专题08 健康饮食类
模拟训练
Passage 1（2018届江西省红色七校高三联考）
Crossing your legs is an extremely common habit; most people don't even notice that they're doing it when they sit down. While you may find it comfortable to sit with one knee crossed over the other, it might be causing health problems that you are not aware of.
A study published in Blood Pressure Monitoring stated that sitting with your legs crossed can increase your blood pressure. The reason for this is that the blood in your legs has to work against gravity to be pumped back to your heart and that crossing one leg over the other increases resistance, making it even harder for the blood to circulate. This causes your body to increase your blood pressure to push the blood back to the heart. You won't feel any immediate effects, but repeated, drawn-out increases in blood pressure can cause long-term health issues. So, planning to sit for a long period of time? Don't keep your legs crossed.
Crossing your legs at the knee can also cause pressure on the major nerve in your leg that passes just below your knee and along the outside of your leg, explains Richard Graves, a medical expert. This pressure can cause numbness and temporary paralysis (麻痹) of some of the muscles in your foot and leg, preventing you from being able to raise your ankle—what we know as that “pins and needles” sensation. While the feeling of discomfort may only last a minute or two, repeatedly crossing your legs until they feel numb can cause permanent nerve damage.
So next time you sit down, try to get yourself in the habit of sitting with both of your feet on the floor. Not only will it help your posture and stability, but it will also save your health in the long run.
1.What can we learn about crossing one's legs?
A. It is a very bad social habit.
B. It is usually practiced deliberately.
C. It can make others feel uncomfortable.
D. It can do harm to people's health.
2.According to the study, sitting with your legs crossed can______.
A. resist gravity effectively B. affect your blood pressure
C. lead to heart attacks easily D. improve the fun_ction of legs
3.In the third paragraph "pins and needles" probably means______.
A. serious muscle injuries B. being a little nervous
C. slight sharp pains D. being highly flexible
4.What is the main purpose of the text?
A. To give readers some advice.
B. To compare common habits.
C. To evaluate effects of an experiment.
D. To introduce research methods.
【话题解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了研究发现跷二郎腿对身体有害，大家要改掉跷二郎腿的坏习惯。
1.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“ it might be causing health problems that you are not aware of.”可知，跷二郎腿对健康有害。
2.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“ sitting with your legs crossed can increase your blood pressure.”可知，跷二郎腿会使血压升高。
4.A 【解析】文章意图题。根据文章内容，特别是第一段中的“it might be causing health problems that you are not aware of.”及最后一段中的“So next time you sit down, try to get yourself in the habit of sitting with both of your feet on the floor.”可知，研究发现跷二郎腿对健康有害，因此这篇文章的目的是建议大家改掉跷二郎腿的坏习惯。
Passage2（2018届江西省新余市第一中学高三毕业班第四次模拟考试 ）
Nowadays more and more people are talking about genetically modified foods ( GM foods). GM foods develop from genetically modified organisms (有机体), which have had specific changes introduced into their DNA by genetic engineering techniques. These techniques are much more precise where an organism is exposed to chemicals to create a nonspecific but stable change. For many people, the hightech production raises all kinds of environmental, ethical, health and safety problems. Particularly in countries with long farming traditions, the idea seems against nature.
In fact, GM foods are already very much a part of our lives. They were first put on the market in 1996. A third of the corn and more than half the cotton grown in the U. S. last year was the product of biotechnology, according to the Department of Agriculture. More than 65 million acres of genetically modified crops will be planted in the US this year.?The genetic genie is out of the bottle.
However, like any new product entering the food chain, GM foods must be subjected to careful testing. In wealthy countries, the debate about biotech is not so fierce by the fact that they have a large number of foods to choose from, and a supply that goes beyond the needs. In developing countries desperate to feed fast-growing and underfed populations, the matter is simpler and much more urgent: do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks?
The statistics on population growth and hunger are disturbing. Last year the world's population reached 6 billion. The UN states that nearly 800 million people around the world are unhealthy. About 400 million women of childbearing age don' t have enough iron, which means their babies are exposed to various birth defeats. As many as 100 million children suffer from vitamin A deficiency, a leading cause of blindness.
