第十二讲 八年级下 Units3--4
independent(adj.)→________(n.) 独立
typical (adj.) → _______(adv.) 典型地
fair (adj. ) →_______ (n.) 公平→______ (反义词）不公平的
communicate(v.)→________(n.) 交流
second (num.) →______ (adv.) 其次，第二
usual ( adj. ) →_______(adv.) 通常
develop (v.) →_________ (n. ) 发展，提高→ ______(adj.)发达的→ _________(adj.)发展中的
stress (n.) →______(adj.)压力大的
argue (v.) → ________ (n.) 争吵
cloud (n.) →_________(adj.)多云的
explain(v.)→ _______(n.) 解释，说明
sweep(v.) →_____(过去式）_______(过去分词）打扫
throw(v.) →______ （过去式） ________（过去分词) 扔...
compete(v.)→_______ (n.)比赛，竞赛
倒垃圾______________
频繁；反复 __________
一....就.... ____________
目的是；为了 __________
依靠；依赖 __________
照顾；处理 _________
快速查看；浏览 __________
重要的事________
成功地发展；解决_______________
和睦相处；关系良好 ____________
删除；删去 __________
比较；对比 ________________
依....看 __________________
吃惊地，惊讶地 _________________
随时，马上，在任何时刻 ___________________
过来，顺便拜访_______________
扔掉 _______________
和....争吵 _______________
为某人提供某物 _____________________
不在__________________
把作业落在家___________________
◆考点 borrow v.
考向1 ：borrow v. 借，借入，借用。 常用短语borrow ...from...意为 “向....借...”21·世纪*教育网
考向2 ：辨析borrow, lend 和keep
borrow
借入
borrow sth from sp /sb
May I borrow your pen ?我可以借用你的钢笔吗？
lend
借出
lend sb sth / lend sth to sb
I lent it to Lucy yesterday. 我昨天将它借给露西了。
keep
借用一段时间
keep sth for +一段时间
You can keep the book for two weeks 你可以借这本书两星期。
考向3：borrow 的反义词为return 归还
◆考点突破
（２０１6，济南）---Could I ______ your iPad , Alice ?
----Of course . Here you are .
A lend B. keep C. borrow D. return
◆考点2 provide v.
考向：provide 为及物动词，provide sth for sb . =provide sb with sth 为某人提供某物www.21-cn-jy.com
eg : The school provided food for the students . = The school provided the students with food . 【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
[拓展] providing和provided 还可用作边词，意为 “假若，倘使”
eg : I will go provided my expenses are paid . 若是我的费用有人代付我就去。
◆考点突破
（2016，山东东营）The local people like that Italian restaurant because it _______ both delicious food and good service .
A uses B. wants C. shares D provides
（2015，山东泰安）The farm ________(提供）the school with fresh vegetables
◆考点3 allow v.
(not) allow sb to do sth
（不）允许某人做某事
His wife doesn’t allow him to smoke in the room 他妻子不允许他在室内抽烟。
(not) allow doing sth
（不）允许做某事
We don’t allow smoking in the hall . 我们不准有人在大厅内抽烟。
be (not) allowed to do sth
被动结构；（不）被允许做某事
The students are not allowed to chat in class 学生们不被允许在课堂上闲聊。
◆考点突破
4.（2017,山东泰安）Hurry up ! Once the concert starts , nobody ______ to enter the concert hall .
A allows B. allowed C. is allowed D. is allowing
考点4 work out
eg : We can find a way to work out this problem. 我们可以找到解决问题的方法。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
考向1： work有名词词性，worker “工人”
work
不可数名词
脑力和体力劳动
I have a lot of work to do today . 我今天在许多工作要做。
job
可数名词
具体的职业或零工
I heard you had changed jobs . 我听说你换了几个工作。
考向2：work的相关词组：
at work 在工作；上班 work with 与....共事，对....有效
work on 影响，对....起作用，从事于
work for 效劳，为....工作
work out 解决；算出；实现；制定出
work as 担任; 以....身份而工作 work at 致力于，从事于....
◆考点突破
5.(2016,四川) The teacher encourage their students to ______ the problems by themselves, and in this way students can enjoy success.
A give up B. work out C. look through
（2017，重庆）尽管这道数学题有点难，但我相信你能解答出来 。（完成句子）
Although this math problem is a bit difficult , I believe you ______ it ______. 21教育网
考点5 instead adv.
eg : She didn’t play basketball . She went swimming instead . 她没有去打篮球。取而代之她去游泳了。
考向1： 辨析 instead , instead of
instead
是副词，可单独位于句首或句尾。
You are tired . Let me do it instead . 你累了，让我来做吧。
instead of
是介词短语，表示“代替，而不是”的意思。后面可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
Will you go instead of me ?你替我去好吗？
◆考点突破
7.（2016，浙江） Listen , boy! As a student , you should stay away from the Internet bar _________________(而不是打游戏）。
考点6 explain v.
explain sth to sb
向某人解释某事
We explained our plan to the committee . 我们把我们的计划向委员会做了说明。
explain +从句
解释
I explained that I missed the bus. 我解释说我错过了那班公共汽车。
explain oneself
把自己的意思表达清楚
Could you explain yourself , please ?请把你的意思表达清楚，好吗？
◆考点突破
8 . （2016，湖北）Would you mind _______(解释）this sentence to me ?
eg : Can you explain to me how this machine works ?
你能解释这台机器是如何工作的吗？
考点7 return v. &n.
eg: We will return to this subject later in the lesson.
