介词是英语中比较活跃的词，它与名词、形容词、副词和动词等构成搭配时用法灵活，意义丰富。搭配比较活跃的介词主要有in, out, up, down, on, off, to, from, for, over, with等。
2018年高考介词的考查仍然会以介词的固定短语和介词辨析为主。在学习介词时，应重点掌握介词的基本用法，同时注意总结其与名词、形容词、副词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法。21cnjy.com
介词在英语中比较活跃，然而在高考中直接考查介词的题不是很多，但是介词却是考生最容易犯错误的语法项目之一。在高考考查中主要是对常用介词的辨析和对介词短语搭配的考查。
考点1 常见介词的活用
by, with, against, over, on, in, at, besides, for等是常考的介词。掌握这些介词的用法和意义，准确把握句子语境是解题的关键。下面是近年高考考查最多的几个介词，应重点掌握：
1. over可表位置，意为“在……上方；越过；遮住，盖住”，也可表时间，意为“在……期间；（多年）以来”等，它还有“在……（问题）上；对（某事）”等引申意义。如：
①You can’t wear a blue jacket over that shirt—It’ll look terrible．你不能在那件衬衣外面再穿上蓝色的夹克——太难看了。
②We had a pleasant chat over a cup of tea．我们一边喝茶一边愉快地交谈。
③We heard it over the radio．我们从广播中听到了它。
2.by的主要意思有“在……旁，靠近；乘(车、船等)；不迟于；到……为止；被，由；根据，按照(关系)；通过……方式”等，还可以用来表示增加或减少的程度。by构成的常见短语有：
by and by 不久，迟早 by and large 大体上
by oneself 单独 by the way 顺便说说
by far 到目前为止，最…… by chance 碰巧
by accident 偶然地 by means of 借助
by no means 绝不，一点也不 by mistake 错误地
①The water in the river rose by two meters．河水上涨了两米。
②He is an Englishman by birth．他在血统上是英国人。
3.with可以用来表示“带有，拥有；随着；就……来说；用，以；和，与；对于，关于“等意思。with还可用来表示原因。如：
①He turned red with anger.他气得脸变红了。
②The problem with looking into space from the earth is that there is a lot of dust in the earth’s air.从地球上观察太空存在一个问题，就是地球的大气中有大量的尘埃。
4．beyond表示“(时间)过了，比……晚，迟于；(位置)在……那边，超出……之外；(范围)超过，为……所不及，超出……的范围”等意思。如：21*cnjy*com
①They arrived beyond nine o’clock．他们过了9：00才到。
②The book is beyond me．这本书我看不懂。
③Tom is far beyond his elder brother in maths．汤姆的数学比他哥哥的好多了。
【典例】
Nick, it’s good for you to read some books __________China before you start your trip there.
A. in B. for C. of D. on
【答案】D
【解析】on 表示关于，some books on China意为”关于中国的一些书‘。句意：Nick,你在去中国旅行之前最好读一些关于中国的书。故选D。www.21-cn-jy.com
考点2 介词的固定搭配
高考主要考查学生对固定短语的掌握程度、对短语意义的了解以及介词在这些固定搭配中的应用。
1．名词词组：on the contrary相反；in turn依次；in one’s opinion根据某人的看法；off time准时；out of reach够不着2-1-c-n-j-y
2．动词词组：remind sb of sth提醒某人某事；rob sb of sth抢劫某人的……；result from由……引起；call at访问(某地)
3．形容词词组：be curious about对……好奇；be proud of因……而自豪；be popular with受到……的欢迎
4．介词短语：apart from除……以外；in addition to除……之外(还)；because of因为；instead of代替；in fear of为……提心吊胆；for fear of以免；in case of防备；thanks to由于；in the middle of在……中间；according to根据；in front of在……前面；in return for作为对……的回报；in charge of负责；as a result of作为……的结果；in exchange for与……交换等
【典例】
China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals ____all its citizens.
