【备考2018】英语3年中考2年模拟专题复习学案第十四讲 句子成分及其句子种类 解析卷
从历年中考试题的情况来看，句子成分及其句子种类相关题目的考查，占相当的比重。因为句子成分及其句子种类的变化多，而且是句子的核心部分，所以在进行单项或知识点复习时，务必把句子成分及其句子种类相关的部分作为复习的重点。首先是句子成分，不但要把常见的基本概念搞清楚，而且有必要做大量的相应练习。这样才能在实 际应用中少出错或不出错。【出处：21教育名师】
句子的基本结构
思维导图记知识点
一）句子的基本成分
句子的基本成分有以下几种：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语、同位语。
1、主语：句子的主体，全句述说的对象。一般由名词、代词、不定式、动名词或从句担当，位于句首。
The boy needs a pen. Smoking is bad for you = To smoke is bad for you
2、谓语：说明主语的动作或状态。由动词或系动词加表语担任，常置于主语后。
The train leaves at 6 o’clock. She is reading.
3、宾语：表示动作的对象。一般由名词或代词担当，常置于谓语后。
He won the game. He likes playing computer.2-1-c-n-j-y
表语：用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。一般由名词或形容词担任，置于系动词或be动词之后。He is a student. We are tired.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
注意：除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，
1)表感官的动词: feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。
2)表转变变化的动词: become, get, grow, turn, go等。
3)表延续的动词: remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。
5、定语：对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子。
The black bike is mine.（形容词）The boy in blue is Jim.（介词短语）I have nothing to do today.（动词不定式）
注意：
1) 当定语修饰不定代词如：nothing , anything , everything , something等时，定语要放在其后作后置定语。
例如： I tell him something interesting.
2) 不定式、短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。
例如：The boys who are in the room are playing games.
6）状语：用以修饰adj. /v. /adv.及全句，位置灵活。
1）修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；I am very sorry.
2）表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首。
In order to cheer him up, I told him the truth.
3）一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。We often help him. He is always late for class.
7）补语：补充说明宾语的情况。由n./adj./介宾/分词/不定式等担任。常位于宾语后。
He made me sad.（形容词）She asks me to take an umbrella.（不定式）
The war made him a soldier.（名词）I find him at home.（介词短语）
I saw a cat running along the wall.（分词）
8）同位语：同位语是句子成分的一种, 它位于名词、代词后面, 说明它们的性质和情况, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。
Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy. I myself will do the experiment.She is the oldest among them six.
二）简单句五种基本句型：
句子包含主要句子成分(主语、谓语)和次要句子成分(表语、宾语、宾语补足语),按照动词的性质将英语简单句划分为以下五种基本句型：
1、基本句型的词序： 2、划分符号(没有统一规定,仅供参考)：
例句：
Jim is working [very hard] [now].（他现在正非常努力地工作。）
She is young. （她年轻。） It looks like rain. （天看上去要下雨。）
The boy [always] kicked the dog [with his feet]. （这男孩老是用脚踢那只狗。）21教育网
He has [never] bought me a toy [since last year].（从去年起他没给我买过玩具。）
He felt something (cold) .（他感到有个冰冷的东西顺着腿上爬。）
三）句子的基本分类
1、按使用目的，句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
1）陈述句：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。例如：
Light travels faster than sound. 光比声传播速度快。（说明事实）
The film is rather boring. 这部电影很乏味。（说明看法）
2）疑问句：提出问题。有以下四种：
a. 一般疑问句： Can you finish the work in time? Yes, I can / No, I can’t 21世纪教育网版权所有
b. 特殊疑问句：Where do you live? I live in ……
c. 选择疑问句：Do you want tea or coffee? Tea/Coffee
d. 反意疑问句：He doesn't know her, does he? Yes, he doesn’t / No, he does
3）祈使句：提出请求，建议或发出命令。例如：Don't be nervous!
4）感叹句：表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪。例如：What good news it is!
2、按其结构，句子可以分为以下三类：
1）简单句：只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句。例如：We don’t like children.
2）并列句：包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接。例如：The food was good, but he had little appetite.
3）复合句：包含一个主句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句，从句由从属连词引导。
例如：The film had begun when we got to the cinema.
四）句子的基本结构
1、简单句的特点：简单句通常只由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成。
如：Things changed. Trees are green.We don’t like children.
2、简单句的种类：简单句一般分为陈述句、疑问句、感叹句和祈使句四种。
3、陈述句：用来说明一个事实的句子叫陈述句。它有肯定式和否定式两种形式。
▲陈述句的肯定式： He is a middle school student.（他是个中学生）
▲陈述句的否定式：
1)谓语动词如果是to be 、助动词、情态动词时,在它们的后面加“not”。如：My brother is not a teacher.（我的弟弟不是教师）/ He does not have a cousin.（他没有堂兄弟）/ I will not go there tomorrow.（明天我不去那儿）/ My mother is not cooking a meal in the kitchen.（我母亲现在不在厨房里做饭）/ You must not make such mistakes again.（你不该再犯类似错误了） / We haven’t discussed the question yet（我们还没有讨论那个问题呢）.
