town.
汤姆排了一晚上队，却被告知不卖开向他家的火车票。
(2)现在分词作结果状语表示必然的或合乎逻辑的结果，常置于句尾， 其前可以加thus。
③The sun began to rise in the sky, bathing (bathe) the mountain in golden light.
天空中太阳开始升起，使山脉沐浴在金色的阳光中。
8．All the objects are from the same excavation site in Sanxingdui and can be dated back to between 3,000 and 5,000 years ago. (P44)
所有的物品都来自于三星堆的一个挖掘点，时间可以追溯到3 000到5 000年前。
★date back to (＝date from)追溯到……；始于……
①The Forbidden City in Beijing dates back to 1406.
北京故宫始建于1406年。
②According to the expert, the temple has a history dating from/back to the early Tang Dynasty.
那个专家说这座寺庙历史悠久，可追溯到初唐时期。
[点津]　追溯是从现在算起指向过去，所以这个短语常用一般现在时，而不用一般过去时。作后置定语时，常用现在分词。
out of date　过时的
up to date 最新的
to date 到目前为止
③Cassette tape recorders are out of date now.
现在，盒式磁带录音机过时了。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．After many years' practice, she now is skilful (skill) in playing almost all kinds of music.
2．The famous star was applauded (applaud) as she came on stage.
3．Fifteen persons were under arrest because of the serious violence.
4．Tom was about to close the window when his attention was caught by a bird.
5．If only Ihadn't told (not tell) him the bad news then.
6．Don't you get fed up with the same thing every day?
7．She came to the station only to be told (tell) the train had left.
8．I'm looking forward to meeting (meet) you again.
9．Having finished (finish) his homework, Tom went to play basketball.
10．There are no significant (significance) differences between the two groups of students.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．Everyone shouldlook ahead and save a little money each year for his retirement.
每个人都应为将来计划，每年为退休存点钱。
2. If onlythe whole family could be united during the Spring Festival this year!
今年春节全家能团圆就好了！
3．Don't worry, we'll get the money back somehow.
别担心，我们总会把那些钱拿回来的。
4．A lot of good land has gone with them, leaving only sand.
许多好的土地也随之消失了，留下来的只是沙漠。
5．Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to enter the room.
只有得到老师的允许，学生才可以进入这个房间。
Ⅲ.句型转换
1．This stone bridge dates back 3,000 years.
→This stone bridge datesfrom/backto 3,000 years ago.
→This stone bridge hasahistoryof 3,000 years.
2．The plan to be carried out is greatly significant to people's life here.
→The plan to be carried out is ofgreatsignificance to people's life here.
3．That rich man is tired of city life, so he is content to live in the country.
→That rich man isfedupwith city life, so he is content to live in the country.
[对应学生课下能力提升(十九)]
Ⅰ.根据提示写出单词的正确形式
1．She took a mouthful of food and then suddenly spat/spit (吐出) it out.
2．He didn't mean to, but he deleted (删除) the files by accident.
3．I could hear the wolves howling (嗥叫) in the forest.
4．The police have arrested (逮捕) almost everybody who is involved in the murder.
5．The children ran in a circle until they were dizzy(晕眩的)．
6．Wrinkles (皱纹) are lines which form on someone's face as they grow old.
7．My mother suggested that I should have a systematic(system) way of organizing my work.
8．One of the three sons was not pleased with the division(divide) of the father's money.
9．With the help of his teacher, John soon became very skilful (skill) in dealing with the technical problems.
10．The new discovery of oil is of great significance (significant) to the country's economy.
Ⅱ.选词填空
be fed up with， refer to， lie in wait for， date back to， make sure， on behalf of， break out， look ahead
1．When I am faced with difficulty, I usually choose to refer to relevant learning materials or Web pages.
2．I am fed up with his laziness and carelessness.
3．Chinese currency can date back to two thousand years ago.
4．The police spend a few days lying in wait for the suspected man.
5．Whenever we are in trouble, we mustlook ahead and encourage ourselves.
6．A terrible fire broke out in the city last week.
7．I suggested choosing some students to see the singer on behalf of the whole class.
8．Tomake sure that he was at home, I called him up in advance.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．lf only my mother were here with me now!
要是母亲现在和我在一起就好了！
2. Having collected all the information,he began to analyze it.
收集完所有的信息，他开始分析这些信息。
3．The mother loved her children and let them have their way, only to spoil them.
这位母亲爱她的孩子，孩子们要怎样就怎样，结果却宠坏了他们。
4．The solution he put forward for the problem was of great significance.
他提出的解决这个问题的措施很重要。
5．I had just finished my test paper when the bell rang, announcing that the exam was over.
我刚做完试卷，这时铃就响了，宣告着考试结束了。
Ⅳ.完形填空
When Sue Strong's apartment grew quiet in the afternoon, she wasn't too surprised to find her companion Henri surrounded by opened jars and entertaining herself with fruits.
Life with Henri is never 1 . But Henri is not a(n) 2 roommate. She is one of the 50 working simians (猿猴) in the Helping Hands program, which trains monkeys to 3 those who are permanently unable to use their arms and legs with day-to-day tasks.
For the past 18 years, Henri has been 4 with Strong, who became paralyzed (瘫痪的) in a car accident. Henri can turn on the TV, switch the lights on and off, and bring Strong a drink when she's 5 .“Henri is a great 6 to me，” Strong said. “I can' t 7 what life would be without her.” Strong has an assistant who comes to her home each morning and night to help her. When the assistant 8 ， Henri takes over, allowing Strong to stay alone for hours.“Without an assistant or family member around to help, if I drop the stick I hold in my 9 to lift light switches, I would be in the 10 ，” she said.“With Henri, I can spend eight hours alone and be 11 .”
When Strong needs something, she 12 the object she wants with a mouth-operated laser light (激光)，which is attached to her chair. “Henri is 13 to look for the laser light，” Strong said. “When she sees the object I 14 ， she knows what to do.” Henri is also trained to fetch and 15 jars of juice and place sandwiches in a holder. “With Henri, I usually find that I'm sharing my food with her，” Strong said. The two have grown so 16 over the years that Strong considers Henri part of the 17 .
Not only does Henri help Strong with 18 tasks，she also makes Strong 19 with her playfulness. While people are sometimes shy about talking to Strong when she is out alone, everyone 20 to talk to her when she is with Henri.
语篇解读：本文是记叙文。文章讲述了一个四肢瘫痪的人在猴子的帮助下生活的故事。
1．A.exciting B．boring
C．healthy D．busy
解析：选B　由第一段中的“she wasn't too surprised to find her companion Henri surrounded by opened jars and entertaining herself with fruits”可知，和Henri在一起的生活从不单调。 boring“单调的”。
2．A.good B．important
C．peaceful D．common
解析：选D　由下文的“She is one of the 50 working simians (猿猴) in the Helping Hands program”可知，Henri不是一个普通的室友。common“普通的”。
3．A.entertain B．treat
C．assist D．save
解析：选C　由第三段中的“Henri can turn on the TV, switch the lights on and off, and bring Strong a drink ... ”可知，该项目训练猴子们帮助那些四肢瘫痪的人。帮助“assist”。
4．A.playing B．living
C．working D．talking
解析：选B　由上下文可知，Henri应该是和Strong“住”在一起。
5．A.thirsty B．hungry
C．angry D．sick
解析：选A　由上文的“bring Strong a drink”可知，此处是说当Strong“口渴”的时候。
6．A.teacher B．help
C．success D．toy
解析：选B　由下文的“Henri takes over, allowing Strong to stay alone for hours”可知，Henri对Strong的帮助很大故选“help”。
7．A.imagine B．expect
C．believe D．tell
解析：选A　Henri对Strong的帮助很大，因而她无法“想象”没有Henri的生活会是什么样子。
8．A.calls B．visits
C．leaves D．stops
解析：选C　由下文的“Henri takes over, allowing Strong to stay alone for hours”可知，此处是说当助手“离开”时，Henri就接过助手的工作。
9．A.hand B．foot
C．mouth D．arm
解析：选C　由第二段中的“those who are permanently unable to use their arms and legs”及第三段中的“who became paralyzed (瘫痪的) in a car accident”可知，Strong四肢瘫痪，只能用“嘴”来咬住棍子。
10．A.future B．crowd
C．park D．dark
解析：选D　由上文的“if I drop the stick I hold ... to lift light switches”可知，如果Strong把用来开灯的棍子掉了，她将处在“黑暗”中。
11．A.special B．normal
C．fine D．proud
解析：选C　有了Henri，Strong可以单独呆八个小时而没有问题。故选“fine”。
12．A.points at B．looks at
C．searches for D．heads for
解析：选A　由下文的“with a mouth-operated laser light”可知，此处应该是说Strong把激光指向她想要的东西。points at“指向”。
13．A.asked B．trained
C．persuaded D．forced
解析：选B　由下文的“Henri is also trained to fetch ...”可知，此处是说Henri被“训练”寻找激光。
14．A.buy B．need
C．get D．like
解析：选B　由上文的“When Strong needs something”可知，此处是说当Henri在激光的指引下看到Strong“需要”的东西时就知道该做什么。
15．A.break B．fill
C．destroy D．open
解析：选D　由下文的“place sandwiches in a holder”及“I usually find that I'm sharing my food with her”可推测，Henri被训练去取并“打开”果汁瓶。
16．A.strong B．different
C．close D．warm
解析：选C　由上文的“I usually find that I'm sharing my food with her”可推测，多年来Henri和Strong关系已经很“亲密”。
17．A.room B．family
C．program D．game
解析：选B　Strong把Henri视为“家庭”的一部分。
18．A.hard B．huge
C．daily D．pleasant
解析：选C　由第二段中的“with day-to-day tasks”及第三、四段中的描述可知，Henri帮Strong处理日常事务。daily“日常的”。
19．A.happy B．lucky
C．afraid D．active
解析：选A　由下文的“with her playfulness”可知，Henri还能使Strong“快乐”。
20．A.chooses B．plans
C．promises D．wants
解析：选D　在“While people are sometimes shy about talking to Strong when she is out alone”中， While起转折作用，故此处应该是说当Strong和Henri在一起时每个人都“想”和她聊天。
Ⅴ.阅读理解
A
The Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum lies in the National Mall in Washington, D．C.Founded in 1976, the museum has the largest and most important collection of air and space artifacts (人工制品)．It receives more than 8 million visitors per year, making it the most visited museum in America.
