动词是英语词汇中的核心，而动词及其构成的短语一直是高考中的热点和难点。它的用法最灵活，其种类比较多，形式复杂。每年高考中对动词短语和动词的考查都会出现2?4道试题，难度也大。
2018年高考中特别要注意动词及其和介词、副词的搭配，以及构成的固定短语， 要注意这些短语的意思，同时要在具体的语境中灵话地加以使用。
动词及其词组的灵活运用是英语的特色之一，也是学生学习中的难点，因此每年均为测试的重点。在历年高考试题中动词所占的比例最大，设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语意义的理解和运用。
考点1 动词词义辨析
这类试题的四个选项是在结构上都很相近的动词。要做好这类试题，必须明确各个动词的词义和用法，然后根据题意需要选用合适的动词。
【典例】
I’m afraid you will have to pay an extra amount to __________the cost of insurance.
A. cover B. spend C. fill D. offer
【答案】A
【解析】句意：恐怕你要付额外的钱来支付保险费。此处cover足以支付；spend花费；fill充满；offer提供。根据句意，故选A。
考点2 近义动词辨析
这类试题的四个选项无论在意义上还是在结构上都是很相近的动词。面对这类试题，必须要从四个动词的语义差别、用法特点等入手才能选出符合题意的动词。
【典例】
Jackson refused to accept the reward because he thought he didn’t ____the honor.
A. hold. B. obtain. C. deserve. D. achieve.
【答案】C
【解析】此处hold握住；obtain获得；deserve值得，相配； achieve取得成就。句意：杰克逊拒绝领奖，是因为他觉得自己不配（deserve）得到这个荣誉。根据句意，故选C。
考点3 考查动词与其宾语的固定搭配
英语中有许多动词与其宾语有固定的搭配和习惯用法。碰到这类试题时，解答的关键是弄清题意，然后根据题意选择符合固定搭配或习惯用法的动词。
【典例】
With modem equipment, many mysteries have________to light in recent years.
A. bought B. Come C. thrown D. appeared
【答案】B
【解析】题意为“由于有现代化的设备，近年来许多谜团被揭开”。“揭露，将……曝光”是come to light，故选B。
考点4 动词与其宾补的固定搭配
英语中有些动词后跟宾补时，有其固定搭配，如let/have/make sb. do sth.，get/force sb. to do sth.，allow/permit/forbid sb. to do sth.等。解答这类试题的关键是分析句子结构，找到作宾补的不定式，然后看不定式前是否有不定式符号to，最后确定该用什么动词。
【典例】
The card reads: “Dear Mom and Dad, they are _______ everyone write home. Love, Joey.”
A. advising B. suggesting
C. letting D. Making
【答案】D
【解析】分析句子结构可知，空缺处后面的write home是无to的不定式，作everyone 的宾语补足语，由此可排除A项；suggest后面不跟不定式作宾补，更不用说无to的不定式，由此排除B项；let作为使役动词时，无进行时态，也排除；只有make后面跟无to的不定式作宾补的，所以答案为D。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
考点5 系动词
动词作系动词用时，后面常接形容词、名词、分词和不定式等，此时动词没有进行时和被动语态。这类动词有：appear, become, feel, look, sound, seem, taste, prove, remain, stay, smell, grow, turn, go, come, fall, stand, lie, exist等。解答这类试题的关键首先是弄清题意，然后是分析句子结构，由此可判断出该动词是否用作系动词，最后确定所要填入的答案。
【典例】
The effect of the medicine on this kind of disease remains _______.
A. seen B. to be seen
C. seeing D. to see
【答案】B
【解析】题意为“这种药对这种疾病的效果尚待观察”由题意可知，remain在此用作系动词，且see这一动作还没有发生，答案锁定在B和D中间；the effect和see 之间是被动关系，所以答案为B。
考点6 同根动词短语的辨析
这类试题的四个选项都是由同一个动词加不同的介词或副词构成。从历年高考试题来看，那些搭配能力强、语义丰富的常用动词短语是命题的重点对象。解答这类试题时，一定要在理解语境的基础上，从语义逻辑、固定搭配、前后关系等角度去确定答案。
【典例】
How I wish that I could _____________my ideas in simple and wonderful English when chatting on the net.21·世纪*教育网
A. set out B. set off
C. set in D. setup
【答案】A
【解析】题意为“我多么希望在网上聊天时能用简单而又漂亮的英语表达我的思想啊”。由题意可知，空缺处应该是“表达；解释”之意，而四个选项中只有set out 有此意，故答案为A。
考点7 同根介词或副词的动词短语的辨析
这类试题的四个选项是由不同的动词加相同的介词或副词构成。解答这类试题的关键首先还是弄清题意，然后选出符合题意和句子结构需要的动词短语。
【典例】
You can't predict everything．Often things don't as you expect．
A．work out B．set out C．figure out D．put out
【答案】A
【解析】句意：你不能预测一切。结果常常不像你期待的那样。此处work out意味：结果…。set out意为：动身，启程；开始工作；figure out意为：弄明白；put out意为：熄灭。根据句意选A。
考点8 不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析
这类试题的四个选项是由四个不同的动词构成的动词短语。解答这类试题的关键是 根据题千意思，选出符合题意的动词短语。
【典例】
The society today offers the young generation more chances to _______ their talent and skills.
A. give out B. take in
C. show off D. carry on
【答案】C
【解析】题意为“当今社会给年轻一代提供了更多的机会来展示他们的才能和技能。”由题意可知，空缺处应该是“炫耀；展示”之意，故答案为C。www.21-cn-jy.com
考点9 “动词+副词+介词”短语的辨析
这类试题的四个选项要么是四个不同动词，但副词相同、介词不同的动词短语；要么是四个动词相同、副词相同、介词不同的动词短语。解答这类试题时，弄清题意诚然重要，但还要注意该短语的尾词是介词、副词还是不定式符号to，切忌想当然。
【典例】
一Do you know the plan his daughter will ________ spread a lot?
一Really? I don ’ t know it yet.
A. get down to B. come up to
C. live up to D. look up to
【答案】A
【解析】分析题意为“你知道他女儿将要着手做的那个计划已经传开了吗？”“真的？我还不知道。”四个选项中，get down to，“着手做”；come up to，“不亚于；相等”；live up to，“不辜负；达到高标准”；look up to，“尊敬”。由此可知，只有A项符合题意。句中的his daughter will get down to是定语从句，修饰先行词the plan。故答案为C。
单项选择
1.【2017·天津卷】Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter _____, get married, and have kids.21cnjy.com
A. settled down B. keep off C. get up D. cut in21*cnjy*com
2.【2017·江苏卷】30. A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help _______ your year ahead.【出处：21教育名师】
A. shape B. switch C. stretch D. sharpen
3.【2017·江苏卷】Working with the medical team in Africa has _______ the best in her as a doctor.
A. held out B. brought out C. picked out D. given out
4.【2016·江苏】He did not ______ easily, but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.
A. approach B. wrestle C. compromise D. communicate
5.【2016·江苏】Many businesses started up by college students have ________thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.
A. fallen off B. taken off C. turned off D. left off
6.【2016·江苏】Parents should actively urge their children to______the opportunity to join sports teams.