在这一堂课里，我们随后还会到这个题目上来。
He told me the news on my return from Beijing .
当我从北京回来时他告诉了我这个消息。
考向1： return 作不及物动词时，意为“返回”，相当于come back 或go back,其后接地点名词时，要与to 连用，构成return to sp 返回某地 return to sp to do sth 返回某地做某事
eg : When did you return to Beijing ?
你什么时候回来北京的？
She returned to the classroom to take her umbrella .
她返回教室去拿她的雨伞。
考向2 ：return作及物动词时，意为“归还”，相当于give sth back .
eg : He returned the book to the library this evening .
今天晚上他把那本书还给了图书馆。
◆考点突破
9 （2017，浙江台州）---Where are you going ?
---To the library . I’ve finished reading this book , so I’m going to _____ it .
A buy B. throw C. return D. borrow .
考点8 cut out
cut ---过去式 cut ---过去分词cut ---现在分词cutting
eg : Cut out the unnecessary words. 删掉没必要的词。
考向1： cut 常见词组
cut sth into sth
把某物切成某物
Cut the meat into small pieces . 把肉切成小块。
cut down
砍倒
They cut down the big tree. 他们把这棵大树砍倒了。
cut up
切碎
Cut up the meat , please . 请把肉切碎。
cut out
减掉，删除
You can cut out the unimportant details . 你可以删掉不重要的细节。
◆考点突破
（2016，济南）---Alice , could you help me ______ the meat ? I want to make some dumplings for dinner .
---OK. I’ll do it right away .
A put up B. give up C. use up D. cut up
考点9 compare...with
考向:辨析compare...with... 与 compare...to...
compare...with....
“把...与...比较”，with可换成to
If you compare his work with here , you’ll find hers is much better. 要是你把他俩的工作比较一下，就会发现她的好得多。
compare...to...
把...比作...
Shakespeare compared the world to a stage 莎士比亚把世界比作舞台。
拓展：compared with /to均表示“与...比较起来”，在句中作状语，可互换。
eg : Compared with /to him , I’m just a beginner . 21世纪教育网版权所有
和他相比， 我只是一个初学者。
◆考点突破
--Why are most children under too much pressure ?
---Because their parents always compare them ______ others .
A with B. by C of
考点10 perhaps
考向:辨析perhaps , maybe, probably , possibly , 都有“大概，也许，可能”的意思2-1-c-n-j-y
maybe
多用于口语，不够庄重
Maybe I’ll go . 我或许会去。
perhaps
较正式，是也许如此，也许不如此的意思，大体和possibly 同义。
Perhaps you would like to join us for lunch . 也许您愿意和我们共进午餐。
probably
可能性比以上二者大，多与动词连用。
He probably told his father all about the matter .He usually tells him everything . 他可能把这一切都告诉了他爸爸，他对父亲通常什么都说。
possibly
比probably 语气弱
I will do it as possibly as I can我将尽我所能去做。
◆考点突破
12 _____ she’ll be here soon.
A Perhaps B. Possible C. Sure D. May be
◆could 的用法
情态动词could 用于有礼貌提出要求或请求准许，用于疑问句，代替can , 在时间上与can 没有区别，但语气要比can 委婉，有礼貌。回答时要用can , 不能用could . 除此以外， 肯定回答还可以用Sure/Certainly / Yes, sure /No problem. /With pleasure 等；否定回答还可以用I’m afraid not 等。 21·cn·jy·com
---Could you please lend me your dictionary ?我可以看看你的驾照吗？
---Yes, sure . 好的， 当然可以人。
---Could I have your driving license ?我可以看看你的驾照吗？
---Yes, here you are . 好的，给你。
---Could you please water the flowers ?
---No problem 没问题 。
---Could I use your phone ?我可以用一下你的电话吗？
---No, you can’t . I’m waiting for an important call . 不， 不可以。我在等一个重要的电话。 21*cnjy*com
拓展：could 的其他用法：
could 为can 的过去式，表示能力。
Could the girl read before she went to school ?这个女孩上学前能识字吗？21教育名师原创作品
He said that he couldn’t come . 他说他不能来了。
表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度，主要用于否定词和疑问句，此时could与can 无时间上区别，但语气比can 缓和，情绪要弱。
He couldn’t /can’t be over fifty . 他不可能超过五十岁。
Who could /can have taken it ?谁会把它拿走了呢？
(3 )表示可能性，指对将来、现在或过去某种可能的推销。
My wife is in hospital --our baby could arrive at any time. 我妻子住院了-我们的宝宝随时都可能出生。 21*cnjy*com
◆考点突破
（2017?湖北黄冈）---Could I borrow your camera?
----______ , but please give it back by Saturday .
A I am sorry B. Of course C. Certainly D. No, thanks .
（2015，呼和浩特）---_____I try on those shoes in the window?
---______ . They are just on show.
A Could ; Yes, you can B. Can ; Sorry , you couldn’t
Could ; Sorry , you can’t D. Can ; Yes, you could
3.—— Could I watch TV now , Mom ?
——No, you _______.
