第十四讲 八年级下 7--8
tour (v.)→______(n.) 观光者
achieve (v.) → ______ (n.) 成就
protect (v. ) →______(n.) 保护
beautiful (adj.)→______ (n.) 美，美人
French (adj.&n.) →_____ (n.) 法国
laugh( v. ) →_______ (n.) 笑声
introduce(v.) →________(n.) 介绍
freeze(v.) →______ (adj.)极冷的
excite(v.)→_________(n.)兴奋→_______ (adj.)令人兴奋的→_______ (adj.)感到兴奋的
Asia (n.) →Asian (adj.)亚洲的，亚洲人的
thick (adj.) → thin (反义词) 薄的
include (v.) → _______ (prep.)包含，包括
weigh(v.)→ _______(n.) 重量
south(n.) →____(adj.）南方的
wake(v.) →________ （adj.） 醒着的
ill (adj.)→_______(n.)疾病
success(n.)→______(v.)成功→_________(adj.)成功的→_________(adv.)成功地
fill(v.)→_____(adj.)充满的
就我所知 ________________
吸入；吞入（体内）____________
面对（问题、困难等）_____________
即使；虽然 ______________
太平洋_______________
国内外 ________________
到达（某数量、程度等）;至多有；不多于 ___________
走路时撞着 ____________
绊倒 _____________
大约 _____________
赶快；急忙（做某事) __________
科幻小说（或影片等）_____________
乡村音乐 _____________
实现某人的梦想______________
互相 _________________
属于 ____________
◆考点 1 population
考向1 ：提问人品数量的句型是:What’s population of ...?
eg: What’s the population of the world now ?现在世界人口有多少？
考向2 ：形容人口多少用big,large和small
eg: The city has a big /large /small population 这个城市人口多/少。
考向3：population 作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式与population 的词义一致，即表达一个整体概念时为单数，表示具体人数时为复数。
eg : The population of Nigeria is nearly 100 million （强调整体性）尼日利亚的人口近1亿。 21教育名师原创作品
Three quarters of the population in the city are from other parts of the country 这个城市里四分之三的人口来自全国其他地方。
◆考点突破
1 （２０１6，石家庄）---______is the population of the USA?
---296 million
A What B. How many C. How much D. Which
◆考点2 include v.
eg : The tour included a visit to the Science Museum .
这次浏览包括参观科学博物馆。
考向：辨析include,including , included
include
动词，“包括
The price for the hotel includes breakfast旅馆的价格是包括早餐的。
including
Include的现在分词/动名词；介词，“包括...在内
There are 40 students in the classroom , including me . 有40名学生在教室里，包括我在内。
included
也有介词用法。including +宾语=宾语+included
There are 40 students in the classroom , me included . 有40名学生在教室里， 包括我在内。
◆考点突破
（2016，江苏盐城）Many cities in China , _____ Beijing , have been deeply affected by dirty air . 【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
The tour _____(include) a visit to the old castle . 21*cnjy*com
◆考点3 remaining adj.
考向1：辨析remaining , left
remaining
是形容词，意为“剩余的”，常作前置定语。
left
是leave 的过去分词形式，表“剩余”的意思时，常作后置定语。
eg : He bought me a book with the remaining money =He bought me a book with the money left . 他用剩下的钱给我买了一本书。
考向2：remain作系动词，同stay “保持（某种状态）”，其后接形容词。
eg : The door remains closed .门依然关着。
Many questions about the crime remain unanswered 这桩罪行涉及的许多问题仍然没有答案。2-1-c-n-j-y
考点4 hurry v.&n.
考向1： 名词词性，“匆忙，急忙”；动词词性，“催促，匆忙，赶快”
过去式：hurried 过去分词 hurried 现在分词：hurrying 第三人称单数：hurries
考向2 ：hurry 有三种用法，作及物动词、不及物动词和名词。
及物动词
hurry sb into doing sth催促某人做某事
The salesman hurried the customer into making a choice 售货员催促顾客作出选择。
不及物动词
hurry to do sht 急忙做某事
I hurried to go to school after a quick breakfast yesterday morning . 昨天早上快速吃完早餐后，我急忙赶去上学。
名词
in a hurry 匆忙，急忙
You will make mistakes if you do things in a hurry . 如果你匆匆忙忙地做事，那你就要出差错。
考向3：hurry 的常见词组
hurry up 赶快 hurry off /away 匆匆离去
◆考点突破
4._______(赶快）! The train leaving . You know it leaves at 8:30 am.
考点5 towards prep.
eg : The house faces towards the north 这所房子朝北。
考向：辨析for,to ,towards
for
常用leave,start后，表示运动的方向或目的地。
They’ll leave for Xi’an to travel . 他们要去西安旅游。
to
在go,come ,return ,move等词后，表示目的地。
When will you come to school?你将什么时候来学校?
towards
意为“朝；向”，只说明方向，无“到达”之意
She was walking towards the town . 她正往镇上走去。
◆考点突破
5 （2016，湖北） In a basketball match,players move ______(朝向）one end of the court while throwing the ball to each other .
考点6 abroad adv.
eg:Many students choose to study abroad after high school .
