人教版新目标英语2018中考第二轮专题复习课件-专题一　听　力

课件32张PPT。第三部分　题型专题突破专题一　听　力　　听力是中考英语试卷中一个重要的组成部分,主要考查考生对英语口头语言的理解能力以及从真实性语言材料中获取信息、归纳判断和正确应答的能力。考试的方式是让考生在听录音过程中或听完录音之后,根据录音提供的信息完成某项任务。自2009年以来安徽省中考英语听力的分值都是30分,题型分为五大项,考查形式保持不变。下面以2017年安徽省中考听力为例,分析这五大题型的特点。
一、关键词语选择(5分)
要求考生听5个句子,并根据所听到的内容,从每小题所给的3个选项中选出1个所听到的单词或短语。通过听句子,考查考生在听的过程中捕捉关键词语以及单词辨音的能力。5个小题通常涉及对名词、形容词、动词和动词短语的考查。典例　(2017·安徽)
1.A.milk B.drink C.chalk
2.A.risk B.mix C.fix
3.A.road B.boat C.coat
4.A.loud B.proud C.round
5.A.copy down B.turn down C.bring down
听力录音材料:
1.Kathy,would you please get me some chalk?
2.The boy was able to fix a bike at the age of eleven.
3.Watch out!So many cars are running on the road.
4.We are all proud of the success our volleyball team has made.
5.The teacher asked the students to copy down the key words on the blackboard.【解析】此类题型所给选项有些尾音相同,如第1题中的milk,drink,chalk;有些中间音相同,如第2题中的risk,mix,fix;有些字母组合发音相同,如第3、4题中的road,boat,coat和loud,proud,round。前4小题一般考查单词辨音,把握单词的发音,便可以选出正确答案。第1题,根据“get me some chalk”可知选C项;第2题,根据“was able to fix a bike”可知选C项;第3题,根据“running on the road”可知选A项;第4题,根据“We are all proud of the success”可知选B项。第5题一般考查动词短语,因此应在注意读音的同时,了解它们在意义上的区别,理解所读句子的语境。copy down“抄下”;turn down“调低;拒绝”;bring down“降(价)”。根据语境“老师让学生们把黑板上的重点单词抄下来”可知选A项。
【答案】 1~5 CCABA二、短对话理解(10分)
要求考生听10段短对话,并根据所听对话内容,选出能回答问题的正确选项。这一题型中的对话内容相对简单,通常都是一个回合的短对话。
前5小题是听短对话,然后回答问题,选项为图片形式。主要考查考生捕捉细节信息以及信息转换的能力。要求考生在听懂对话的基础上将关键的语言信息转换成图像信息。听力录音材料:
6.M:Lucy,let’s buy some flowers as your mom??s birthday gift.
W:Why not a handbag this time?
7.M:I like the bird very much.How about you?
W:I prefer the dog.It is more lovely.
8.M:My father lost his keys this morning.
W:Bad luck!No wonder his office door was closed.
9.M:Wow!What a big watermelon!Shall we eat it?
W:Nice.It is also my favorite.
10.M:Shall we go to visit our grandparents this Sunday?
W:Good idea.But they will go fishing.【解析】第6题根据关键词“handbag”可知选A项;第7题根据关键词“dog”可知选A项;第8题根据关键词“keys”可知选B项;第9题根据关键词“watermelon”可知选C项;第10题根据关键词“go fishing”可知选B项。
【答案】 6~10 AABCB
后5小题是听短对话,然后回答问题,选项为文字形式。主要考查考生对所听录音材料的理解和判断能力。要求考生能识别对话中的重要信息,进行简单的推断,从而选出正确的选项。典例　(2017·安徽)
11.What would the woman like to drink?
A.Coffee. B.Juice. C.Water.
12.Why does the man feel nervous?
A.Because he isn’t good at dancing.
B.Because he doesn’t know most of the guests.
C.Because the woman won’t introduce him to others.
13.How will the man probably go to Washington Square?
A.By car. B.By bus. C.On foot.
14.What does the woman want to do?
A.Stay with Alan. B.Send Alan to school. C.Find Alan a teacher.
15.Where did the woman study English?
A.In London. B.In Beijing. C.In New York.听力录音材料:
11.M:Here are some drinks for you.Coffee or juice?
W:Neither.Just a glass of water,please.
12.M:I am a little nervous about the party.I don’t know most of the guests.
W:Don’t worry.I’ll introduce you to them.
13.M:Excuse me,does this bus go to Washington Square?
W:Washington Square?It’s not far.You can just walk there.
14.M:I think Alan is about the right age to go to school.
W:But he is still so young,and I like to stay with him at home for some more time.
15.M:Your English is so good.Have you ever been abroad?