A won’t B. couldn’t C. can’t D. needn’t
◆Why don’t you ....?等提建议的句型及其常用答语。
Why don’t you do sth ?是常见的提建议的句型， 意为什么不做某事呢？”与 “Why not do sth ?”同义。
eg :---Why don’t you tall to your parents ? 你为什么不和你的父母谈谈呢？
---Good idea !好主意！
---Why don’t you tell him to do something quiet ?你为什么不叫他去做一些安静的事呢？
---That sounds good 听上去不错。
该句型还有发出礼貌地邀请的用法。
---Why not go to the movies with us ?为什么不跟我们一起去看电影呢？
---I’d like to , but I have to study for the test . 我很想去，但我得准备考试。
拓展：（1）What /How about ...?意为“...怎么样/好吗？”
---What/How about watching TV ?看电视怎么样？
---Sounds boring . 听上去很无聊。
Would you like sth ?意为“你想要某物吗？”
---Would you like some apples ?你想要一些苹果吗？
---Yes , please . /No, thanks . 是的，请来几个。/不， 谢谢。
Let’s do sth . 意为“咱们做某事吧”。
---Let’s sing a song ! 咱们唱首歌吧！
---OK./All right ./Good idea. /Sounds great . /Why not ?
行。/ 好的。/好主意。/听起来很好。/为什么不呢？
You should (not) do sth 意为“你（不）应当做某事”。
You should go to the doctor . 你应当去看医生。
You shouldn’t talk to your parents like this . 你不应该这样对你父母说话。
You’d better(not) do sth . 意为“你最好（不）做某事。
You’d better call her at once . 你最好马上给她打电话。
You’d better not go out . 你最好不要出去。
◆考点突破
4 （2017，广西百色）It’s raining heavily outside . Why don’t you _____ your raincoat ?
A put on B. to put on C. take off D. to take off
◆连词until , so that 及although引导的状语从句
until引导时间状语从句
连词until 意为“直到.....为止， 到...时”.引导时间状语从句，常放在主句之后，也可以放在主句之前。
She often works in the field until it gets dark . 她经常在田里干活到天黑。
We didn’t go home until the rain stopped 直到雨停了，我们才回来。
◆考点突破
(2015,江苏） Many people do not realize the important of health ______ they have fallen .
A until B. while C. when D after
（2 ）so that 引导目的和结果状语从句
①so that 意为“以使”，引导目的状语从句，一般放在主句后，且不用逗号隔开，目的状语从句表示动机（即一种可能性），而非事实，因此，从句中常常带有can , will , could , would, should 等 情态动词。 21cnjy.com
I get up early so that I could catch the early bus . 我起得早， 以便能赶上早班车。
You must go now so that you won’t be late . 你必须现在就去，以便不会迟到。 2·1·c·n·j·y
② so that 意为“以至于，结果”，引导结果状语从句，陈述的客观事实，常常不带情态动词。
He studied hard so that he passed the exam . 他努力学习，结果通过了考试。
◆考点突破
（2016，山东）They develop their skills ______ they can do things better and better .
A however B. because C. since D. so that
③ although 引导让步状语从句
连词although 意为“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句，可以放在主句前面，也可以放在主句后面。
Although you are tall , I’m not afraid of you . 尽管你个子高， 但我不怕你 。
You could help him although you didn’t let him copy your homework. 尽管你不让他抄你的作业，但你可以帮助他。
◆考点突破
(2017,宁波） ---Look! Some people are running the red lights .
---We should wait ______ others are breaking the rule .
A if B. unless C. although D. because
选择题
（2017，贵州）---Could you please sweep the floor ?
---_____ . I am busy babysitting my sister .
A Sorry , you can’t B. Yes, sure
C Yes, I can D. Sorry , I can’t
(2017,天津）---My recorder is broken . Could I use yours ?
--- _____ , but you have to return it tomorrow.
A I’m not sure B. No problem C. I hope so .
（2017，广西）---Could you please pass me the book ?
--- _____ .
Yes, I could B. No, I couldn’t C. Sure , Here you are D. No, that’s no problem .
（2017，山西）The talented boy_____ write lyrics when he was at the age of ten .
A may B. could C. must
(2017,江苏）---I feel stressed from time to time . Could you give me some advice ?
----______ sharing your worries with your parents ?
A Why don’t you B. How about
C Why not D. Would you like
---I feel stressed in my study from time to time . I don’t know what to do .
-----_______.
A you should keep calm .
B What about keeping your worries to yourself ?
C Why not ask the workers for advice ?
D You’d better pay no attention to your study
We didn’t start our discussion ______ everybody arrived .
A since B. if C. while D. until
(2017,浙江）Frank lives a simple life _____ he has lots of money .
A although B. because C. so D. if
Mr. Green speaks very loudly _____ all the people can hear him clearly . www-2-1-cnjy-com
A when B. so that C. because D if
---Do you like talking with your friends on the telephone or mobile phone ?【出处：21教育名师】
----_____ . I enjoy chatting on-line .
A Neither B. Either C. Both D. None .
There must be ______ wrong with the clock . It doesn’t work.
A nothing B. something C. everything D. None
--What was your brother doing at this time yesterday ?
---He was reading a magazine _____ I was writing an e-mail at home . 【版权所有：21教育】
A as soon as B. after C. until D. while
---Let’s ______ some dumplings right now .
---OK. I’ll cut up the meat first .
A eat B. buy C. heat D. make
Alison is a funny boy . He often makes us _____ .
A to laugh B. laughing C. laugh D. laughed
It’s nice of you to ______ so much time showing me around your school .
A take B. spend C. cost D. have
All of us find ______ necessary to take exercise every day .
A this B. that C. them D. it
Hurry up ,_____ you will miss the plane .
A and B. but C. so D. or
The new kind of car is _____ dear . I don’t have _____ money .
A too much ; much too B. much too ; too much
C too much , too much D much too ; much too
---How long can I _____ the book ?
---- For two weeks .