How can biotech help? Genetic engineering is widely used to produce plants and animals with better nutritional values. Biotechnologists have developed genetically modified rice and they are working on other kinds of nutritionally improved crops. Biotech can also improve farming productivity in places where food shortages are caused by crop damage attributable to drought, poor soil and crop viruses.
1.The passage mainly talks about________.
A. the world's food problem B. the development in biotech
C. the genetically modified foods D. the way to solve food shortages
2.According to the passage, GM foods________.
A. will replace naturally grown foods
B. are far better than naturally grown foods
C. may help to solve the problem of poor nutrition
D. can cause serious trouble in developing countries
3.The underlined sentence “The genetic genie is out of the bottle.” in Paragraph 2 probably
means that________.
A.GM foods are available everywhere
B. the technology in producing GM foods is advanced
C. genetic technology may have uncontrollable powers
D. genetic technology has come out of laboratories into markets
4.What's the writer's attitude towards GM foods?
A. Enthusiastic. B. Cautious.
C. Disapproving. D. Unbelievable.
【话题解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了转基因食品及其对人类生活的影响。
1.C 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章内容，特别是第一段中的“Nowadays more and more people are talking about genetically modified foods ( GM foods).”可知，本文主要介绍的是转基因食品。
2.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Genetic engineering is widely used to produce plants and animals with better nutritional values.”可知，转基因食品有助于解决营养不良问题。
4.B 【解析】观点态度题。根据第三段中的“However, like any new product entering the food chain, GM foods must be subjected to careful testing.”可知，作者认为转基因食品进入市场前需要严格的检测，由此可见作者对转基因食品的态度是谨慎的。
Passage3（2018届安徽省皖南八校高三联考）
If you want to slow aging, you might want to eat less. This finding is good news---if you were a mouse. The researchers studied mice, not people.
John Price and other researchers studied two groups of mice. One group was able to eat as much as it wanted. The researchers limited what the mice in the other group ate. Their diet had 35 percent fewer calories than the first group of mice.
Price says the mice with the diet restrictions were “more energetic and suffered fewer disease.” They were not just living longer but seemed to stay younger for a longer period of time.
The researchers found that fewer calories slow down a natural mechanism in cells called ribosomes. Price explains that ribosomes are responsible for making important proteins in the cells. But with fewer calories, they slow down. This gives the cells more time to repair themselves.
The researchers say ribosomes use from 10 to 20 percent of the cell’s energy to make those proteins. Price wrote that “because of this, it is impractical to destroy an entire ribosome” when it starts to break down. However, “repairing individual parts of the ribosome on a regular basis enables ribosomes to continue producing high quality proteins for longer than they would otherwise. This top quality production, in turn, keeps cells and the entire body functioning well.”
Price said, “ribosome is a very complex machine, like a car.” They need “maintenance to replace the parts that wear out the fastest. When tires wear out,” he explained, “you don’t throw the whole car away and buy a new one. It costs less to replace the old tires.”
“Food,” he said, “isn’t just material to be burned---it’s a signal that tells our body and cells how to respond.” Price said the findings help to explain how exactly our bodies age. And this may “help us make more educated decisions about what we eat.”
1.What can we know about the mice with limited calories from the study?
A. They can keep healthy easily
B. They need more energy to be active
C. They can look younger than they are
D. They will live a longer life like humans
2.What will happen to ribosomes if there are fewer calories?
A. They will completely break down
B. They make proteins in the cells slowly
C. They will produce high quality proteins more
D. They may need more time to repair themselves
3.Price explained the ribosomes’ role of repairing themselves by _________.
A. telling a story B. listing basic data
C. making comparisons D. experimenting on mice
4.What does the text mainly deal with?