许多学生选择高中毕业后出国留学。
aboard
prep.&adv
上（船、飞机、公共汽车、火车等);在（船、飞机、火车、公共汽车等）上
We went aboard .
我们上了船（飞机、火车等）
abroad adv.
出国；在国外；到国外
at home and abroad (在）国内外
board
vt. &vi.
上船/飞机/火车/公共汽车等；供膳宿
Please board the plane immediately请立刻上飞机。
◆考点突破
6 . Zhang Yimou is not in China . He has gone ______21cnjy.com
A in B. back C abroad D. around
（2017，湖北）他在二十多岁时出国了。
He went _______ in his ________.
考点7 success n.
eg: We all believed that hard-working was the key to success .
我们都相信勤奋是成功的关键。
考向：success的几种变形
success n.
成功，成就，胜利
have success in doing sth 在做某事方面取得成功
If you work hard , you will make a great success one day.如果你努力地工作，总有一天你会取得很的的成就。
succeed v.成功，接替
succeed in doing sth 成功地做某事
He succeeds in climbing Qomolangma 他成功攀登珠穆玛玛峰。
successful adj.成功的， 有成就的
be successful in doing sth
He is successful in his career 他在事业上很成功。
successfully adv.成功地
He did the work successfully 他成功地完成了工作。
◆考点突破
8 （2017，山东东营）Overseas experience may help make our life _____. So why not try to study abroad?21·cn·jy·com
9 （2017，湖北荆州）---What do you think of that clever boy?
---He is a very _______(succeed) student , because he is interested in study. 21世纪教育网版权所有
考点8 belong v.
eg : I used to belong to a youth club 我曾是一个青年俱乐部的成员。
考向：“belong”用法
表示“属于”，通常与介词“to” 连用，可引申指“是.....的成员”
This house belongs to my grandfather 这房子是我祖你的。
表示应在某处，其后面可根据情况选用不同的介词（如in, on, under等）或副词
This chair belongs in the living room这把椅子应该放在起居室里。
◆考点突破
山东潍坊）Diaoyu Islands ______ China ever since ancient times . 21教育网
A belong to B. belong in C. belong under D. belong with
◆形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
概说
英语中的形容词和副词有三个等级，即原级、比较级和最高级。比较级主要用于两者比较，最高级主要用于三者或三者以上进行比较。
比较等级的构成
通过加后缀-er和-est构成。
①单音节和部分双音节词通过加后缀-er和-est构成比较级和最高级：tall-taller -tallest fast -taster -fastest 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
②若原级以字母e结尾，则只加-r和-st ：fine-finer-finest
③若原级以“辅音字母+y”结尾，则应将y改为i,再加-er和-est构成比较级和最高级：
dry-drier-driest
④若原级以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，则双写这个辅音母后-er和-est构成比较级和最高级：big-bigger-biggest
2 通过在其前加more 和most 构成。
多音节和部分双音节词通过在其前加more和most构成比较级和最高级：difficult-more difficult -most difficult 21·世纪*教育网
popular-more popular -most popular
形容词与副词比较级的不规则变化
常见的不规则形容词和副词的等级变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good better best
bad worse worst
ill worse worst
many more most
far farther/furthest farthest/furthest
old older/elder oldest/eldest
well better best
badly worse worst
much more most
little less least
使用比较等级应注意几点：
使用比较乖等级的基本原则：不作比较用原级，两者比较用比较级，多者比较用最高级。
He is very tall .他很高。 （尽管“很高”，但没有比较，故用原级）
He very short ,but taller than ,e 他很矮，但比我高。
Among the three girls , Mary is the tallest 在这三个女孩中，玛丽是最高的。 www.21-cn-jy.com
在形容词最高级前通常用the ，在副词最高级前可用the ，也可省略。
This is the best room in the hotel .这是这个宾语里最好的房间。
Among them , he studies (the ) hardest 在他们当中，他学习最刻苦。
比较级前用的修饰语有far , even , a lot , a bit , much 等。
Japanese is much more difficult than English 日语比英语难多了。
◆考点突破
1（2017?江苏淮安）---Of all the subjects , English is _____ for me .
A interesting B. more interesting C. the most interesting D. much more interesting www-2-1-cnjy-com
2 （2015，山东日照）I didn’t buy the second-hand book because the seller wanted ______ money than I had expected 【出处：21教育名师】
A less B. least C. most D. more
◆现在完成时
现在完成时的定义：
表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
--It’s so dark 太黑了。
---Someone has turned off the light 有人把灯关上了。
（有人把灯关了，对现在造成的结果是：现在很黑）
表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。常与since+过去的时间点，for+一段时间，so far等时间状语连用。
I have lived here for ten years 我已经住在这儿10年了。（从10年前开始，持续到现在还住这儿）
I have lived here sine 2013.自从2013年我就住这儿。（从2013年开始，持续到现在还住这儿）
2 现在完成时的构成及句式转换：
助动词have/has+过去分词
①I have finished my homework(肯定句）
②I have not finished my homework (否定句）
③ ---Have you finished you homework ?