A. gain admission to B. keep track of C. take advantage of D. give rise to
7.【2016·天津】 Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she ____ her opinion on the subject.
A. gave voice to B. kept an eye on
C. turned a deaf ear of D. set foot on
8.【2016·天津】I’m going to _____ advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle.
A. put B. make C. take D. give
9.【2016·天津】 I hate it when she calls me at work—I’m always too busy to _____ a conversation with her.
A. carry on B. break into C. turn down D. cut off
10.【2016·浙江】We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite , rather than _______ us.
A. divide B. reject C. control D. abandon
11.【2016·浙江】When their children lived far away from them, these old people felt ______from the world.
A. carried away B. broken down C. cut off D. brought up
12.【2016·浙江】 When the time came to make the final decision for a course , I decided to apply for the one that ______my interest.
A. limited B. reserved C. reflected D. spoiled
13.【2015·浙江】If steel is heavier than water, why are ships able to on the sea?
A. float B. drown C. shrink D. split14.【2015·浙江】We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or our emotions than for straight facts.
A. block off. B. appeal to C. subscribe to D. come acrosswww-2-1-cnjy-com
15.【2015·浙江】Body language can a lot about your mood, so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.
A. take away B. throw away C. put away D. give away
16.【2017·江苏卷】 A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help _______ your year ahead.
A. shape B. switch C. stretch D. sharpen
17.【2017·江苏】Working with the medical team in Africa has _______ the best in her as a doctor.
A. held out B. brought out C. picked out D. given out
18.【2016·江苏】Many businesses started up by college students have ________thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.
A. fallen off B. taken off C. turned off D. left off
19.【2016·江苏】Parents should actively urge their children to______the opportunity to join sports teams.
A. gain admission to B. keep track of C. take advantage of D. give rise to
20.【2016·天津】Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she ____ her opinion on the subject.
A. gave voice to B. kept an eye on
C. turned a deaf ear of D. set foot on
完形填空
（湖南省2017届高三下学期长沙一中等六校联考）“I won’t stop learning new things ____21____I die,” 105-year-old Zhao Muhe told domestic media.
He got his first bachelor’s and master’s degrees in his ____22____, and is now working on his PhD. He traveled the world after ____23____and learnt to use the Internet.
Zhao, born in Shandong in 1912, moved ____24____ Taiwan at 39, and found a non-teaching job at National Kaohsiung Normal University. Almost 30 years later, he retired from the university. That's ____25____ the time for people to begin a peaceful but boring pensioner's life, ____26____with friends and looking after grandchildren. ___27___that was not for Zhao.
He decided to go to ___28___ university, this time to study. Zhao ___29___the National Open University in Taiwan in 1999. He commuted to school by bike every day, never ___30___ a single class. He studied ____31____ into the night, and it only took him four years to finish the 128 academic ___32___ required to graduate with an arts degree, which he did at the age of 91.
Several years later, Zhao decided to ___33___ his studies. He passed the entrance examination for Nanhua University in Taiwan and got a ____34____ in philosophy two years later. He is now auditing classes at National Tsing Hua University in Taiwan ____35____ he prepares to earn a doctorate degree. He thinks it's ____36____ too late to learn.21*cnjy*com
___37___ studying, he also fulfilled his dream of touring the world. Now he is learning to use a ___38___. "Internet is no use for a dying man like ___39___, bro," his fellow pensioner said humorously to him. "But I'm still ____40____," he replied with laughter.
21. A. because B. if C. when D. unless
22. A. eighties B. twenties C. nineties D. thirties
23. A. adjustment B. retirement C. presentation D. examination
24. A. to B. away C. out of D. from
25. A. suddenly B. gradually C. normally D. typically
26. A. hanging up B. hanging out C. hanging down D. hanging over
27. A. But B. And C. So D. For
28. A. another B. each C. that D. his
29. A. arrived at B. graduated from C. studied D. attended
30. A. sharing B. refusing C. stopping D. missing
31. A. later B. late C. latest D. lately
32. A. reports B. lessons C. credits D. notes
33. A. get on with B. put off C. reunite D. continue
34. A. master’s degree B. bachelor’s degree C. doctor’s degree D. teacher’s degree2·1·c·n·j·y
35. A. when B. after C. before D. as
36. A. ever B. never C. still D. yet
37. A. In case of B. By means of C. In addition of D. In spite of
38. A. computer B. camera C. shaver D. bike
39. A. him B. her C. you D. it
40. A. awake B. alive C. asleep D. alone
完形填空
Life Struggle
（河南省许昌平顶山2018届高三联考）Once upon a time, there was a kind old man who loved everything. One day while walking through the woods the ___21___ old man found a cocoon of a butterfly. He took it home. A few days later, a small ___22___ appeared. He sat and watched the butterfly for several hours as it ___23___ to force its body through that little hole. Then it seemed to stop ___24___ any progress. It appeared ___25___ it had gotten as far as it could and it could go no ___26___. Then the man decided to ___27___ the butterfly, so he took a pair of scissors and ___28___ the remaining bit of the cocoon. The butterfly then appeared ___29___.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
But it had a swollen body and small,___30___ wings. The man continued to ___31___ the butterfly because he expected that, at any moment, the wings would enlarge an ___32___ to be able to support the body.___33___ happened! In fact, the butterfly ___34___ the rest of its life crawling around with a swollen body and wrinkled wings. It never was ___35___ to fly.
The man did not understand that the restricting ___36___ and the struggle required for the butterfly to ___37___ the tiny opening were Nature’s way of forcing fluid from the body of the butterfly into its wings so that it would be ___38___ for flight from the cocoon. Sometimes struggles are exactly what we need in our ___39___. If we were allowed to go through our life without any ___40___, it would not be as strong as what we could have been. And we could never fly.【版权所有：21教育】
21. A. nice B. cruel C. serious D. small
22. A. butterfly B. opening C. body D. worm
23. A. hoped B. decided C. refused D. struggled
24. A. taking B. owning C. making D. putting
25. A. as if B. even if C. only if D. if only
26. A. longer B. more C. farther D. less
27. A. beat B. help C. kill D. throw
28. A. cut across B. cut up C. cut down D. cut off
29. A. willingly B. happily C. easily D. difficultly
30. A. wrinkled B. strong C. skillful D. comfortable
31. A. decorate B. watch C. praise D. fly
32. A. require B. expect C. encourage D. expand
33. A. Something B. Anything C. Nothing D. Everything
34. A. took B. spent C. cost D. paid
35. A. glad B. free C. afraid D. able
36. A. cocoon B. time C. space D. stage
37. A. get across B. get through C. get in D. get down
38. A. helpful B. accessible C. ready D. careful
39. A. communication B. dream C. childhood D. life
40. A. difficulty B. income C. regrets D. appointment
参考答案
经典常规题
1.
【答案】A
【解题思路】句意：布朗先生和夫人想要看到他们的女儿安顿下来，结婚生子。A.安顿下来；B.远离；C.起床；D.擦嘴。根据句意，故选A。21世纪教育网版权所有
2.