A. in charge of B. for the purpose of
C. in honor of D. for the benefit of
【答案】D
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：为了全球公民的利益，中国一直在推进公立医疗机构的改革。in charge of“负责，主管”，for the purpose of“为了……”；in honor of“向……表示敬意”；for the benefit of”为了……的利益“。
一、语法填空
1.【2017·全国卷Ⅱ】In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible ________ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and ________ work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method.21教育网
2.【2017·全国卷Ⅲ】After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree ________ engineering or architecture.
3.【2016·全国新课标I】But my connection with pandas goes back ______ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s.
4.【2016·全国新课标II】Most of us are more focused our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.
5.【2016·四川】The mother continued to care for the young panda more than two years.
二、短文改错
6.【2017·全国卷Ⅰ】It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.
7.【2017·全国卷Ⅱ】They have also bought for some gardening tools.
8.【2017·全国卷Ⅲ】When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies.
9.【2016·全国新课标I】My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time.21·世纪*教育网
10.【2016·全国新课标III】At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.
11.【2016·四川】Dad cleaned the house, and then went on shopping.
12.【2016·浙江】While they chat, my father would lift my sister and me up to sit in the top of the fridge.
一、语法填空
(山西省2017届高三下学期名校联考)Do you make friends 1 (easy)? Do a wall-sit test and you’ll find out.
Researchers at the University of Oxford did 2 study with 101 participants aged between 18 and 34. Participants first 3 (fill) out questionnaires about their social lives, and they were then asked 4 (press)against a wall with their 5 (knee) at right angles(直角)for as long as they could, 66 can be really painful.
The results showed that the longer participants held the position, the bigger 7 outer network or distant friends they contacted once or twice a month was. That was 8 the brain’s painkilling system is associated __9 both pain tolerance and social bonding, which means that the more active this system is, the 10 (good) you are at both.
二、短文改错
（安徽省2017届皖江名校联盟决战高考最后一卷）Organic foods are usually more expensive, makes people unwilling to spend the extra money. Besides, they do have certain advantages.
To begin with, farmers doesn’t use harmful chemicals on organically grown foods. As matter of fact, this is one of the reasons that organic foods are more expensive. Without such chemicals, they need more care to stay health.
Organically grown foods also had more nutrition than regular ones because the soil is careful done in a higher standard. According to study, organically grown foods provide with 21.1 percent more irons and 27 percent more vitamin C than regular ones on the average.
一、语法填空
Spreading an Infection
（山西省2018届高三上学期第二次名校联考）I’ve made it a habit to smile at people as often as possible, saying some kind words, “hello, thank you, have a nice day”, whatever fits. I have the right situation as I am living in ___1___ big city with many, many people.
I’m doing this for quite a while now, so I’ve seen all ___2___ (kind) of reactions, from people feeling ___3___ (threaten) by a friendly word, reacting ___4___ (angry) or even aggressively, to people ___5___ faces lit up with a huge smile and gave me the ___6___ (impress) that I’ve made this moment good for them.
Today something happened that I hadn’t yet experienced: Two people, complete strangers ___7___ me, one in the morning, one in the afternoon, whom 1 passed on the street without ___8___ (smile) at them,___9___ with a friendly face, looked up from their inner focus, looked at me, started to smile and greeted me friendly while they ___10___ (pass).
Have I started a “kindness virus”? That would be great! It makes my day, and I’m still smiling. I hope you do too!【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
二、短文改错
（辽宁省沈阳市郊联体2018届高三第一次联考）Sometimes there’s no so much work for you to deal with and you felt it’s beyond your ability to finish them. Actually, you can take measure to help yourself out. Firstly, list all the tasks which must be done and decide which one requires immediately attention. Secondly, divide the work into separate from parts so it’ll be easier for you to see whether each part is being accomplished as desiring. Besides, assign a little extra time for each task, such that the work will be carried out systematically. Finally, you’ll find sense of accomplishment will replace the anxious you felt at first.
参考答案
经典常规题
1.
【答案】crowds；from
【解题思路】第一空处考查名词复数。用crowds这一复数形式，表示不断涌现的人群，用来形容人口稠密。2·1·c·n·j·y
第二空处考查介词。与前面的介词to一起来表示上下班(to and from work)。
2.