---Yes , I have ./No , I haven’t (一般疑问句及肯定、否定回答）
3 动词过去分词的变化规则：
①一般情况加-ed ②以-e结尾的，加-d ③以辅音字母加y 结尾的，变y为i 加-ed; ④重读闭音节单词，双与辅音字母加-ed
规则变化：finish-finished -finished live-lived-lived carry-carried -carried stop-stopped-stopped
不规则动词:go-went -gone see-saw -seen forget-forgot -forgotten
4 现在完成时的标志词：
常与just,already,yet, ever,never, before, so for等连用，强调动作的完成，不强调动作的持续。
Have you ever been to Japan?你曾经去过日本吗？
I have just finished my homework我刚刚完成我的家庭作业。
for+时间段；since+过去的时间点； since+段时间ago; since+一般过去时的句子。
They have known each other for five years 他们已经相互认识五年了。
Since he was a child , he has lived in England . 自从他是个孩子，就一直住在英国。
5 already与yet 用法集锦：
already意为“已经”
①通常用于完成时的肯定句中，放在助动词have/has 后，过去分词前或句尾。
I have already read the book .我已经读过这本书。
Some visitors have come already 一些浏览者已经来了。
②也可用于疑问句，表示期望得到肯定的回答、惊异或明知故问等感彩，already常放在句末。
Has the little boy already got home alone ?这个小男孩已经独自到家了？（惊讶）【版权所有：21教育】
③在陈述客观事实的情况下，already也可用于一般现在时或一般过去时。
He is already a middle school student.他已经是一名中学生了。
yet的用法：
①yet用于完成的疑问句中，意为“已经”，用来询问说话人期望发生的事情是否已经发生。通常放于句末。
Have you found your ruler yet ?你已经找到我的尺子。
John, have you finished that report yet ?约翰，你把那个报告已经写出来了吗？
②yet也可用天完成时的否定句中，意为“还”，表示说话人期望发生的事情尚未发生。通常放于句末。
I haven’t found my ruler yet 我还没找到我的尺子。
John hasn’t finished that report yet and I asked him for it three days ago 约翰还没有写完报告，我三天前就问他要了。
③yet还可用作连词，意为“然而”，通常位天并列句的后一个分句的句首。
Though she was very tired , yet she didn’t want to give up 虽然她很累，然而她不想放弃。
（4 ）already 与yet 的转换：
在现在完成时的句子中，含有already的陈述句变为否定句或疑问句时，要把already改为yet , 并放于句末。
I have already finished reading the book . 我已经读完这本书。
→I haven’t finished reading the book yet. 我还没有读完这本书。
The children have already come back home 孩子们已经回到家里。
→Have you children come back home yet ?孩子们已经回到家里了吗？（一般疑问句）
◆考点突破
3 （2016，广西玉林）---Dave,we will leave in 10 minutes . Are you ready ?
---No, I _____ our guide book and towels yet .
A don’t pack B. didn’t pack C. have packed D. haven’ t packed
选择题
---How long is the new bridge? Do you know ?
---Yes. It’s about _____
A one thousand one hundred and eighty meters
One thousand and one hundred fifty meters
two thousands one hundred forty meters
two thousands seventy and three meters
2 Li Lei______ more slowly than the other boys in the sports meeting .
A so B.too C. very D. much
3 Cathy did quite ____ in the English competition , and I did even _____.
A better ; well B. well ; well C. well ; better D. better ; better
Which would you like _____ , basketball or football ?
A good B. better C. best D. well
Bob jumps farther than ______ in his class.
A any other boys B. the other boys C. any boy D. another boy
6 ____ is the population of the city ?
A What B. How much C. How many D. How big
7 The _____ book has so many pages . I can’t finish reading it in a few days .
A wide B deep C. thick D. difficult
Work hard and I am sure you can succeed _____ the report by six clock .
A finish B. to finish C. finishing D. to finishing
9 ---Do his pets ______ the cat ?
--- Yes. He has three pet cats ______ this one .
A include ; include B. include; including
C including ; including D. including ; include
10 For most people , it’s very difficult to _____ air on the top of Qomolangma.
A take out B. take off C. take up D. take in
11 ---Do you know the _____ of the stone ?
---Yes . It _____ about 200 kilos .
A weight ; weighs B. weights ; weighs C. weigh; weighs D. weigh; weights
12 The fans shouted with _____ when they saw the famous singer .
A exciting B. excited C excite D. excitement
13 I think the best way to _____ us against illness is to exercise more .
A protect B. stop C. take D. have
14 The Great Wall is one of ____ man-made objects in the world .
A famous B. more famous C. the most famous D. the famous
15 He used his _____ money to buy a book .
A remain B. remained C. remains D. remaining
16 Ben is a foreign teacher . So far , he ____ in Shiyan for five years .
A was teaching B. has taught C. will teach D. taught
17 Mr Wang isn’t here . I think he _____ Guiyang .
A has gone to B has been to C goes D went
18 ---Have you ever been to Zhangjiajie?
---Yes, I _______.
A do B. have C. was D. did
19 ---Have you ever been to Shanghai?
--- Yes . I ______ there with my father last year .