【答案】A
【解题思路】考查动词的辨析。A. shape塑造，决定……的形成，影响……的发展；B. switch转变，交换，21教育网
调班；C. stretch拉长，拉紧，伸展，伸长，延伸消耗；D. sharpen提高，使尖锐，变得清晰。句意：快速
回顾一年的成败将会决定来年的发展。故选A。
3.
【答案】B
【解题思路】考查动词短语辨析。held out坚持；提供机会；伸出手；B. brought out使显现，阐明，出版；
C.picked out使容易看见，找出精心挑选，认出来；D. given out用完，停止运行，分发，发出，公布。句21·cn·jy·com
意：在非洲同医疗队一起工作已经使她表现出了作为医生最好的一面。这里取“使显现”之意，故选B。
4.
【答案】C
【解题思路】考查动词辨析。动词approach靠近，接近；wrestle摔跤，斗争，努力解决；compromise妥协；和解；让步；communicate交流；句意：他并不容易妥协，但是对于正义的事业，他愿意接受任何建设性的建议。根据句意可知C项正确。
5.
【答案】B
【解题思路】考查动词短语辨析。短语fall off跌落，下降；take off起飞，成功，受欢迎；turn off关闭；leave off停止，中断；句意：由于良好的创业环境，很多大学生创办的生意都很成功。根据句意可知B项正确。
6.
【答案】C
【解题思路】考查短语辨析。动词短语gain admission to 获准进入；keep track of记录；take advantage of利用；give rise to引起；句意：父母亲应该积极鼓励孩子抓住机会参加体育活动。根据句意可知C项正确。
7.
【答案】A
【解题思路】考句意：玛丽在讨论的前一部分是沉默的，但是最后她说出自己对这个话题的观点。A. 将……说出，透露，表明；B. 注意，照看；C.对......充耳不闻；D.踏上。根据语境，故选A。
8.
【答案】C
【解题思路】句意：我要利用这次旅行来探索这个城堡的历史。使用短语take advantage of，意为“利用”，其他选项不能和advantage of搭配。故选C。
9.
【答案】A
【解题思路】句意：我讨厌她在上班的时候给我打电话。我总是太忙了不能和她进行谈话。A.进行；B.破门而入；C.拒绝，声音调低；D.切断。故选A。
10.
【答案】A
【解题思路】句意：当我们学会让我们的差异联合起来而不是将我们分离的时候，我们就获得很多。A. 将……分开；B. 拒绝，拒收；C. 控制；D. 放弃。根据语境，故选A。
11.
【答案】C
【解题思路】句意：当孩子远离他们生活的时候，这些老人感觉和世界隔绝了。Carry away带走，夺走；break down崩溃，破坏，抛锚，分解；cut off切断；bring up养育，培养。故选C。
12.
【答案】C
【解题思路】句意：当最后决定课程的时候到了，我决定申请能反映我兴趣的课程。A.限制；B.保留；C.反映，反射；D.宠坏。故选C。
13.
【答案】A
【解题思路】句意：既然铁重于水，为什么船可以浮在水面上。A. float意为漂浮， B. drown 意为淹死， C. shrink 意为收缩， D. split意为洒出。此题考查的是4个动词的词义辨析，正确理解这4个句子及结合常识可以得出答案。故选A。
14.
【答案】B
【解题思路】句意：相比于直白的事实，我们更倾向于对那些能够让我们激动或者让我们产生共鸣的事情更加记忆深刻。A. block off意为封锁，B. appeal to意为吸引，C. subscribe to意为订阅，D. come across意为遇到。该句的句式使用到了一个比较句式以及一个定于从句，看起来有一点复杂，其实这道题的关键就是连词or，or意思是或者，用于并列句。所以 our emotions表达是跟前面excite our senses（让我们激动）意思是相同的，根据句意不难得出答案是B吸引。
15.
【答案】D
【解题思路】句意：肢体语言可以透露很多的心情，所以把你的手折起来站着，表示你是有防范的。A意为拿走；B意为扔掉；C意为放好；D意为泄露，而且和send out同义。该题考查的是动词短语搭配，这是动词加介词的搭配，其中四个介词都是一样的（away），不同的是动词，正确理解四个搭配其实只需要理解四个动词就可以了。take意为拿走，throw意为扔掉，put意为放，give意为给。根据句意可以排除ABC，故选D。
16.
【答案】A
【解题思路】考查动词的辨析。A. shape塑造，决定……的形成，影响……的发展；B. switch转变，交换，调班；C. stretch拉长，拉紧，伸展，伸长，延伸消耗；D. sharpen提高，使尖锐，变得清晰。句意：快速回顾一年的成败将会决定来年的发展。故选A。
17.
【答案】B
【解题思路】考查动词短语辨析。held out坚持；提供机会；伸出手；B. brought out使显现，阐明，出版；C.picked out使容易看见，找出精心挑选，认出来；D. given out用完，停止运行，分发，发出，公布。句意：在非洲同医疗队一起工作已经使她表现出了作为医生最好的一面。这里取“使显现”之意，故选B。
18.
【答案】B
【解题思路】考查动词短语辨析。短语fall off跌落，下降；take off起飞，成功，受欢迎；turn off关闭；leave off停止，中断；句意：由于良好的创业环境，很多大学生创办的生意都很成功。根据句意可知B正确。
19.
【答案】C
【解题思路】考查短语辨析。动词短语gain admission to 获准进入；keep track of记录；take advantage of利用；give rise to引起；句意：父母亲应该积极鼓励孩子抓住机会参加体育活动。根据句意可知C项正确。
20.