【答案】in
【解题思路】考查介词。get a degree in是固定搭配，意为“在……方面获得学位”。
3.
【答案】to
【解题思路】考查介词。固定短语：go back to “回到”。
4.
【答案】on
【解题思路】考查固定搭配。形容词短语be focused on集中于......；很多人早晨对任务的注意力要比晚些时候的注意力更集中。【版权所有：21教育】
5.
【答案】for
【解题思路】句意：妈妈继续照顾小熊猫两年多。此处表示一段时间，故填for。
6.
【答案】suddenly改为sudden；on改为of
【解题思路】 第一处：考查形容词。 “我”紧急刹车。suddenly是副词，表示“意外地，忽然地”。 sudden为形容词，表示“突然的，迅速的”，修饰名词stop。a sudden stop表示“急刹车”。故将suddenly改为sudden。 21教育名师原创作品
第二处：考查介词。 分析语境可知作者表示“在路中间急刹车”。on the road表示“在路上”， the middle of the road表示“路的中央”，强调的是“the middle”。故将on改为of。
7.
【答案】去掉for
【解题思路】考查动词搭配。buy为及物动词，不能接介词for。
8.
【答案】删去of
【解题思路】考查介词。realize是及物动词，后接宾语不需要介词，故删去介词of。
9.
【答案】becoming前加of
【解题思路】考查介词。固定短语: dream of 梦想做某事。
10.
【答案】to改为for；whenever后加I
【解题思路】第一处：考查介词。leave sb for sb离开某地前往另一地，college是目的地，故把to改为for。第二处：考查状语从句。whenever引导让步状语从句，意为“无论何时，随时”，从句缺少主语，根据句意可知，这里指“我”需要父母的帮助，故在whenever后加I。
11.
【答案】去掉on
【解题思路】固定词组：go shopping 去购物。可知去掉on。
12.
【答案】chat改成chatted；in改成on
【解题思路】根据主句内容my father would lift my sister 可知while引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时态；21世纪教育网版权所有
on the top of…为固定搭配，意为“在……顶部”。故in改成on。
高频易错题
一、语法填空
【答案】
1.easily 2.a 3.filled 4.to press 5.knees
6.which 7.their 8.because 9.with 10.better
【解题思路】
1.副词修饰动词，故填easily。
2.句意：做了一项研究。故填a。
3.句意：参加者首先填写调查卷。根据句意可知用一般过去时态，故填filled。
4.固定结构：ask sb to do sth请求某人做某事。故填to press。
5.句意：用他们的膝盖。根据句意可知名词用复数形式，故填kness。
6.整个句子做先行词用which引导非限制性定语从句，故填which。
7.句意：参与者持有的时间越长，他们的外部网络就越大。此处用their指代“参与者的”，故填their。
8.句意：这是因为大脑的镇痛系统和对疼痛的忍耐力以及社会联系有关，此处是because引导的表语从句，故填because。www-2-1-cnjy-com
9.固定搭配：be associated with与……有联系，故填with。
10.固定句式：the+-比较级，the + 比较级。越……越……，可知用比较级，故填better。
二、短文改错
【答案】
Organic foods are usually more expensive, makes people unwilling to spend the extra money. Besides, they do
making However/Yet/Still21·cn·jy·com
have certain advantages.
To begin with, farmers doesn’t use harmful chemicals on organically grown foods. As matter of fact, this is
don’t a
one of the reasons that organic foods are more expensive. Without such chemicals, they need more care to stay health.
why healthy
Organically grown foods also had more nutrition than regular ones because the soil is careful done in a higher
have carefully
standard. According to study, organically grown foods provide with 21.1 percent more irons and 27 percent more
iron
vitamin C than regular ones on the average.