A. Food decides how long you live
B. Can you slow down your aging process?
C. Eating less may help you live longer
D. Should your diet be reduced for your health?
【话题解读】本文是一篇说明文。通过研究实验发现：吃的少会使你长寿。
1.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据文中The researchers limited what the mice in the other group ate. Their diet had 35 percent fewer calories than the first group of mice.的提示可知他们能够很容易保持健康，故选A。
2.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文中The researchers found that fewer calories slow down a natural mechanism in cells called ribosomes.的提示可知它们会在细胞中缓慢地产生蛋白质，故选B。
4.C 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文中If you want to slow aging, you might want to eat less. This finding is good news的提示可知这片名文章的主旨是吃的少会使你长寿，故选C。
Passage4（2017届黑龙江省大庆实验中学高三仿真模拟）
Are you sometimes too tired to go out to eat? Do you like to eat inside the dormitory in bad weather? But are you still thinking about getting a takeaway delivered to your dormitory by calling the restaurant? If so, you’re out!
Weibo orders
Wang Ying, 19, launched the micro blog “Help You Buy” with another two female students of Grade 2 from the Wuhan College of Media and Communication. She guarantees delivery within 30 minutes of placing an order via the micro blog.
“Once, we wanted to eat McDonald’s in our dormitory, but the campus is located too far away from the city center. I thought other students might have the same problem, so we decided to help others buy the food they like,” says Wang.
The service charges 10 yuan for 25 to 60 yuan worth of food, and 15 yuan for 60 to 110 yuan worth of food. They only deliver dinner, because they all have classes to attend during the day. “We take a bus downtown after we finish class at 5:20 pm and come back before 7 pm,” says Wang.
They’ve encountered a few problems on the way. One day it was raining heavily and the bus didn’t come for a long time. “To get the orders to our clients before 7 pm, I had to take a taxi. We made a loss that day, but it was necessary in order to save our reputation,” says Liu Ping, 19, Wang’s partner.
“When we have made enough money, we plan to buy an electric bike,” says Liu.
WeChat business
Three students at Guilin University of Electronic Technology launched an account on WeChat.
“We collected all the information of restaurants located around the campus and released it on the account. Users can order a meal simply by following a few steps according to the system instructions,” says Qiu Lichao, 19, a sophomore majoring in electronic engineering. After a user chooses a meal and submits the order, the restaurant prepares it. With more than 2,000 orders coming in every day, Qiu set up a distribution team with about 30 students to help the restaurants deliver food, and of course to earn some money.
“We plan to provide more services, including buying groceries and booking hotels. It will make life much more convenient for students,” says Qiu.
1.What do we know from the text?
A. Qiu Lichao and the partners got the business idea from their life experience.
B. Qiu Lichao and the partners provided convenience and job opportunities for students.
C. Wang Ying and the partners did a lot of preparation work for the business.
D. Wang Ying and the partners earned money from each order and delivery.
2.How are you served by the Weibo orders?
A. You need to pay 40 yuan to enjoy a lunch worth 30 yuan.
B. You must pay 15 yuan for the service to enjoy your delivered dinner.
C. You may get your takeaway delivered at 6:30 pm sometimes.
D. You choose a meal and submit the order and the restaurant prepares it.
3.Both Wang Ying and Qiu Lichao have a(n) ________ attitude towards their future business.
A. positive B .negative
C. uncertain D. indifferent
【话题解读】本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了两名大学生和他们的搭档们利用课余时间给人们提供送餐服务。
2.C 【解析】细节理解题。由文章第四段首句“The service charges 10 yuan for 25 to 60 yuan worth of food, and 15 yuan for 60 to 110 yuan worth of food”可知，A、B项叙述有误；由文章第四段内容“ ‘We take a bus downtown after we finish class at 5:20 pm and come back before 7 pm,’ says Wang.”可知C项叙述正确；由文章倒数第二段内容“After a user chooses a meal and submits the order, the restaurant prepares it.”可知D项叙述的是WeChat提供的服务，D项错误。
3.A 【解析】观点态度题。由文章第六段内容“ ‘When we have made enough money, we plan to buy an electric bike, ’says Liu.”和文章最后一句“‘We plan to provide more services, including buying groceries and booking hotels. It will make life much more convenient for students, ’says Qiu.”可知，这两个学生都持有一种积极的态度，故选A项。
Passage5（2017届安徽六校联考）
Teenagers are damaging their health by not getting enough sleep because they are distracted(分散) by electronic products in their bedrooms, according to a survey.