What You'll Find
In the museum, you'll find thousands of objects.The most valuable ones are the 1903 Wright Flyer, Lindbergh's so-called“Spirit of St.Louis”， the Apollo 11 Command Module Columbia and a lunar rock you can touch.
This museum also has an IMAX theater, a planetarium (天文馆) and a building from which you can watch the stars, the weather, etc.Daily tours are offered and educational events are available for children and adults.The museum also features science story times for younger children.
Plan Your Visit
Regular hours are from 10 am to 5：30 pm, but the museum does not close until 7：30 pm during the summer.There is limited metered street parking available, as well as several local parking areas, including two blocks south at 6th and C Street SW, however, the easiest way to reach the museum is by underground or Metrobus.The closest Metro stop is Smithsonian, on the Blue and Orange lines. The 32, 34 and 36 Metrobus routes will all take you to the National Mall.
语篇解读：本文为应用文，题材为新闻广告类。本文主要介绍了史密森尼国家航空航天博物馆的展品、活动、开馆时间及附近的交通情况。
1．The Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum .
A．is the largest museum in the US
B．has the longest history in the US
C．is a museum mainly designed for kids
D．is the most popular museum in the US
解析：选D　细节理解题。由第一段“...making it the most visited museum in America”可知，史密森尼国家航空航天博物馆是美国最受欢迎的博物馆。
2．Which of the following activities is specially designed for kids?
A．Watching stars.
B．Listening to science stories.
C．Touching a lunar rock in person.
D．Watching air and space artifacts.
解析：选B　细节理解题。由第三段最后一句可知，科学方面的故事是专门为小孩设计的。
3．You are recommended to go to the museum.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A．by underground B．by taxi
C．by self-driving C．on foot
解析：选A　细节理解题。由最后一段“...the easiest way to reach the museum is by underground or Metrobus”可知，最便捷的交通方式是坐地铁或者公交。
B
It is a tiny portrait of one of the most powerful women of the Renaissance.And for more than 50 years the old BBC journalist Charles Wheeler kept the picture of Eleonora of Toledo on his bookshelf.
But yesterday Wheeler returned the painting to Berlin's Gem?ldegalerie after discovering that it was a priceless original looted (掠夺) from the museum during the Second World War, not a copy as he had thought.
Wheeler, 83, acquired the 16th-century portrait by the Florentine artist Alessandro Allori from a German farmer who dropped in to the BBC's West Berlin office.“It was 1952.At the time people could move freely between East and West，”he said yesterday.“We were doing a programme called Letters Without Signature, where people living in the eastern zone could write a letter.The farmer reached into his pocket, took out a brown envelope and said it was a wedding present for me.” The farmer claimed he had got it from a Russian soldier in exchange for two sacks of potatoes to make vodka.Over the next 50-plus years Wheeler, one of the BBC's most distinguished foreign journalists, took the miniature (小画像) with him.“I was burgled four times over the years，”he said.“People were always taking my TV and radio.But they ignored the painting.”
It was only last year while making a BBC radio series on missing art that Wheeler realised the painting could have been stolen.After contacting the London-based Commission for Looted Art in Europe the work was swiftly identified as a minor masterpiece and returned yesterday to Berlin's picture gallery, where it was last seen in 1939.
Yesterday Anne Webber, co-chair of the commission, hailed (赞扬) the work as one of the “earliest diplomatic portraits of a woman”．“It's a charming painting，” she said.The miniature depicts (描绘) Eleonora of Toledo，whose husband Cosimo de Medici was one of Renaissance Italy's most powerful men.
语篇解读：一位记者得到一幅意大利文艺复兴时期一位妇女的画像，但他以为是复制品，因此并没有在意。在保存了50多年以后，他最后得知画像是柏林艺术馆在二战中被盗的真品，于是他把这幅画归还给了该艺术馆。
4．Charles Wheeler kept the miniature on his bookshelf because.
A．he thought it was of little value
B．he thought it would be safer there
C．he liked the picture very much
D．he wanted it to be seen by others
解析：选A　细节理解题。从第二段最后可知，这位BBC记者本来以为这是一件复制品，并没有重视。
5．The miniature was probably taken from the Berlin's picture gallery by.
A．a burglar
B．a German farmer
C．a Russian soldier
D．a worker at the gallery
解析：选C　推理判断题。由第三段可知，这幅画是一个德国农民从一个俄国士兵手中用两袋土豆换来的。由此可以推断，该画很可能在战乱中落入一个俄国士兵手中。
6．In what way is the miniature considered to be priceless?
A．It survived the Second World War.
B．It depicts a powerful woman of the Renaissance.
C．It is a masterpiece by a famous artist in Germany.
D．It was painted more than 50 years ago.
解析：选B　推理判断题。从第一段和最后一段可知，这是一幅意大利文艺复兴时期一位重要妇女的画像，它具有重大意义。
7．From the passage we can learn.
A．the painting was drawn by a woman of the Renaissance
B．Allori gave the journalist the painting as a wedding present
C．Charles Wheeler has kept the painting for over 50 years
D．Eleonora of Toledo was one of the most powerful men in Italy
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段和第三段中的倒数第三句话可知，他保存这幅画已经50多年了。

　　　[技法指导]
描写物品属于说明文。说明文应具有知识性、科学性、应用性、解说性和条理性，描写一件物品，就是把某一物品的特点呈现在读者面前，使该物品给读者留下生动具体的印象，从而使读者体会到美感或者从中得到知识或启示。
物品介绍类说明文写作应注意以下几点：
1．抓住特征、说明到位
物品介绍类说明文要把一件物品展现在读者眼前，给读者一种“虽不见其物，却犹见其貌”的效果，因此抓住事物的特征，即这一事物区别于其它事物的标志，就显得尤为重要。只有抓住了事物的特点，才能给读者留下深刻的印象。
2．层次分明，条理清晰、内容连贯
物品介绍类说明文要采用恰当的说明顺序。写作时要根据说明对象的特征来合理安排写作顺序，从物品的外观、构造、功能等方面来分层描述，做到层次分明、条理清晰、内容连贯。
3．表现手法多样
像其它说明文一样，物品介绍类说明文可采用举例子、列数字、作比较等不同的说明方式，以便让读者更好地了解所介绍的物品。
4．语言简明、贴切
写说明文时，语言要通俗、简洁、准确。
黄金表达
①It looks like ...
②It may be used as/for ...
③It is made from/of ...
④It is ... metres high/long, with ... on its top.
⑤It is as big/high as ...
[写作规范]
[题目要求]
假设你是李华，周末在一家历史博物馆作义务讲解员。请你根据所给提示写一篇英语解说词，以便向外国游客介绍该文物。
出土文物
三只骨笛：
①最长的一支长20多厘米，为两孔骨笛，通体刻画着菱形纹饰，十分精美；
②一支为5孔，保存完好。
出土时间
2013年10月
发掘地
河南省舞阳县贾湖村的贾湖遗址
特点
①材料是鸟类骨头；
②可追溯到8 000年前，是中国最早的乐器。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：笛子flute；菱形的diamond-shaped
[三步作文法]
第一步　搜索词汇
1．展览品　　exhibit
2．掘出dig out
3．坐落于 be located in
4．雕刻 carve
5．保存 preserve
6．追溯到 date back to
7．不要犹豫做某事 do not hesitate to
第二步　巧用语法和句型
1．很荣幸在这里成为你们的向导。
It's my honour to be your guide here.
2．最长的一支长20多厘米，为两孔骨笛，通体刻画着菱形纹饰，十分精美。
The longest one, which has two finger holes, is more than 20 centimetres long and it was carved with delicate diamond-shaped designs.
3．它们可以追溯到8 000年前，这使得它们成为中国最古老的乐器。
They date back to 8,000 years ago, which makes them the oldest musical instruments in China. (非限制性定语从句)
第三步　连接过渡成篇
Welcome, everyone! It's my honour to be your guide here.
The exhibits in front of you are named bone flutes. They were dug out in Jiahu Site, located in Jiahu Village, Wuyang County, Henan Province in October, 2013.
The longest one, which has two finger holes, is more than 20 centimetres long and it was carved with delicate diamond-shaped designs. Another one has five holes and is well preserved. Experts say these flutes are made of bones of birds. They date back to 8,000 years ago, which makes them the oldest musical instruments in China.
If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to ask me. Thank you.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　[对应学生课下能力提升(二十)]
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Andrea Cammelleri woke up, looked out the front window of her house in West Jefferson, Ohio, and panicked.Her Ford Ranger, which had been parked on the street the night before, was gone.