2)谓语动词如果没有上述词语而是其他动词时,须在它的前面加do not(don’t).如： I don’t know anything about it.(此事我一无所知) / Li Ming does not feed pigs in the countryside.（李明不在农村养猪）/ We didn’t expect to meet her right here.（我们没指望着在这里见到她）/ We didn’t have a meeting yesterday afternoon.(昨天下午我们没有开会)
3)如果“have”作“有”讲,也可以在它后面加not构成否定式,其形式与have got的否定式相同。 如：I haven’t (got) any brothers or sisters.（我没有兄弟姐妹）
[注意]
①句子中如果有all、both、very much/well等词时,用not一般构成部分否定,如果要完全否定,则通常使用none、neither、not…at all等；All of them went there.→None of them went there.（他们全都去了那里→他们全都没去那里）
②句子中含有little、few、too(太)、hardly、never、neither、nor、seldom等词时, 则视为否定句。如：Few people live there because life there is very hard.（几乎没有人生活在那里因为那里的生活太艰难了）
③陈述句(主语+谓语+其他)在口语中可以直接表示疑问,表示惊讶或明知故问。如：That’s your boss?（那就是你的老板？！）
④陈述句一般情况下应使用正常的语序,即：主语+谓语+其他。但是有时会倒装,详见“倒装句”。
⑤所有的从句一律使用陈述句语序,即在连接词后采用“主语+谓语+其他”的顺序。如：The old man told me that he would live here for ten more years before he returns home. （老人告诉我说他还要在这儿住几年然后回家）/ Could you tell me who you saw at the party last night?（能告诉我在聚会上你都看见了谁吗？）
4、疑问句：
▲一般疑问句： 用“yes”或“no”来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。
1)一般疑问句构成：句中谓语动词是to be、助动词、情态动词时,则将它们(提前)放到主语前面。如：Is he an engineer?（他是工程师吗？）/ Have you got today’s newspaper? （你有今天的报纸吗？）/ Shall we go to see a film this evening? （我们今晚去看电影好吗？）/ Can you explain it ?（你能解释它吗？）/ Is there any fish for supper?（晚饭有鱼吗？）/ Would you like to go out for a walk?（你想出去散步吗？）
谓语动词如果没有上述词语而是其他动词时,则在主语前面加助动词do / does / did, 原来的谓语动词改为原形。如：Do you get up at six every morning?（你天天早晨六点起身吗？）/ Does she study hard?（她学习努力吗？）/ Did you go there yesterday?（昨天你去那儿了吗？）
2)一般疑问句的回答：一般疑问句通常用简略形式来回答。如：
Will you join us in playing basketball?（你加入我们打篮球好吗？）—Yes, we will.（是的我们会。）/ —No, we won’t.（不我们不会。）
Have you got today’s newspaper?（你有今天的报纸吗？）—Yes, I have .（是的有。）/ —No, I haven’t.（不没有。）www-2-1-cnjy-com
回答时所用的时态应和问句里的时态一致。
[注意] 回答must或者may开头的疑问句要小心,参见情态动词有关内容。
3)一般疑问句的否定结构(即否定形式的一般疑问句)表示惊奇、责怪、建议、看法等,只要将“not”置于主语之后或者将“not”放到主语之前与be, have等助动词或情态动词合并在一起就可以了。如：
Will he not come?（他难道不来吗？）/ Isn’t your sister a Party member?（你的姐姐不是党员吗？）这种否定结构的疑问句的回答与汉语的习惯不同。如果回答是肯定的,就用“yes+肯定结构”；如果回答是否定的,就用“no+否定结构”。(情况与反意问句类似。)如：
Can’t he answer the question? (他不能回答这个问题吗？)
—Yes,he can.(不,他能回答这个问题。) —No,he can’t. (是的,他不能回答这个问题。)
特殊疑问句：要求具体回答的问句。
疑问代词
+一般疑问句+？
除who以外的疑问代词短语
疑问副词
1)特殊疑问句结构是：
如：What do you want?（你要什么？）/ Who(m) are you looking for ?（你在找谁？）/ Whose magazine is this?（这是谁的杂志？）/Which class are you in?（你在哪班？）/ When did you get up this morning?（你今早什么时候起身的？）/ Where have you been?（你到哪儿去了？）/ Why did he go to bed so early?（他为什么这么早睡觉？）/ How did you go there?（你是怎么去的那儿？）但是,“who”引出的询问主语或主语部分相关词的特殊疑问句的结构与陈述句词序相同：如：Who is dancing over there?（谁在那边跳舞？）
有时“what”,“which”,“whose”也可以引出与陈述句词序相同的特殊疑问句。如：What is on the wall?（什么东西在墙上？/墙上有什么？）/ Which is yours?（哪个是你的？）/ Whose book is in your bag?（谁的书在你的书包里？）
[注意]从陈述句改为特殊问句时,先将句子改为一般问句,再将(划线)提问部分更改为疑问词置于句首,特别要注意助动词的使用！如果只对主语或主语的修饰词提问,那么只需要将疑问部分改为疑问词即可。
2)常用疑问代词和疑问副词：
疑问代词： who, whom, whose, which, what,
疑问副词： when, where, why, how,
how构成的短语：how many (多少个) (独立用；或跟可数名词), how much (多少) (独立用；或跟不可数名词), how old (多大年纪), how far (多远), how often (多常),how long (多久,多长), how soon (多久以后),how many times (多少次),等等。
3)特殊疑问句有时也用否定式。如：Why don’t you ask Jim instead?(常缩略为Why not…?)
4) 特殊疑问句疑问部分有时可以有两个以上的疑问词。如：When and where were you born?5) 疑问词如果是介词的宾语,则该介词可以在句首,也可以在句尾。如：What do you want a computer for? = For what do you want a computer? (你干嘛要一台电脑呢？)
▲反意疑问句： 反意疑问句表示对陈述句所说的事实提出相反的疑问,要求对方用“yes”或“no”来进行回答。
1) 构成：由两部分组成：前一部分是陈述句,后一部分是疑问句,它是由be ,have, 助动词或情态动词+主语构成。如果陈述句是肯定结构,反意疑问句须用否定结构；反之,陈述句如果是否定结构,反意疑问句须用肯定结构。反意疑问句的两部分,必须保持人称和时态的一致；反意疑问句的回答有时会和汉语不同。
陈述句部分
附加问句部分
注 意 点
肯定陈述句
否定的简短一般问句
当陈述句部分含有“是”动词、(“有”动词)、情态动词和助动词时,简短问句中沿用该词；否则就使用do/does//did.
否定陈述句
肯定的简短一般问句
如：He is old, isn’t he? (他老了不是吗？) / The man went away, didn’t he? (那个男人走开了不是吗？) / He isn’t old, is he? (他不老是吗？) / He never went there, did he? (他从没有去过那里是吗？)
2) 反意问句的回答：
无论哪种形式的反意问句,回答时要遵循：“Yes,+肯定式”或者“No,+否定式”
如：The man went away, didn’t he?(那人走开了,不是吗？)
——Yes, he did.(是的,他走了。)/ No, he didn’t.(不,他没有走。)
The man never went there, did he?(这人从来不去那里,是吗？)
——Yes, he did.(不是呀,他去的。)/ No, he didn’t.(是呀,他不去。)
▲选择疑问句：提出两种或两种以上情况,需要对方作出选择回答的疑问句叫选择疑问句。
1) 构成：(1) 一般疑问句 + or + 第二选项？
(2) 特殊疑问句 + 第一选项(+ 第二选项)+ or + 第三选项？
2)选择疑问句的结构与特殊疑问句相同,即要具体回答,不可以用yes / no回答。如：
Is your friend a boy or a girl? –A girl. (----你的朋友是男孩还是女孩？----是女孩。) / Which do you prefer, coffee or tea? –Tea, please. (---你要哪一样咖啡还是茶？----请来茶吧。) / Which do you like best, singing, dancing or skating? --Dancing, of course. (----唱歌、跳舞和溜冰你最喜欢哪样？----当然是跳舞啦！)
5、祈使句：祈使句用来表示请求、命令等。它的主语you往往不说出。
▲祈使句的肯定式： 动词(原形) + 其他 如：Please give me a hand. (请帮忙) / Shut up! (住嘴！)
▲祈使句的否定式： Don’t +动词原形 + 其他 如：Please don’t talk in low voices. (请不要低声讲话。) / Don’t look back! (不要掉头看。)【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
[注意] 以“let’s”引出的祈使句的否定结构,“not”应放在“let’s”后面。如：Let’s not trouble him. (我们不要打扰他。)21教育名师原创作品
肯定祈使句前可以用助动词来强调语气。如：Please do help me! (请千万帮帮我。)
感叹句：感叹句用来表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情。句末常用“！”
▲对含有形容词的名词短语感叹的结构通常是：
What + (a /an) + (形容词) +名词+ 陈述句结构(主谓语) ,用来强调句子中的名词,如：What a good, kind girl (she is)! (她是多么善良的好女孩！) / What bad weather (it is)! (天气真糟糕！)21*cnjy*com
▲仅对形容词或副词进行感叹的结构通常是：How + 形容词/副词 + 陈述句结构(主谓语) ,用来强调句子中的形容词、副词或动词。How carefully the old man walks! (这老人走路真小心！) / How delicious the food is! (这食品真好吃！) / How beautiful! (真美呀！)
▲有时,陈述句、祈使句、疑问句、一个词或词组,也带有一定的感彩,也可以成为感叹句,此时未必使用感叹句型。He is sitting on a tiger’s back! (他坐在老虎的背上！) / A nice shot! (漂亮一击！) / Good goal! (好球！)
简单句基本句型结构
1、主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语
2、主语 ＋ 谓语（不及物动词）
3、主语 ＋ 谓语（及物动词） ＋ 宾语
4、主语 ＋ 谓语 ＋ 间接宾语 ＋ 直接宾语
There be 结构
1、定义：There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。
2、结构：(1) There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语.