UK advice body The Sleep Council said "junk sleep" could rival(比得上) the consumption of unhealthy junk food as a major lifestyle issue for parents of teenage children. It brings no less harm than junk food to one’s health. Its survey of 1,000 teenagers aged 12 to 16 found that 30 percent managed just 4 to 7 hours sleep as opposed to(形成对照)the recommended 8 or 9 hours by the experts. Almost a quarter said they fell asleep more than once a week while watching TV, listening to music or using other electronic products.
“This is an extremely worrying situation,” said Dr Chris Idzikowski of the Edinburgh Sleep Centre. “What we are seeing is the appearance of Junk Sleep — that is sleep which is of neither the length nor quality that it should be in order to feed the brain with the rest it needs to perform properly at school.”
Nearly all the teenagers had a phone, music system or TV in their bedroom, with around two-thirds possessing all three. Almost one in five of the teenage boys said the quality of their?sleep had been?impacted?by leaving their TV or computer on. The survey also found that 40 percent of teenagers felt tired each day, with girls aged 15 to 16 doing the worst. However just 11 percent said they were bothered by the lack or quality of sleep.
“I'm surprised that so few teenagers make the link between getting enough good quality sleep and how they feel during the day,” Idzikowski said. “Teenagers need to wake up to the?fact to feel well, perform well and look well; they need to do something about their sleep.”
1.According to the experts, how many hours should teenagers sleep every night?
A.4 to 7 hours B.8 or 9 hours
C.6 or 7 hours D.7 or 8 hours
2.Which of the following is?NOT?true about “junk sleep”?
A. It’s a kind of sleep with poor quality.
B. It’s kind of sleep with shorter hours.
C. It’s not as harmful as junk food to one’s health.
D. It’s mainly caused by the electronic products in the bedroom.
3.The underlined word?“impacted”?Paragraph 4 can probably be replaced by “?????______??.”
A. improved B. destroyed
C. affected D. inspired
4.It can be inferred from the passage that Dr. Chris Idzikowski is very _____________about present situation.
A. worried B. satisfied
C. angry D. disappointed
【话题解读】本文为说明文。讲述的是一项研究卧室中的电子产品影响了青少年的睡眠质量，这对他们的健康造成损害。
1.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第三句话中的“…the recommended 8 or 9 hours by the experts”可知青少年每晚应该睡8到9个小时，故选B。
3.C 【解析】词义猜测题。根据上下文可知此处表示几乎五分之一的男孩说开着电视或电脑影响他们的睡眠质量，因此该词表示“影响”，与affect一致，故选C。
4.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段可知Dr. Chris Idzikowski对目前青少年的情况感到担忧，故选A。
专题08 健康饮食类
真题训练
Passage1（2017年·北京卷）
题型
体裁
话题
难度
建议时间
阅读理解
说明文文
麻疹在历史上带来的危害
★★★☆☆
6分钟
Measles(麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.
The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called “herd immunity”, which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can’t be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn’t work.
But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.
That’s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.
The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.
Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption（豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.
Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions.
Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions? Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but they’ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.
63. The first two paragraphs suggest that ____________.
A. a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trend
B. the outbreak of measles attracts the public attention
C. anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasons
D. information about measles spreads quickly
64. Herd immunity works well when ____________.
A. exemptions are allowed
B. several vaccines are used together
C. the whole neighborhood is involved in
D. new regulations are added to the state laws
65. What is the main reason for the comeback of measles?
A. The overuse of vaccine.
B. The lack of medical care.
C. The features of measles itself.
D. The vaccine opt-outs of some people.
66. What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To introduce the idea of exemption.
B. To discuss methods to cure measles.
C. To stress the importance of vaccination.
D. To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.
【话题解读】本文主要是介绍了麻疹在历史上带来的危害，以及为什么会发生这样的情况。
63.A 【解析】细节理解题。文章第二段的首句既是对第一段的总结，又是第二段的中心句，由此可知答案为A。
65.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly.可知，那些反对疫苗的人导致的麻疹的复发，故选D。
66.C 【解析】写作意图题。本文主要是介绍了麻疹在历史上带来的危害，以及为什么会有这样的情况，最根本原因还是那些不注射疫苗的人导致的，故本文的目的是强调疫苗的作用，选C。
Passage2（2016年·新课标卷III）
题型
体裁
话题
难度
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阅读理解七选五
说明文
买鱼和烧鱼的常识
★★★☆☆
6分钟
Everyone knows that fish is good for health. 16 But it seems that many people don’t cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn’t difficult. 17 This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.