She called 911, but was told, “It was held for overtime parking.”Cammelleri was confused.There weren't any “No Parking” signs posted along the roadside.Her truck was licensed and drivable.Plus, she'd been parking it on the street nearly every day and night since she'd moved into her home two and a half years earlier.
Later, when a police officer sent the ticket, she found she'd been fined D|S120 for breaking a village parking law.She looked it up online.It said that it was illegal to park“any motor vehicle camper, trailer, and/or non-motorized vehicle” on a street for more than 24 hours. She didn't believe that the law applied to her vehicle.“My truck wasn't a ‘motor vehicle camper’，” she says.
She went to the city office to point out the grammatical error, expecting the mayor to “give up the ticket”．That didn't happen, so she officially fought the law.The village argued that the law did apply, despite the missing comma (逗号) between the phrase “motor vehicle” and the word “camper”．The court agreed, ruling that she had to pay the fine.
She didn't give up.On June 22, 2015, the three judges in higher court generally supported her, which is called“a victory for punctuation”．“According to grammar rules, items in a series are separated by commas，”judge Robert Hendrickson wrote.“Reading ‘motor vehicle camper’ as one item does not produce an absurd result.If the village desires a different reading, it should put a comma between the phrase ‘motor vehicle’ and ‘camper’．”In the end, the village took his advise.
语篇解读：本文为记叙文，题材为人物故事类。一位妇女在收到停车罚款之后发现规定中的一个语法错误，从而赢得了一场官司。
1．What happened to Cammelleri's truck?
A．It was parked at a wrong place.
B．It broke down on the street.
C．It was stolen by a thief at night.
D．It was taken away by the police.
解析：选D　细节理解题。由第二段“It was held for overtime parking”可知，她的车因为停放时间长，而被扣留了。
2．Why did Cammelleri think the law didn't apply to her truck?
A．She had her license to drive her truck.
B．She lived there for two and a half years.
C．She found a grammar mistake in the law.
D．She didn't leave her truck there for a long time.
解析：选C　细节理解题。由第三段“My truck wasn't a ‘motor vehicle camper’”可知，她认为自己的车不是motor vehicle camper，所以这条法律不适用于她的车。
3．We can infer that Cammeller.
A．failed in her first case
B．won the support of the mayor
C．was fined for refusing the ticket
D．made the court admit the grammar mistake
解析：选A　推理判断题。由第四段“The court agreed, ruling that she had to pay the fine”可知，在第一次诉讼中，她败诉了。
4．What is the main idea of the text?
A．A comma makes a woman avoid a parking ticket.
B．A woman refuses to pay a fine for parking wrongly.
C．A parking ticket leads to a change of grammar rules.
D．A court judgment shows the importance of grammar.
解析：选A　主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了一个妇女的车被扣留，她通过发现法律中的一个标点符号错误得以避免被罚款的故事。
Ⅱ.任务型阅读
Losing weight is tough. For most people, it requires a change in diet, a change in exercise habits, and a change in attitude. 1.
?Set healthy goals.
If you're overweight and want to change that, the first step is deciding what your target weight is. 2.
?Start small.
Making major behavior modifications (行为矫正) isn't something that happens overnight. 3.Commit to eating 5 servings of vegetables a day and exercising 2 days a week for the first week, then add a little more each week.
?Track your diet and exercise.
Now it's time to start working toward that goal. The best way to stick with your diet and exercise rules is to track it. 4. Or you can do it the old fashioned way and keep a written food and exercise journal. Find what works for you and write down what you've accomplished every day.
?5.
Every month you should take a look at your goal and see what type of progress you've made toward accomplishing it. If you're not where you want to be, make minor adjustments. Try doing different exercises or cutting back on certain types of foods that you may be eating too much of.
Losing weight and keeping it off is a highly personal thing. Find what works for you and stick with it.
A．Evaluate and adjust.
B．Here's how you can accomplish all the three.
C．You might as well start with your own attitude.
D．There are plenty of apps that allow you to do this.
E．What steps are you going to take to achieve your goal?
F．So start with 1－2 things per week and work up from there.
G．Write down your goal and set a date by which you want to accomplish that goal.
答案：1～5　BGFDA
Ⅲ.完形填空
When I was diagnosed with breast cancer a few years back, I reacted like most who receive a cancer diagnosis, the first thing that came to mind was a “death sentence”. 1 instead of complaining, I decided to look for the 2 side of it.
I realized that I was about to 3 a new beginning. I knew that I had to develop and gain 4 from all my experiences. Even with the pain I had to 5 through each diagnosis, and all the 6 I've dealt with all my life, I still felt truly lucky. I 7 myself that I “still have my life”， so who am I to 8 ？
One day, I had an unusual experience. I turned that experience into a 9 and I called it “Peace”. Writing had become therapy (治疗) for me. I took that poem, along with many others I had 10 during ray breast cancer period and placed them in book form. I was 11 enough to have that book published. I later had another inspirational children's book 12 ， with a third one 13 . I'm hoping that anyone who has the chance to read my first book of poems will benefit from it. My poems are from the heart, and I wish to have a positive 14 on someone who's ill. I 15 believe when you survive a serious 16 like cancer, it's for a reason and I want to live to 17 exactly what that is for me.
That's what I'm all about now, inspiration. I would have 18 become a writer, producing inspirational poems and stories, if I had not gone through all that I did. I'm a true example that you can 19 cancer, as long as you have faith and allow that faith to 20 your path.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者患癌症，但没有抱怨，而是通过写诗歌和小说来阐述人生，最终他战胜了病魔。
1．A.However B．Besides
C．Therefore D．Otherwise
解析：选A　 上文说，作者对于患上癌症首先想到的是“死亡判决”；下文说，作者并没有抱怨。据此可判断前后文之间是转折关系，故A项正确。
2．A.bad B．opposite
C．right D．positive
解析：选D　根据该句中“instead of complaining”可知，作者没有选择抱怨而是决定寻找癌症积极的一面；D项意为“积极的”，符合语境。
3．A.mark B．miss
C．face D．find
解析：选C　根据语境可知，作者将面对新的开始。C项意为“面对，面临”，符合语境。
4．A.advantage B．strength
C．knowledge D．skill
解析：选B　根据该句中的“from all my experiences”可以判断，作者决定从自己的经历中获得战胜癌症的力量；B项意为“力量”，符合语境。
5．A.express B．hide
C．go D．bear
解析：选D　根据该句中的“with the pain”可知，作者要忍受癌症的痛苦；D项意为“忍受”，符合语境。
6．A.chances B．struggles
C．decisions D．businesses
解析：选B　根据该句中的“I've dealt with all my life”并结合前文作者对患癌症的叙述可以判断，B项“挣扎”，符合语境。
7．A.persuaded B．showed
C．reminded D．taught
解析：选C　根据语境可知，作者提醒自己，自己仍然活着；C项意为“提醒”，故C项正确。
8．A.complain B．encourage
C．disappoint D．please
解析：选A　根据上文第一段最后一句中的“complaining”并结合语境可知，A项正确。
9．A.poem B．novel
C．diary D．play
解析：选A　根据下文的“I took that poem”可知，作者将那次经历写成了一首诗；A项意为“诗歌”，符合语境。
10．A.read B．learned
C．written D．collected
解析：选C　根据上句中的“Writing”可以判断，这些诗是作者在患癌症期间写的，故C项正确。
11．A.confident B．lucky
C．careful D．satisfied
解析：选B　根据该句中的“enough to have that book published”可以判断，作者足够幸运，出版了自己的诗集，故B项正确。
12．A.published B．translated
C．typed D．reviewed
解析：选A　根据上句中的“have that book published”及本句中的another可以判断，作者又出版了一本书，故A项正确。
13．A.in the dark B．above the average
C．ahead of time D．on the way
解析：选D　根据该句中的“another ... with a third one”可以判断，第三本书将要出版；on the way意为“即将发生”，符合语境。
14．A.impression B．influence
C．result D．conclusion
解析：选B　作者的诗歌源于心灵，作者希望它们对病人有积极的影响。have an influence on为固定短语，符合语境。
15．A.hardly B．honestly
C．truly D．widely
解析：选C　作者真的相信，你能从像癌症这样的重疾中存活下来，这肯定是有原因的；C项意为“真正地”，符合语境。
16．A.accident B．diagnosis
C．disaster D．disease
解析：选D　根据该句中的“like cancer”可以判断，这里指像癌症那样的重病，故D项正确。
17．A.look for B．find out
C．concentrate on D．pick out
解析：选B　根据该句中的“it's for a reason”可知，作者要弄清楚对他来说那是什么；B项意为“弄清楚，弄明白”，符合语境。
18．A.ever B．already
C．just D．never
解析：选D　 根据语境可知，如果不是癌症，作者肯定不可能成为作家，写出鼓舞人心的诗歌和故事，故D项正确。
19．A.cure B．develop
C．survive D．treat
解析：选C　 根据前文第三段最后一句中的“survive”可知，作者是从癌症中存活下来的真实例子，故C项正确。
20．A.direct B．cross
C．follow D．walk
解析：选A　根据该句中的“your path”可知，只要你有信念，并让信念指引你的方向，那么你就可能会战胜癌症。A项符合语境。
Ⅳ.语法填空
A few years ago, I had to stay at the hospital for three days for a medical test.I 1.(ask) to stay awake for more than 30 hours because of the test.It could be 2.(extreme) difficult for anyone.And I didn't believe I could make it.My mother said she would accompany me.But I knew even 3. my mother accompanying me, it wouldn't be easy.