W:No.I studied it in Beijing.【解析】第11题根据关键词“water”可知选C项;第12题根据“I don’t know most of the guests.”可知选B项;第13题根据关键词“walk”可知选C项;第14题根据“I like to stay with him”可知选A项;第15题根据关键词“in Beijing”可知选B项。
【答案】 11~15 CBCAB三、长对话理解(5分)
要求考生听两段长对话,并根据所听对话内容,选出能回答问题的正确选项。通过听多个回合的长对话,考查考生对对话的主题以及主要信息的获取能力。要求考生能根据所听到的有关日常生活中熟悉话题的对话,捕捉主要信息并进行简单推断。典例　(2017·安徽)
16.What is wrong with the woman?
A.She has a headache.
B.She has a fever.
C.She has a cough.
17.What’s the relationship between the two speakers?
A.Classmates.
B.Doctor and patient.
C.Father and daughter.听力录音材料:
M:You look pale,Jenny.Are you OK?
W:I think I am all right.
M:Do you have a headache?
W:No.I just have a cough.
M:Perhaps you should see a doctor.
W:Well,I am OK.The terrible weather makes me feel bad.
M:I still think you should see a doctor.Let’s go and ask our head teacher for a leave.
【解析】第16题根据“I just have a cough.”可知应选C项;第17题根据“Let’s go and ask our head teacher for a leave.”可知选A项。?
【答案】 16~17 CA
18.Who will spend the weekend with the man?
A.His parents.
B.His friends.
C.His teachers.
19.Where will the man go camping?
A.By a lake.
B.On a hill.
C.Near a river.
20.What does the woman ask the man to be careful of?
A.Weather. B.Traffic. C.Fire.听力录音材料:
W:What do you plan to do this weekend?
M:I am going camping with my friends.
W:Where are you going?
M:To the lake near the city.
W:That sounds fantastic,but you’d better be careful of fire.
M:OK.We’ll take turns to keep watching at night.
W:Great!Hope you have a good time.
M:Thank you.【解析】第18题根据“I am going camping with my friends.”可知选B项;第19题根据“To the lake”可知选A项;第20题根据“you’d better be careful of fire”可知选C项。
【答案】 18~20 BAC四、短文理解(5分)
要求考生听一篇短文,并根据所听短文内容,选出能回答问题的正确选项。通过听简短独白,考查考生在语篇中获取信息、分析综合、正确判断的能力。要求考生根据所听内容,在理解主旨大意的基础上,捕捉主要信息,并做出合理的判断和推理。这一题信息量较大,有一定的难度,5个问题基本上都是关于人物(who)、事件(what)、时间(when)、地点(where)、原因(why)、方式(how)的。典例　(2017·安徽)
21.How old are the speaker’s parents?
A.Under 60. B.About 65. C.Over 70.
22.What happened at the speaker’s home village?
A.A big rainstorm.
B.An earthquake.
C.A car accident.
23.How long will the speaker stay at home?
A.For three days. B.For five days. C.For a week.
24.What can the speaker do to help?
A.Do some repair work.
B.Call the police.
C.Buy a new house.25.What is the listening text?
A.A public speech.
B.A phone message.
C.A news report.听力录音材料:
Hi,Paul!This is Max speaking.
This morning I received a telephone call from my parents,who are both over seventy.They told me that there was a big rainstorm at my home village and their house was broken.As the only son of my parents,I should be back to help them to get over these difficulties.So I will have to stay there from June 23 to 27.
Though I cannot stay at home for too long a time,I should at least help with the repair work.I believe my relatives in the village and my neighbors will also come to help.
I hope you won’t worry about me when you get this message.【解析】该篇短文理解的5个小题均为细节性试题,比较容易从听力材料中找出正确答案。第21题根据“are both over seventy”可知选C项;第22题根据“there was a big rainstorm at my home village”可知选A项;第23题根据“from June 23 to 27”可知选B项;第24题根据“I should at least help with the repair work”可知选A 项;第25题根据“This is Max speaking.”以及“you get this message”可知选B项。
【答案】 21~25 CABAB五、信息转换(5分)
要求考生听一段对话或短文,然后根据内容及填写要求,补全信息。这一题型的设置以表格形式居多,主要考查考生对听力材料中事实性、具体性信息的获取与处理能力。这种题型将听与写两种考查方式有机结合,选材简短,语句紧凑,内容真实。要求考生具有通过听简单的短文或对话等材料,完成主要或关键信息填写的能力,这是考生综合语言运用能力的具体体现。典例　(2017·安徽) 听力录音材料:
I am a student from Class Eight,Grade Nine of the State Public School.We had a School Day last Friday.That’s a wonderful experience for me.