18 Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you’re standing at the ocean’s edge. Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn’t fresh. 19 When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you’d better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don’t cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish isn’t as tasty as the fresh one.
There?are?many?common?methods?used?to?cook?fish.? 20 First, clean?it?and?season?it?with?your?choice?
of?spices(调料). Put?the?whole?fish?on?a?plate?and?steam?it?in?a?steam?pot?for?8?to?10?minutes?if?it?weighs?about?one?
pound. (A?larger?one?will?take?more?time.) Then, it’s?ready?to?serve.
A. Do?not?buy?it.
B. The?easiest?is?to?steam?it.
C. This?is?how?you?can?do?it.
D. It?just?requires?a?little?knowledge.
E. The?fish?will?go?bad?within?hours.
F. When?buying?fish, you?should?first?smell?it.
G. The?fats?in?fish?are?thought?to?help?prevent?heart?disease.
【话题解读】文章主要介绍了一些买鱼和烧鱼的常识。带有强烈气味的鱼不新鲜，最简单的方法是蒸鱼。
17.D 【解析】由前一句＂Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn’t difficult.＂可知，购买，存放和烧鱼并非难事，再根据后面一句可知，文章主要介绍了买鱼和烧鱼的简单知识，D项＂这仅仅需要一点知识＂符合语境，此题容易与C项混淆，C项后面应该直接跟烧鱼的方法，即C项与后一句重复，故选D。
18.F 【解析】根据＂Fresh fish should smell sweet＂可知，本段讲的是买鱼的时候要闻一下鱼的气味，故选F。
20.B 【解析】根据＂Put?the?whole?fish?on?a?plate?and?steam?it?in?a?steam?pot for 8 to 10 minutes＂可知，本段介绍的是蒸鱼的方法，故选B。
Passage3（2016年·四川卷）
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说明文
晚上喝牛奶和睡眠之间的关系
★★★☆☆
6分钟
A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night’s sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod off—if it is milked from a cow at night.
Researchers have discovered that ＂night milk＂ contains more melatonin(褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.
The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.
Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.
Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.
While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.
Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content, which helps people to relax.
Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening. The more fat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night.
12. According to the text, the mice fed with daytime milk_______.
A. started sleep more easily B. were more anxious
C. were less active D. woke up later
13. Which of the following is true of melatonin according to the text?
A. It’s been tested on mice for ten years
B. It can make people more energetic
C. It exists in milk in great amount
D. It’s used in sleeping drugs
14. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Night Milk and Sleep B. Fat Sugar and Health
C. An Experiment on Mice D. Milk Drinking and Health
15.How does the author support the theme of the text?
A. By giving examples. B. By stating arguments.
C. By explaining statistical data. D. By providing research results.
【话题解读】这是一篇饮食与健康紧密结合的话题。本文介绍了晚上喝牛奶和睡眠之间的关系。
12.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段第一句Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime白天喝牛奶的老鼠会更焦虑一些。故选B。
14.A 【解析】主旨大意题。综合全文可知，本文讲的是晚上喝牛奶和睡眠之间的关系。故A项符合题意。
15.D【解析】推理判断题。根据前三段中的But now a study, Researchers have discovered that 和The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea可知作者是通过提供研究结果来支持文章主题的。故选D。
Passage4（2015年·新课标卷II）
题型
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话题
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说明文
晚上喝牛奶和睡眠之间的关系
★★★☆☆
6分钟
Your house may have an effect on your figure . Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off . You can make your environment work for you instead of against you . Here are some ways to turn your home into part of diet plan.
Open the curtains and turn up the lights. Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self-conscious(难为情)when they’re in poorly lit places-and so more likely to eat lots of food. If your home doesn’t have enough window light, get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.
Mind the colors. Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites . In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room . Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colors make us feel less hungry. So when it’s time to repaint, go blue.
Don’t forget the clock-or the radio. People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals. Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes. And while you’re at it, actually sit down to eat. If you need some help slowing down, turn on relaxing music. It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.