To my surprise, that afternoon 4. my mom came to my room, she had my friend Susan with her.That afternoon Susan called my mother.As soon as she 5. (hear) I needed to stay awake for so long, she decided to help me.So she offered 6.(come) to the hospital to stay with me and help keep me awake.Things became much 7. (easy) than I had imagined with Susan's help.She told me stories and jokes, and time passed very quickly.
Without Susan's help, 8. whole stay in the hospital would have been much more difficult.And our 9. (friend) became deeper from then on.I think nothing can keep us apart.I'm so 10. (thank) that I have such a friend.
语篇解读：本文为记叙文，题材为个人生活类。作者在医院里因为一个测试要保持清醒30个小时。庆幸的是，她得到了一位朋友的帮助。
1．解析：was asked　考查时态语态。根据语境可知，作者被要求保持清醒30个小时，又因为这是发生在过去的动作，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
2．解析：extremely　考查副词。difficult是形容词，前面需用副词修饰。
3．解析：with　考查介词。with sb. doing sth.表示伴随。
4．解析：when　考查连词。这里是指当作者的妈妈来作者房间的时候。
5．解析：heard　考查时态。这是一个发生在过去的动作，故填hear的一般过去式。
6．解析：to come　考查动词不定式。offer to do sth.意为“主动提出做某事”。
7．解析：easier　考查比较级。这里是进行对比，表示事情变得更容易了。
8．解析：the　考查冠词。the whole stay特指呆在医院的整个经历。
9．解析：friendship　考查名词。从那时起，我们的友谊变得更深了。
10．解析：thankful　考查形容词。该空在句中作表语，因此使用thank的形容词形式。
Ⅴ.短文改错
Last Saturday, our school had organized an activity to visit the children at a local orphanage. As one of the volunteer, I took part in it. We took many books as well many kinds of school supplies and toys to the children. They were delighting to receive the gifts. In the morning, we played some games with them when we used to play in our childhood. Then we cooked and had lunch here. In the afternoon, we gave them some performances. Before leaving the orphanage, we had photos take with them and gave them our contact details so that they could keep in touch with one another. Each of us had a happily time. We gave the children our care and help, but in return, they gave us their smiles and love.
答案：第一句：去掉had
第二句：volunteer→volunteers
第三句：well后加as
第四句：delighting→delighted
第五句：when→that/which
第六句：here→there
第八句：take→taken; they→we
第九句：happily→happy
第十句：but→and
Unit 5　课下能力提升(十七)
阅读理解
A
I will be the first to say that I am not materialistic. My friends regard me as a goody-goody. My parents say I am conservative (保守的) and modest when it comes to clothes. None of my skirts or shorts end above my knees. That is my choice.
So why, why did I feel so attracted? My family and I were in a shopping mall, and there it was, waiting — a skirt specifically designed not to cover anything. It looked like something one of those modern schoolgirls would wear.
I checked my purse. The skirt cost DS|10. I had the money. I could buy it. I imagined walking into school and my friends' jaws dropping. Boys would ask me out, and I would be happy. I_could_buy_it,_no,_I_should_buy_it.
I showed my mother. She was surprised but said it was my decision. My sister looked on enviously. I went into the dressing room to try it on. So sure was I that this skirt would change me, somehow make me not what I am but what I wished to be. I slid my jeans off and put it on. Now for the decisive moment, I looked in the mirror. There I was — a terrible girl in a Superman T-shirt and sneakers. My glasses fogged up as I started to cry.
The skirt did not change me. Though it fit well and might make me look good in the eyes of today's world, it was not me. I am not a girl who wears cool clothes to fit in.
I took the thing off and went back into the comfort of the modesty (质朴). My mom knocked on the door.“Emily, are you okay？”
I wiped away my tears.“I'm fine.” I looked in the mirror again and saw a blond slim girl with thick glasses. I saw myself.
1．How did the author think her friends would react to her new skirt?
A．They would start to copy her new style.
B．They would think of her as a goody-goody.
C．They would be amazed to see the big change in her.
D．They would envy her when they saw how beautiful she looked.
2．The underlined sentence indicated the author ________.
A．hesitated about buying the skirt
B．was able to afford to buy the skirt
C．made up her mind to buy the skirt
D．worried about others' opinions on the skirt
3．The author cried because ________.
A．the skirt made her look so good
B．she found that she looked ugly in the skirt
C．she was disappointed that the skirt did not fit well
D．she realized it's a wrong decision to make a change
4．What is the main point of the article?
A．It's important to be yourself.
B．Others' opinions don't matter at all.
C．Girls should wear clothes with modesty.
D．It's better for girls to wear conservative clothes.
B
Under the cold clear water of Lake Huron, researchers have found a five-and-a-half-foot-long piece of wood that is 8,900 years old. The wood, which is tapered (使成锥形) on one side in a way that looks deliberate, may provide important clues to a mysterious period in North American prehistory.
“This was the stage when humans gradually shifted from hunting large animals to fishing, gathering and agriculture，”said anthropologist John O'Shea.“But because most of the places in this area that prehistoric people lived in are now under water, we don't have good evidence of this important shift itself. We just have clues from before and after the change.”
With support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), O'Shea and his colleague Guy Meadows began exploring the area several years ago. In 2009 they reported finding a series of stone features that they believe were “drive lanes” used by ancient Indian hunters.
Since that discovery, O'Shea and Meadows have worked on identifying human campsites, which are typically located away from hunting areas. On their 25-foot boat, the researchers first spotted the ancient wood object using a small piece of equipment with a camera. Then a team of divers — including O'Shea — went down about 100 feet to get it.
The wood's age has now been fixed by means of carbon dating. It is currently undergoing more detailed analyses to determine whether there has been human modification, which visual examination suggests.“The first thing you notice is that it appears to have been shaped with a rounded base and a pointed tip，”O'Shea said.“It must have been created. It looks like it might have been used as a tent pole or a pole to hang meat.”
In addition to the wood, the researchers have collected many other samples from the bottom of the lake. O'Shea and his colleagues will need to wait for calmer weather before they can resume their search for evidence of human life under the great lake.
5．During the mysterious period mentioned in the passage, the Lake Huron area ________.
A．was deserted by ancient Indians
B．witnessed the start of agriculture
C．was taken up by large animals
D．began to be covered by water
6．Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A．The findings of John O'Shea and his colleagues may prove a previous theory.
B．The effort that John O'Shea and Meadows made before 2010 was meaningless.
C．Some equipment was used to support the discovery.
D．John O'Shea and his colleagues didn't draw the final conclusion from visual examination.
7．What's the fourth paragraph mainly about?
A．How the wood was found.
B．Why the wood is important.
C．Preparations that were made for the discovery of the wood.
D．Conclusions the experts have made from the discovery of the wood.
8．What do we know about the future plan of John O'Shea and his colleagues?
A．They will explore another lake soon.
B．They will study the weather around Lake Huron.
C．They will have a long holiday before going back to work.
D．They will continue to explore Lake Huron.
C
Scientist Kathy Berry started thinking about her own routine of putting sugar in her coffee and started a study to test how little routines influence our experiences.
The first experiment involved two groups and each participant was given a piece of chocolate. The first group was asked to relax and then eat the bar at any time. The second was given a set of detailed instructions to follow before eating. The group that went through the specific chocolate eating routine actually enjoyed eating the chocolate more than the other group. The key, according to researchers, is in the deliberate participation of the task. Random (随机的) movements didn't add to the joy. People who participated in a simple routine before eating, particularly after a delay between the routine and consumption, enjoyed the food more.
What researchers found is that when we participate in short and deliberate behaviors, we tend to enjoy our experiences more. The data was so clear after four different experiments that researchers may now begin looking at how routines could help us recover faster after an operation, reduce our pains, and enlarge our life experience in other ways.
I am a mom of four kids but I've got plenty of routines of my own. Some are little and silly. Others are quiet and personal, such as my routine of morning gratitude (感恩) and the prayer at the end of the day. But they all do the same things — they slow me down, reduce my stress, allow me to pause and connect, to become present and to be mindful of the moment. Each of them does help me enjoy my life and that often leads to gratitude and appreciation.
9．In the first experiment, the participants of the second group was asked to ________.
A．have a short relaxation
B．eat the chocolate at random
C．give a piece of chocolate to others
D．follow detailed instructions
10．Why did researchers carry out the four different experiments?
A．To further confirm the researchers' assumption.
B．To persuade people to join in the experiments.
C．To find out the different effects of daily routines.
D．To question about the result of the first experiment.
11．From the last paragraph, we can infer that the author's routines ________.
A．make her self-centered
B．have no influence on her life
C．bring her a better life
D．change her life completely
12．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Healthy eating can bring people more joy.
B．Little routines can influence our experiences.
C．Experiences do matter in our daily lives.
D．Living a life of gratitude can make people happy.
