Unit 2 The United Kingdom
本单元话题是“英国”。通过阅读使学生了解英国的历史和地理位置，国家的构成及名胜古迹。“阅读”(reading)部分从地理，历史，政治，文化等多角度说明了联合王国的形成，发展以及它的风土人情和人文景观。使学生对英国有一个比较详实的认识，拓宽了知识面，有助于深入地理解和领悟英国语言和英国文化习俗。以通过给学生看地图，拼地形图卡片，看幻灯片等，尽可能多地直观的向学生介绍有关英国概况的知识，使学生对当代英国的经济与政治，城市与乡村等诸多方面有一个整体认识。老师要尽量给学生自主学习的时间和空间，通过自学、自做、自悟、自助等方式，让学生体会和理解文章的内容，探讨英国的文化。
1. Target language 目标语言
a. Key words and expressions：
consist of , puzzle, clarify, convenience, convenient, attraction, influence, worthwhile
b. Key sentences重点句子：
1. How many countries does the UK consist of?
2. England can be divided into three main areas.
3. There is no need to debate any more about why different words are used to describe the four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Island ．
4. You can easily clarify any problems if you study British history.
2. Ability goals 能力目标
a. Students will be familiar with some background knowledge of the UK.
b. Students are expected to get the main idea of the text.
c. Students will understand the text and answer the following questions:
d. Students are able to master the details about the passage, choosing the correct answer according the text and fill in the form about the passage and the diary.
e. Students can learn the reading skill of getting the main idea of each paragraph/ part & each passage.
3. Learning ability goals 学能目标
a. Help students to discuss:
How to describe a place of interest.
How to introduce a country
b. Let the Ss know how to get the main idea of the text.
c. Get the Ss to learn how to find the relative key words from the passage to choose the correct answers.
d. Enable the Ss to retell the passage using the first person.
a. Students to learn different reading skills, especially gist reading and comprehending beyond lines.
b. Students have a general idea of what the scientific research is and set a positive attitude towards it.
c. To learn about the past participle used as the object complement.
a. Skimming and scanning
b.Elicitating
c. Individual, pair or group work to finish each task.
d. Discussion.
A tape-recorder, the multimedia, a projector
StepI. Brainstorming
When you mention England, what or who will you think of?
StepII. Presentation
Show Ss some typical pictures about the UK.
StepIII. A quiz
Check Ss’ understanding of the UK.
StepIV. Reading
Fast-reading
Let Ss read the text quickly to find out the answer to the following question:
What does the National flag stand for? (skimming)
(The Union Jack flag unites the three flags of three countries in the United Kingdom.)
Then ask Ss to scan the article to find out the answer. Ask Ss to pay attention to the four parts of Great Britain. ( scanning)
2. Let Ss read the text once again.
Task1: Ask Ss to name the four parts of the UK.
Task2: Divide GK into three parts.
Show the zones of the South, Midlands and North of England.
( North: Leeds, York, Sheffield, Manchester; Midlands: Coventry, Birmingham; South: Reading, London, Brighton, Plymouth)
Task3: Scanning
According to the text, join lines to the right answers.
Para. 1 Explains the joining of England and Wales.
Para. 2 States topic to be examined in the reading.
Para. 3 Explains the importance of London as cultural and political centre in the UK.
Para. 4 Explains what the term “Great Britain” means and how it came about.
Para. 5 Explains differences in the four countries.
Para. 6 Explains how England is divided into three zones.
Task4: Divide the passage into three parts.
Part I: about the UK
Part II: about England
Part III: about London
Task5: What’s the writing style of this passage?
The text is written in narrative style, which introduces to the learners how the UK was formed geographically and historically, mainly dealing with England and the other three countries, which not only work together as a union in many aspects but also develop their own administrative(行政的) systems. It also introduces the four invaders who influenced the UK language, place-names, vocabulary and system of government.
StepV. Language points
consist of
由…组成，由…构成，包括（注意：不能用于被动语态和进行时态）= be made up of
consist in 基于，在于，存在…之中
Coal consists mostly of carbon.
煤大部分由碳组成。
This club consists of more than 200 members.
这个俱乐部由２００位以上的会员构成。
divide
意为“把一个整体分成若干个部分” 常与 into，among, between 搭配
divide into 把…分成
divide sth. among sb. 在…分配
divide sth. with sb. 与…分担
divide… by… 用…除以
辨析：divide, separate
divide 划分；把整体分成若干部分，破坏了宾语的完整性
separate分隔；把原来连在一起或靠近的分隔开来，没有破坏宾语的完整性，只是将宾语分开
The world is divided into five continents.