The students of our class waited at the school gate early that morning.Some of us worked as guides to show the visitors around our school.I made a welcome speech,telling something about the history of our school.And the others put on a funny short play for the visitors.All the visitors were pleased with it.They laughed and laughed.We also enjoyed ourselves a lot.【解析】本题在考查考生信息获取的同时,又考查考生单词的正确拼写。该题型要求考生在听的同时关注细节信息,尤其注意五个W(who,what,when,where,why)问题和一个H(how)问题。第26题考查年级,根据“I am a student from Class Eight,Grade Nine”可知填Nine或9;第27题考查时间,根据“We had a School Day last Friday.”可知填Friday;第28题考查身份,根据“Some of us worked as guides”可知填guides;第29题考查类别,根据“something about the history of our school”可知填history;第30题考查具体事项,根据“the others put on a funny short play”以及题目要求“每空一词”可知填play。
【答案】 26.Nine/9　27.Friday　28.guides　29.history　30.play　　为了在中考英语听力测试中取得高分,考生在平时除了进行基础的听力训练外,最有效的措施莫过于掌握听力测试的解题技巧。具体做法总结如下:
1.做好听前准备,保持良好的心理状态。
考试前,要做好良好的心理准备,特别是要做好听的心理准备,避免外界不利因素影响自己的情绪和听的效果。要保持良好的心态,不能一遇到不理解的单词和句子就烦躁不安,甚至在听之前就存在畏难情绪,这就在无形中设置了信息输入的屏障,影响对听力材料的理解。所以,听之前要充满信心,沉着冷静,放松心情,集中注意力,只有这样才能发挥自己应有的听力水平。
2.快速浏览问题及选项,预测材料的主要内容,确定听力重点。
在放录音前,要抓住一切机会预览题目,避免手忙脚乱,使自己提前进入考试状态。预览的时机通常有:(1)填好试卷姓名后的剩余时间;(2)介绍每一节题型的时间;(3)播放下一段材料前的5秒钟;(4)听短文和做笔记前的时间。这些时间都要很好地利用起来。3.学会预测。
预测能力是影响听力理解的一个重要技能。它是指在做听力练习之前,根据已得到的有限的信息,如标题、选项等,运用逻辑思维能力,对即将听到的句子、对话或短文内容进行预测;或在听的过程中,根据已接收到的信息,特别是主题句,对前面的预测随时进行修正、补充,并对后面的发展做出进一步推测判断的能力。通过比较三个选项的异同,对将听到的内容进行预测,这样便于在听的过程中做到有的放矢,重点突出。
4.学会抓住关键词,边听边记,理顺关系。
在听整篇短文或对话时,考生的注意力应放在整体内容以及和问题有关的信息上,做简单的笔记,将人物(who)、事件(what)、时间(when)、地点(where)、原因(why)、方式(how)、数字(number)等关键词记录下来,从而迅速捕捉所听内容的主要信息。在整个过程中,信息加工显得尤为重要。在做笔记时,可以采用缩写单词、汉字,甚至用只有自己才懂的符号来记录,特别是在听短文时,由于语速较快,考生根本无法把每个单词都记录下来,而且也没有必要,只要记住所要填的单词就可以了。5.学会加减法和乘法运算。
在听数字时,听到的第一个数字往往不是答案,答案可能是第二个听到的,有些题目甚至需要通过运算之后才能得出答案。典例　How much is the red coat?
A.Eighty yuan. B.Sixty yuan. C.Fifty yuan.
听力录音材料:
W:How much is the green coat over there?
M:It’s eighty yuan.
W:Oh,it’s too expensive.What about the red one?
M:It’s sixty yuan.
W:All right.I will take it.
【解析】在这个对话中出现了两个数字eighty和sixty,但根据试题分析可知答案是第二个出现的“sixty yuan”。
【答案】 B6.学会用科学的方法,养成良好的听力习惯。
听力试题主要考查考生对语言的分析、理解、反应和拼写能力,同时考生也要具备一定的答题经验。有的考生喜欢一边听一边在心里把听到的句子译成汉语,这种习惯十分有害,因为录音中句子之间停留的时间不会太长,如果译了前面的句子,那后面句子的前半部分就会错过。因此在平时听力训练时就应戒除边听边译的不良习惯。
7.学会放弃。
听力测试时,每小题之间都有10 秒钟左右的间隔时间,很多考生把这10秒钟的时间用来涂答题卡或者停留在刚才没想出来的那个单词上,结果下一道题开始时,又会手忙脚乱。正确的方法应该是宁可放弃没做完的那道题,也要确保做好后面所有的题,不犯“捡了芝麻,丢了西瓜”的错误。
总之,听力测试是对考生各种能力的一种综合考核测试。听力技能和策略的获得主要依赖于考生平时大量的实践和积累。如果考生能配合老师在这方面有意识、有步骤地训练,那么听力理解水平必然会得到迅速提高。