课下能力提升(十七)
Ⅰ. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者在文中讲述了自己尝试改变穿衣风格的经历，启示我们：最重要的是做真正的自己。
1．解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段第五句“I imagined walking into school and my friends' jaws dropping.”可知，作者是一个很保守的女孩，所以她认为如果她穿着那件极为暴露的衣服去学校的话，她的朋友肯定会对她的改变感到吃惊。故答案选C。
2．解析：选C　句意理解题。根据第三段中的“I had the money. I could buy it.”可知，作者有买这件衣服的钱。画线句体现了作者从确定自己可以买这件衣服到最终决定买这件衣服的心理过程。故答案选C。
3．解析：选D　推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“The skirt did not change me. Though it fit well ... it was not me.”可知，虽然这件衣服穿上合身，但它并没有改变作者，穿上这件衣服后，作者感觉自己不再是自己了。由此可推知，作者哭泣是因为她意识到改变穿衣风格是个错误的决定。故答案选D。
4．解析：选A　主旨大意题。根据倒数第三段中的“Though it fit well ... it was not me.”及最后一段最后一句“I saw myself.”可知，作者通过讲述自己尝试改变穿衣风格的经历，启示我们：最重要的是做真正的自己。故答案选A。
5．解析：选B　推理判断题。从第一、二段的“... may provide important clues to a mysterious period in North American prehistory ... when humans gradually shifted from hunting large animals to fishing, gathering and agriculture”可知B项正确。
6．解析：选B　细节理解题。从第三段的“In 2009 they reported finding a series of stone features that they believe were ‘drive lanes’ used by ancient Indian hunters.”可知，John O'Shea和Meadows 之前的研究也是有成效的。
7．解析：选A　段落大意题。本段主要交待了 John O'Shea 和同事们从何时开始、使用何种方法找到了这块木头。
8．解析：选D　细节理解题。从最后一段的“O'Shea and his colleagues will need to wait for calmer weather before they can resume their search for evidence of human life under the great lake.”可知答案。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究者通过试验发现，人们的日常习惯会影响人们对生活的体验和感受。作者的经历也证明了这一点。
9．解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“The second was given a set of detailed instructions to follow before eating.”可知，第二组参与者在吃巧克力之前得到了一套详细的要遵守的指示。故选D项。
10．解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“The date was so clear ... faster after an operation ...”可推知，研究人员做四次不同试验是为了更进一步来证明日常习惯对人们的体验有积极的影响，可能会加快人们术后康复的进程。故选A项，即为了进一步证实研究者的假设。
11．解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Each of them does help me enjoy my life and that often leads to gratitude and appreciation.”可知，作者的日常习惯帮助她更好地享受生活，让她懂得感恩与欣赏。由此可知C项正确。
12．解析：选B　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者的经历以及研究者的试验都证明了人们的日常习惯会影响人们对生活的体验这一观点。B项与文章中心一致，故选B项。
Unit 5　课下能力提升(十八)
Ⅰ.根据提示写出单词的正确形式
1．The government has taken ________ (试探性的) steps towards solving the country's economic problems.
2．The tables were organised into six different ________ (种类)．
3．The design of the ground floor created ________ (大量的) space for a good-sized kitchen.
4．As my father often says, the ________ (analyse) of a problem is the starting point for its solution.
5．Sorry! My bedroom is so ________ (凌乱的) because I haven't had time to clear up.
6．________ (assume) you have a chance to go abroad, what would you do?
7．Not having enough to eat, many people died from ________ (starve) in the search for the new land.
8．We should ________ (analysis) the whole work instead of concentrating only on some single parts; after all, it is well done as a whole.
9．It's impossible to predict the weather with great ________ (accurate)．
10．My pencil is not sharp; could you lend me a knife to ________ (sharp) it?
Ⅱ.选词填空
keep ... out， show ... around， cut up， regardless of， as well as， differ from， be aware of， at most
1．The law requires equal treatment for all, ____________ race, religion, or sex.
2．____________ the meat before you put them into the pot.
3．One of your classmates will ________ you ________ the campus this afternoon.
4．Please ________ the dog ________ of the room. It's too dirty and noisy.
5．Be patient! The whole process will take half an hour ____________.
6．You must ____________ the fact that it is of great importance to learn.
7．The expectations and pressures on athletes ____________ school to school and sport to sport.
8．We should believe in ourselves and make great efforts to struggle for success ____________ wealth.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．There are still many people________________for lack of food nowadays.
现如今由于缺乏食物，仍有很多人死于饥饿。
2．I ________________ to accept his suggestion.
我别无选择只能接受他的建议。
3．________________ hard work leads to success.
一般认为，努力带来成功。
4．________________， he is the best tennis player in the world.
众所周知，他是世界上最好的网球选手。
5．We should ________________ in case the pipes freeze.
我们应当保持水的流动，以免管道结冰。
Ⅳ.阅读理解
A
Spoiled for choice? That's likely how you'll feel after a mere day in Athens. The secret is in not trying to do everything. Instead, take in a couple of the tourist highlights and then get a feel for this attractive capital.
An ancient sight
The Acropolis (卫城) always comes out at the top of the list of things to see in Athens. The most famous of the western world's ancient sights continue to impress tourists as they climb the marble steps and stand before the graceful Parthenon. Views from up here are amazing.
A slow wander
Plaka is the city's oldest neighborhood, resting on the slopes of the Acropolis with caf?s and fascinating architecture. The streets are perfect for getting lost in, giving wanderers the chance to discover caf?s and bars where they can down some strong coffee among locals. Plaka is at its best in the early evening. Acropolis House Pension is a preserved 19th-century house that gives guests a glimpse into a Greek home.
A market scene
Varvakios Agora is Athens' central market. Locals come here to shop and look for everything needed in a Greek kitchen — from olive oil to meat. This is a look at local life as well as a window into Greek cuisine. The meat market is also home to some of the city's best pubs, feeding traditional food to crowds of customers from all walks of society.
A splash of nightlife
Athenian nights are filled with music, dancing and dining. Perivoli Tou Ouranou is a club with a strong atmosphere. Filled with the sounds of violins and guitars pelting out traditional blues-like music, it's sad but also beautiful and lively.
1．Which of the following is the best time to visit Plaka?
A．8：00.　　　　B．12：00.
C．18：00. D．22：00.
2．Varvakios Agora seems more attractive to a foreigner who ________.
A．wants to try cooking Athenian food
B．is interested in the history of Athens
C．likes taking photos of ancient buildings
D．hopes to buy some souvenirs for his friends
3．If you want to get a feel for traditional Greek music, you can go to ________.
A．Parthenon B．Plaka
C．Varvakios Agora D．Perivoli Tou Ouranou
B
As we discussed last week, there have been a lot of reports that boys are in trouble in American education. Some people say efforts to improve education for girls, especially in math and science, have resulted in a crisis for boys. That belief has led to what a new report calls a growth industry of experts advising how to make schools more “boy friendly”．
Yet that report, released this week, suggests that the truth is far different from what people might think. It says American boys in most cases are doing better than ever.“But girls have just improved their performance on some measures even faster，” it says. As a result, girls have narrowed or closed differences with boys in some areas and moved farther ahead of them in others.
The report does agree that some groups of boys are in trouble. It says this is true especially of blacks and those from poor families. But it says closing racial and economic differences would help them more than reducing differences between boys and girls.
Another concern is the large number of boys with learning and emotional disabilities. Also, the report says policymakers now recognize the need to reform public high schools, which should help boys as well as girls. But the report questions what it calls “simplistic” proposals to fix problems for boys in American school. One example given is expanding single-sex schooling. Findings on the success of the idea have differed.
The Education Sector report calls for more study into the differences between boys and girls and into the culture of schools. It says the research will help better understand why gains for boys are not rising as fast as for girls. But the report also advises the public not to worry too much, and to be careful not to harm the gains that girls have made.
4．We can read this report most probably in a ________.
A．magazine for boys
B．well-known newspaper
C．school announcement
D．school advertisement
5．From Paragraph 1, we learn that in some people's opinion, ________.
A．efforts for American girls cause boys' trouble
B．American education does no good to boys
C．American schools are more “girl friendly”
D．American boys are not really in trouble
6．We can infer from the report that ________.
A．boys should be responsible for their crisis
B．some groups of boys are actually in trouble
C．policymakers disagree to reform public high schools
D．it's probably not good simply to expand single-sex schools
7．The best title of the passage should be “________”．
A．A Report on a Boy Crisis in America
B．A New Study on American Education
C．Save American Boys in Trouble
D．Why Are Girls Far Better Than Boys?
Ⅴ.任务型阅读
Wise shopping is important for a low budget. The following tips will help you shop more wisely.
Make a shop list. Before you go shopping, make a list of everything you plan on buying. 1.________ It'll help avoid your impulse (冲动) shopping.
Only bring the cash you need. 2.________ Before you go out, put a small amount of cash in your purse to cover all the buying you plan on doing. If the cash runs out, your shopping time will be over for the day.
When it comes to clothes, just buy the basics. 3.________ Chances are, you are better off with a smaller number of basic pieces that you can make unique every day with accessories.
When in doubt, leave the store. Have no idea about whether or not to buy something? 4.________ If you decide later that you really, really want it, then you can go back and buy it tomorrow. But chances are, you will be happy when you save your money.
5．________ Not all shopping friends are created equal. Some of them love it when you spend money because it makes them feel better about their own purchases. Instead of going shopping with those friends, call up some friends who will give you their honest opinions and won't persuade you into buying anything.
A．Put it down and leave the store.
B．Pick your shopping friends wisely.
C．Try not to shop when you are bored.
D．You can't spend money you don't have.
E．Buying used is better for the environment and cheaper than buying new.
F．Before you buy something, ask yourself how often you'll actually wear it.
G．The rule is: you are not allowed to buy anything unless it's already on your list.