(2) There are +复数名词+地点状语.
注意事项：? there在句中不充当任何成分，翻译时也不必译出。
句子的主语是某人或某物，谓语动词be要与主语（某人或某物）的数保持一致。
当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时，谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。
There is a bird in the tree.?? 树上有一只鸟。
There is a teacher and many students in our classroom.? 我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。
There are two boys and a girl under the tree. 树下有两个男孩，一个女孩。【版权所有：21教育】
考点一：句子成分
典例1:(济宁中考)-Is that car Mrs. Black's?-No, _______ is a white one.21cnjy.com
A. she B. her C. hers D. his
【解析】考查句子主语，答语缺少主语，名词性物主代词在句中作主语。故选C,
【答案】C
举一反三
1.(苏州中考)This work needs close teamwork.________ will be achieved unless we work well together.
A. Nothing B.Anything C. Something D. Everything
2.(白银中考)My brother_______ to move the heavy box, but I didn't give up.
A. reminded B. refused C. agreed D. considered
3.-Excuse me, Mr Li, where is the Fishing Island?
-Let me show you on the map. It's ________the east of China.
A. in B. on C. to
4.(嘉兴中考)I’m looking for a bank，but I can’t find______.
A. it B.one C. this
5.(凉山中考) When you move somewhere new，the first thing for you is to find a place______·
A. to live B. living in C. to live in
6.(天津中考)Cambridge is a small city______ the east of England.
A. between B. with C. in D. under
7.(安顺中考) I saw some boy students ________basketball when I passed the playground.
A. played B. plays C. playing D. to play
考点二：句子基本结构
典例1：The weather forecast says that there ________(be) another storm tomorrow.(2015，广州)
【解析】句子结构为“主语＋谓语＋that引导的宾语从句”，“tomorrow”为将来时的标志。
举一反三
1.Now，people have more ____(自由的) time.Square Dancing is becoming more and more popular.(2015，安徽)
2.—Has Jane done the washing yet?
—You cannot ________(期望) her to do such a thing.(2015，苏州)www.21-cn-jy.com
3.—Tom，don't throw the rubbish on the floor.We should keep the classroom ________(干净的)．
—Oh，sorry.Miss Wang.(2015，自贡)
考点三：句子种类
典例1：(2014年咸宁)—Do you want to go to Taiwan or Tibet for holiday?—________.
A.No, I don't B.Yes, I do C.Good idea D.I want to Taiwan 2·1·c·n·j·y
举一反三
(2014年呼和浩特)I hear they are going to London, but I don't know ________ they will stay there.
A.how soon B.how often C.how long D.how fast
2..(2012年衢州)—Excuse me, ________ can I get to the nearest bookshop?
—Go along this road and you will find it on your right.
A．why B．where C．when D．how
3..(2014年安顺)I don't think she will agree with us, ________？
A．will she B．won't she C．don't you D．do you
4..(2013年泸州)Tell me the way to the cinema, ________ you?
A．will B．need C．shall D．may
5.________ carefully, Michael! There's a school ahead.
A．Drive B．To drive C．Drove D．Driving
6.(2014年长沙)________ nervous the girl was! She could not fall asleep all night.
A．What B.What a C.How
1.(2014年咸宁)—Do you want to go to Taiwan or Tibet for holiday?—________.21*cnjy*com
A.No, I don't B.Yes, I do C.Good idea D.I want to Taiwan
2.(2014年呼和浩特)I hear they are going to London, but I don't know ________ they will stay there.
A.how soon B.how often C.how long D.how fast
3.(2012年衢州)—Excuse me, ________ can I get to the nearest bookshop?
—Go along this road and you will find it on your right.
A．why B．where C．when D．how
4..(2014年安顺)I don't think she will agree with us, ________？
A．will she B．won't she C．don't you D．do you
5..(2013年泸州)Tell me the way to the cinema, ________ you?
A．will B．need C．shall D．may
6..(2012年安顺)—You can hardly swim，________ you?
—________.But my mother says she'll teach me during my summer holiday.
A．can't; No B．can; No C．can't; Yes D．can; Yes
7..—It's sunny today.Let's go mountain climbing, ________？【来源：21cnj*y.co*m—Good idea!
A.shall we B.will you C．won't you D．should me
8..(2014年上海)________ carefully, Michael! There's a school ahead.
A．Drive B．To drive C．Drove D．Driving
9..(2013年南充)________ call me Wang Wang! It's my dog's name.
A．Not B．No C．Don't
10.(2014年长沙)________ nervous the girl was! She could not fall asleep all night.
A．What B.What a C.How
11.(2013年济南)—Have you heard of Zhang Lili? She was seriously hurt in an accident in order to save one of her students.
—________ good teacher!
A.How B．What C．What a D．What an
12.(2012年自贡)—A subway will be built in our hometown before 2015.
—________！ Will it pass my house?
What an excited news B．What exciting news
13.(2014年佛山)________ seriously ill the poor old monkey is!
A．How B．What a C．What
14..(2014年佛山)—________ can we learn from the film Frozen? —True love, I think.
A．Who B．What C．Which
14.(2014年梅州)________ play with fire.________ with fire is dangerous.
A．Don't; Playing B．Not; Playing C．Don't; Play D．Not to; To play
15.(2014年广州)—Sorry I'm late. —________ tell me the bus broke down again!21cnjy.com
A．Never to B．Not C．Don't D．No
16.(2014年连云港)—________ will the fog and haze last?—I've no idea.There is no sign of an end.
A．How soon B．How far C．How long D．How often
17.(2014年平凉)—Do you mind if I smoke here?—________.It's non-smoking area.
A．Certainly not B．Of course not C．I'm afraid not D．I'm sorry but I do
18.(2014年达州)—Judy's never been late for school, ________ she?
—________.She is always the first to get to school every morning.
is; Yes B．has; No C．isn't; Yes D．hasn't; No
19..(2014年龙东)—What can you see in the garden?—Flowers.________ beautiful they are!
A.What B．How C．How a
20.(2014年十堰)________ weather it is today!
A．What hot B.How hot C．What a hot D.How a hot
Something unusual happened yesterday, ________？
A．isn't it B．didn't it C．don't they D．aren't they
2.How beautiful the rainbow is, ________？
A．doesn't it B．does it C．isn't it D．is it
3.Please ________ your dog here.