A went B. have been C have gone D. has been
20 ---Would you like to watch the 3D film Titanic with me ?
--- Certainly . I don’t mind seeing it again although I ____ it twice .
A saw B. was seen C. have seen D. had seen
21 ---Where is your father ?
--- He _____ Australia and he _____ Sydney for two weeks .
A has been to ; has been in B. has gone to ; has been in
C has been in ; has been to D has gone to ; has been to
22 ---I’ve just got a new MP4.
---Where ______ you _____ it ?
--- In a shopping mall near here .
A have ; bought B. did ; buy C. are ; bought D. were ; getting
23 ---Will you go and see the movie Net Mother with me ?
--- Thank you . But I _____ it already .
A saw B. have seen C. see D. will see
24 I began watching here an hour ago , but now nothing _____ yet .
A happens B. will happen C. happened D. has happened
It’s sometimes hard to tel one twin from ______
A another B. some other C. other D. the other 2·1·c·n·j·y
26 ---Look! A book is on the floor . Whose is it ?
---It _____ be Rick’s . It has his name on it .
A mustn’t B. can’t C must D. need
27 ---Hello, may I speak to Mr. Smith ?
---Sorry , he isn’t in. He _____ the office .
A has been to B. has gone to C. has been away D has left
28 ---A number of volunteers ____ willing to teach in China’s rural areas .
--- Yes , the number _____ getting bigger and bigger .
A is ; is B. are ; is C. is ; are D. are ; are
29 Her son _____ coke , but now he _____ milk .
A used to drink ; is used to drinking B. used to drinking ; drinks
C is used to drinking ; used to drink D. is used to drink ; is drinking
30 He took up my cellphone and made a long distance call as if the phone ____ him . 21*cnjy*com
A belonged to B. was belonging to C. was belonged to D. had been belonged to
第十四讲 八年级下 7--8
tour (v.)→tourist (n.) 观光者
achieve (v.) → achievement (n.) 成就
protect (v. ) →protection(n.) 保护
beautiful (adj.)→beauty (n.) 美，美人
French (adj.&n.) →France (n.) 法国
laugh( v. ) →laughter (n.) 笑声
introduce(v.) →introduction(n.) 介绍
freeze(v.) →freezing (adj.)极冷的
excite(v.)→excitement(n.)兴奋→exciting (adj.)令人兴奋的→excited (adj.)感到兴奋的
Asia (n.) →Asian (adj.)亚洲的，亚洲人的
thick (adj.) → thin (反义词) 薄的
include (v.) → including (prep.)包含，包括
weigh(v.)→ weight(n.) 重量
south(n.) →southern (adj.）南方的
wake(v.) →awake （adj.） 醒着的
ill (adj.)→illness (n.)疾病
success(n.)→succeed(v.)成功→successful(adj.)成功的→successfully(adv.)成功地
fill(v.)→full(adj.)充满的
就我所知 as far as I know
吸入；吞入（体内） take in
面对（问题、困难等）in the face of
即使；虽然 even though /if
太平洋the Pacific Ocean
国内外 home and abroad
到达（某数量、程度等）;至多有；不多于 up to
走路时撞着 walk into
绊倒 fall over
大约 or so
赶快；急忙（做某事) hurry up
科幻小说（或影片等）science fiction
乡村音乐 country music
实现某人的梦想achieve/realize one’s dream
互相 one another /each other
属于 belong to
◆考点 1 population
考向1 ：提问人品数量的句型是:What’s population of ...?
eg: What’s the population of the world now ?现在世界人口有多少？
考向2 ：形容人口多少用big,large和small
eg: The city has a big /large /small population 这个城市人口多/少。
考向3：population 作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式与population 的词义一致，即表达一个整体概念时为单数，表示具体人数时为复数。
eg : The population of Nigeria is nearly 100 million （强调整体性）尼日利亚的人口近1亿。 2-1-c-n-j-y
Three quarters of the population in the city are from other parts of the country 这个城市里四分之三的人口来自全国其他地方。
◆考点突破
1 （２０１6，石家庄）---______is the population of the USA?
---296 million
A What B. How many C. How much D. Which
[答案] A
[解析]：考查固定搭配，用population 问人口多少，不用how many 或how much , 而用what .
◆考点2 include v.
eg : The tour included a visit to the Science Museum .
这次浏览包括参观科学博物馆。
考向：辨析include,including , included
include
动词，“包括
The price for the hotel includes breakfast旅馆的价格是包括早餐的。
including
Include的现在分词/动名词；介词，“包括...在内
There are 40 students in the classroom , including me . 有40名学生在教室里，包括我在内。
included
也有介词用法。including +宾语=宾语+included
There are 40 students in the classroom , me included . 有40名学生在教室里， 包括我在内。
◆考点突破
（2016，江苏盐城）Many cities in China , _____ Beijing , have been deeply affected by dirty air . 21*cnjy*com
[答案] A
[解析] including 作介词表示“包括”
The tour _____(include) a visit to the old castle . 【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
[答案] includes
◆考点3 remaining adj.