Ⅵ.课时微写作(根据提示完成小作文)
Li Hua was tired of study and left home alone ____________ (不顾) objections from his family, ____________ (认为) he could make a fortune. He had ____________ (至多) 100 yuan on him and got to Shanghai, only to find nothing went well. He ____________ (别无选择只好) to go back to school! Now he ____________ (意识到) he should study hard in order to enter a university.
课下能力提升(十八)
Ⅰ.1.tentative　2.categories　3.ample 4．analysis　5.messy　6.Assuming　7.starvation　8.analyse　9.accuracy　10.sharpen
Ⅱ.1.regardless of　2.Cut up　3.show
around　4.keep　out　5.at most　6.be
aware of　7.differ from　8.as well as
Ⅲ.1.dying of starvation 　2.have no alternative but　3.It is generally assumed that
4．As is known to all　5.keep the water running
Ⅳ. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。你想去雅典一饱眼福吗？雅典古城富有魅力的景点会让你流连忘返，一起来看看这里的美景介绍吧。
1．解析：选C　细节理解题。根据A slow wander中的“Plaka is at its best in the early evening.”可知，C项正确。
2．解析：选A　细节理解题。根据A market scene中的内容可知，Varvakios Agora是雅典的中心市场，来自各行各业的人都能吃到传统的食物。故A项正确。
3．解析：选D　细节理解题。根据A splash of nightlife中的介绍可知，Perivoli Tou Ouranou是一个富有音乐情调的俱乐部，在这里可以欣赏到由吉他、小提琴演奏出的传统音乐。故D项正确。
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍了一份研究报告。报告分析了美国学校的男孩危机并探讨了解决方法。
4．解析：选B　文章出处题。根据最后一段第一句“The Education Sector report ... the culture of schools.”可推知，这份研究报告来自于教育部。结合四个选项可知，这篇报告最有可能出现在一家著名的报纸上。故答案选B。
5．解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Some people say ... in a crisis for boys.”可知，有人认为女孩教育的改善造成了男孩教育的危机。故答案选A。
6．解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“But the report questions ... single-sex schooling.”可知，这份报告质疑扩建男子(或女子)学校的做法。由此可推知，扩建男子(或女子)学校可能不是一个好办法。故答案选D。
7．解析：选A　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一份研究报告。报告分析了美国学校的男孩危机并探讨了解决办法。A项概括了文章主旨，故答案选A。
Ⅴ.1～5　GDFAB
Ⅵ.regardless of　assuming that　at most　had no alternative but 　is aware that
Unit 5　课下能力提升(十九)
Ⅰ.根据提示写出单词的正确形式
1．She took a mouthful of food and then suddenly ________ (吐出) it out.
2．He didn't mean to, but he ________ (删除) the files by accident.
3．I could hear the wolves ________ (嗥叫) in the forest.
4．The police have ________ (逮捕) almost everybody who is involved in the murder.
5．The children ran in a circle until they were ________(晕眩的)．
6．________ (皱纹) are lines which form on someone's face as they grow old.
7．My mother suggested that I should have a ________(system) way of organizing my work.
8．One of the three sons was not pleased with the ________ (divide) of the father's money.
9．With the help of his teacher, John soon became very ________ (skill) in dealing with the technical problems.
10．The new discovery of oil is of great ________ (significant) to the country's economy.
Ⅱ.选词填空
be fed up with， refer to， lie in wait for， date back to， make sure， on behalf of， break out， look ahead
1．When I am faced with difficulty, I usually choose to ____________ relevant learning materials or Web pages.
2．I ____________ his laziness and carelessness.
3．Chinese currency can ____________two thousand years ago.
4．The police spend a few days ____________ the suspected man.
5．Whenever we are in trouble, we must____________ and encourage ourselves.
6．A terrible fire ____________ in the city last week.
7．I suggested choosing some students to see the singer ____________ the whole class.
8．To____________ that he was at home, I called him up in advance.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．lf only my mother ________________now!
要是母亲现在和我在一起就好了！
2．________________________， he began to analyze it.
收集完所有的信息，他开始分析这些信息。
3．The mother loved her children and let them have their way, ________________.
这位母亲爱她的孩子，孩子们要怎样就怎样，结果却宠坏了他们。
4．The solution he put forward for the problem was ________________.
他提出的解决这个问题的措施很重要。
5．I ________________________ the bell rang, announcing that the exam was over.
我刚做完试卷，这时铃就响了，宣告着考试结束了。
Ⅳ.完形填空
When Sue Strong's apartment grew quiet in the afternoon, she wasn't too surprised to find her companion Henri surrounded by opened jars and entertaining herself with fruits.
Life with Henri is never__1__. But Henri is not a(n) __2__roommate. She is one of the 50 working simians (猿猴) in the Helping Hands program, which trains monkeys to__3__ those who are permanently unable to use their arms and legs with day-to-day tasks.
For the past 18 years, Henri has been__4__ with Strong, who became paralyzed (瘫痪的) in a car accident. Henri can turn on the TV, switch the lights on and off, and bring Strong a drink when she's __5__.“Henri is a great __6__ to me，” Strong said. “I can' t __7__ what life would be without her.” Strong has an assistant who comes to her home each morning and night to help her. When the assistant __8__， Henri takes over, allowing Strong to stay alone for hours.“Without an assistant or family member around to help, if I drop the stick I hold in my __9__ to lift light switches, I would be in the __10__，” she said.“With Henri, I can spend eight hours alone and be __11__.”
When Strong needs something, she __12__ the object she wants with a mouth-operated laser light (激光)，which is attached to her chair. “Henri is __13___ to look for the laser light，” Strong said. “When she sees the object I __14__， she knows what to do.” Henri is also trained to fetch and __15__ jars of juice and place sandwiches in a holder. “With Henri, I usually find that I'm sharing my food with her，” Strong said. The two have grown so __16__ over the years that Strong considers Henri part of the __17__.
Not only does Henri help Strong with __18__ tasks，she also makes Strong __19__ with her playfulness. While people are sometimes shy about talking to Strong when she is out alone, everyone ___20__ to talk to her when she is with Henri.
1．A.exciting　B．boring
C．healthy D．busy
2．A.good B．important
C．peaceful D．common
3．A.entertain B．treat
C．assist D．save
4．A.playing B．living
C．working D．talking
5．A.thirsty B．hungry
C．angry D．sick
6．A.teacher B．help
C．success D．toy
7．A.imagine B．expect
C．believe D．tell
8．A.calls B．visits
C．leaves D．stops
9．A.hand B．foot
C．mouth D．arm
10．A.future B．crowd
C．park D．dark
11．A.special B．normal
C．fine D．proud
12．A.points at B．looks at
C．searches for D．heads for
13．A.asked B．trained
C．persuaded D．forced
14．A.buy B．need
C．get D．like
15．A.break B．fill
C．destroy D．open
16．A.strong B．different
C．close D．warm
17．A.room B．family
C．program D．game
18．A.hard B．huge
C．daily D．pleasant
19．A.happy B．lucky
C．afraid D．active
20．A.chooses B．plans
C．promises D．wants
Ⅴ.阅读理解
A
The Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum lies in the National Mall in Washington, D．C.Founded in 1976, the museum has the largest and most important collection of air and space artifacts (人工制品)．It receives more than 8 million visitors per year, making it the most visited museum in America.
What You'll Find
In the museum, you'll find thousands of objects.The most valuable ones are the 1903 Wright Flyer, Lindbergh's so-called“Spirit of St.Louis”， the Apollo 11 Command Module Columbia and a lunar rock you can touch.
This museum also has an IMAX theater, a planetarium (天文馆) and a building from which you can watch the stars, the weather, etc.Daily tours are offered and educational events are available for children and adults.The museum also features science story times for younger children.
Plan Your Visit
Regular hours are from 10 am to 5：30 pm, but the museum does not close until 7：30 pm during the summer.There is limited metered street parking available, as well as several local parking areas, including two blocks south at 6th and C Street SW, however, the easiest way to reach the museum is by underground or Metrobus.The closest Metro stop is Smithsonian, on the Blue and Orange lines. The 32, 34 and 36 Metrobus routes will all take you to the National Mall.
1．The Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum ________.
A．is the largest museum in the US
B．has the longest history in the US
C．is a museum mainly designed for kids
D．is the most popular museum in the US
2．Which of the following activities is specially designed for kids?
A．Watching stars.
B．Listening to science stories.
C．Touching a lunar rock in person.
D．Watching air and space artifacts.
3．You are recommended to go to the museum________.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A．by underground B．by taxi
C．by self-driving C．on foot
B
It is a tiny portrait of one of the most powerful women of the Renaissance.And for more than 50 years the old BBC journalist Charles Wheeler kept the picture of Eleonora of Toledo on his bookshelf.
But yesterday Wheeler returned the painting to Berlin's Gem?ldegalerie after discovering that it was a priceless original looted (掠夺) from the museum during the Second World War, not a copy as he had thought.
Wheeler, 83, acquired the 16th-century portrait by the Florentine artist Alessandro Allori from a German farmer who dropped in to the BBC's West Berlin office.“It was 1952.At the time people could move freely between East and West，”he said yesterday.“We were doing a programme called Letters Without Signature, where people living in the eastern zone could write a letter.The farmer reached into his pocket, took out a brown envelope and said it was a wedding present for me.” The farmer claimed he had got it from a Russian soldier in exchange for two sacks of potatoes to make vodka.Over the next 50-plus years Wheeler, one of the BBC's most distinguished foreign journalists, took the miniature (小画像) with him.“I was burgled four times over the years，”he said.“People were always taking my TV and radio.But they ignored the painting.”