【答案】A
【解题思路】句意：玛丽在讨论的前一部分是沉默的，但是最后她说出自己对这个话题的观点。A. 将……说出，透露，表明；B. 注意，照看；C.对......充耳不闻；D.踏上。根据语境，故选A。
高频易错题
【答案】
21. D 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. A 29. D 30. D
31. B 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. D 36. B 37. C 38. A 39. C 40. B
【解题思路】
本文为介绍说明文。本文介绍了台湾的全民偶像赵慕鹤老人的传奇人生。老人赵慕鹤66岁从高雄师范大学教职员退休后，91岁从高雄市立空中大学文化艺术系毕业。98岁取得硕士学位，现在到清大中文系旁听中国文学史，如今105岁的他，仍然打算报考中文所博士班。
21. 考查连词辨析。A. because因为；B. if如果；C. when当……的时候；D. unless除非。句意：我不会停止学习新东西，除非我死了。故选D。
22. 考查语境联系。A. eighties80多岁；B. twenties20多岁；C. nineties90多岁；D. thirties30多岁。根据下文的陈述可知，赵慕鹤老人1912年出生，1999年上大学，由此可推知，他在90多岁的时候取得了他的第一个本科和硕士学位。故选C。
23. 考查名词辨析。A. adjustment调整；B. retirement退休；C. presentation推荐；D. examination考试。句意：他退休后，环游世界，学习使用因特网。故选B。
24. 考查介（副）词辨析。A. to到；B. away离开；C. out of出去；D. from来自。根据下文的found a non-teaching job at National Kaohsiung Normal University（在高雄师范大学找到一份非教书的工作）可知，此处指“他在39岁时搬到了台湾”。故选A。
25. 考查副词辨析。A. suddenly突然；B. gradually逐渐；C. normally通常；D. typically典型地。句意：那通常是人们开始一个平静而无聊的退休生活的时间。故选C。
26. 考查动词词组辨析。A. hanging up挂上；B. hanging out闲逛；C. hanging down垂下；D. hanging over挂在……上。句意：和朋友们闲逛和照顾孙子。故选B。
27. 考查连词辨析。A. But但是；B. And然后；C. So因此；D. For因为。句意：但是那不是赵慕鹤的生活。故选A。
28. 考查代词辨析。A. another另一；B. each每个；C. that那个；D. his他的。根据下文___9___the National Open University in Taiwan in 1999.可知，赵慕鹤决定去另一所大学去学习。故选A。
29. 考查动词（组）辨析。A. arrived at到达；B. graduated from从……毕业；C. studied 学习；D. attended参加。句意：1999年他在高雄市立空中大学上大学。故选D。
30. 考查动词辨析。A. sharing分享；B. refusing拒绝；C. stopping停止；D. missing错过。句意：他每天骑自行车上学，从来没有错过一堂课。故选D。
31. 考查副（形容词）词辨析。A. later后来；B. late到深夜；C. latest最新的；D. lately近来。句意：晚上，他学习到深夜。故选B。2-1-c-n-j-y
32. 考查名词辨析。A. reports报告；B. lessons课；C. credits （某科目）学分及格证；D. notes笔记。句意：他仅用四年的时间就完成了学士学位要求到达的128个学科的学分认定，这是他91岁时做到的。故选C。
33. 考查动词（组）辨析。A. get on with和……相处；B. put off推迟；C. reunite重聚；D. continue继续。句意：几年后，赵慕鹤决定继续学习。故选D。
34. 考查名词辨析。A. master’s degree硕士学位；B. bachelor’s degree学士学位；C. doctor’s degree博士学位；D. teacher’s degree教师资格证。根据语境可知，此处指“两年后，他取得了哲学硕士学位”。故选A。
35. 考查连词辨析。A. when当……时候；B. after在……之后；C. before在……之前；D. as因为。句意：他现在正在台湾国立清华大学旁听课程，因为他准备攻读博士学位。故选D。
36. 考查副词辨析。A. ever曾经；B. never永远；C. still仍然；D. yet仍旧。句意：他认为学习永远不晚。故选B。
37. 考查介词词组辨析。A. In case of以防；B. By means of 依赖；C. In addition of除了；D. In spite of尽管。句意：除了学习，他也实现了周游世界的梦想。故选C。
38. 考查名词辨析。A. computer电脑；B. camera照相机；C. shaver刮胡刀；D. bike自行车。句意：他现在正在学习使用电脑。故选A。
39. 考查代词辨析。A. him他；B. her她；C. you你；D. it它。句意：他的同胞老人幽默地对他说“对你这样一个垂死的人来说，互联网是没有用的，兄弟”。故选C。
40. 考查形容词辨析。A. awake醒着的；B. alive活着的；C. asleep睡着的；D. alone孤单的。句意：但是我仍然活着。故选B。
精准预测题
【答案】
21. A 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. A
31. B 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. D 36. A 37. B 38. C 39. D 40. A
【解题思路】
这篇文章通过讲述一位老人和一只蝴蝶的故事，告诉我们这样一个道理。如果我们不允许生活中有任何的困难，那么我们可能就不会有那么强壮，所以有时，挣扎和困境也是我们生活中所需要的。21教育名师原创作品
21. A考查形容词。由there was a kind old man who loved everything. 可知这老人是一位非常和蔼的老人。nice 和蔼的， cruel 残忍的，serious 严肃的，small小的。
22. B考查名词。由to ___17___ the tiny opening 可知这里意思是一个小的通道出现了。butterfly 蝴蝶，opening 通道， body 身体， worm虫子。
23. D 考查动词。由to force its body through that little hole. 可知这只蝴蝶正努力强迫自己的身体从那个小的洞口钻出。hoped 希望， decided 决定，refused 拒绝， struggled努力。
24. C考查固定用法。但是看起来没有任何进展。make any progress有任何进展, 是固定用法。
25. A考查固定短语。好像距离它的目标还很远并且它无法再向更远处前进。as if 好像，even if 即使，only if 只要……就， if only要是……多好。
26. C考查比较级。好像距离它的目标还很远并且它无法再向更远处前进。longer 更长， more 更多，farther 更远， less更少。
27. B 考查动词，由so he took a pair of scissors and ___8___ the remaining bit of the cocoon. 可知这里意思是然后这位老人决定帮助这只蝴蝶。beat 打败， help 帮助，kill 杀死，throw抛。
28. D 考查动词短语。由so he took a pair of scissors可知他剪掉了茧的剩余部分。cut across打断， cut up 切碎，cut down 砍倒，cut off剪断。
29. C 考查副词。然后，这只蝴蝶很容易就出来了。willingly 乐意地，happily 快乐地，easily 容易地，difficultly困难。
30. A考查形容词。由In fact, the butterfly ___14___ the rest of its life crawling around with a swollen body and wrinkled wings. 可知这只蝴蝶的翅膀又小又皱皱巴巴。wrinkled 皱皱巴巴的， strong 强壮的， skillful 熟练的，comfortable舒适的。
31. B 考查动词。由He sat and watched the butterfly for several hours as it ___3___ to force its body through that little hole. 可知这位老人继续在观察这只蝴蝶。decorate 装饰， watch 观察， praise 赞美， fly飞行。
32. D考查动词。他期待这只蝴蝶的翅膀随时可以张开，能够支撑它的身体。require 要求，expect 期望，encourage 鼓励， expand张开。
33. C考查语义理解。由In fact, the butterfly ___14___ the rest of its life crawling around with a swollen body and wrinkled wings. 可知没有任何事发生。Something 某事，Anything 任何事，Nothing 什么也没有， Everything一切事物。
34. B考查固定句型。事实上，这只蝴蝶可能一生都要带着肿胀的身体和皱巴巴的翅膀到处爬行。Spend time（in）doing something花费时间做某事，是固定句型。
35. D考查形容词。它决不可能飞起来了。glad 高兴的， free 自由的， afraid 害怕的，able能够。
36. A 考查名词。由for flight from the cocoon. 可知这里填cocoon。cocoon 茧， time 时间，space 空间，stage舞台。
37. B 考查动词短语。由The man did not understand that the restricting ___16___ and the struggle required for the butterfly to ___17___ the tiny opening were Nature’s way of forcing fluid from the body of the butterfly into its wings so that it would be ___18___ for flight from the cocoon.可知要求这只蝴蝶通过的这个小的通道是自然的方式。get across 使……被理解，get through 通过，get in 到达， get down下来。
38. C考查固定短语。它为从茧中飞出做好了准备。be ready for为……做准备，是固定短语。
39. D 考查名词。由If we were allowed to go through our life without any ___20___,可知有时，挣扎也是我们生活中所需要的。communication 交流， dream 梦想，childhood 童年，life生活。
40. A考查名词。如果我们不允许生活中有任何的困难，那么我们可能就不会有那么强壮。difficulty 困难，income 收入，regrets 后悔， appointment约定。
动词是英语词汇中的核心，而动词及其构成的短语一直是高考中的热点和难点。它的用法最灵活，其种类比较多，形式复杂。每年高考中对动词短语和动词的考查都会出现2?4道试题，难度也大。
2018年高考中特别要注意动词及其和介词、副词的搭配，以及构成的固定短语， 要注意这些短语的意思，同时要在具体的语境中灵话地加以使用。
动词及其词组的灵活运用是英语的特色之一，也是学生学习中的难点，因此每年均为测试的重点。在历年高考试题中动词所占的比例最大，设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语意义的理解和运用。
考点1 动词词义辨析
这类试题的四个选项是在结构上都很相近的动词。要做好这类试题，必须明确各个动词的词义和用法，然后根据题意需要选用合适的动词。
【典例】
I’m afraid you will have to pay an extra amount to __________the cost of insurance.