考向1：辨析remaining , left
remaining
是形容词，意为“剩余的”，常作前置定语。
left
是leave 的过去分词形式，表“剩余”的意思时，常作后置定语。
eg : He bought me a book with the remaining money =He bought me a book with the money left . 他用剩下的钱给我买了一本书。
考向2：remain作系动词，同stay “保持（某种状态）”，其后接形容词。
eg : The door remains closed .门依然关着。
Many questions about the crime remain unanswered 这桩罪行涉及的许多问题仍然没有答案。【版权所有：21教育】
考点4 hurry v.&n.
考向1： 名词词性，“匆忙，急忙”；动词词性，“催促，匆忙，赶快”
过去式：hurried 过去分词 hurried 现在分词：hurrying 第三人称单数：hurries 21·cn·jy·com
考向2 ：hurry 有三种用法，作及物动词、不及物动词和名词。
及物动词
hurry sb into doing sth催促某人做某事
The salesman hurried the customer into making a choice 售货员催促顾客作出选择。
不及物动词
hurry to do sht 急忙做某事
I hurried to go to school after a quick breakfast yesterday morning . 昨天早上快速吃完早餐后，我急忙赶去上学。
名词
in a hurry 匆忙，急忙
You will make mistakes if you do things in a hurry . 如果你匆匆忙忙地做事，那你就要出差错。
考向3：hurry 的常见词组
hurry up 赶快 hurry off /away 匆匆离去
◆考点突破
4._______(赶快）! The train leaving . You know it leaves at 8:30 am.
[答案] Hurry up
考点5 towards prep.
eg : The house faces towards the north 这所房子朝北。
考向：辨析for,to ,towards
for
常用leave,start后，表示运动的方向或目的地。
They’ll leave for Xi’an to travel . 他们要去西安旅游。
to
在go,come ,return ,move等词后，表示目的地。
When will you come to school?你将什么时候来学校?
towards
意为“朝；向”，只说明方向，无“到达”之意
She was walking towards the town . 她正往镇上走去。
◆考点突破
5 （2016，湖北） In a basketball match,players move ______(朝向）one end of the court while throwing the ball to each other .
[答案]towards
[解析]考查towards的用法，说明运动方向，无“到达”之意。
考点6 abroad adv.
eg:Many students choose to study abroad after high school .
许多学生选择高中毕业后出国留学。
aboard
prep.&adv
上（船、飞机、公共汽车、火车等);在（船、飞机、火车、公共汽车等）上
We went aboard .
我们上了船（飞机、火车等）
abroad adv.
出国；在国外；到国外
at home and abroad (在）国内外
board
vt. &vi.
上船/飞机/火车/公共汽车等；供膳宿
Please board the plane immediately请立刻上飞机。
◆考点突破
6 . Zhang Yimou is not in China . He has gone ______21世纪教育网版权所有
A in B. back C abroad D. around
[答案] C
[解析] 采用正确把握语境法。 句意：张艺谋没在中国，他已经去国外了。 go in 进去；go back 回去；go abroad 出国；go around 四处走走 . 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
（2017，湖北）他在二十多岁时出国了。
He went _______ in his ________.
[答案] abroad; twenties
[解析]go abroad 出国；in one’s twenties 在某要二十多岁时。
考点7 success n.
eg: We all believed that hard-working was the key to success .
我们都相信勤奋是成功的关键。
考向：success的几种变形
success n.
成功，成就，胜利
have success in doing sth 在做某事方面取得成功
If you work hard , you will make a great success one day.如果你努力地工作，总有一天你会取得很的的成就。
succeed v.成功，接替
succeed in doing sth 成功地做某事
He succeeds in climbing Qomolangma 他成功攀登珠穆玛玛峰。
successful adj.成功的， 有成就的
be successful in doing sth
He is successful in his career 他在事业上很成功。
successfully adv.成功地
He did the work successfully 他成功地完成了工作。
◆考点突破
8 （2017，山东东营）Overseas experience may help make our life _____. So why not try to study abroad?21*cnjy*com
[答案] C
[解析] 此题采用结合语境法。句意：海外的经历可以帮助我们的生活过得很成功。所以为什么不尽力去国外学习？
9 （2017，湖北荆州）---What do you think of that clever boy?
---He is a very _______(succeed) student , because he is interested in study.
[答案] successful
[解析] 形容词修饰名词作定语。
考点8 belong v.
eg : I used to belong to a youth club 我曾是一个青年俱乐部的成员。
考向：“belong”用法
表示“属于”，通常与介词“to” 连用，可引申指“是.....的成员”
This house belongs to my grandfather 这房子是我祖你的。
表示应在某处，其后面可根据情况选用不同的介词（如in, on, under等）或副词
This chair belongs in the living room这把椅子应该放在起居室里。
◆考点突破
山东潍坊）Diaoyu Islands ______ China ever since ancient times . 21教育网
A belong to B. belong in C. belong under D. belong with
[答案] A
[解析] 考查固定结构。“属于”是belong to .