A.not walk B．not walking C．don't walking D．don't walk 21·cn·jy·com
4.—You forget that man, don't you? —________.He's a writer.
A．No, I don't B．No, I do C．Yes, I do D．Yes, I don't
5.They hardly know what you did, ________？
A．don't they B．do they C．did they D．didn't they
6.________ amazing the performance is!
A．What a B．What C．How a D．How
7.________ nice man he is!
A．What B．What a C．How D．How a
8.I supposed my sister would come back tomorrow, ________？
A．did I B．wouldn't I C．did she D．wouldn't she
)9.—________ do you go to school every day? —By bus.
A．How B．Why C．Where D．When
10.—Are you going to borrow a dictionary or a magazine?—________.
A．Yes, a dictionary B．No, a magazine C．A dictionary D．Yes, both
11．Teenagers allowed to drive .
A. should not be B. should be not C. not should be
12．Peter is a good doctor.
A. 宾语 B. 表语 C. 谓语 D. 状语
13．I think ______ necessary ______ to take more exercise.
A. it; for Jim and me B. it’s; to Jim and me21·世纪*教育网
C. that; for Jim and I D. that’s; to Jim and I
14．-----_______healthy, you should eat ______and exercise more.
-----I can’t agree with you more.
Keep,more B.To keep,less C.To keep,fewer D.Keeping,less
15．Can you lend me the novel ______ the other day???
A. that you talked? B. you talked about it C. which you talked with D. you talked about
16．Our teachers think Jim the best student. The sentence structure is _______
A.S+V+DO B. S+V C. S+V+P D. S+V+DO+OC
17．You will find ______ useful to learn even a little English.
A. it B. it was C. that D. this
18．—It’s too hot．Would you mind the door? — ,please do it now．
A．to open, Ok B．opening, Certainly C．to open, Good idea D．opening, Of course not
19．—__________ do you have a test in school? —Every week．
A．How often B．How long C．How soon D．How far
20．—It is selfless the most beautiful teacher—Yang Xiangming to lose his life the child in the river.
—I think so, he is so great.
A. for; to save B. of; to save C. for; to saving D. of; to saving
二、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1．I'm terribly sorry that I've kept you _________(wait) for so long.
2．—My friend has ________(achieve) his goal after years of hard work. —Great!
3．I _______(go) to the countryside to see my grandmother this afternoon，so I can't go swimming with you.
4．—Would you mind my ________(use) your pen? —Of course not.Here you are.
5．—I think students should have mobile phones ______(call) their parents.
—I don't agree.They often use them to play games instead.
6．Listen! The country music ________(sound) so sweet.
7．The old man was so _______(excite) about the good news that he couldn't say a word.
8．Air pollution has become ______________(serious) than ever before.We must do something to stop it.
9．My father do exercise every day，so he looks __________(health)．
10．The roof of the house needs __________(repair)．It's raining now.
【备考2018】英语3年中考2年模拟专题复习学案第十四讲 句子成分及其句子种类 解析卷
从历年中考试题的情况来看，句子成分及其句子种类相关题目的考查，占相当的比重。因为句子成分及其句子种类的变化多，而且是句子的核心部分，所以在进行单项或知识点复习时，务必把句子成分及其句子种类相关的部分作为复习的重点。首先是句子成分，不但要把常见的基本概念搞清楚，而且有必要做大量的相应练习。这样才能在实 际应用中少出错或不出错。
句子的基本结构
思维导图记知识点
一）句子的基本成分
句子的基本成分有以下几种：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语、同位语。
1、主语：句子的主体，全句述说的对象。一般由名词、代词、不定式、动名词或从句担当，位于句首。
The boy needs a pen. Smoking is bad for you = To smoke is bad for you
2、谓语：说明主语的动作或状态。由动词或系动词加表语担任，常置于主语后。
The train leaves at 6 o’clock. She is reading.
3、宾语：表示动作的对象。一般由名词或代词担当，常置于谓语后。
He won the game. He likes playing computer.
表语：用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。一般由名词或形容词担任，置于系动词或be动词之后。He is a student. We are tired.
注意：除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，
1)表感官的动词: feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。
2)表转变变化的动词: become, get, grow, turn, go等。
3)表延续的动词: remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。
5、定语：对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子。
The black bike is mine.（形容词）The boy in blue is Jim.（介词短语）I have nothing to do today.（动词不定式）
注意：
1) 当定语修饰不定代词如：nothing , anything , everything , something等时，定语要放在其后作后置定语。
例如： I tell him something interesting.
2) 不定式、短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。
例如：The boys who are in the room are playing games.
6）状语：用以修饰adj. /v. /adv.及全句，位置灵活。
1）修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；I am very sorry.
2）表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首。
In order to cheer him up, I told him the truth.
3）一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。We often help him. He is always late for class.
7）补语：补充说明宾语的情况。由n./adj./介宾/分词/不定式等担任。常位于宾语后。
He made me sad.（形容词）She asks me to take an umbrella.（不定式）21·世纪*教育网
The war made him a soldier.（名词）I find him at home.（介词短语）
I saw a cat running along the wall.（分词）
8）同位语：同位语是句子成分的一种, 它位于名词、代词后面, 说明它们的性质和情况, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy. I myself will do the experiment.She is the oldest among them six.
二）简单句五种基本句型：
句子包含主要句子成分(主语、谓语)和次要句子成分(表语、宾语、宾语补足语),按照动词的性质将英语简单句划分为以下五种基本句型：21教育名师原创作品
1、基本句型的词序： 2、划分符号(没有统一规定,仅供参考)：
例句：
Jim is working [very hard] [now].（他现在正非常努力地工作。）
She is young. （她年轻。） It looks like rain. （天看上去要下雨。）
The boy [always] kicked the dog [with his feet]. （这男孩老是用脚踢那只狗。）
He has [never] bought me a toy [since last year].（从去年起他没给我买过玩具。）
He felt something (cold) .（他感到有个冰冷的东西顺着腿上爬。）
三）句子的基本分类
1、按使用目的，句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
1）陈述句：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。例如：
Light travels faster than sound. 光比声传播速度快。（说明事实）
The film is rather boring. 这部电影很乏味。（说明看法）
2）疑问句：提出问题。有以下四种：
a. 一般疑问句： Can you finish the work in time? Yes, I can / No, I can’t
b. 特殊疑问句：Where do you live? I live in ……
c. 选择疑问句：Do you want tea or coffee? Tea/Coffee
d. 反意疑问句：He doesn't know her, does he? Yes, he doesn’t / No, he does
3）祈使句：提出请求，建议或发出命令。例如：Don't be nervous!
4）感叹句：表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪。例如：What good news it is!
2、按其结构，句子可以分为以下三类：
1）简单句：只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句。例如：We don’t like children.
2）并列句：包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接。例如：The food was good, but he had little appetite.
3）复合句：包含一个主句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句，从句由从属连词引导。
例如：The film had begun when we got to the cinema.
四）句子的基本结构
1、简单句的特点：简单句通常只由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成。
如：Things changed. Trees are green.We don’t like children.