A. cover B. spend C. fill D. offer
【答案】A
【解析】句意：恐怕你要付额外的钱来支付保险费。此处cover足以支付；spend花费；fill充满；offer提供。根据句意，故选A。
考点2 近义动词辨析
这类试题的四个选项无论在意义上还是在结构上都是很相近的动词。面对这类试题，必须要从四个动词的语义差别、用法特点等入手才能选出符合题意的动词。
【典例】
Jackson refused to accept the reward because he thought he didn’t ____the honor.
A. hold. B. obtain. C. deserve. D. achieve.
【答案】C
【解析】此处hold握住；obtain获得；deserve值得，相配； achieve取得成就。句意：杰克逊拒绝领奖，是因为他觉得自己不配（deserve）得到这个荣誉。根据句意，故选C。
考点3 考查动词与其宾语的固定搭配
英语中有许多动词与其宾语有固定的搭配和习惯用法。碰到这类试题时，解答的关键是弄清题意，然后根据题意选择符合固定搭配或习惯用法的动词。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
【典例】
With modem equipment, many mysteries have________to light in recent years.
A. bought B. Come C. thrown D. appeared
【答案】B
【解析】题意为“由于有现代化的设备，近年来许多谜团被揭开”。“揭露，将……曝光”是come to light，故选B。【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
考点4 动词与其宾补的固定搭配
英语中有些动词后跟宾补时，有其固定搭配，如let/have/make sb. do sth.，get/force sb. to do sth.，allow/permit/forbid sb. to do sth.等。解答这类试题的关键是分析句子结构，找到作宾补的不定式，然后看不定式前是否有不定式符号to，最后确定该用什么动词。
【典例】
The card reads: “Dear Mom and Dad, they are _______ everyone write home. Love, Joey.”
A. advising B. suggesting
C. letting D. Making
【答案】D
【解析】分析句子结构可知，空缺处后面的write home是无to的不定式，作everyone 的宾语补足语，由此可排除A项；suggest后面不跟不定式作宾补，更不用说无to的不定式，由此排除B项；let作为使役动词时，无进行时态，也排除；只有make后面跟无to的不定式作宾补的，所以答案为D。
考点5 系动词
动词作系动词用时，后面常接形容词、名词、分词和不定式等，此时动词没有进行时和被动语态。这类动词有：appear, become, feel, look, sound, seem, taste, prove, remain, stay, smell, grow, turn, go, come, fall, stand, lie, exist等。解答这类试题的关键首先是弄清题意，然后是分析句子结构，由此可判断出该动词是否用作系动词，最后确定所要填入的答案。
【典例】
The effect of the medicine on this kind of disease remains _______.
A. seen B. to be seen
C. seeing D. to see
【答案】B
【解析】题意为“这种药对这种疾病的效果尚待观察”由题意可知，remain在此用作系动词，且see这一动作还没有发生，答案锁定在B和D中间；the effect和see 之间是被动关系，所以答案为B。
考点6 同根动词短语的辨析
这类试题的四个选项都是由同一个动词加不同的介词或副词构成。从历年高考试题来看，那些搭配能力强、语义丰富的常用动词短语是命题的重点对象。解答这类试题时，一定要在理解语境的基础上，从语义逻辑、固定搭配、前后关系等角度去确定答案。
【典例】
How I wish that I could _____________my ideas in simple and wonderful English when chatting on the net.21cnjy.com
A. set out B. set off
C. set in D. setup
【答案】A
【解析】题意为“我多么希望在网上聊天时能用简单而又漂亮的英语表达我的思想啊”。由题意可知，空缺处应该是“表达；解释”之意，而四个选项中只有set out 有此意，故答案为A。
考点7 同根介词或副词的动词短语的辨析
这类试题的四个选项是由不同的动词加相同的介词或副词构成。解答这类试题的关键首先还是弄清题意，然后选出符合题意和句子结构需要的动词短语。
【典例】
You can't predict everything．Often things don't as you expect．
A．work out B．set out C．figure out D．put out
【答案】A
【解析】句意：你不能预测一切。结果常常不像你期待的那样。此处work out意味：结果…。set out意为：动身，启程；开始工作；figure out意为：弄明白；put out意为：熄灭。根据句意选A。
考点8 不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析
这类试题的四个选项是由四个不同的动词构成的动词短语。解答这类试题的关键是 根据题千意思，选出符合题意的动词短语。www.21-cn-jy.com
【典例】
The society today offers the young generation more chances to _______ their talent and skills.
A. give out B. take in
C. show off D. carry on
【答案】C
【解析】题意为“当今社会给年轻一代提供了更多的机会来展示他们的才能和技能。”由题意可知，空缺处应该是“炫耀；展示”之意，故答案为C。
考点9 “动词+副词+介词”短语的辨析
这类试题的四个选项要么是四个不同动词，但副词相同、介词不同的动词短语；要么是四个动词相同、副词相同、介词不同的动词短语。解答这类试题时，弄清题意诚然重要，但还要注意该短语的尾词是介词、副词还是不定式符号to，切忌想当然。
【典例】
一Do you know the plan his daughter will ________ spread a lot?21*cnjy*com
一Really? I don ’ t know it yet.
A. get down to B. come up to
C. live up to D. look up to
【答案】A
【解析】分析题意为“你知道他女儿将要着手做的那个计划已经传开了吗？”“真的？我还不知道。”四个选项中，get down to，“着手做”；come up to，“不亚于；相等”；live up to，“不辜负；达到高标准”；look up to，“尊敬”。由此可知，只有A项符合题意。句中的his daughter will get down to是定语从句，修饰先行词the plan。故答案为C。
单项选择
1.【2017·天津卷】Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter _____, get married, and have kids.
A. settled down B. keep off C. get up D. cut in
【答案】A
【解题思路】句意：布朗先生和夫人想要看到他们的女儿安顿下来，结婚生子。A.安顿下来；B.远离；C.起床；D.擦嘴。根据句意，故选A。
2.【2017·江苏卷】30. A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help _______ your year ahead.21世纪教育网版权所有
A. shape B. switch C. stretch D. sharpen
【答案】A
【解题思路】考查动词的辨析。A. shape塑造，决定……的形成，影响……的发展；B. switch转变，交换，
调班；C. stretch拉长，拉紧，伸展，伸长，延伸消耗；D. sharpen提高，使尖锐，变得清晰。句意：快速
回顾一年的成败将会决定来年的发展。故选A。
3.【2017·江苏卷】Working with the medical team in Africa has _______ the best in her as a doctor.