It was only last year while making a BBC radio series on missing art that Wheeler realised the painting could have been stolen.After contacting the London-based Commission for Looted Art in Europe the work was swiftly identified as a minor masterpiece and returned yesterday to Berlin's picture gallery, where it was last seen in 1939.
Yesterday Anne Webber, co-chair of the commission, hailed (赞扬) the work as one of the “earliest diplomatic portraits of a woman”．“It's a charming painting，” she said.The miniature depicts (描绘) Eleonora of Toledo，whose husband Cosimo de Medici was one of Renaissance Italy's most powerful men.
4．Charles Wheeler kept the miniature on his bookshelf because________.
A．he thought it was of little value
B．he thought it would be safer there
C．he liked the picture very much
D．he wanted it to be seen by others
5．The miniature was probably taken from the Berlin's picture gallery by________.
A．a burglar
B．a German farmer
C．a Russian soldier
D．a worker at the gallery
6．In what way is the miniature considered to be priceless?
A．It survived the Second World War.
B．It depicts a powerful woman of the Renaissance.
C．It is a masterpiece by a famous artist in Germany.
D．It was painted more than 50 years ago.
7．From the passage we can learn________.
A．the painting was drawn by a woman of the Renaissance
B．Allori gave the journalist the painting as a wedding present
C．Charles Wheeler has kept the painting for over 50 years
D．Eleonora of Toledo was one of the most powerful men in Italy
课下能力提升(十九)
Ⅰ.1.spat/spit　2.deleted　3.howling
4．arrested　5.dizzy　6.Wrinkles　7.systematic　8.division　9.skilful　10.significance
Ⅱ.1.refer to　2.am fed up with　3.date back to 　4.lying in wait for　5.look ahead　6.broke out　7.on behalf of　8.make sure
Ⅲ.1.were here with me 　2.Having collected all the information　3.only to spoil them
4．of great significance　5.had just finished my test paper when
Ⅳ. 语篇解读：本文是记叙文。文章讲述了一个四肢瘫痪的人在猴子的帮助下生活的故事。
1．解析：选B　由第一段中的“she wasn't too surprised to find her companion Henri surrounded by opened jars and entertaining herself with fruits”可知，和Henri在一起的生活从不单调。 boring“单调的”。
2．解析：选D　由下文的“She is one of the 50 working simians (猿猴) in the Helping Hands program”可知，Henri不是一个普通的室友。common“普通的”。
3．解析：选C　由第三段中的“Henri can turn on the TV, switch the lights on and off, and bring Strong a drink ... ”可知，该项目训练猴子们帮助那些四肢瘫痪的人。帮助“assist”。
4．解析：选B　由上下文可知，Henri应该是和Strong“住”在一起。
5．解析：选A　由上文的“bring Strong a drink”可知，此处是说当Strong“口渴”的时候。
6．解析：选B　由下文的“Henri takes over, allowing Strong to stay alone for hours”可知，Henri对Strong的帮助很大故选“help”。
7．解析：选A　Henri对Strong的帮助很大，因而她无法“想象”没有Henri的生活会是什么样子。
8．解析：选C　由下文的“Henri takes over, allowing Strong to stay alone for hours”可知，此处是说当助手“离开”时，Henri就接过助手的工作。
9．解析：选C　由第二段中的“those who are permanently unable to use their arms and legs”及第三段中的“who became paralyzed (瘫痪的) in a car accident”可知，Strong四肢瘫痪，只能用“嘴”来咬住棍子。
10．解析：选D　由上文的“if I drop the stick I hold ... to lift light switches”可知，如果Strong把用来开灯的棍子掉了，她将处在“黑暗”中。
11．解析：选C　有了Henri，Strong可以单独呆八个小时而没有问题。故选“fine”。
12．解析：选A　由下文的“with a mouth-operated laser light”可知，此处应该是说Strong把激光指向她想要的东西。points at“指向”。
13．解析：选B　由下文的“Henri is also trained to fetch ... ”可知，此处是说Henri被“训练”寻找激光。
14．解析：选B　由上文的“When Strong needs something”可知，此处是说当Henri在激光的指引下看到Strong“需要”的东西时就知道该做什么。
15．解析：选D　由下文的“place sandwiches in a holder”及“I usually find that I'm sharing my food with her”可推测，Henri被训练去取并“打开”果汁瓶。
16．解析：选C　由上文的“I usually find that I'm sharing my food with her”可推测，多年来Henri和Strong关系已经很“亲密”。
17．解析：选B　Strong把Henri视为“家庭”的一部分。
18．解析：选C　由第二段中的“with day-to-day tasks”及第三、四段中的描述可知，Henri帮Strong处理日常事务。daily“日常的”。
19．解析：选A　由下文的“with her playfulness”可知，Henri还能使Strong“快乐”。
20．解析：选D　在“While people are sometimes shy about talking to Strong when she is out alone”中， While起转折作用，故此处应该是说当Strong和Henri在一起时每个人都“想”和她聊天。
Ⅴ. 语篇解读：本文为应用文，题材为新闻广告类。本文主要介绍了史密森尼国家航空航天博物馆的展品、活动、开馆时间及附近的交通情况。
1．解析：选D　细节理解题。由第一段“...making it the most visited museum in America”可知，史密森尼国家航空航天博物馆是美国最受欢迎的博物馆。
2．解析：选B　细节理解题。由第三段最后一句可知，科学方面的故事是专门为小孩设计的。
3．解析：选A　细节理解题。由最后一段“...the easiest way to reach the museum is by underground or Metrobus”可知，最便捷的交通方式是坐地铁或者公交。
语篇解读：一位记者得到一幅意大利文艺复兴时期一位妇女的画像，但他以为是复制品，因此并没有在意。在保存了50多年以后，他最后得知画像是柏林艺术馆在二战中被盗的真品，于是他把这幅画归还给了该艺术馆。
4．解析：选A　细节理解题。从第二段最后可知，这位BBC记者本来以为这是一件复制品，并没有重视。
5．解析：选C　推理判断题。由第三段可知，这幅画是一个德国农民从一个俄国士兵手中用两袋土豆换来的。由此可以推断，该画很可能在战乱中落入一个俄国士兵手中。
6．解析：选B　推理判断题。从第一段和最后一段可知，这是一幅意大利文艺复兴时期一位重要妇女的画像，它具有重大意义。
7．解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段和第三段中的倒数第三句话可知，他保存这幅画已经50多年了。

Unit 5　课下能力提升(二十)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Andrea Cammelleri woke up, looked out the front window of her house in West Jefferson, Ohio, and panicked.Her Ford Ranger, which had been parked on the street the night before, was gone.
She called 911, but was told, “It was held for overtime parking.”Cammelleri was confused.There weren't any “No Parking” signs posted along the roadside.Her truck was licensed and drivable.Plus, she'd been parking it on the street nearly every day and night since she'd moved into her home two and a half years earlier.
Later, when a police officer sent the ticket, she found she'd been fined D|S120 for breaking a village parking law.She looked it up online.It said that it was illegal to park“any motor vehicle camper, trailer, and/or non-motorized vehicle” on a street for more than 24 hours. She didn't believe that the law applied to her vehicle.“My truck wasn't a ‘motor vehicle camper’，” she says.
She went to the city office to point out the grammatical error, expecting the mayor to “give up the ticket”．That didn't happen, so she officially fought the law.The village argued that the law did apply, despite the missing comma (逗号) between the phrase “motor vehicle” and the word “camper”．The court agreed, ruling that she had to pay the fine.
She didn't give up.On June 22, 2015, the three judges in higher court generally supported her, which is called“a victory for punctuation”．“According to grammar rules, items in a series are separated by commas，”judge Robert Hendrickson wrote.“Reading ‘motor vehicle camper’ as one item does not produce an absurd result.If the village desires a different reading, it should put a comma between the phrase ‘motor vehicle’ and ‘camper’．”In the end, the village took his advise.
1．What happened to Cammelleri's truck?
A．It was parked at a wrong place.
B．It broke down on the street.
C．It was stolen by a thief at night.
D．It was taken away by the police.
2．Why did Cammelleri think the law didn't apply to her truck?
A．She had her license to drive her truck.
B．She lived there for two and a half years.
C．She found a grammar mistake in the law.
D．She didn't leave her truck there for a long time.
3．We can infer that Cammelleri________.
A．failed in her first case
B．won the support of the mayor
C．was fined for refusing the ticket
D．made the court admit the grammar mistake
4．What is the main idea of the text?
A．A comma makes a woman avoid a parking ticket.
B．A woman refuses to pay a fine for parking wrongly.
C．A parking ticket leads to a change of grammar rules.
D．A court judgment shows the importance of grammar.
Ⅱ.任务型阅读
Losing weight is tough. For most people, it requires a change in diet, a change in exercise habits, and a change in attitude. 1.________
?Set healthy goals.
If you're overweight and want to change that, the first step is deciding what your target weight is. 2.________
?Start small.
Making major behavior modifications (行为矫正) isn't something that happens overnight. 3.________Commit to eating 5 servings of vegetables a day and exercising 2 days a week for the first week, then add a little more each week.
?Track your diet and exercise.
Now it's time to start working toward that goal. The best way to stick with your diet and exercise rules is to track it. 4.________ Or you can do it the old fashioned way and keep a written food and exercise journal. Find what works for you and write down what you've accomplished every day.