【解题思路】
这篇短文介绍有机食品通常比较贵, 但比一般的食物有更多的营养。
1.此处是分词作结果状语，make与逻辑主语organic foods之间是主动关系，应该用现在分词。故把makes改为making。
2.根据上下句意思可知此处用表示转折的词，besides另外，而且。故把Besides改为However/Yet/Still。21*cnjy*com
3.整篇短文应该使用一般现在时，主语是复数可数名词，谓语助动词应该用don’t,故把doesn’t改为don’t。【出处：21教育名师】
4.as a matter of fact是固定短语，译为事实上，实际上。故加上a。
5.该处是定语从句，reasons是先行词，关系词在从句中作原因状语，应该用关系副词why,故把that改为why。
6.stay healthy保持健康，stay作系动词，后面用形容词作表语，health名词应该改为形容词。故把health改为healthy。
7.根据全文时态以及从句“because the soil is careful done in a higher standard.”的时态可知，主句应该用一般现在时，主语Organically grown foods是可数名词复数，谓语用动词原形。故把had改为have。
8.该处修饰谓语is done，应该用副词修饰谓语动词，careful是形容词，改为副词是carefully，故把careful改为carefully。
9.provide意为提供，是及物动词，后面直接跟宾语。故把with去掉。
10.iron铁，是不可数名词。故把irons改为iron。
精准预测题
一、语法填空题
【答案】
1. a 2. kinds 3. threatened 4. angrily 5. whose
6. impression 7. to 8. smiling 9. but 10. were passing
【解题思路】
本文告诉人们，对人要面带微笑，说友好的话。
1. 句意：我和很多人住在一个大城市。此处表示泛指，故答案为a。
2. 固定词组：all kinds of各种各样的，故答案为kinds。
3. feel threatened 感到恐惧，可知答案为threatened。
4. 副词修饰动词，可知答案为angrily。
5. 句意：生气地甚至带攻击性地对待那些面带微笑的人们。此处people做先行词，在后面的定语从句中做定语，可知用关系代词whose。
6. 冠词用在名词前面，名词后面是that引导的同位语从句，故答案为impression。
7. 句意：这两个人对我来说完全是陌生的。根据句意可知答案为to。
8. without doing sth．可知答案为smiling。
9. 根据下文可知：两个陌生人带着友好的面孔，从我身边经过时，微笑着，友好地问候我。与自己的态度截然相反，可知此处表示转折，故答案为but。
10. 句意：当他们从我身边经过时。while在……期间，表示一段时间，可知用过去进行时态。
二、短文改错
【答案】
Sometimes there’s no so much work for you to deal with and you felt it’s beyond your ability to finish them.
feel it
Actually, you can take measure to help yourself out. Firstly, list all the tasks which must be done and decide which
measures that
one requires immediately attention. Secondly, divide the work into separate from parts so it’ll be easier for you to see
immediate
whether each part is being accomplished as desiring. Besides, assign a little extra time for each task, such that the
desired so
work will be carried out systematically. Finally, you’ll find sense of accomplishment will replace the anxious you
a/the anxiety【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
felt at first.
【解题思路】
这篇短文介绍有时会你会处理很多工作而感到超出自己的能力，我们可以采取一些措施帮助自己。
1.and连接两个并列的分句，前一句用一般现在时，结合语境可知后半句也应该用一般现在时。故把felt改为feel。
2.根据语境可知them指的是so much work，work不可数名词，因此此处用it代替。故把them改为it。
3.take measures表示采取各种措施，take the measure表示具体采取某种措施，根据语境可知此处表示采取各种措施，因此用take measures。故把measure改为measures。
4.该句中“which must be done”是定语从句，先行词是“all the tasks”，当先行词被all，every，no，some，any，little等修饰，关系代词用that。故把which改为that。
5.该处immediately修饰名词attention，应该用形容词修饰名词，immediately的形容词为immediate。故把immediately改为immediate。
6.该句表示把工作分成分开的部分，separate在此处是形容词，译为“分开的”，修饰parts，from多余。故把from去掉。
7.句意：把工作分成不同的部分，这样你就能更容易地看出每个部分是否都是按要求完成的。as引导省略的状语从句，desire与其逻辑主语each part之间是被动关系，用过去分词desired表示被动。故把desiring改为desired。