A keep B borrow C. lend D. buy
---We all like Miss Wang .
--- I agree with you . She always makes her English classes _____.
A interested B. bored C interesting D. boring
Why don’t you ______ an English club to practice _____ English ?
A to join ; to speak B. join ; speaking
C join ; to speak D. to join ; speaking
Tigers wait _____ it is dark , then go out to find their food .
A since B until C. as D because
The teacher speaks very loudly _____ all the students can hear her.
A so that B. because C. since D. when
If you get on well _____ your classmates , you’ll enjoy your school life more .
A to B at C. with D in
---How will she deal with the work ?
---She doesn’t want to do it by herself . She wants to ask someone else to do it ,______.
A yet B instead C. too D. either
John is standing _____ Gina and Jim .
A at B during C. between D. in
---I think drinking milk every morning is good _____ our health .
----Yes, I agree _____ you .
A to ; to B. with ; to C. at ; with D. for ; with
Sometimes walking is even _____ than driving during the busy traffic time .
A fast B. faster C slow D. slower
---Your father is sleeping now . Could you _____ the music a bit ?
---OK, mom .
A turn down B. turn on C. turn of f D. turn up
_____ he exercises every day , _____ he is very healthy .
A Because ; so B Though ; but C. Because ; / D. Though; /
第十二讲 八年级下 Units3--4
independent(adj.)→independence (n.) 独立
typical (adj.) → typically (adv.) 典型地
fair (adj. ) → fairness (n.) 公平→ unfair (反义词）不公平的
communicate(v.)→communication (n.) 交流
second (num.) →secondly (adv.) 其次，第二
usual ( adj. ) →usually (adv.) 通常
develop (v.) →development (n. ) 发展，提高→ developed(adj.)发达的→ developing(adj.)发展中的
stress (n.) →stressed(adj.)压力大的
argue (v.) → argument (n.) 争吵
cloud (n.) → cloudy(adj.)多云的
explain(v.)→ explanation(n.) 解释，说明
sweep(v.) →swept (过去式）swept(过去分词）打扫
throw(v.) →threw （过去式） thrown （过去分词) 扔...
compete(v.)→competition (n.)比赛，竞赛
倒垃圾 take out the rubbish
频繁；反复 all the time
一....就.... as soon as
目的是；为了 in order to
依靠；依赖 depend on
照顾；处理 take care of
快速查看；浏览 look through
重要的事 big deal
成功地发展；解决 work out
和睦相处；关系良好 get on with
删除；删去 cut out
比较；对比 compare ....with ....
依....看 in one’s opinion
吃惊地，惊讶地 in surprise
随时，马上，在任何时刻 any minute now
过来，顺便拜访 come over
扔掉 throw away
和....争吵 argue with
为某人提供某物 provide sth. for sb / provide sb with sth
不在 not .... any more / no more
把作业落在家 leave your homework at home
◆考点 borrow v.
考向1 ：borrow v. 借，借入，借用。 常用短语borrow ...from...意为 “向....借...”2-1-c-n-j-y
考向2 ：辨析borrow, lend 和keep
borrow
借入
borrow sth from sp /sb
May I borrow your pen ?我可以借用你的钢笔吗？
lend
借出
lend sb sth / lend sth to sb
I lent it to Lucy yesterday. 我昨天将它借给露西了。
keep
借用一段时间
keep sth for +一段时间
You can keep the book for two weeks 你可以借这本书两星期。
考向3：borrow 的反义词为return 归还
◆考点突破
（２０１6，济南）---Could I ______ your iPad , Alice ?
----Of course . Here you are .
A lend B. keep C. borrow D. return
[答案] C
[解析]：考查动词辨析。lend “借给”；keep“借用”（若干时间); borrow “借用”; return “归还”。问句句意：爱丽丝，我可以借用你的iPad吗？
◆考点2 provide v.
考向：provide 为及物动词，provide sth for sb . =provide sb with sth 为某人提供某物21*cnjy*com
eg : The school provided food for the students . = The school provided the students with food .
[拓展] providing和provided 还可用作边词，意为 “假若，倘使”
eg : I will go provided my expenses are paid . 若是我的费用有人代付我就去。
◆考点突破
（2016，山东东营）The local people like that Italian restaurant because it _______ both delicious food and good service .
A uses B. wants C. shares D provides
[答案] D
[解析] 此题采用词义辨析法。 根据题意，可知饭店提供美食和很好的服务。
（2015，山东泰安）The farm ________(提供）the school with fresh vegetables
[答案] provides
◆考点3 allow v.
(not) allow sb to do sth
（不）允许某人做某事
His wife doesn’t allow him to smoke in the room 他妻子不允许他在室内抽烟。
(not) allow doing sth
（不）允许做某事
We don’t allow smoking in the hall . 我们不准有人在大厅内抽烟。
be (not) allowed to do sth
被动结构；（不）被允许做某事
The students are not allowed to chat in class 学生们不被允许在课堂上闲聊。
◆考点突破
4.（2017,山东泰安）Hurry up ! Once the concert starts , nobody ______ to enter the concert hall .
A allows B. allowed C. is allowed D. is allowing
[答案] C
[解析] 考查be allowed to do sth 的用法，意为“被允许做某事”
考点4 work out
eg : We can find a way to work out this problem. 我们可以找到解决问题的方法。
考向1： work有名词词性，worker “工人”
work
不可数名词
脑力和体力劳动
I have a lot of work to do today . 我今天在许多工作要做。
job
可数名词
具体的职业或零工
I heard you had changed jobs . 我听说你换了几个工作。
考向2：work的相关词组：
at work 在工作；上班 work with 与....共事，对....有效
work on 影响，对....起作用，从事于
work for 效劳，为....工作
work out 解决；算出；实现；制定出
work as 担任; 以....身份而工作 work at 致力于，从事于....