?5.________
Every month you should take a look at your goal and see what type of progress you've made toward accomplishing it. If you're not where you want to be, make minor adjustments. Try doing different exercises or cutting back on certain types of foods that you may be eating too much of.
Losing weight and keeping it off is a highly personal thing. Find what works for you and stick with it.
A．Evaluate and adjust.
B．Here's how you can accomplish all the three.
C．You might as well start with your own attitude.
D．There are plenty of apps that allow you to do this.
E．What steps are you going to take to achieve your goal?
F．So start with 1－2 things per week and work up from there.
G．Write down your goal and set a date by which you want to accomplish that goal.
Ⅲ.完形填空
When I was diagnosed with breast cancer a few years back, I reacted like most who receive a cancer diagnosis, the first thing that came to mind was a “death sentence”. __1__ instead of complaining, I decided to look for the __2__ side of it.
I realized that I was about to __3__ a new beginning. I knew that I had to develop and gain __4__ from all my experiences. Even with the pain I had to __5__ through each diagnosis, and all the __6__ I've dealt with all my life, I still felt truly lucky. I __7__ myself that I “still have my life”， so who am I to __8__？
One day, I had an unusual experience. I turned that experience into a__9__ and I called it “Peace”. Writing had become therapy (治疗) for me. I took that poem, along with many others I had __10__ during ray breast cancer period and placed them in book form. I was __11__ enough to have that book published. I later had another inspirational children's book __12__， with a third one__13__. I'm hoping that anyone who has the chance to read my first book of poems will benefit from it. My poems are from the heart, and I wish to have a positive __14__ on someone who's ill. I __15__ believe when you survive a serious __16__ like cancer, it's for a reason and I want to live to __17__ exactly what that is for me.
That's what I'm all about now, inspiration. I would have__18__become a writer, producing inspirational poems and stories, if I had not gone through all that I did. I'm a true example that you can __19__ cancer, as long as you have faith and allow that faith to __20__ your path.
1．A.However B．Besides
C．Therefore D．Otherwise
2．A.bad B．opposite
C．right D．positive
3．A.mark B．miss
C．face D．find
4．A.advantage B．strength
C．knowledge D．skill
5．A.express B．hide
C．go D．bear
6．A.chances B．struggles
C．decisions D．businesses
7．A.persuaded B．showed
C．reminded D．taught
8．A.complain B．encourage
C．disappoint D．please
9．A.poem B．novel
C．diary D．play
10．A.read B．learned
C．written D．collected
11．A.confident B．lucky
C．careful D．satisfied
12．A.published B．translated
C．typed D．reviewed
13．A.in the dark B．above the average
C．ahead of time D．on the way
14．A.impression B．influence
C．result D．conclusion
15．A.hardly B．honestly
C．truly D．widely
16．A.accident B．diagnosis
C．disaster D．disease
17．A.look for B．find out
C．concentrate on D．pick out
18．A.ever B．already
C．just D．never
19．A.cure B．develop
C．survive D．treat
20．A.direct B．cross
C．follow D．walk
Ⅳ.语法填空
A few years ago, I had to stay at the hospital for three days for a medical test.I 1.________(ask) to stay awake for more than 30 hours because of the test.It could be 2.________(extreme) difficult for anyone.And I didn't believe I could make it.My mother said she would accompany me.But I knew even 3.________ my mother accompanying me, it wouldn't be easy.
To my surprise, that afternoon 4.________ my mom came to my room, she had my friend Susan with her.That afternoon Susan called my mother.As soon as she 5.________ (hear) I needed to stay awake for so long, she decided to help me.So she offered 6.________(come) to the hospital to stay with me and help keep me awake.Things became much 7.________ (easy) than I had imagined with Susan's help.She told me stories and jokes, and time passed very quickly.
Without Susan's help, 8.________ whole stay in the hospital would have been much more difficult.And our 9.________ (friend) became deeper from then on.I think nothing can keep us apart.I'm so 10.________ (thank) that I have such a friend.
Ⅴ.短文改错
Last Saturday, our school had organized an activity to visit the children at a local orphanage. As one of the volunteer, I took part in it. We took many books as well many kinds of school supplies and toys to the children. They were delighting to receive the gifts. In the morning, we played some games with them when we used to play in our childhood. Then we cooked and had lunch here. In the afternoon, we gave them some performances. Before leaving the orphanage, we had photos take with them and gave them our contact details so that they could keep in touch with one another. Each of us had a happily time. We gave the children our care and help, but in return, they gave us their smiles and love.
课下能力提升(二十)
Ⅰ. 语篇解读：本文为记叙文，题材为人物故事类。一位妇女在收到停车罚款之后发现规定中的一个语法错误，从而赢得了一场官司。
1．解析：选D　细节理解题。由第二段“It was held for overtime parking”可知，她的车因为停放时间长，而被扣留了。
2．解析：选C　细节理解题。由第三段“My truck wasn't a ‘motor vehicle camper’”可知，她认为自己的车不是motor vehicle camper，所以这条法律不适用于她的车。
3．解析：选A　推理判断题。由第四段“The court agreed, ruling that she had to pay the fine”可知，在第一次诉讼中，她败诉了。
4．解析：选A　主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了一个妇女的车被扣留，她通过发现法律中的一个标点符号错误得以避免被罚款的故事。
Ⅱ.1～5　BGFDA
Ⅲ. 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者患癌症，但没有抱怨，而是通过写诗歌和小说来阐述人生，最终他战胜了病魔。
1．解析：选A　 上文说，作者对于患上癌症首先想到的是“死亡判决”；下文说，作者并没有抱怨。据此可判断前后文之间是转折关系，故A项正确。
2．解析：选D　根据该句中“instead of complaining”可知，作者没有选择抱怨而是决定寻找癌症积极的一面；D项意为“积极的”，符合语境。
3．解析：选C　根据语境可知，作者将面对新的开始。C项意为“面对，面临”，符合语境。
4．解析：选B　根据该句中的“from all my experiences”可以判断，作者决定从自己的经历中获得战胜癌症的力量；B项意为“力量”，符合语境。
5．解析：选D　根据该句中的“with the pain”可知，作者要忍受癌症的痛苦；D项意为“忍受”，符合语境。
6．解析：选B　根据该句中的“I've dealt with all my life”并结合前文作者对患癌症的叙述可以判断，B项“挣扎”，符合语境。
7．解析：选C　根据语境可知，作者提醒自己，自己仍然活着；C项意为“提醒”，故C项正确。
8．解析：选A　根据上文第一段最后一句中的“complaining”并结合语境可知，A项正确。
9．解析：选A　根据下文的“I took that poem”可知，作者将那次经历写成了一首诗；A项意为“诗歌”，符合语境。
10．解析：选C　根据上句中的“Writing”可以判断，这些诗是作者在患癌症期间写的，故C项正确。
11．解析：选B　根据该句中的“enough to have that book published”可以判断，作者足够幸运，出版了自己的诗集，故B项正确。
12．解析：选A　根据上句中的“have that book published”及本句中的another可以判断，作者又出版了一本书，故A项正确。
13．解析：选D　根据该句中的“another ... with a third one”可以判断，第三本书将要出版；on the way意为“即将发生”，符合语境。
14．解析：选B　作者的诗歌源于心灵，作者希望它们对病人有积极的影响。have an influence on为固定短语，符合语境。
15．解析：选C　作者真的相信，你能从像癌症这样的重疾中存活下来，这肯定是有原因的；C项意为“真正地”，符合语境。
16．解析：选D　根据该句中的“like cancer”可以判断，这里指像癌症那样的重病，故D项正确。
17．解析：选B　根据该句中的“it's for a reason”可知，作者要弄清楚对他来说那是什么；B项意为“弄清楚，弄明白”，符合语境。
18．解析：选D　 根据语境可知，如果不是癌症，作者肯定不可能成为作家，写出鼓舞人心的诗歌和故事，故D项正确。
19．解析：选C　 根据前文第三段最后一句中的“survive”可知，作者是从癌症中存活下来的真实例子，故C项正确。
20．解析：选A　根据该句中的“your path”可知，只要你有信念，并让信念指引你的方向，那么你就可能会战胜癌症。A项符合语境。
Ⅳ. 语篇解读：本文为记叙文，题材为个人生活类。作者在医院里因为一个测试要保持清醒30个小时。庆幸的是，她得到了一位朋友的帮助。
1．解析：was asked　考查时态语态。根据语境可知，作者被要求保持清醒30个小时，又因为这是发生在过去的动作，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
2．解析：extremely　考查副词。difficult是形容词，前面需用副词修饰。
3．解析：with　考查介词。with sb. doing sth.表示伴随。
4．解析：when　考查连词。这里是指当作者的妈妈来作者房间的时候。
5．解析：heard　考查时态。这是一个发生在过去的动作，故填hear的一般过去式。
6．解析：to come　考查动词不定式。offer to do sth.意为“主动提出做某事”。
7．解析：easier　考查比较级。这里是进行对比，表示事情变得更容易了。
8．解析：the　考查冠词。the whole stay特指呆在医院的整个经历。
9．解析：friendship　考查名词。从那时起，我们的友谊变得更深了。
10．解析：thankful　考查形容词。该空在句中作表语，因此使用thank的形容词形式。
Ⅴ.第一句：去掉had
第二句：volunteer→volunteers
第三句：well后加as
第四句：delighting→delighted
第五句：when→that/which
第六句：here→there
第八句：take→taken; they→we
第九句：happily→happy
第十句：but→and