◆形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
概说
英语中的形容词和副词有三个等级，即原级、比较级和最高级。比较级主要用于两者比较，最高级主要用于三者或三者以上进行比较。
比较等级的构成
通过加后缀-er和-est构成。
①单音节和部分双音节词通过加后缀-er和-est构成比较级和最高级：tall-taller -tallest fast -taster -fastest 【出处：21教育名师】
②若原级以字母e结尾，则只加-r和-st ：fine-finer-finest
③若原级以“辅音字母+y”结尾，则应将y改为i,再加-er和-est构成比较级和最高级：
dry-drier-driest
④若原级以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，则双写这个辅音母后-er和-est构成比较级和最高级：big-bigger-biggest
2 通过在其前加more 和most 构成。
多音节和部分双音节词通过在其前加more和most构成比较级和最高级：difficult-more difficult -most difficult
popular-more popular -most popular
形容词与副词比较级的不规则变化
常见的不规则形容词和副词的等级变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good better best
bad worse worst
ill worse worst
many more most
far farther/furthest farthest/furthest
old older/elder oldest/eldest
well better best
badly worse worst
much more most
little less least
使用比较等级应注意几点：
使用比较乖等级的基本原则：不作比较用原级，两者比较用比较级，多者比较用最高级。
He is very tall .他很高。 （尽管“很高”，但没有比较，故用原级）
He very short ,but taller than ,e 他很矮，但比我高。
Among the three girls , Mary is the tallest 在这三个女孩中，玛丽是最高的。 www.21-cn-jy.com
在形容词最高级前通常用the ，在副词最高级前可用the ，也可省略。
This is the best room in the hotel .这是这个宾语里最好的房间。
Among them , he studies (the ) hardest 在他们当中，他学习最刻苦。
比较级前用的修饰语有far , even , a lot , a bit , much 等。
Japanese is much more difficult than English 日语比英语难多了。
◆考点突破
1（2017?江苏淮安）---Of all the subjects , English is _____ for me .
A interesting B. more interesting C. the most interesting D. much more interesting 2·1·c·n·j·y
【答案】C
【解析】由句中的of all the subjects “在所有科目中”知，用形容词的最高级，故选C21教育名师原创作品
2 （2015，山东日照）I didn’t buy the second-hand book because the seller wanted ______ money than I had expected
A less B. least C. most D. more
【答案】D
【解析】由句子后面的than 可知前面要有比较级，而选项中B、C两项是最高级，故选D。
◆现在完成时
现在完成时的定义：
表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
--It’s so dark 太黑了。
---Someone has turned off the light 有人把灯关上了。
（有人把灯关了，对现在造成的结果是：现在很黑）
表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。常与since+过去的时间点，for+一段时间，so far等时间状语连用。
I have lived here for ten years 我已经住在这儿10年了。（从10年前开始，持续到现在还住这儿）21cnjy.com
I have lived here sine 2013.自从2013年我就住这儿。（从2013年开始，持续到现在还住这儿）
2 现在完成时的构成及句式转换：
助动词have/has+过去分词
①I have finished my homework(肯定句）
②I have not finished my homework (否定句）
③ ---Have you finished you homework ?
---Yes , I have ./No , I haven’t (一般疑问句及肯定、否定回答）
3 动词过去分词的变化规则：
①一般情况加-ed ②以-e结尾的，加-d ③以辅音字母加y 结尾的，变y为i 加-ed; ④重读闭音节单词，双与辅音字母加-ed
规则变化：finish-finished -finished live-lived-lived carry-carried -carried stop-stopped-stopped
不规则动词:go-went -gone see-saw -seen forget-forgot -forgotten
4 现在完成时的标志词：
常与just,already,yet, ever,never, before, so for等连用，强调动作的完成，不强调动作的持续。
Have you ever been to Japan?你曾经去过日本吗？
I have just finished my homework我刚刚完成我的家庭作业。
for+时间段；since+过去的时间点； since+段时间ago; since+一般过去时的句子。
They have known each other for five years 他们已经相互认识五年了。
Since he was a child , he has lived in England . 自从他是个孩子，就一直住在英国。
5 already与yet 用法集锦：
already意为“已经”
①通常用于完成时的肯定句中，放在助动词have/has 后，过去分词前或句尾。
I have already read the book .我已经读过这本书。
Some visitors have come already 一些浏览者已经来了。
②也可用于疑问句，表示期望得到肯定的回答、惊异或明知故问等感彩，already常放在句末。
Has the little boy already got home alone ?这个小男孩已经独自到家了？（惊讶）
③在陈述客观事实的情况下，already也可用于一般现在时或一般过去时。
He is already a middle school student.他已经是一名中学生了。
yet的用法：
①yet用于完成的疑问句中，意为“已经”，用来询问说话人期望发生的事情是否已经发生。通常放于句末。
Have you found your ruler yet ?你已经找到我的尺子。
John, have you finished that report yet ?约翰，你把那个报告已经写出来了吗？
②yet也可用天完成时的否定句中，意为“还”，表示说话人期望发生的事情尚未发生。通常放于句末。
I haven’t found my ruler yet 我还没找到我的尺子。
John hasn’t finished that report yet and I asked him for it three days ago 约翰还没有写完报告，我三天前就问他要了。
③yet还可用作连词，意为“然而”，通常位天并列句的后一个分句的句首。
Though she was very tired , yet she didn’t want to give up 虽然她很累，然而她不想放弃。
（4 ）already 与yet 的转换：
在现在完成时的句子中，含有already的陈述句变为否定句或疑问句时，要把already改为yet , 并放于句末。
I have already finished reading the book . 我已经读完这本书。
→I haven’t finished reading the book yet. 我还没有读完这本书。
The children have already come back home 孩子们已经回到家里。
→Have you children come back home yet ?孩子们已经回到家里了吗？（一般疑问句）
◆考点突破
3 （2016，广西玉林）---Dave,we will leave in 10 minutes . Are you ready ?