8. such …that是固定短语，与so…that都译为“如此……以至于”，so that引导结果状语从句，译为“因此”。故把such改为so。
9.表示“一种……的感觉”应该用a sense of…故加上a。
10.此处表示“取代你最初的焦虑感”，the anxious 在句中作replace后面的宾语，应该用名词，anxious名词形式为anxiety。故把anxious改为anxiety。
介词是英语中比较活跃的词，它与名词、形容词、副词和动词等构成搭配时用法灵活，意义丰富。搭配比较活跃的介词主要有in, out, up, down, on, off, to, from, for, over, with等。
2018年高考介词的考查仍然会以介词的固定短语和介词辨析为主。在学习介词时，应重点掌握介词的基本用法，同时注意总结其与名词、形容词、副词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法。21教育网
介词在英语中比较活跃，然而在高考中直接考查介词的题不是很多，但是介词却是考生最容易犯错误的语法项目之一。在高考考查中主要是对常用介词的辨析和对介词短语搭配的考查。2-1-c-n-j-y
考点1 常见介词的活用
by, with, against, over, on, in, at, besides, for等是常考的介词。掌握这些介词的用法和意义，准确把握句子语境是解题的关键。下面是近年高考考查最多的几个介词，应重点掌握：
1. over可表位置，意为“在……上方；越过；遮住，盖住”，也可表时间，意为“在……期间；（多年）以来”等，它还有“在……（问题）上；对（某事）”等引申意义。如：
①You can’t wear a blue jacket over that shirt—It’ll look terrible．你不能在那件衬衣外面再穿上蓝色的夹克——太难看了。【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
②We had a pleasant chat over a cup of tea．我们一边喝茶一边愉快地交谈。
③We heard it over the radio．我们从广播中听到了它。
2.by的主要意思有“在……旁，靠近；乘(车、船等)；不迟于；到……为止；被，由；根据，按照(关系)；通过……方式”等，还可以用来表示增加或减少的程度。by构成的常见短语有：
by and by 不久，迟早 by and large 大体上
by oneself 单独 by the way 顺便说说
by far 到目前为止，最…… by chance 碰巧
by accident 偶然地 by means of 借助
by no means 绝不，一点也不 by mistake 错误地
①The water in the river rose by two meters．河水上涨了两米。
②He is an Englishman by birth．他在血统上是英国人。
3.with可以用来表示“带有，拥有；随着；就……来说；用，以；和，与；对于，关于“等意思。with还可用来表示原因。如：
①He turned red with anger.他气得脸变红了。
②The problem with looking into space from the earth is that there is a lot of dust in the earth’s air.从地球上观察太空存在一个问题，就是地球的大气中有大量的尘埃。
4．beyond表示“(时间)过了，比……晚，迟于；(位置)在……那边，超出……之外；(范围)超过，为……所不及，超出……的范围”等意思。如：
①They arrived beyond nine o’clock．他们过了9：00才到。
②The book is beyond me．这本书我看不懂。
③Tom is far beyond his elder brother in maths．汤姆的数学比他哥哥的好多了。
【典例】
Nick, it’s good for you to read some books __________China before you start your trip there.
A. in B. for C. of D. on
【答案】D
【解析】on 表示关于，some books on China意为”关于中国的一些书‘。句意：Nick,你在去中国旅行之前最好读一些关于中国的书。故选D。
考点2 介词的固定搭配
高考主要考查学生对固定短语的掌握程度、对短语意义的了解以及介词在这些固定搭配中的应用。
1．名词词组：on the contrary相反；in turn依次；in one’s opinion根据某人的看法；off time准时；out of reach够不着21教育名师原创作品
2．动词词组：remind sb of sth提醒某人某事；rob sb of sth抢劫某人的……；result from由……引起；call at访问(某地)
3．形容词词组：be curious about对……好奇；be proud of因……而自豪；be popular with受到……的欢迎
4．介词短语：apart from除……以外；in addition to除……之外(还)；because of因为；instead of代替；in fear of为……提心吊胆；for fear of以免；in case of防备；thanks to由于；in the middle of在……中间；according to根据；in front of在……前面；in return for作为对……的回报；in charge of负责；as a result of作为……的结果；in exchange for与……交换等
【典例】
China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals ____all its citizens.