◆考点突破
5.(2016,四川) The teacher encourage their students to ______ the problems by themselves, and in this way students can enjoy success.
A give up B. work out C. look through
[答案] B
[解析] 此题采用词义辨析法。句意为：老师鼓励他们的学生独立完成这些题目，这样，学生们会享受到成功的快乐。give up 放弃，work out 算出，解决，look through 浏览
（2017，重庆）尽管这道数学题有点难，但我相信你能解答出来 。（完成句子）
Although this math problem is a bit difficult , I believe you ______ it ______.
[答案] work out
考点5 instead adv.
eg : She didn’t play basketball . She went swimming instead . 她没有去打篮球。取而代之她去游泳了。
考向1： 辨析 instead , instead of
instead
是副词，可单独位于句首或句尾。
You are tired . Let me do it instead . 你累了，让我来做吧。
instead of
是介词短语，表示“代替，而不是”的意思。后面可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
Will you go instead of me ?你替我去好吗？
◆考点突破
7.（2016，浙江） Listen , boy! As a student , you should stay away from the Internet bar _________________(而不是打游戏）。
[答案]instead of playing computer games
考点6 explain v.
explain sth to sb
向某人解释某事
We explained our plan to the committee . 我们把我们的计划向委员会做了说明。
explain +从句
解释
I explained that I missed the bus. 我解释说我错过了那班公共汽车。
explain oneself
把自己的意思表达清楚
Could you explain yourself , please ?请把你的意思表达清楚，好吗？
◆考点突破
8 . （2016，湖北）Would you mind _______(解释）this sentence to me ?
[答案] explaining
[解析] 考查mind doing sth .
eg : Can you explain to me how this machine works ?21cnjy.com
你能解释这台机器是如何工作的吗？
考点7 return v. &n.
eg: We will return to this subject later in the lesson. 21·世纪*教育网
在这一堂课里，我们随后还会到这个题目上来。
He told me the news on my return from Beijing .
当我从北京回来时他告诉了我这个消息。
考向1： return 作不及物动词时，意为“返回”，相当于come back 或go back,其后接地点名词时，要与to 连用，构成return to sp 返回某地 return to sp to do sth 返回某地做某事
eg : When did you return to Beijing ?
你什么时候回来北京的？
She returned to the classroom to take her umbrella .
她返回教室去拿她的雨伞。
考向2 ：return作及物动词时，意为“归还”，相当于give sth back .
eg : He returned the book to the library this evening .
今天晚上他把那本书还给了图书馆。
◆考点突破
9 （2017，浙江台州）---Where are you going ?
---To the library . I’ve finished reading this book , so I’m going to _____ it .
A buy B. throw C. return D. borrow .
[答案] C
[解析] 此题采用情境法。答语句意：去图书馆，我已经读完这本书， 所以要去归还它。return 当“归还”讲时，相当于give back .
考点8 cut out
cut ---过去式 cut ---过去分词cut ---现在分词cutting
eg : Cut out the unnecessary words. 删掉没必要的词。
考向1： cut 常见词组
cut sth into sth
把某物切成某物
Cut the meat into small pieces . 把肉切成小块。
cut down
砍倒
They cut down the big tree. 他们把这棵大树砍倒了。
cut up
切碎
Cut up the meat , please . 请把肉切碎。
cut out
减掉，删除
You can cut out the unimportant details . 你可以删掉不重要的细节。
◆考点突破
（2016，济南）---Alice , could you help me ______ the meat ? I want to make some dumplings for dinner .
---OK. I’ll do it right away .
A put up B. give up C. use up D. cut up
[答案] D
[解析] 考查短语辨析。问句句意为：爱丽丝，你能帮我切碎这些肉吗？晚饭我想包水饺。put up 张帖; 兴起 give up 放弃 use up 用尽 cut up 切碎
考点9 compare...with
考向:辨析compare...with... 与 compare...to...
compare...with....
“把...与...比较”，with可换成to
If you compare his work with here , you’ll find hers is much better. 要是你把他俩的工作比较一下，就会发现她的好得多。
compare...to...
把...比作...
Shakespeare compared the world to a stage 莎士比亚把世界比作舞台。
拓展：compared with /to均表示“与...比较起来”，在句中作状语，可互换。
eg : Compared with /to him , I’m just a beginner . 21教育网
和他相比， 我只是一个初学者。
◆考点突破
--Why are most children under too much pressure ?
---Because their parents always compare them ______ others .
A with B. by C of
[答案] A
[解析] 考查固定短语：compare...with ...意为“把...与...比较”答语句意：因为他们的父母总是把他们与别人比较。 21*cnjy*com
考点10 perhaps
考向:辨析perhaps , maybe, probably , possibly , 都有“大概，也许，可能”的意思
maybe
多用于口语，不够庄重
Maybe I’ll go . 我或许会去。
perhaps
较正式，是也许如此，也许不如此的意思，大体和possibly 同义。
Perhaps you would like to join us for lunch . 也许您愿意和我们共进午餐。
probably
可能性比以上二者大，多与动词连用。
He probably told his father all about the matter .He usually tells him everything . 他可能把这一切都告诉了他爸爸，他对父亲通常什么都说。
possibly
比probably 语气弱
I will do it as possibly as I can我将尽我所能去做。
◆考点突破
12 _____ she’ll be here soon.