Downsize the dishes. Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat. We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate. When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake(摄入) jumps by 14 percent. And we’ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass.
25.The text is especially helpful for those who care about_______.
A. their home comforts B. their body shape
C. house buying D. healthy diets
26.A home environment in blue can help people_________.
A. digest food better B. reduce food intake
C. burn more calories D. regain their appetites
27.What are people advised to do at mealtimes?
A. Eat quickly. B. Play fast music.
C. Use smaller spoons. D. Turn down the lights.
28.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Is Your House Making You Fat? B. Ways of Serving Dinner
C. Effects of Self-Consciousness D.Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?
【话题解读】此篇文章是一篇饮食与健康有关的话题。文章讲述了如何科学的设计自己的房间内部的颜色、装饰等来达到减少食物的摄入量，从而让自己保持自己喜欢的体形。
26.B 【解析】细节理解题。从第三段中的＂In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room＂可知，在蓝色的环境下进餐可以减少食物的摄入量。故选B。
28.A 【解析】标题推断题。本文分析了我们如何通过改善室内的陈述及就餐时的器具等来达到节食的目的，故A项符合题意。
专题08健康饮食类
【话题解读】
＂饮食与健康＂是高中英语新课标话题当中非常重要的两个话题，饮食与健康自古以来都是人们所关心的重大问题，尤其是随着社会进步和人们物质生活水平的提高，食物质量和安全问题以及身体健康更是受到了人们空前的关注，因此顺应时代潮流，高考英语对这两个话题更是有所体现。?
?【高考探究】
由于饮食与健康是热点话题，高考英语中对这两个话题会涉及较多的考查内容，常以阅读理解、完形填空、语法填空以及书面表达的形式出现，例如2017年新课标卷I语言知识运用的第二节（语法填空），2016年四川卷阅读理解D篇，2016年全国卷Ⅲ七选五，2015年广东卷基础写作，2015课标全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B篇，2013新课标全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解C篇等。 ? ?
【相关词汇】
Ⅰ.写作必记单词?
1. benefit?n.利益，好处→ beneficial?adj.有好处的?
2. burden?n.负担?
3. comfortable?adj.舒服的，安逸的→ uncomfortable?adj.不舒服的，不自在的→ comfort?n.?vt.安慰?
4. harm?n.?vt.伤害；损伤→ harmful?adj.有伤害的→ harmless?adj.无害的?
5. hurt?vt.伤害，受伤；使痛心?
6. necessary?adj.必需的，必要的?
7. pressure?n.压迫，压力?
8. reduce?vt.减少，缩减?
9. serve?vt.招待(顾客等)，服务?
10. strengthen?v.增强→ strength?n.长处，优势→ strong?adj.强壮的
?Ⅱ.阅读识记单词
?11.abnormal?adj. 反常的?
12.acute?adj.严重的；(疾病) 急性的?
13.allergic?adj. 过敏的?
14.appetite?n .食欲，胃口?
15.bacterium?n .细菌?
16.bitter?adj. 苦的，有苦味的?
17.bleed?vi. 出血，流血?
18.depression?n .抑郁症→ depress?vt.使沮丧，使意志消沉，使心灰意冷→ depressed?adj.抑郁的，沮丧的?
19.digest?vt. 消化；领会
【典例剖析】
典例1
A well-known study in 1979 found that people who socialize with others live longer than people who keep to themselves. A new study shows that socializing online may have health benefits as well.
To test the theory, researchers from Harvard, Yale, Northeastern and the University of California at San Diego looked at the Facebook profiles of 12 million people. Then they compared the profiles with the California Department of Public Health records over a two-year period from 2011 to 2013. The researchers found that people with more friends online were less likely to die than similar people who were not so connected. The researchers published their findings in an article titled ＂Online social integration (整合) is associated with reduced mortality (死亡) risk＂ in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
Of all the kinds of Facebook usage, it was getting friend requests rather than sending friend requests that related to reduced mortality. Similarly, posting photos and being tagged in photos was connected with living longer, but sending messages on Facebook was not. People who were tagged in many photos had the lowest mortality rates in the study.