A. held out B. brought out C. picked out D. given out
【答案】B
【解题思路】考查动词短语辨析。held out坚持；提供机会；伸出手；B. brought out使显现，阐明，出版；21教育网
C.picked out使容易看见，找出精心挑选，认出来；D. given out用完，停止运行，分发，发出，公布。句2-1-c-n-j-y
意：在非洲同医疗队一起工作已经使她表现出了作为医生最好的一面。这里取“使显现”之意，故选B。
4.【2016·江苏】He did not ______ easily, but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.
A. approach B. wrestle C. compromise D. communicate
【答案】C
【解题思路】考查动词辨析。动词approach靠近，接近；wrestle摔跤，斗争，努力解决；compromise妥协；和解；让步；communicate交流；句意：他并不容易妥协，但是对于正义的事业，他愿意接受任何建设性的建议。根据句意可知C项正确。
5.【2016·江苏】Many businesses started up by college students have ________thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.
A. fallen off B. taken off C. turned off D. left off
【答案】B
【解题思路】考查动词短语辨析。短语fall off跌落，下降；take off起飞，成功，受欢迎；turn off关闭；leave off停止，中断；句意：由于良好的创业环境，很多大学生创办的生意都很成功。根据句意可知B项正确。
6.【2016·江苏】Parents should actively urge their children to______the opportunity to join sports teams.
A. gain admission to B. keep track of C. take advantage of D. give rise to
【答案】C
【解题思路】考查短语辨析。动词短语gain admission to 获准进入；keep track of记录；take advantage of利用；give rise to引起；句意：父母亲应该积极鼓励孩子抓住机会参加体育活动。根据句意可知C项正确。
7.【2016·天津】 Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she ____ her opinion on the subject.
A. gave voice to B. kept an eye on
C. turned a deaf ear of D. set foot on
【答案】A
【解题思路】考句意：玛丽在讨论的前一部分是沉默的，但是最后她说出自己对这个话题的观点。A. 将……说出，透露，表明；B. 注意，照看；C.对......充耳不闻；D.踏上。根据语境，故选A。
8.【2016·天津】I’m going to _____ advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle.
A. put B. make C. take D. give
【答案】C
【解题思路】句意：我要利用这次旅行来探索这个城堡的历史。使用短语take advantage of，意为“利用”，其他选项不能和advantage of搭配。故选C。
9.【2016·天津】 I hate it when she calls me at work—I’m always too busy to _____ a conversation with her.
A. carry on B. break into C. turn down D. cut off
【答案】A
【解题思路】句意：我讨厌她在上班的时候给我打电话。我总是太忙了不能和她进行谈话。A.进行；B.破门而入；C.拒绝，声音调低；D.切断。故选A。
10.【2016·浙江】We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite , rather than _______ us.
A. divide B. reject C. control D. abandon
【答案】A
【解题思路】句意：当我们学会让我们的差异联合起来而不是将我们分离的时候，我们就获得很多。A. 将……分开；B. 拒绝，拒收；C. 控制；D. 放弃。根据语境，故选A。
11.【2016·浙江】When their children lived far away from them, these old people felt ______from the world.
A. carried away B. broken down C. cut off D. brought up
【答案】C
【解题思路】句意：当孩子远离他们生活的时候，这些老人感觉和世界隔绝了。Carry away带走，夺走；break down崩溃，破坏，抛锚，分解；cut off切断；bring up养育，培养。故选C。
12.【2016·浙江】 When the time came to make the final decision for a course , I decided to apply for the one that ______my interest.
A. limited B. reserved C. reflected D. spoiled
【答案】C
【解题思路】句意：当最后决定课程的时候到了，我决定申请能反映我兴趣的课程。A.限制；B.保留；C.反映，反射；D.宠坏。故选C。
13.【2015·浙江】If steel is heavier than water, why are ships able to on the sea?
A. float B. drown C. shrink D. split【答案】A
【解题思路】句意：既然铁重于水，为什么船可以浮在水面上。A. float意为漂浮， B. drown 意为淹死， C. shrink 意为收缩， D. split意为洒出。此题考查的是4个动词的词义辨析，正确理解这4个句子及结合常识可以得出答案。故选A。
14.【2015·浙江】We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or our emotions than for straight facts.
A. block off. B. appeal to C. subscribe to D. come across
【答案】B
【解题思路】句意：相比于直白的事实，我们更倾向于对那些能够让我们激动或者让我们产生共鸣的事情更加记忆深刻。A. block off意为封锁，B. appeal to意为吸引，C. subscribe to意为订阅，D. come across意为遇到。该句的句式使用到了一个比较句式以及一个定于从句，看起来有一点复杂，其实这道题的关键就是连词or，or意思是或者，用于并列句。所以 our emotions表达是跟前面excite our senses（让我们激动）意思是相同的，根据句意不难得出答案是B吸引。21·世纪*教育网
15.【2015·浙江】Body language can a lot about your mood, so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.
A. take away B. throw away C. put away D. give away
【答案】D
【解题思路】句意：肢体语言可以透露很多的心情，所以把你的手折起来站着，表示你是有防范的。A意为拿走；B意为扔掉；C意为放好；D意为泄露，而且和send out同义。该题考查的是动词短语搭配，这是动词加介词的搭配，其中四个介词都是一样的（away），不同的是动词，正确理解四个搭配其实只需要理解四个动词就可以了。take意为拿走，throw意为扔掉，put意为放，give意为给。根据句意可以排除ABC，故选D。
16.【2017·江苏卷】 A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help _______ your year ahead.
A. shape B. switch C. stretch D. sharpen
【答案】A
【解题思路】考查动词的辨析。A. shape塑造，决定……的形成，影响……的发展；B. switch转变，交换，调班；C. stretch拉长，拉紧，伸展，伸长，延伸消耗；D. sharpen提高，使尖锐，变得清晰。句意：快速回顾一年的成败将会决定来年的发展。故选A。
17.【2017·江苏】Working with the medical team in Africa has _______ the best in her as a doctor.
A. held out B. brought out C. picked out D. given out
【答案】B
【解题思路】考查动词短语辨析。held out坚持；提供机会；伸出手；B. brought out使显现，阐明，出版；C.picked out使容易看见，找出精心挑选，认出来；D. given out用完，停止运行，分发，发出，公布。句意：在非洲同医疗队一起工作已经使她表现出了作为医生最好的一面。这里取“使显现”之意，故选B。
18.【2016·江苏】Many businesses started up by college students have ________thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.21教育名师原创作品
A. fallen off B. taken off C. turned off D. left off
【答案】B
【解题思路】考查动词短语辨析。短语fall off跌落，下降；take off起飞，成功，受欢迎；turn off关闭；leave off停止，中断；句意：由于良好的创业环境，很多大学生创办的生意都很成功。根据句意可知B正确。
19.【2016·江苏】Parents should actively urge their children to______the opportunity to join sports teams.