A Perhaps B. Possible C. Sure D. May be
[答案]A
[解析] perhaps或许，副词，常用于句首；possible 作形容词或者名词，表示可能的或可能性； sure 作形容词表示确信无疑的，作副词表示当然，的确；“may+系动词be”，如果要放在句首表示或许，应该是may be .
◆could 的用法
情态动词could 用于有礼貌提出要求或请求准许，用于疑问句，代替can , 在时间上与can 没有区别，但语气要比can 委婉，有礼貌。回答时要用can , 不能用could . 除此以外， 肯定回答还可以用Sure/Certainly / Yes, sure /No problem. /With pleasure 等；否定回答还可以用I’m afraid not 等。
---Could you please lend me your dictionary ?我可以看看你的驾照吗？
---Yes, sure . 好的， 当然可以人。
---Could I have your driving license ?我可以看看你的驾照吗？
---Yes, here you are . 好的，给你。
---Could you please water the flowers ?
---No problem 没问题 。
---Could I use your phone ?我可以用一下你的电话吗？
---No, you can’t . I’m waiting for an important call . 不， 不可以。我在等一个重要的电话。
拓展：could 的其他用法：
could 为can 的过去式，表示能力。
Could the girl read before she went to school ?这个女孩上学前能识字吗？
He said that he couldn’t come . 他说他不能来了。
表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度，主要用于否定词和疑问句，此时could与can 无时间上区别，但语气比can 缓和，情绪要弱。
He couldn’t /can’t be over fifty . 他不可能超过五十岁。
Who could /can have taken it ?谁会把它拿走了呢？
(3 )表示可能性，指对将来、现在或过去某种可能的推销。
My wife is in hospital --our baby could arrive at any time. 我妻子住院了-我们的宝宝随时都可能出生。
◆考点突破
（2017?湖北黄冈）---Could I borrow your camera?
----______ , but please give it back by Saturday .
A I am sorry B. Of course C. Certainly D. No, thanks .
【答案】B
【解析】选项A意为“对不起”；选项B意为“当然
（2015，呼和浩特）---_____I try on those shoes in the window?
---______ . They are just on show.
A Could ; Yes, you can B. Can ; Sorry , you couldn’t
Could ; Sorry , you can’t D. Can ; Yes, you could
【答案】C
【解析】句意：“我可以试穿橱窗里的那双鞋？”“对不起，它们只用来陈列。”此问句为有礼貌地请示准许的结构，回答时只能用can , 而不能用could . 故可排除B、D两项，由“just on show”可判断为否定回答，故选C。
3.—— Could I watch TV now , Mom ?
——No, you _______.
A won’t B. couldn’t C. can’t D. needn’t
【答案】C
【解析】could 表请求的答语用can .
◆Why don’t you ....?等提建议的句型及其常用答语。
Why don’t you do sth ?是常见的提建议的句型， 意为什么不做某事呢？”与 “Why not do sth ?”同义。 21·cn·jy·com
eg :---Why don’t you tall to your parents ? 你为什么不和你的父母谈谈呢？
---Good idea !好主意！
---Why don’t you tell him to do something quiet ?你为什么不叫他去做一些安静的事呢？
---That sounds good 听上去不错。
该句型还有发出礼貌地邀请的用法。
---Why not go to the movies with us ?为什么不跟我们一起去看电影呢？
---I’d like to , but I have to study for the test . 我很想去，但我得准备考试。
拓展：（1）What /How about ...?意为“...怎么样/好吗？”
---What/How about watching TV ?看电视怎么样？
---Sounds boring . 听上去很无聊。
Would you like sth ?意为“你想要某物吗？”
---Would you like some apples ?你想要一些苹果吗？
---Yes , please . /No, thanks . 是的，请来几个。/不， 谢谢。
Let’s do sth . 意为“咱们做某事吧”。
---Let’s sing a song ! 咱们唱首歌吧！
---OK./All right ./Good idea. /Sounds great . /Why not ?
行。/ 好的。/好主意。/听起来很好。/为什么不呢？
You should (not) do sth 意为“你（不）应当做某事”。
You should go to the doctor . 你应当去看医生。
You shouldn’t talk to your parents like this . 你不应该这样对你父母说话。
You’d better(not) do sth . 意为“你最好（不）做某事。
You’d better call her at once . 你最好马上给她打电话。
You’d better not go out . 你最好不要出去。
◆考点突破
4 （2017，广西百色）It’s raining heavily outside . Why don’t you _____ your raincoat ?
A put on B. to put on C. take off D. to take off
【答案】A
【解析】put on “穿上”；take off “脱下”. “Why don’t you +动词原形？”意思是“你为什么不....呢？”，用来提出建议。句意：外面在下大雨，你为什么不穿上雨衣呢？故选A。
◆连词until , so that 及although引导的状语从句
until引导时间状语从句
连词until 意为“直到.....为止， 到...时”.引导时间状语从句，常放在主句之后，也可以放在主句之前。
She often works in the field until it gets dark . 她经常在田里干活到天黑。
We didn’t go home until the rain stopped 直到雨停了，我们才回来。
◆考点突破
(2015,江苏） Many people do not realize the important of health ______ they have fallen . 21世纪教育网版权所有
A until B. while C. when D after
【答案】A
【解析】until “直到....为止”；while “当...时”；when “当...时”after “在...之后”。句意：许多人直到失去了（健康），才意识到健康的重要性“，not...until “直到...才”，所以选择A。
（2 ）so that 引导目的和结果状语从句
①so that 意为“以使”，引导目的状语从句，一般放在主句后，且不用逗号隔开，目的状语从句表示动机（即一种可能性），而非事实，因此，从句中常常带有can , will , could , would, should 等 情态动词。
I get up early so that I could catch the early bus . 我起得早， 以便能赶上早班车。
You must go now so that you won’t be late . 你必须现在就去，以便不会迟到。
② so that 意为“以至于，结果”，引导结果状语从句，陈述的客观事实，常常不带情态动词。
He studied hard so that he passed the exam . 他努力学习，结果通过了考试。
◆考点突破
（2016，山东）They develop their skills ______ they can do things better and better .