A. in charge of B. for the purpose of
C. in honor of D. for the benefit of
【答案】D
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：为了全球公民的利益，中国一直在推进公立医疗机构的改革。in charge of“负责，主管”，for the purpose of“为了……”；in honor of“向……表示敬意”；for the benefit of”为了……的利益“。
一、语法填空
1.【2017·全国卷Ⅱ】In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible ________ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and ________ work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method.
【答案】crowds；from
【解题思路】第一空处考查名词复数。用crowds这一复数形式，表示不断涌现的人群，用来形容人口稠密。
第二空处考查介词。与前面的介词to一起来表示上下班(to and from work)。
2.【2017·全国卷Ⅲ】After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree ________ engineering or architecture.21*cnjy*com
【答案】in
【解题思路】考查介词。get a degree in是固定搭配，意为“在……方面获得学位”。
3.【2016·全国新课标I】But my connection with pandas goes back ______ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s.
【答案】to
【解题思路】考查介词。固定短语：go back to “回到”。
4.【2016·全国新课标II】Most of us are more focused our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.
【答案】on
【解题思路】考查固定搭配。形容词短语be focused on集中于......；很多人早晨对任务的注意力要比晚些时候的注意力更集中。【出处：21教育名师】
5.【2016·四川】The mother continued to care for the young panda more than two years.
【答案】for
【解题思路】句意：妈妈继续照顾小熊猫两年多。此处表示一段时间，故填for。
二、短文改错
6.【2017·全国卷Ⅰ】It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.
【答案】suddenly改为sudden；on改为of
【解题思路】 第一处：考查形容词。 “我”紧急刹车。suddenly是副词，表示“意外地，忽然地”。 sudden为形容词，表示“突然的，迅速的”，修饰名词stop。a sudden stop表示“急刹车”。故将suddenly改为sudden。 www-2-1-cnjy-com
第二处：考查介词。 分析语境可知作者表示“在路中间急刹车”。on the road表示“在路上”， the middle of the road表示“路的中央”，强调的是“the middle”。故将on改为of。
7.【2017·全国卷Ⅱ】They have also bought for some gardening tools.2·1·c·n·j·y
【答案】去掉for
【解题思路】考查动词搭配。buy为及物动词，不能接介词for。
8.【2017·全国卷Ⅲ】When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies.
【答案】删去of
【解题思路】考查介词。realize是及物动词，后接宾语不需要介词，故删去介词of。
9.【2016·全国新课标I】My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time.21·cn·jy·com
【答案】becoming前加of
【解题思路】考查介词。固定短语: dream of 梦想做某事。
10.【2016·全国新课标III】At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.
【答案】to改为for；whenever后加I
【解题思路】第一处：考查介词。leave sb for sb离开某地前往另一地，college是目的地，故把to改为for。第二处：考查状语从句。whenever引导让步状语从句，意为“无论何时，随时”，从句缺少主语，根据句意可知，这里指“我”需要父母的帮助，故在whenever后加I。
11.【2016·四川】Dad cleaned the house, and then went on shopping.
【答案】去掉on
【解题思路】固定词组：go shopping 去购物。可知去掉on。
12.【2016·浙江】While they chat, my father would lift my sister and me up to sit in the top of the fridge.
【答案】chat改成chatted；in改成on
【解题思路】根据主句内容my father would lift my sister 可知while引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时态；【版权所有：21教育】
on the top of…为固定搭配，意为“在……顶部”。故in改成on。
一、语法填空
(山西省2017届高三下学期名校联考)Do you make friends 1 (easy)? Do a wall-sit test and you’ll find out.
Researchers at the University of Oxford did 2 study with 101 participants aged between 18 and 34. Participants first 3 (fill) out questionnaires about their social lives, and they were then asked 4 (press)against a wall with their 5 (knee) at right angles(直角)for as long as they could, 66 can be really painful.
The results showed that the longer participants held the position, the bigger 7 outer network or distant friends they contacted once or twice a month was. That was 8 the brain’s painkilling system is associated __9 both pain tolerance and social bonding, which means that the more active this system is, the 10 (good) you are at both.