2、简单句的种类：简单句一般分为陈述句、疑问句、感叹句和祈使句四种。
3、陈述句：用来说明一个事实的句子叫陈述句。它有肯定式和否定式两种形式。
▲陈述句的肯定式： He is a middle school student.（他是个中学生）
▲陈述句的否定式：
1)谓语动词如果是to be 、助动词、情态动词时,在它们的后面加“not”。如：My brother is not a teacher.（我的弟弟不是教师）/ He does not have a cousin.（他没有堂兄弟）/ I will not go there tomorrow.（明天我不去那儿）/ My mother is not cooking a meal in the kitchen.（我母亲现在不在厨房里做饭）/ You must not make such mistakes again.（你不该再犯类似错误了） / We haven’t discussed the question yet（我们还没有讨论那个问题呢）.
2)谓语动词如果没有上述词语而是其他动词时,须在它的前面加do not(don’t).如： I don’t know anything about it.(此事我一无所知) / Li Ming does not feed pigs in the countryside.（李明不在农村养猪）/ We didn’t expect to meet her right here.（我们没指望着在这里见到她）/ We didn’t have a meeting yesterday afternoon.(昨天下午我们没有开会)
3)如果“have”作“有”讲,也可以在它后面加not构成否定式,其形式与have got的否定式相同。 如：I haven’t (got) any brothers or sisters.（我没有兄弟姐妹）
[注意]
①句子中如果有all、both、very much/well等词时,用not一般构成部分否定,如果要完全否定,则通常使用none、neither、not…at all等；All of them went there.→None of them went there.（他们全都去了那里→他们全都没去那里）
②句子中含有little、few、too(太)、hardly、never、neither、nor、seldom等词时, 则视为否定句。如：Few people live there because life there is very hard.（几乎没有人生活在那里因为那里的生活太艰难了）
③陈述句(主语+谓语+其他)在口语中可以直接表示疑问,表示惊讶或明知故问。如：That’s your boss?（那就是你的老板？！）
④陈述句一般情况下应使用正常的语序,即：主语+谓语+其他。但是有时会倒装,详见“倒装句”。
⑤所有的从句一律使用陈述句语序,即在连接词后采用“主语+谓语+其他”的顺序。如：The old man told me that he would live here for ten more years before he returns home. （老人告诉我说他还要在这儿住几年然后回家）/ Could you tell me who you saw at the party last night?（能告诉我在聚会上你都看见了谁吗？）
4、疑问句：
▲一般疑问句： 用“yes”或“no”来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。
1)一般疑问句构成：句中谓语动词是to be、助动词、情态动词时,则将它们(提前)放到主语前面。如：Is he an engineer?（他是工程师吗？）/ Have you got today’s newspaper? （你有今天的报纸吗？）/ Shall we go to see a film this evening? （我们今晚去看电影好吗？）/ Can you explain it ?（你能解释它吗？）/ Is there any fish for supper?（晚饭有鱼吗？）/ Would you like to go out for a walk?（你想出去散步吗？）
谓语动词如果没有上述词语而是其他动词时,则在主语前面加助动词do / does / did, 原来的谓语动词改为原形。如：Do you get up at six every morning?（你天天早晨六点起身吗？）/ Does she study hard?（她学习努力吗？）/ Did you go there yesterday?（昨天你去那儿了吗？）
2)一般疑问句的回答：一般疑问句通常用简略形式来回答。如：
Will you join us in playing basketball?（你加入我们打篮球好吗？）—Yes, we will.（是的我们会。）/ —No, we won’t.（不我们不会。）
Have you got today’s newspaper?（你有今天的报纸吗？）—Yes, I have .（是的有。）/ —No, I haven’t.（不没有。）
回答时所用的时态应和问句里的时态一致。
[注意] 回答must或者may开头的疑问句要小心,参见情态动词有关内容。
3)一般疑问句的否定结构(即否定形式的一般疑问句)表示惊奇、责怪、建议、看法等,只要将“not”置于主语之后或者将“not”放到主语之前与be, have等助动词或情态动词合并在一起就可以了。如：
Will he not come?（他难道不来吗？）/ Isn’t your sister a Party member?（你的姐姐不是党员吗？）这种否定结构的疑问句的回答与汉语的习惯不同。如果回答是肯定的,就用“yes+肯定结构”；如果回答是否定的,就用“no+否定结构”。(情况与反意问句类似。)如：
Can’t he answer the question? (他不能回答这个问题吗？)
—Yes,he can.(不,他能回答这个问题。) —No,he can’t. (是的,他不能回答这个问题。)
特殊疑问句：要求具体回答的问句。
疑问代词
+一般疑问句+？
除who以外的疑问代词短语
疑问副词
1)特殊疑问句结构是：
如：What do you want?（你要什么？）/ Who(m) are you looking for ?（你在找谁？）/ Whose magazine is this?（这是谁的杂志？）/Which class are you in?（你在哪班？）/ When did you get up this morning?（你今早什么时候起身的？）/ Where have you been?（你到哪儿去了？）/ Why did he go to bed so early?（他为什么这么早睡觉？）/ How did you go there?（你是怎么去的那儿？）但是,“who”引出的询问主语或主语部分相关词的特殊疑问句的结构与陈述句词序相同：如：Who is dancing over there?（谁在那边跳舞？）
有时“what”,“which”,“whose”也可以引出与陈述句词序相同的特殊疑问句。如：What is on the wall?（什么东西在墙上？/墙上有什么？）/ Which is yours?（哪个是你的？）/ Whose book is in your bag?（谁的书在你的书包里？）【版权所有：21教育】
[注意]从陈述句改为特殊问句时,先将句子改为一般问句,再将(划线)提问部分更改为疑问词置于句首,特别要注意助动词的使用！如果只对主语或主语的修饰词提问,那么只需要将疑问部分改为疑问词即可。
2)常用疑问代词和疑问副词：
疑问代词： who, whom, whose, which, what,
疑问副词： when, where, why, how,
how构成的短语：how many (多少个) (独立用；或跟可数名词), how much (多少) (独立用；或跟不可数名词), how old (多大年纪), how far (多远), how often (多常),how long (多久,多长), how soon (多久以后),how many times (多少次),等等。
3)特殊疑问句有时也用否定式。如：Why don’t you ask Jim instead?(常缩略为Why not…?)
4) 特殊疑问句疑问部分有时可以有两个以上的疑问词。如：When and where were you born?5) 疑问词如果是介词的宾语,则该介词可以在句首,也可以在句尾。如：What do you want a computer for? = For what do you want a computer? (你干嘛要一台电脑呢？)
▲反意疑问句： 反意疑问句表示对陈述句所说的事实提出相反的疑问,要求对方用“yes”或“no”来进行回答。
1) 构成：由两部分组成：前一部分是陈述句,后一部分是疑问句,它是由be ,have, 助动词或情态动词+主语构成。如果陈述句是肯定结构,反意疑问句须用否定结构；反之,陈述句如果是否定结构,反意疑问句须用肯定结构。反意疑问句的两部分,必须保持人称和时态的一致；反意疑问句的回答有时会和汉语不同。
陈述句部分
附加问句部分
注 意 点
肯定陈述句
否定的简短一般问句
当陈述句部分含有“是”动词、(“有”动词)、情态动词和助动词时,简短问句中沿用该词；否则就使用do/does//did.