---No, I _____ our guide book and towels yet .
A don’t pack B. didn’t pack C. have packed D. haven’ t packed
【答案】D
【解析】根据No 可知，还没有准备好，排除C项；根据句意“大卫，我们将在10分钟后出发。你准备好了吗？”“没有，我还....我们的旅游指南和毛巾。”可知从过去到现在还没准备好，是对现在的一种影响，且有完成时的标志词yet,由此可知用现在完成时。
选择题
---How long is the new bridge? Do you know ?
---Yes. It’s about _____
A one thousand one hundred and eighty meters
One thousand and one hundred fifty meters
two thousands one hundred forty meters
two thousands seventy and three meters
【答案】A
【解析】在表示具体的“几百”“几千”时，hundred ,thousand 后不加s,排除C, D两项；在拼读数字时，“千”与“百”之间不加and .
2 Li Lei______ more slowly than the other boys in the sports meeting .
A so B.too C. very D. much
【答案】D
【解析】much可修饰形容词或副词的比较级，故选D
3 Cathy did quite ____ in the English competition , and I did even _____.
A better ; well B. well ; well C. well ; better D. better ; better
【答案】C
【解析】题目的前半部分没有比较对象，所以用原级；后半部分把“我”与Cathy 相比较，所以用比较级。
Which would you like _____ , basketball or football ?
A good B. better C. best D. well
【答案】B
【解析】根据比较对象basketball or football 可知是两者之间比较，所以用比较级
Bob jumps farther than ______ in his class.
A any other boys B. the other boys C. any boy D. another boy
【答案】B
【解析】由in his class 可知是同一范围的比较，所以应当用any other +单数名词或the other +复数名词。句意：鲍勃跳得比他班里的其他男生都远。
6 ____ is the population of the city ?
A What B. How much C. How many D. How big
【答案】A
【解析】询问“有多少人口”用What’s the population of ....
7 The _____ book has so many pages . I can’t finish reading it in a few days .
A wide B deep C. thick D. difficult
【答案】C
【解析】wide “宽的”；deep “深的”；thick “厚的”；difficult “困难的”由has so many pages 可知这本书很厚。
Work hard and I am sure you can succeed _____ the report by six clock .
A finish B. to finish C. finishing D. to finishing
【答案】C
【解析】succeed (in)doing sth “成功做某事”。
9 ---Do his pets ______ the cat ?
--- Yes. He has three pet cats ______ this one .
A include ; include B. include; including
C including ; including D. including ; include
【答案】B
【解析】在问句中，缺少谓语动词，排除C,D两项；在答语中，应用介词including，与其后的代词一起构成介词短语。
10 For most people , it’s very difficult to _____ air on the top of Qomolangma. www-2-1-cnjy-com
A take out B. take off C. take up D. take in
【答案】D
【解析】take out “取出”；take off “起飞，脱掉”；take up “占据”；take in “吸入”。句意：对大多数来说，在珠穆朗玛峰顶上呼吸是困难的。
11 ---Do you know the _____ of the stone ?
---Yes . It _____ about 200 kilos .
A weight ; weighs B. weights ; weighs C. weigh; weighs D. weigh; weights
【答案】A
【解析】weight是名词，意为“重量”；weigh是动词，意为“重...”。句意：你知道这块石头有多重吗？是的，它重200千克。
12 The fans shouted with _____ when they saw the famous singer .
A exciting B. excited C excite D. excitement
【答案】D
【解析】with是介词，后面跟名词构成介宾结构。句意：当他们看到这个著名的歌手时，粉丝们兴奋地呼喊起来。
13 I think the best way to _____ us against illness is to exercise more .
A protect B. stop C. take D. have
【答案】A
【解析】protect..against...保护...不受...。句意：我认为预防疾病的最好方式就是锤炼。
14 The Great Wall is one of ____ man-made objects in the world .
A famous B. more famous C. the most famous D. the famous
【答案】C
【解析】one of +形容词最高级+可数名词复数，表示“最....之一“。
15 He used his _____ money to buy a book .
A remain B. remained C. remains D. remaining
【答案】D
【解析】remain为动词，意为“剩下，余留”，remaining 为形容词，意为“剩下的”空格后有名词money,故此处应用形容词作定语。句意：他用剩下的钱买了一本书。
16 Ben is a foreign teacher . So far , he ____ in Shiyan for five years .
A was teaching B. has taught C. will teach D. taught
【答案】B
【解析】时间状语so far（到目前为止）为现在完成时的标志词，并结合句意“本是一名外教。到目前为止，他已经在郾教了五年了”可知应选 B
17 Mr Wang isn’t here . I think he _____ Guiyang .
A has gone to B has been to C goes D went
【答案】A
【解析】由“王老师不在这儿”可推知“我认为他去了贵阳”。have been to 指“去过某地”；have gone to 指“去了某地”。
18 ---Have you ever been to Zhangjiajie?