【答案】
1.easily 2.a 3.filled 4.to press 5.knees
6.which 7.their 8.because 9.with 10.better
【解题思路】
1.副词修饰动词，故填easily。
2.句意：做了一项研究。故填a。
3.句意：参加者首先填写调查卷。根据句意可知用一般过去时态，故填filled。
4.固定结构：ask sb to do sth请求某人做某事。故填to press。
5.句意：用他们的膝盖。根据句意可知名词用复数形式，故填kness。
6.整个句子做先行词用which引导非限制性定语从句，故填which。
7.句意：参与者持有的时间越长，他们的外部网络就越大。此处用their指代“参与者的”，故填their。
8.句意：这是因为大脑的镇痛系统和对疼痛的忍耐力以及社会联系有关，此处是because引导的表语从句，故填because。
9.固定搭配：be associated with与……有联系，故填with。
10.固定句式：the+-比较级，the + 比较级。越……越……，可知用比较级，故填better。
二、短文改错
（安徽省2017届皖江名校联盟决战高考最后一卷）Organic foods are usually more expensive, makes people unwilling to spend the extra money. Besides, they do have certain advantages.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
To begin with, farmers doesn’t use harmful chemicals on organically grown foods. As matter of fact, this is one of the reasons that organic foods are more expensive. Without such chemicals, they need more care to stay health.
Organically grown foods also had more nutrition than regular ones because the soil is careful done in a higher standard. According to study, organically grown foods provide with 21.1 percent more irons and 27 percent more vitamin C than regular ones on the average.
【答案】
Organic foods are usually more expensive, makes people unwilling to spend the extra money. Besides, they do 21·世纪*教育网
making However/Yet/Still
have certain advantages.
To begin with, farmers doesn’t use harmful chemicals on organically grown foods. As matter of fact, this is
don’t a
one of the reasons that organic foods are more expensive. Without such chemicals, they need more care to stay health.
why healthy
Organically grown foods also had more nutrition than regular ones because the soil is careful done in a higher
have carefully
standard. According to study, organically grown foods provide with 21.1 percent more irons and 27 percent more www.21-cn-jy.com
iron
vitamin C than regular ones on the average.
【解题思路】
这篇短文介绍有机食品通常比较贵, 但比一般的食物有更多的营养。
1.此处是分词作结果状语，make与逻辑主语organic foods之间是主动关系，应该用现在分词。故把makes改为making。
2.根据上下句意思可知此处用表示转折的词，besides另外，而且。故把Besides改为However/Yet/Still。
3.整篇短文应该使用一般现在时，主语是复数可数名词，谓语助动词应该用don’t,故把doesn’t改为don’t。
4.as a matter of fact是固定短语，译为事实上，实际上。故加上a。
5.该处是定语从句，reasons是先行词，关系词在从句中作原因状语，应该用关系副词why,故把that改为why。
6.stay healthy保持健康，stay作系动词，后面用形容词作表语，health名词应该改为形容词。故把health改为healthy。
7.根据全文时态以及从句“because the soil is careful done in a higher standard.”的时态可知，主句应该用一般现在时，主语Organically grown foods是可数名词复数，谓语用动词原形。故把had改为have。
8.该处修饰谓语is done，应该用副词修饰谓语动词，careful是形容词，改为副词是carefully，故把careful改为carefully。
9.provide意为提供，是及物动词，后面直接跟宾语。故把with去掉。
10.iron铁，是不可数名词。故把irons改为iron。
一、语法填空
Spreading an Infection
（山西省2018届高三上学期第二次名校联考）I’ve made it a habit to smile at people as often as possible, saying some kind words, “hello, thank you, have a nice day”, whatever fits. I have the right situation as I am living in ___1___ big city with many, many people.
I’m doing this for quite a while now, so I’ve seen all ___2___ (kind) of reactions, from people feeling ___3___ (threaten) by a friendly word, reacting ___4___ (angry) or even aggressively, to people ___5___ faces lit up with a huge smile and gave me the ___6___ (impress) that I’ve made this moment good for them.
Today something happened that I hadn’t yet experienced: Two people, complete strangers ___7___ me, one in the morning, one in the afternoon, whom 1 passed on the street without ___8___ (smile) at them,___9___ with a friendly face, looked up from their inner focus, looked at me, started to smile and greeted me friendly while they ___10___ (pass).