A however B. because C. since D. so that
【答案】D
【解析】however “可是，然而”，转折连词；because “因为”，引导原因状语从句； since “自从...以来”,引导时间状语从句；句意：他们提高他们的技能以便他们能够把事情做得越来越好。 固选D
③ although 引导让步状语从句
连词although 意为“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句，可以放在主句前面，也可以放在主句后面。
Although you are tall , I’m not afraid of you . 尽管你个子高， 但我不怕你 。
You could help him although you didn’t let him copy your homework. 尽管你不让他抄你的作业，但你可以帮助他。
◆考点突破
(2017,宁波） ---Look! Some people are running the red lights .
---We should wait ______ others are breaking the rule .
A if B. unless C. although D. because
【答案】C
【解析】if “如果”；unless “除非”；although “尽管”； because “因为”， 由主句句意“看！一些人在闯红灯。”可推知此处句意为 “尽管别人违反（交通）规则但是我们应该等待”故选C
选择题
（2017，贵州）---Could you please sweep the floor ?
---_____ . I am busy babysitting my sister .
A Sorry , you can’t B. Yes, sure
C Yes, I can D. Sorry , I can’t
【答案】D
【解析】句意：“请你打扫一下地好吗？”“对不起，我不能。我忙着照看我的妹妹。”由后面的“忙着”可知，要作否定回答，故选D。www.21-cn-jy.com
(2017,天津）---My recorder is broken . Could I use yours ?
--- _____ , but you have to return it tomorrow.
A I’m not sure B. No problem C. I hope so .
【答案】B
【解析】问句“我能用你的（录音机）吗？”为请求许可的句子，故选B。
（2017，广西）---Could you please pass me the book ?
--- _____ .
Yes, I could B. No, I couldn’t C. Sure , Here you are D. No, that’s no problem .
【答案】C
【解析】问句为有礼貌的请求，不可以用could作答，排除A，B两项，D项意思表达有误，故选C。
（2017，山西）The talented boy_____ write lyrics when he was at the age of ten .
A may B. could C. must
【答案】B
【解析】may “可以，可能“，表示许多或可能性；could “能够“，表示过去的能力；must “必须”，表示必要。 句意：这个天才的男孩10岁时就能够写歌词。由此可知，此处表示过去的能力，故选B。
(2017,江苏）---I feel stressed from time to time . Could you give me some advice ?
----______ sharing your worries with your parents ?
A Why don’t you B. How about
C Why not D. Would you like
【答案】B
【解析】Why don’t you ...?后接动词原形；How about ..?后接动名词；Why not ..?后接动词原形；Would you like ...?后接动词不定式。由空格后的sharing 知， 用句型：How about ..? 故选B。
---I feel stressed in my study from time to time . I don’t know what to do . 【版权所有：21教育】
-----_______.
A you should keep calm .
B What about keeping your worries to yourself ?
C Why not ask the workers for advice ?
D You’d better pay no attention to your study
【答案】A
【解析】四个选项都是表示提建议。句意：“我在学习上有时感到紧张。我不知道怎么办。”“你应该保持冷静。”故选A。
We didn’t start our discussion ______ everybody arrived .
A since B. if C. while D. until
【答案】D
【解析】not...until... 意为“直到....才....” 句意：直到大家都到了，我们才开始讨论。 2·1·c·n·j·y
(2017,浙江）Frank lives a simple life _____ he has lots of money .
A although B. because C. so D. if
【答案】A
【解析】although “尽管”，引导让步状语从句； because “因为” , 引导原因状语从句；so “因此”，引导结果状语从句；if “如果”，引导条件状语从句。句意：尽管弗兰克有很多钱，但他过着简朴的生活。故选A。 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
Mr. Green speaks very loudly _____ all the people can hear him clearly . www-2-1-cnjy-com
A when B. so that C. because D if
【答案】B
【解析】when “当...的时候”, 引导时间状语从句；so that “以便”， 引导目的状语从句；because “因为”,引导原因状语从句。If “如果”,引导条件状语从句。句意：格林先生很大声地说话， 以便所有人能清楚地听到。故选B。
---Do you like talking with your friends on the telephone or mobile phone ?
----_____ . I enjoy chatting on-line .
A Neither B. Either C. Both D. None .
【答案】A
【解析】问句句意：“你喜欢和朋友在电话上还是在手机上交谈？”由答语中“我喜欢在网上聊天。”可知“两者都不喜欢”。neither意为“两者都不”，故选A 。
There must be ______ wrong with the clock . It doesn’t work.
A nothing B. something C. everything D. None
【答案】B
【解析】由后面的“It doesn’t work”可知前一句意思为“这个钟表一定出了毛病”。由此可知，第一句为肯定结构，故选B。
--What was your brother doing at this time yesterday ?