否定陈述句
肯定的简短一般问句
如：He is old, isn’t he? (他老了不是吗？) / The man went away, didn’t he? (那个男人走开了不是吗？) / He isn’t old, is he? (他不老是吗？) / He never went there, did he? (他从没有去过那里是吗？)
2) 反意问句的回答：
无论哪种形式的反意问句,回答时要遵循：“Yes,+肯定式”或者“No,+否定式”
如：The man went away, didn’t he?(那人走开了,不是吗？)
——Yes, he did.(是的,他走了。)/ No, he didn’t.(不,他没有走。)
The man never went there, did he?(这人从来不去那里,是吗？)
——Yes, he did.(不是呀,他去的。)/ No, he didn’t.(是呀,他不去。)
▲选择疑问句：提出两种或两种以上情况,需要对方作出选择回答的疑问句叫选择疑问句。
1) 构成：(1) 一般疑问句 + or + 第二选项？
(2) 特殊疑问句 + 第一选项(+ 第二选项)+ or + 第三选项？
2)选择疑问句的结构与特殊疑问句相同,即要具体回答,不可以用yes / no回答。如：
Is your friend a boy or a girl? –A girl. (----你的朋友是男孩还是女孩？----是女孩。) / Which do you prefer, coffee or tea? –Tea, please. (---你要哪一样咖啡还是茶？----请来茶吧。) / Which do you like best, singing, dancing or skating? --Dancing, of course. (----唱歌、跳舞和溜冰你最喜欢哪样？----当然是跳舞啦！)
5、祈使句：祈使句用来表示请求、命令等。它的主语you往往不说出。
▲祈使句的肯定式： 动词(原形) + 其他 如：Please give me a hand. (请帮忙) / Shut up! (住嘴！)
▲祈使句的否定式： Don’t +动词原形 + 其他 如：Please don’t talk in low voices. (请不要低声讲话。) / Don’t look back! (不要掉头看。)21cnjy.com
[注意] 以“let’s”引出的祈使句的否定结构,“not”应放在“let’s”后面。如：Let’s not trouble him. (我们不要打扰他。)www.21-cn-jy.com
肯定祈使句前可以用助动词来强调语气。如：Please do help me! (请千万帮帮我。)
感叹句：感叹句用来表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情。句末常用“！”
▲对含有形容词的名词短语感叹的结构通常是：
What + (a /an) + (形容词) +名词+ 陈述句结构(主谓语) ,用来强调句子中的名词,如：What a good, kind girl (she is)! (她是多么善良的好女孩！) / What bad weather (it is)! (天气真糟糕！)www-2-1-cnjy-com
▲仅对形容词或副词进行感叹的结构通常是：How + 形容词/副词 + 陈述句结构(主谓语) ,用来强调句子中的形容词、副词或动词。How carefully the old man walks! (这老人走路真小心！) / How delicious the food is! (这食品真好吃！) / How beautiful! (真美呀！)2-1-c-n-j-y
▲有时,陈述句、祈使句、疑问句、一个词或词组,也带有一定的感彩,也可以成为感叹句,此时未必使用感叹句型。He is sitting on a tiger’s back! (他坐在老虎的背上！) / A nice shot! (漂亮一击！) / Good goal! (好球！)
简单句基本句型结构
1、主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语
2、主语 ＋ 谓语（不及物动词）
3、主语 ＋ 谓语（及物动词） ＋ 宾语
4、主语 ＋ 谓语 ＋ 间接宾语 ＋ 直接宾语
There be 结构
1、定义：There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。
2、结构：(1) There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语.
(2) There are +复数名词+地点状语.
注意事项：? there在句中不充当任何成分，翻译时也不必译出。
句子的主语是某人或某物，谓语动词be要与主语（某人或某物）的数保持一致。
当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时，谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。
There is a bird in the tree.?? 树上有一只鸟。
There is a teacher and many students in our classroom.? 我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。
There are two boys and a girl under the tree. 树下有两个男孩，一个女孩。21*cnjy*com
考点一：句子成分
典例1:(济宁中考)-Is that car Mrs. Black's?-No, _______ is a white one.
A. she B. her C. hers D. his
【解析】考查句子主语，答语缺少主语，名词性物主代词在句中作主语。故选C,
【答案】C
举一反三
1.(苏州中考)This work needs close teamwork.________ will be achieved unless we work well together.
A. Nothing B.Anything C. Something D. Everything
【解析】考查句子主语,第二句句意为:“除非我们一起好好工作，否则将一事无成。’所填词作句子的主语，且表示 否定含义，故用Nothing。故选A
【答案】A
2.(白银中考)My brother_______ to move the heavy box, but I didn't give up.
A. reminded B. refused C. agreed D. considered
【解析】考查句子谓语，后半句指自己没有放弃，故前半句中应是表示拒绝。remind使想起; refuse拒绝; agree同意；consider考虑。故选B,
【答案】B
3.-Excuse me, Mr Li, where is the Fishing Island?
-Let me show you on the map. It's ________the east of China.
A. in B. on C. to
【解析】考查句子表语。钓鱼岛是属于中国的一部分，故要用in.
【答案】A
4.(嘉兴中考)I’m looking for a bank，but I can’t find______.
A. it B.one C. this
【解析】考查句子宾语，one是代词,指代前面提到的同类事物。此处指的是任意一家银行。故选B,
【答案】B
5.(凉山中考) When you move somewhere new，the first thing for you is to find a place______·
A. to live B. living in C. to live in
【解析】考查句子定语，句中用动词不定式作定语修饰名词，构成不定式的动词和所修饰的名词存在动宾关系，可先排除B；当动词不定式作定语修饰名词时，动词若是不及物动词，需要在动词后加上相应的介词。故选C.
【答案】C
6.(天津中考)Cambridge is a small city______ the east of England.
A. between B. with C. in D. under
【解析】考查句子状语, 剑桥市属于英国, 故用in, in the east of指“在……东边”。故选C
【答案】C
7.(安顺中考) I saw some boy students ________basketball when I passed the playground.
A. played B. plays C. playing D. to play
【解析】考查句子宾语补足语, 此处指当我经过的时候看到的事情，是当时正在发生的事情，用现在分词作宾语补足语。故选C
【答案】C
考点二：句子基本结构
典例1：The weather forecast says that there ________(be) another storm tomorrow.(2015，广州)
【解析】句子结构为“主语＋谓语＋that引导的宾语从句”，“tomorrow”为将来时的标志。
举一反三
1.Now，people have more ____(自由的) time.Square Dancing is becoming more and more popular.(2015，安徽)
【解析】句子结构为“主语＋谓语＋名词”
【答案】freedom
2.—Has Jane done the washing yet?
—You cannot ________(期望) her to do such a thing.(2015，苏州)
【解析】句子结构为“主语＋谓语＋代词＋不定式”。
【答案】expect
3.—Tom，don't throw the rubbish on the floor.We should keep the classroom ________(干净的)．
—Oh，sorry.Miss Wang.(2015，自贡)
【解析】句子结构为“主语＋谓语＋名词＋形容词”。
【答案】clean
考点三：句子种类
典例1：(2014年咸宁)—Do you want to go to Taiwan or Tibet for holiday?—________.