Have I started a “kindness virus”? That would be great! It makes my day, and I’m still smiling. I hope you do too!
【答案】
1. a 2. kinds 3. threatened 4. angrily 5. whose
6. impression 7. to 8. smiling 9. but 10. were passing
【解题思路】
本文告诉人们，对人要面带微笑，说友好的话。
1. 句意：我和很多人住在一个大城市。此处表示泛指，故答案为a。
2. 固定词组：all kinds of各种各样的，故答案为kinds。
3. feel threatened 感到恐惧，可知答案为threatened。
4. 副词修饰动词，可知答案为angrily。
5. 句意：生气地甚至带攻击性地对待那些面带微笑的人们。此处people做先行词，在后面的定语从句中做定语，可知用关系代词whose。21cnjy.com
6. 冠词用在名词前面，名词后面是that引导的同位语从句，故答案为impression。
7. 句意：这两个人对我来说完全是陌生的。根据句意可知答案为to。
8. without doing sth．可知答案为smiling。
9. 根据下文可知：两个陌生人带着友好的面孔，从我身边经过时，微笑着，友好地问候我。与自己的态度截然相反，可知此处表示转折，故答案为but。21*cnjy*com
10. 句意：当他们从我身边经过时。while在……期间，表示一段时间，可知用过去进行时态。
二、短文改错
（辽宁省沈阳市郊联体2018届高三第一次联考）Sometimes there’s no so much work for you to deal with and you felt it’s beyond your ability to finish them. Actually, you can take measure to help yourself out. Firstly, list all the tasks which must be done and decide which one requires immediately attention. Secondly, divide the work into separate from parts so it’ll be easier for you to see whether each part is being accomplished as desiring. Besides, assign a little extra time for each task, such that the work will be carried out systematically. Finally, you’ll find sense of accomplishment will replace the anxious you felt at first.
【答案】
Sometimes there’s no so much work for you to deal with and you felt it’s beyond your ability to finish them.
feel it
Actually, you can take measure to help yourself out. Firstly, list all the tasks which must be done and decide which
measures that
one requires immediately attention. Secondly, divide the work into separate from parts so it’ll be easier for you to see
immediate
whether each part is being accomplished as desiring. Besides, assign a little extra time for each task, such that the
desired so
work will be carried out systematically. Finally, you’ll find sense of accomplishment will replace the anxious you
a/the anxiety
felt at first.
【解题思路】
这篇短文介绍有时会你会处理很多工作而感到超出自己的能力，我们可以采取一些措施帮助自己。
1.and连接两个并列的分句，前一句用一般现在时，结合语境可知后半句也应该用一般现在时。故把felt改为feel。
2.根据语境可知them指的是so much work，work不可数名词，因此此处用it代替。故把them改为it。
3.take measures表示采取各种措施，take the measure表示具体采取某种措施，根据语境可知此处表示采取各种措施，因此用take measures。故把measure改为measures。
4.该句中“which must be done”是定语从句，先行词是“all the tasks”，当先行词被all，every，no，some，any，little等修饰，关系代词用that。故把which改为that。
5.该处immediately修饰名词attention，应该用形容词修饰名词，immediately的形容词为immediate。故把immediately改为immediate。21世纪教育网版权所有
6.该句表示把工作分成分开的部分，separate在此处是形容词，译为“分开的”，修饰parts，from多余。故把from去掉。
7.句意：把工作分成不同的部分，这样你就能更容易地看出每个部分是否都是按要求完成的。as引导省略的状语从句，desire与其逻辑主语each part之间是被动关系，用过去分词desired表示被动。故把desiring改为desired。
8. such …that是固定短语，与so…that都译为“如此……以至于”，so that引导结果状语从句，译为“因此”。故把such改为so。
9.表示“一种……的感觉”应该用a sense of…故加上a。
10.此处表示“取代你最初的焦虑感”，the anxious 在句中作replace后面的宾语，应该用名词，anxious名词形式为anxiety。故把anxious改为anxiety。