A. gain admission to B. keep track of C. take advantage of D. give rise to
【答案】C
【解题思路】考查短语辨析。动词短语gain admission to 获准进入；keep track of记录；take advantage of利用；give rise to引起；句意：父母亲应该积极鼓励孩子抓住机会参加体育活动。根据句意可知C项正确。
20.【2016·天津】Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she ____ her opinion on the subject.
A. gave voice to B. kept an eye on
C. turned a deaf ear of D. set foot on
【答案】A
【解题思路】句意：玛丽在讨论的前一部分是沉默的，但是最后她说出自己对这个话题的观点。A. 将……说出，透露，表明；B. 注意，照看；C.对......充耳不闻；D.踏上。根据语境，故选A。
完形填空
（湖南省2017届高三下学期长沙一中等六校联考）“I won’t stop learning new things ____21____I die,” 105-year-old Zhao Muhe told domestic media.
He got his first bachelor’s and master’s degrees in his ____22____, and is now working on his PhD. He traveled the world after ____23____and learnt to use the Internet.
Zhao, born in Shandong in 1912, moved ____24____ Taiwan at 39, and found a non-teaching job at National Kaohsiung Normal University. Almost 30 years later, he retired from the university. That's ____25____ the time for people to begin a peaceful but boring pensioner's life, ____26____with friends and looking after grandchildren. ___27___that was not for Zhao.
He decided to go to ___28___ university, this time to study. Zhao ___29___the National Open University in Taiwan in 1999. He commuted to school by bike every day, never ___30___ a single class. He studied ____31____ into the night, and it only took him four years to finish the 128 academic ___32___ required to graduate with an arts degree, which he did at the age of 91.
Several years later, Zhao decided to ___33___ his studies. He passed the entrance examination for Nanhua University in Taiwan and got a ____34____ in philosophy two years later. He is now auditing classes at National Tsing Hua University in Taiwan ____35____ he prepares to earn a doctorate degree. He thinks it's ____36____ too late to learn.
___37___ studying, he also fulfilled his dream of touring the world. Now he is learning to use a ___38___. "Internet is no use for a dying man like ___39___, bro," his fellow pensioner said humorously to him. "But I'm still ____40____," he replied with laughter.
21. A. because B. if C. when D. unless
22. A. eighties B. twenties C. nineties D. thirties
23. A. adjustment B. retirement C. presentation D. examination
24. A. to B. away C. out of D. from
25. A. suddenly B. gradually C. normally D. typically
26. A. hanging up B. hanging out C. hanging down D. hanging over
27. A. But B. And C. So D. For
28. A. another B. each C. that D. his
29. A. arrived at B. graduated from C. studied D. attended
30. A. sharing B. refusing C. stopping D. missing
31. A. later B. late C. latest D. lately
32. A. reports B. lessons C. credits D. notes
33. A. get on with B. put off C. reunite D. continue
34. A. master’s degree B. bachelor’s degree C. doctor’s degree D. teacher’s degree【出处：21教育名师】
35. A. when B. after C. before D. as
36. A. ever B. never C. still D. yet
37. A. In case of B. By means of C. In addition of D. In spite of
38. A. computer B. camera C. shaver D. bike
39. A. him B. her C. you D. it
40. A. awake B. alive C. asleep D. alone
【答案】
21. D 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. A 29. D 30. D21*cnjy*com
31. B 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. D 36. B 37. C 38. A 39. C 40. B21·cn·jy·com
【解题思路】
本文为介绍说明文。本文介绍了台湾的全民偶像赵慕鹤老人的传奇人生。老人赵慕鹤66岁从高雄师范大学教职员退休后，91岁从高雄市立空中大学文化艺术系毕业。98岁取得硕士学位，现在到清大中文系旁听中国文学史，如今105岁的他，仍然打算报考中文所博士班。
21. 考查连词辨析。A. because因为；B. if如果；C. when当……的时候；D. unless除非。句意：我不会停止学习新东西，除非我死了。故选D。
22. 考查语境联系。A. eighties80多岁；B. twenties20多岁；C. nineties90多岁；D. thirties30多岁。根据下文的陈述可知，赵慕鹤老人1912年出生，1999年上大学，由此可推知，他在90多岁的时候取得了他的第一个本科和硕士学位。故选C。
23. 考查名词辨析。A. adjustment调整；B. retirement退休；C. presentation推荐；D. examination考试。句意：他退休后，环游世界，学习使用因特网。故选B。
24. 考查介（副）词辨析。A. to到；B. away离开；C. out of出去；D. from来自。根据下文的found a non-teaching job at National Kaohsiung Normal University（在高雄师范大学找到一份非教书的工作）可知，此处指“他在39岁时搬到了台湾”。故选A。
25. 考查副词辨析。A. suddenly突然；B. gradually逐渐；C. normally通常；D. typically典型地。句意：那通常是人们开始一个平静而无聊的退休生活的时间。故选C。
26. 考查动词词组辨析。A. hanging up挂上；B. hanging out闲逛；C. hanging down垂下；D. hanging over挂在……上。句意：和朋友们闲逛和照顾孙子。故选B。
27. 考查连词辨析。A. But但是；B. And然后；C. So因此；D. For因为。句意：但是那不是赵慕鹤的生活。故选A。
28. 考查代词辨析。A. another另一；B. each每个；C. that那个；D. his他的。根据下文___9___the National Open University in Taiwan in 1999.可知，赵慕鹤决定去另一所大学去学习。故选A。
29. 考查动词（组）辨析。A. arrived at到达；B. graduated from从……毕业；C. studied 学习；D. attended参加。句意：1999年他在高雄市立空中大学上大学。故选D。
30. 考查动词辨析。A. sharing分享；B. refusing拒绝；C. stopping停止；D. missing错过。句意：他每天骑自行车上学，从来没有错过一堂课。故选D。
31. 考查副（形容词）词辨析。A. later后来；B. late到深夜；C. latest最新的；D. lately近来。句意：晚上，他学习到深夜。故选B。2·1·c·n·j·y
32. 考查名词辨析。A. reports报告；B. lessons课；C. credits （某科目）学分及格证；D. notes笔记。句意：他仅用四年的时间就完成了学士学位要求到达的128个学科的学分认定，这是他91岁时做到的。故选C。
33. 考查动词（组）辨析。A. get on with和……相处；B. put off推迟；C. reunite重聚；D. continue继续。句意：几年后，赵慕鹤决定继续学习。故选D。
34. 考查名词辨析。A. master’s degree硕士学位；B. bachelor’s degree学士学位；C. doctor’s degree博士学位；D. teacher’s degree教师资格证。根据语境可知，此处指“两年后，他取得了哲学硕士学位”。故选A。
35. 考查连词辨析。A. when当……时候；B. after在……之后；C. before在……之前；D. as因为。句意：他现在正在台湾国立清华大学旁听课程，因为他准备攻读博士学位。故选D。
36. 考查副词辨析。A. ever曾经；B. never永远；C. still仍然；D. yet仍旧。句意：他认为学习永远不晚。故选B。
37. 考查介词词组辨析。A. In case of以防；B. By means of 依赖；C. In addition of除了；D. In spite of尽管。句意：除了学习，他也实现了周游世界的梦想。故选C。
38. 考查名词辨析。A. computer电脑；B. camera照相机；C. shaver刮胡刀；D. bike自行车。句意：他现在正在学习使用电脑。故选A。
39. 考查代词辨析。A. him他；B. her她；C. you你；D. it它。句意：他的同胞老人幽默地对他说“对你这样一个垂死的人来说，互联网是没有用的，兄弟”。故选C。
40. 考查形容词辨析。A. awake醒着的；B. alive活着的；C. asleep睡着的；D. alone孤单的。句意：但是我仍然活着。故选B。
完形填空
Life Struggle
（河南省许昌平顶山2018届高三联考）Once upon a time, there was a kind old man who loved everything. One day while walking through the woods the ___21___ old man found a cocoon of a butterfly. He took it home. A few days later, a small ___22___ appeared. He sat and watched the butterfly for several hours as it ___23___ to force its body through that little hole. Then it seemed to stop ___24___ any progress. It appeared ___25___ it had gotten as far as it could and it could go no ___26___. Then the man decided to ___27___ the butterfly, so he took a pair of scissors and ___28___ the remaining bit of the cocoon. The butterfly then appeared ___29___.