A.No, I don't B.Yes, I do C.Good idea D.I want to Taiwan
【解析】选择疑问句，不能用Yes或No回答，要选择其中一种情况作答，所以答案选D。
【答案】D
举一反三
(2014年呼和浩特)I hear they are going to London, but I don't know ________ they will stay there
A.how soon B.how often C.how long D.how fast
【解析】how soon 表示“还要多久才”，一般用于将来时，回答用in引导的时间状语；how often表示“多久一次”，指动作的频率；how long 表示“(延续)多长时间”，回答用for或since引导的时间状语；how fast表示“多快”，指速度。结合语境可知选C。
【答案】C
2..(2012年衢州)—Excuse me, ________ can I get to the nearest bookshop?
—Go along this road and you will find it on your right
A．why B．where C．when D．how
【解析】根据答语可知，这是对去某地的方式进行询问， 故选D。
【答案】D
3..(2014年安顺)I don't think she will agree with us, ________？
A．will she B．won't she C．don't you D．do you
【解析】当主句主语为第一人称且含有think, believe, suppose时，后面的疑问部分要根据从句来确定。故选A。
【答案】A
4..(2013年泸州)Tell me the way to the cinema, ________ you?
A．will B．need C．shall D．may
【解析】祈使句的反义疑问句除了let's开头的，简略问句部分都用will you，所以选A。
【答案】A
5.________ carefully, Michael! There's a school ahead.
A．Drive B．To drive C．Drove D．Driving
【解析】祈使句的动词使用原形。
【答案】A
6.(2014年长沙)________ nervous the girl was! She could not fall asleep all night.
A．What B.What a C.How
【解析】感叹句的结构为“How＋形容词/副词(＋主语＋谓语)！”或“What(＋a/an)＋adj.＋名词(＋主语＋谓语)！”该题中the girl was为主语和谓语部分，nervous为形容词，因此用how修饰。
【答案】C
1.(2014年咸宁)—Do you want to go to Taiwan or Tibet for holiday?—________.
A.No, I don't B.Yes, I do C.Good idea D.I want to Taiwan
【解析】选择疑问句，不能用Yes或No回答，要选择其中一种情况作答，所以答案选D。
【答案】D
(2014年呼和浩特)I hear they are going to London, but I don't know ________ they will stay there.
A.how soon B.how often C.how long D.how fast
【解析】how soon 表示“还要多久才”，一般用于将来时，回答用in引导的时间状语；how often表示“多久一次”，指动作的频率；how long 表示“(延续)多长时间”，回答用for或since引导的时间状语；how fast表示“多快”，指速度。结合语境可知选C。
【答案】C
3.(2012年衢州)—Excuse me, ________ can I get to the nearest bookshop?
—Go along this road and you will find it on your right.
A．why B．where C．when D．how
【解析】根据答语可知，这是对去某地的方式进行询问， 故选D。
【答案】D
4..(2014年安顺)I don't think she will agree with us, ________？
A．will she B．won't she C．don't you D．do you
【解析】当主句主语为第一人称且含有think, believe, suppose时，后面的疑问部分要根据从句来确定。故选A。
【答案】A
5..(2013年泸州)Tell me the way to the cinema, ________ you?
A．will B．need C．shall D．may
【解析】祈使句的反义疑问句除了let's开头的，简略问句部分都用will you，所以选A。
【答案】A
6..(2012年安顺)—You can hardly swim，________ you?
—________.But my mother says she'll teach me during my summer holiday.
A．can't; No B．can; No C．can't; Yes D．can; Yes
【解析】hardly意为“几乎不”，是否定副词。根据反意疑问句“前否后肯”的原则可知第一个空排除A、C两项；又根据答语的第二句话可知我不会游泳，所以第二个空应是No，意为“是的，我不会”，故选B。
【答案】B
7..—It's sunny today.Let's go mountain climbing, ________？—Good idea!
A.shall we B.will you C．won't you D．should me
【解析】Let's引导的反意疑问句的疑问部分用shall we，故选A。
【答案】A
8..(2014年上海)________ carefully, Michael! There's a school ahead.
A．Drive B．To drive C．Drove D．Driving
【解析】祈使句的动词使用原形。
【答案】A
9..(2013年南充)________ call me Wang Wang! It's my dog's name.21*cnjy*com
A．Not B．No C．Don't
【解析】表示“不要做某事”有两种表达方法：“No＋动名词”或者“Don't＋动词原形”，根据动词call为原形可知选C。
【答案】C
10.(2014年长沙)________ nervous the girl was! She could not fall asleep all night.
A．What B.What a C.How
【解析】感叹句的结构为“How＋形容词/副词(＋主语＋谓语)！”或“What(＋a/an)＋adj.＋名词(＋主语＋谓语)！”该题中the girl was为主语和谓语部分，nervous为形容词，因此用how修饰。
(2013年济南)—Have you heard of Zhang Lili? She was seriously hurt in an accident in order to save one of her students.
【答案】C
—________ good teacher!
A.How B．What C．What a D．What an
【解析】C teacher是可数名词单数形式，good以辅音发音开头，所以感叹句用“What a．..！”。
【答案】C
12.(2012年自贡)—A subway will be built in our hometown before 2015.
—________！ Will it pass my house?
A．What an excited news B．What exciting news C．How exciting news
【解析】news是不可数名词，用what来修饰，故选B。
【答案】B
13.(2014年佛山)________ seriously ill the poor old monkey is!
A．How B．What a C．What
【解析】 ill是不可数名词，用what来修饰，故选C
14..(2014年佛山)—________ can we learn from the film Frozen? —True love, I think.
A．Who B．What C．Which
【解析】根据答语True love，用what来提问，故选B
【答案】B
14.(2014年梅州)________ play with fire.________ with fire is dangerous.
A．Don't; Playing B．Not; Playing C．Don't; Play D．Not to; To play
【解析】第一空考查祈使句的否定句用Don’t,第二空动名词做主语用playing，故选A
【答案】A
15.(2014年广州)—Sorry I'm late. —________ tell me the bus broke down again!
A．Never to B．Not C．Don't D．No
【解析】考查祈使句的否定句用Don’t，故选C
【答案】C
(2014年连云港)—________ will the fog and haze last?
—I've no idea.There is no sign of an end.
A．How soon B．How far C．How long D．How often
【解析】根据答语，用How long 提问，故选C.
【答案】C
17.(2014年平凉)—Do you mind if I smoke here?—________.It's non-smoking area.
A．Certainly not B．Of course not C．I'm afraid not D．I'm sorry but I do
【解析】根据题干，故选D.
【答案】D
18.(2014年达州)—Judy's never been late for school, ________ she?
—________.She is always the first to get to school every morning.
is; Yes B．has; No C．isn't; Yes D．hasn't; No
【解析】本题考查反义疑问句及其回答，前面是现在完成时，后面用has ，故选B
【答案】B
19..(2014年龙东)—What can you see in the garden?—Flowers.________ beautiful they are!