---He was reading a magazine _____ I was writing an e-mail at home . 【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
A as soon as B. after C. until D. while
【答案】D
【解析】主句和从句都是过去正在进行的动作，选项中只有连词while 可以连接两个正在进行的动作。故选D。
---Let’s ______ some dumplings right now .
---OK. I’ll cut up the meat first .
A eat B. buy C. heat D. make
【答案】D
【解析】由下文“我要先切碎肉”可知，上文应是“包饺子”。故选D。
Alison is a funny boy . He often makes us _____ .
A to laugh B. laughing C. laugh D. laughed
【答案】C
【解析】make sb do sth意为“使某人做某事”，故选C。
It’s nice of you to ______ so much time showing me around your school . 21教育名师原创作品
A take B. spend C. cost D. have
【答案】B
【解析】题干后有showing ,因此可知此处为spend some time doing sth 结构，故选B 。
All of us find ______ necessary to take exercise every day .
A this B. that C. them D. it
【答案】D
【解析】此句为it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为to take exercise every day .故选D。
Hurry up ,_____ you will miss the plane .
A and B. but C. so D. or
【答案】D
【解析】句意：快点，否则你就会赶不上飞机，由此可知选D。
The new kind of car is _____ dear . I don’t have _____ money .
A too much ; much too B. much too ; too much
C too much , too much D much too ; much too
【答案】B
【解析】too much 修饰不可数名词，much too 修饰形容词或副词原级。由句意“这种新款汽车太贵了，我没有太多钱”知选B。
---How long can I _____ the book ?
---- For two weeks .
A keep B borrow C. lend D. buy
【答案】A
【解析】how long为一段时间，谓语须用持续性动词，keep为持续性动词，borrow, lend 和buy 都是短暂性动词。故选A。
---We all like Miss Wang .
--- I agree with you . She always makes her English classes _____.
A interested B. bored C interesting D. boring
【答案】C
【解析】interested 和bored 修饰人，interesting 和boring 修饰事物，“make sth +adj”结构表示“使某事物怎么样”，由此可排除A， B两项，再由上文“我们都喜欢王老师”，可知答案为C。
Why don’t you ______ an English club to practice _____ English ?
A to join ; to speak B. join ; speaking
C join ; to speak D. to join ; speaking
【答案】B
【解析】Why don’t you ..?后接动词原形；用来提建议；practice后接动名词，不接动词不定式，故选B 。
Tigers wait _____ it is dark , then go out to find their food .
A since B until C. as D because
【答案】D
【解析】由句意“老虎直到天黑才出去觅食。”故选B 。
The teacher speaks very loudly _____ all the students can hear her. 【出处：21教育名师】
A so that B. because C. since D. when
【答案】A
【解析】so that “以便”，引导目的状语从句；because“因为”,引导原因状语从句；since“自从...以来”,引导时间状语从句；when“当...的时候”,引导时间状语从句。句意：老师大声说话以便所有的学生都能听到。故选A。
If you get on well _____ your classmates , you’ll enjoy your school life more .
A to B at C. with D in
【答案】C
【解析】get on well with sb. 意为 “与某人和睦相处”。故选C。
---How will she deal with the work ?
---She doesn’t want to do it by herself . She wants to ask someone else to do it ,______.
A yet B instead C. too D. either
【答案】B
【解析】yet “还，尚”，常用于现在完成时；instead “代替”，修饰整个句子，作状语；too“也”，用肯定句或疑问句；either “也”,只用于否定句。句意：“她将怎样处理这份工作？”“她不想自己做。相反，她想请别人来做。”故选B。
John is standing _____ Gina and Jim .
A at B during C. between D. in
【答案】C
【解析】during 只用在时间前面，而Gina and Jim 表示位置关系，故可直接排除；其余三个选项都可用于时间或地点前面；at 可表示在某点位置或某个小地点；between “在两者之间”；in 可表示在某范围内或某个较大地点。句意：约翰正站在吉娜和吉姆之间。故选C。
---I think drinking milk every morning is good _____ our health .
----Yes, I agree _____ you .
A to ; to B. with ; to C. at ; with D. for ; with
【答案】D
【解析】be good for 意为“对...有益”；agree with sb 意为“同意某人（的看法）”，句意：我认为每天早晨喝对我们的健康有益。”“是的，我同意你的看法。”故选D。
Sometimes walking is even _____ than driving during the busy traffic time .
A fast B. faster C slow D. slower
【答案】B
【解析】even修饰形容词或副词的比较级，表示程度。句意：在繁忙的交通时段，表程度。句意：在繁忙的交通时段，有时步行甚至还要快。故选B。
---Your father is sleeping now . Could you _____ the music a bit ?
---OK, mom .
A turn down B. turn on C. turn of f D. turn up
【答案】A
【解析】四个选项都是“动词+副词”短语。turn down “开小， 高低”；turn on “打开”；turn off “关闭”；turn up “开大、调高”。 由sleeping 可排除B、D两项；由a bit 可知应用turn down. 句意：你爸爸现在在睡觉。你把音乐声调低一点好吗？”“好的，妈妈。”
_____ he exercises every day , _____ he is very healthy .
A Because ; so B Though ; but C. Because ; / D. Though; /
【答案】C
【解析】连词because 和so 不能同时使用，即，前面有because , 后面用了so , 前面就不能用so 连接；反之，后面用了 so, 前面就不能用because . though和but 的用法也有同样的特点。句意：因为他每天锻炼，所以他很健康。故选C。