---Yes, I _______.
A do B. have C. was D. did
【答案】B
【解析】上句为现在完成时的一般疑问句，进行肯定和否定回答时，要借助助动词have或has ,如：Yes, sb has/have ; No, sb hasn’t /haven’t . 故选B
19 ---Have you ever been to Shanghai?
--- Yes . I ______ there with my father last year .
A went B. have been C have gone D. has been
【答案】A
【解析】句意：“你去过上海吗？” “是的。去年我和我爸爸去那儿了。”上句虽为现在完成时，但答语中的时间状语为last year,由此判断句子要用一般过去时。故选A。
20 ---Would you like to watch the 3D film Titanic with me ?
--- Certainly . I don’t mind seeing it again although I ____ it twice .
A saw B. was seen C. have seen D. had seen
【答案】C
【解析】句意：“你想和我一起看3D版的电影《泰坦尼克号》吗？” “当然。尽管我已经看过两次，但我不介意再看一遍。”根据现在完成时的定义“过去发生的事，对现在造成的影响或结果”，这部电影我以前看过，且结果是“看过两次”，所以用现在完成时，故选C
21 ---Where is your father ?
--- He _____ Australia and he _____ Sydney for two weeks .
A has been to ; has been in B. has gone to ; has been in
C has been in ; has been to D has gone to ; has been to
【答案】B
【解析】has been to ... “去过某地(且已经回来）” have gone to ... “去了某地（且没有回来）；has been in ... “待在某在”。根据问句 “你爸爸在哪儿？”推知答语意为 “他去了澳大利亚（且没回来）并且在悉尼待了两周了”，故选B。 21·世纪*教育网
22 ---I’ve just got a new MP4.
---Where ______ you _____ it ?
--- In a shopping mall near here .
A have ; bought B. did ; buy C. are ; bought D. were ; getting
【答案】B
【解析】结合句意“我刚刚买了一个新的MP4”“你在什么地方买的？”可推知，买MP4这个动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时，故选B。
23 ---Will you go and see the movie Net Mother with me ?
--- Thank you . But I _____ it already .
A saw B. have seen C. see D. will see
【答案】B
【解析】already用于现在完成时的肯定句的句中或句末，因此此句用现在完成时态，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。故选 B.
24 I began watching here an hour ago , but now nothing _____ yet .
A happens B. will happen C. happened D. has happened
【答案】D
【解析】yet用于现在完成时的否定句的句末，所以此句用现在完成时态。句意：一小时前我就开始关注这儿，但到现在仍然没有事情发生。故选D。
It’s sometimes hard to tel one twin from ______
A another B. some other C. other D. the other
【答案】D
【解析】twin意为 “孪生子女之一双胞胎之一”，即指两者之一，因此用one...the other .... , “一个....另一个....”这一结构，故选D。
26 ---Look! A book is on the floor . Whose is it ?
---It _____ be Rick’s . It has his name on it .
A mustn’t B. can’t C must D. need
【答案】C
【解析】mustn’t “禁止；不要”；can’t “不可能”；must “一定”；need “必要”。由下文句意“在上面有他的名字”可知，“这本书一定是里克的”。故选C。
27 ---Hello, may I speak to Mr. Smith ?
---Sorry , he isn’t in. He _____ the office .
A has been to B. has gone to C. has been away D has left
【答案】B
【解析】has been to “去过某地（现在已经回来）”；has gone to “去了某地（现在还没回来）”。由答语中“Sorry,he isn’t in .”可知“史密斯先生不在”，可推理“他去了办公室，还没有回来，故选B。
28 ---A number of volunteers ____ willing to teach in China’s rural areas .
--- Yes , the number _____ getting bigger and bigger .
A is ; is B. are ; is C. is ; are D. are ; are
【答案】B
【解析】a number of ...意为“许多...”, 作主语时谓语动词用复数；the number of ...意为 “....数量”，作主语时谓语动词用单数，故选B。
29 Her son _____ coke , but now he _____ milk .
A used to drink ; is used to drinking B. used to drinking ; drinks
C is used to drinking ; used to drink D. is used to drink ; is drinking
【答案】A
【解析】used to do sth 意为“过去常常做某事”；be used to doing sth 意为“习惯于做某事”。句意：她儿子过去常常喝可乐，但现在习惯喝牛奶。故选A。
30 He took up my cellphone and made a long distance call as if the phone ____ him .
A belonged to B. was belonging to C. was belonged to D. had been belonged to
【答案】A
【解析】belong to 不用于进行时，排除B项；belong to 不用于被动语态，排除C，D两项。句意：他拿起来的手机，打了一个长途电话，好像电话属于他。