Some diseases had a significant reduction of mortality with Facebook users. Deaths from infections, diabetes, mental illness or dementia, heart disease, strokes, other cardiovascular diseases, liver disease, and homicide were all significantly lower for Facebook users than for non-users. Other causes of death did not show a relation to Facebook usage, including several types of cancer, unintentional injuries, drug overdoses, and suicides.
The study did not examine any other social media sites to see if using them lengthened life. Also, two of the researchers worked at Facebook while the study was being conducted. William Hobbes, one of the researchers who was a postdoctoral fellow at Northeastern University, and co-author of the study, worked at Facebook as a research intern (实习生) in 2013. He said that Facebook agreed not to interfere with the research, no matter what the result was. But, he added, researchers ＂were pretty confident that we were going to find this result＂.
The researchers were careful to say that their results showed an associative relationship between using Facebook and living longer, not a causal one. In other words, researchers did not prove that using Facebook makes someone live longer. The study simply showed a connection between a longer life and some activities users do on Facebook. The researchers say the findings may be able to help show how online social networks can help improve people’s health on a global scale.
1.How did the researchers draw their conclusion?
A. By analyzing causes. B. By doing questionnaires.
C. By making comparisons. D. By conducting experiments.
2.What can be inferred from the third paragraph?
A. Social media makes it easier to make friends.
B. Not all Facebook usage is connected with a longer life.
C. Posting photos may become very popular in the future.
D. Using Facebook frequently makes one’s life last longer.
3.Facebook usage may reduce the mortality risk of people suffering from ________.
A. strokes B. cancer
C. drug abuse D. suicides
4.What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To report the results of a study.
B. To stress the importance of social media.
C. To show the healthy way of using Facebook.
D. To explain why online interaction has health benefits.
【话题解读】本文为说明文。研究表明，参加网络社交活动可能会延长人的寿命，对人类的健康也有诸多好处。
2.B 【解析】考查推理判断。根据第三段的内容尤其是＂it was getting friend requests rather than sending friend requests that related to reduced mortality. Similarly, posting photos and being tagged in photos was connected with living longer, but sending messages on Facebook was not...＂可知，与降低死亡风险有关的是收到好友请求而不是发送好友请求；与延长人的寿命有关的是张贴照片而不是发送信息。由此可知，并不是所有的Facebook运用都与寿命的延长有关。故选B。
4.A 【解析】考查作者意图。纵观全文可知，本文主要讲的是一项有关参加网络社交活动与人的健康之间的关系的研究的相关内容。故作者写作本文的目的是介绍这一研究的结果。
典例2
There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界） 61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67 (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.
【话题解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对于食物中的脂肪和盐分，人们的态度不一。脂肪和盐分对于健康来说是必不可少的，但如果人们摄入过多的脂肪和盐分，自身的健康将会收到损害。
61. as
【解析】考查介词。句意：这个做法最初是医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的形式开始的。as表示＂做为，以...身份＂，故填as。
62. effects
【解析】考查单复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是＂一些不为人知的副作用＂，根据前文的some可知＂副作用side effect＂有很多，故填effects。
63. to process
【解析】考查不定式。句意：他们被要求加工食物 require表示＂要求＂， require sb. to do sth.表示＂要求某人做某事＂，被动形式为＂sb. be required to do sth.＂，表示＂某人被要求做某事＂。故填to process。
64. are removed
65. a
【解析】考查冠词。固定短语as a result表示＂结果＂，句意：结果，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填a。
66. worse
【解析】考查比较级。句意：更糟糕的是，人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。故填worse。
67. is
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：快餐食物中充满了脂肪和盐。fast food的意思是＂快餐＂，表示一类食物，为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。
68. eating
【解析】考查动名词。句意：通过吃更多的快餐，人们将在饮食中摄入超过需求量的脂肪和盐。根据前文中的by可知此处应该填名词，所以填eat的动名词形式。故填eating。
69. careful
【解析】考查形容词。句意：然而，注意不要走极端。分析语境可知be后面应该用形容词做表语，故填careful。
70. which
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐，那对健康没有好处。分析可知which is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前文中的have too much of both＂摄入过多的脂肪和盐＂。故填which。