But it had a swollen body and small,___30___ wings. The man continued to ___31___ the butterfly because he expected that, at any moment, the wings would enlarge an ___32___ to be able to support the body.___33___ happened! In fact, the butterfly ___34___ the rest of its life crawling around with a swollen body and wrinkled wings. It never was ___35___ to fly.
The man did not understand that the restricting ___36___ and the struggle required for the butterfly to ___37___ the tiny opening were Nature’s way of forcing fluid from the body of the butterfly into its wings so that it would be ___38___ for flight from the cocoon. Sometimes struggles are exactly what we need in our ___39___. If we were allowed to go through our life without any ___40___, it would not be as strong as what we could have been. And we could never fly.
21. A. nice B. cruel C. serious D. small
22. A. butterfly B. opening C. body D. worm
23. A. hoped B. decided C. refused D. struggled
24. A. taking B. owning C. making D. putting
25. A. as if B. even if C. only if D. if only
26. A. longer B. more C. farther D. less
27. A. beat B. help C. kill D. throw
28. A. cut across B. cut up C. cut down D. cut off
29. A. willingly B. happily C. easily D. difficultly
30. A. wrinkled B. strong C. skillful D. comfortable
31. A. decorate B. watch C. praise D. fly
32. A. require B. expect C. encourage D. expand
33. A. Something B. Anything C. Nothing D. Everything
34. A. took B. spent C. cost D. paid
35. A. glad B. free C. afraid D. able
36. A. cocoon B. time C. space D. stage
37. A. get across B. get through C. get in D. get down
38. A. helpful B. accessible C. ready D. careful
39. A. communication B. dream C. childhood D. life
40. A. difficulty B. income C. regrets D. appointment
【答案】
21. A 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. A 【版权所有：21教育】
31. B 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. D 36. A 37. B 38. C 39. D 40. A
【解题思路】
这篇文章通过讲述一位老人和一只蝴蝶的故事，告诉我们这样一个道理。如果我们不允许生活中有任何的困难，那么我们可能就不会有那么强壮，所以有时，挣扎和困境也是我们生活中所需要的。
21. A考查形容词。由there was a kind old man who loved everything. 可知这老人是一位非常和蔼的老人。nice 和蔼的， cruel 残忍的，serious 严肃的，small小的。
22. B考查名词。由to ___17___ the tiny opening 可知这里意思是一个小的通道出现了。butterfly 蝴蝶，opening 通道， body 身体， worm虫子。
23. D 考查动词。由to force its body through that little hole. 可知这只蝴蝶正努力强迫自己的身体从那个小的洞口钻出。hoped 希望， decided 决定，refused 拒绝， struggled努力。
24. C考查固定用法。但是看起来没有任何进展。make any progress有任何进展, 是固定用法。
25. A考查固定短语。好像距离它的目标还很远并且它无法再向更远处前进。as if 好像，even if 即使，only if 只要……就， if only要是……多好。
26. C考查比较级。好像距离它的目标还很远并且它无法再向更远处前进。longer 更长， more 更多，farther 更远， less更少。
27. B 考查动词，由so he took a pair of scissors and ___8___ the remaining bit of the cocoon. 可知这里意思是然后这位老人决定帮助这只蝴蝶。beat 打败， help 帮助，kill 杀死，throw抛。
28. D 考查动词短语。由so he took a pair of scissors可知他剪掉了茧的剩余部分。cut across打断， cut up 切碎，cut down 砍倒，cut off剪断。www-2-1-cnjy-com
29. C 考查副词。然后，这只蝴蝶很容易就出来了。willingly 乐意地，happily 快乐地，easily 容易地，difficultly困难。
30. A考查形容词。由In fact, the butterfly ___14___ the rest of its life crawling around with a swollen body and wrinkled wings. 可知这只蝴蝶的翅膀又小又皱皱巴巴。wrinkled 皱皱巴巴的， strong 强壮的， skillful 熟练的，comfortable舒适的。
31. B 考查动词。由He sat and watched the butterfly for several hours as it ___3___ to force its body through that little hole. 可知这位老人继续在观察这只蝴蝶。decorate 装饰， watch 观察， praise 赞美， fly飞行。
32. D考查动词。他期待这只蝴蝶的翅膀随时可以张开，能够支撑它的身体。require 要求，expect 期望，encourage 鼓励， expand张开。
33. C考查语义理解。由In fact, the butterfly ___14___ the rest of its life crawling around with a swollen body and wrinkled wings. 可知没有任何事发生。Something 某事，Anything 任何事，Nothing 什么也没有， Everything一切事物。
34. B考查固定句型。事实上，这只蝴蝶可能一生都要带着肿胀的身体和皱巴巴的翅膀到处爬行。Spend time（in）doing something花费时间做某事，是固定句型。
35. D考查形容词。它决不可能飞起来了。glad 高兴的， free 自由的， afraid 害怕的，able能够。
36. A 考查名词。由for flight from the cocoon. 可知这里填cocoon。cocoon 茧， time 时间，space 空间，stage舞台。
37. B 考查动词短语。由The man did not understand that the restricting ___16___ and the struggle required for the butterfly to ___17___ the tiny opening were Nature’s way of forcing fluid from the body of the butterfly into its wings so that it would be ___18___ for flight from the cocoon.可知要求这只蝴蝶通过的这个小的通道是自然的方式。get across 使……被理解，get through 通过，get in 到达， get down下来。
38. C考查固定短语。它为从茧中飞出做好了准备。be ready for为……做准备，是固定短语。
39. D 考查名词。由If we were allowed to go through our life without any ___20___,可知有时，挣扎也是我们生活中所需要的。communication 交流， dream 梦想，childhood 童年，life生活。
40. A考查名词。如果我们不允许生活中有任何的困难，那么我们可能就不会有那么强壮。difficulty 困难，income 收入，regrets 后悔， appointment约定。