A.What B．How C．How a
【解析】本题考查感叹句，根据beautiful，选择B.
【答案】B
20.(2014年十堰)________ weather it is today!
A．What hot B.How hot C．What a hot D.How a hot
【解析】本题考查感叹句，根据weather，选择A.
【答案】A
Something unusual happened yesterday, ________？
A．isn't it B．didn't it C．don't they D．aren't they
【解析】本题考查一般过去时的反义疑问句。
【答案】B
2.How beautiful the rainbow is, ________？
A．doesn't it B．does it C．isn't it D．is it
【解析】本题考查一般现在时的反义疑问句。
【答案】C
3.Please ________ your dog here.
A.not walk B．not walking C．don't walking D．don't walk
【解析】本题考查祈使句的否定句。
【答案】D
4.—You forget that man, don't you? —________.He's a writer.21世纪教育网版权所有
A．No, I don't B．No, I do C．Yes, I do D．Yes, I don't
【解析】本题考查祈使句的否定回答。
【答案】A
5.They hardly know what you did, ________？
A．don't they B．do they C．did they D．didn't they 21教育网
【解析】本题考查祈使句的否定回答。
【答案】B
6.________ amazing the performance is!
A．What a B．What C．How a D．How
【解析】本题考查感叹句，有名词选what，没有名词则选how。
【答案】D
7.________ nice man he is!
A．What B．What a C．How D．How a
【解析】本题考查感叹句，有名词选what，没有名词则选how。
【答案】B
8.I supposed my sister would come back tomorrow, ________？
A．did I B．wouldn't I C．did she D．wouldn't she
【解析】本题考查一般情态动词的反义疑问句。
【答案】D
)9.—________ do you go to school every day? —By bus.
A．How B．Why C．Where D．When
【解析】本题考查一般特殊疑问句，对By bus提问用how。
【答案】A
10.—Are you going to borrow a dictionary or a magazine?—________.
A．Yes, a dictionary B．No, a magazine C．A dictionary D．Yes, both
【解析】根据题干，考查选择疑问句，选择C。
【答案】C
11．Teenagers allowed to drive .A. should not be B. should be not C. not should be
【解析】句意：年轻人不应该被允许驾车。Should是情态动词，其否定表达一般在在后面加副词not，故选A。
【答案】A
12．Peter is a good doctor.
A. 宾语 B. 表语 C. 谓语 D. 状语
【解析】句意:彼得是个不错的医生.结合语境可知本句为系表结构. a good doctor.为表语,故选B.
英语中有五种基本句型，如：一：S+V （主＋谓）；二：S+V+P （主＋系＋表）；基本句型三：S+V+DO （主＋谓＋宾）；四：S+V+IO+DO（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾；五：S+V+DO+OC （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补），学习中一定主语分析总结，熟记这些基本句子结构。21·cn·jy·com
【答案】B
13．I think ______ necessary ______ to take more exercise.
A. it; for Jim and me B. it’s; to Jim and me C. that; for Jim and I D. that’s; to Jim and I
【解析】句意：我认为多参加锻炼对于吉姆和我来说很有必要。本句中it作形式宾语，指代下文不定式内容，作形式宾语，that无此用法。英语中当第一人称单数I和其它名词并列时，一般放在最后。故选A。
【答案】A
14．-----_______healthy, you should eat ______and exercise more.
-----I can’t agree with you more.
Keep,more B.To keep,less C.To keep,fewer D.Keeping,less2·1·c·n·j·y
【解析】less是little的比较级，意思是更少的；more是much和many的比较级，意思是更多的。句意：为了保持健康，你应该少吃多锻炼。——我完全同意你的观点。动词不定式做目的状语表示具体的将要进行的动作，结合语境可知选B。
【答案】B
15．Can you lend me the novel ______ the other day???
A. that you talked? B. you talked about it C. which you talked with D. you talked about
【解析】talk with与……交谈；talk about谈论某事。句意：你能借给我那天你谈到的那本书吗？本句中先行词the novel为定语从句中的逻辑宾语，且是走介词宾语，故引导词用which，也可省略。Talk接宾语需和介词搭配使用，选项B不用代词it，选项C语义不符，故选D。
【答案】D
16．Our teachers think Jim the best student. The sentence structure is _______
A.S+V+DO B. S+V C. S+V+P D. S+V+DO+OC
【解析】：根据所学可知Our teachers主语； think谓语； Jim宾语； the best student.补足语。故选D。
【答案】D
17．You will find ______ useful to learn even a little English.
A. it B. it was C. that D. this
【解析】
句意：你甚至会发现学习一点点英语都是有用的。it作为形式宾语，后面的不定式to learn作为真正的宾语，故选A
【答案】A
18．—It’s too hot．Would you mind the door? — ,please do it now．
A．to open, Ok B．opening, Certainly C．to open, Good idea D．opening, Of course not
【解析】根据语境可知此题考查的固定句型结构“Would you mind doing...?”此句型常用于表示请求时，意思是“请你做……你是否介意？”“请你做……好吗？”是一种比较客气的表达方式。如果要表示“请你不要做……你是否介意？”“请你不要做……好吗？”只需要在doing前面加上not。如果同意，表示不介意时，可用如下用语来表达：Certainly / Of course not. / Not at all. / No, not at all. 如果不同意，表示介意时，常用“Sorry / I'm sorry.”（对不起）及陈述某种理由来表示拒绝或反对。
【答案】B
19．—__________ do you have a test in school? —Every week．
A．How often B．How long C．How soon D．How far
【解析】根据答语very day可知询问的是频率，故用how often来提问，故选A。
【答案】A
20．—It is selfless the most beautiful teacher—Yang Xiangming to lose his life the child in the river.
—I think so, he is so great.
A. for; to save B. of; to save C. for; to saving D. of; to saving【出处：21教育名师】
【解析】it可指代下文内容做形式主语，其主要有两种形式：1、It's + 形容词 + of + sb + to do sth.这个句型，形容词一般为sb的所具有的一种品质性格。2、It's + 形容词 + for + sb + to do sth.这个句型,形容词不是sb所具备的品质性格。句意：为了救落水的孩子失去了生命，最美丽的老师杨向明是无私的。不定式作目的状语表示具体的将要进行的动作，故选B。
【答案】B
二、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1．I'm terribly sorry that I've kept you _________(wait) for so long.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
2．—My friend has ________(achieve) his goal after years of hard work. —Great!
3．I _______(go) to the countryside to see my grandmother this afternoon，so I can't go swimming with you.
4．—Would you mind my ________(use) your pen? —Of course not.Here you are.
5．—I think students should have mobile phones ______(call) their parents.
—I don't agree.They often use them to play games instead.
6．Listen! The country music ________(sound) so sweet.
7．The old man was so _______(excite) about the good news that he couldn't say a word.
8．Air pollution has become ______________(serious) than ever before.We must do something to stop it.
9．My father do exercise every day，so he looks __________(health)．
10．The roof of the house needs __________(repair)．It's raining now.
答案：
1. waiting2.achieved3.will go 4.using 5.to go 6. sounds 7.excited 8.more serious9. healthy 10.repairing