Let’s divide the cake into three.
He separated the big eggs from the small ones.
The grinding machine (碾谷机) separates the grain from the husk（糠）.
There is no need to debate any more about why different words are used to describe the
four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Island ．
对于用来描述英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰这四个国家的词语，现在已经没有争辩的必要了。
There is no need to do sth. 没有必要做某事
There is no need (for you) to come if you don’t want to. 如果你不想来，那就没有必要来了．
Is there any need to explain any further？还有必要作进一步的解释吗？
句中why引导宾语从句，作介词about的宾语
4. debate v. & n. ①辩论，讨论
debate about sth. 对某事进行辩论，讨论
What are they debating (about)?
We are just debating what to do next.
After a long debate, the House of Commons approved the bill.
5. You can easily clarify any problems if you study British history.
如果你学习了英国历史，很容易就能弄清楚任何问题。
clarify vt. 澄清，讲清楚；阐明 vi. 澄清，清楚，明了；
Could you clarify the question？
His mind suddenly clarified.
拓展：clarification n.
6. However, just as they were going to get Ireland connected to form the United Kingdom, the Southern part of that country broke away to form its own government.
然而，正当他们打算把爱尔兰也同另外三个国家联合起来形成联合王国的时候，爱尔兰的南部却分离出去了．
break v. (broke, broken) ＜习惯搭配＞：
break away 破坏、出故障、分解、脱离
break down 抛锚，出故障，身体跨了，削弱
break into 闯入，突然发出
break out （战争、瘟疫、火灾）爆发
break off 中断
break the rules 违反规则
break the records 打破记录
England is the largest of the four countries and for convenience it is divided roughly into
three zones.
在这四个国家中，英格兰最大，为了方便起见，它大致被分为了三个地区．
convenience n. 方便，便利 convenient adj. 适合需要的，方便的
a convenient place/ time
It is an inconvenient time to come.
I can’t see him now; it’s not convenient.
Will it be convenient for you to start work tomorrow?
8. Although the four countries do work together in some areas (for example, in international relations), they are still different.
尽管这四个国家在某些方面（如国际关系方面）是合作的，但它们还是不同的．
work together
是一个习惯用语, 不能按字面意思直译．work 在此处的被译为“起反应，起作用”
由动词work 构成的词组：
work well 做得好
work in / into 渗透，渗入
work at something 从事
work out 算出
work one’s will on /upon somebody 将某人的意志强加给别人
9. However, these industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not have the historical attractions of other places.
然而,这些在十九世纪建立起来的城市却没有其它地方所具有的历史魅力.
attraction
n. 吸引，引力；吸引人的东西；喜闻乐见的东西；精彩节目
attractive adj. 有吸引力，诱人的
attraction of gravity 重力
He can’t resist the attraction of the sea on hot day. 酷热的夏天他经不住海的诱惑。
10. influence vt. & n.影响
have an influence with / on 对…有影响
under the influence of 在…影响下
My teacher influenced my decision to study art.
The weather influences crops.
My teacher’s influence made me study science at college.
He is a man of influence in the city.
11. invader n. 入侵者；侵略者 invade vt. 侵入；侵略；拥入；挤满
Hitler invaded Poland in 1939.
Doubts invade my mind.
Disease invade the body.
12. 省略句：结构中的主语与主名句的主语一致时，可省略相同成分。
It looked splendid when first built!
当第一次建的时候它看上去很辉煌！
When first built = When it was first built
When asked why he was late, he went red.
StepVI. Grammar
The past participles as Object Complement
过去分词作宾语补足语
阅读下列句子，并体会黑体部分的用法
1．Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.
2．Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way.
3．You find most of the population settled in the south，but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England.
4．It passes through Greenwich，so Pingyu had a photo taken standing on either side of the line.
5．However，just as they were going to get Ireland connected to form the United Kingdom，the southern part of that country broke away to form its own government.
Ⅰ.常见的过去分词作宾语补足语的情况
1．感官动词see，hear，notice，observe，watch，feel，find等后可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
I saw an old man knocked down by a car.
我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。
[名师点津] 在此类“动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中，如用过去分词作宾语补足语，表示与宾语构成逻辑上的动宾关系或宾语所处的状态。(用现在分词作宾语补足语表示动作正在进行且与宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。)
2．意欲动词want，like，wish，order，expect等动词后接过去分词作宾语补足语，相当于过去分词前省略了to be，表示“希望/要求某事/某人被……”。
The father wants his daughter taught the piano.
这位父亲想让女儿学钢琴。
I'd like the job done when I come back from the journey.
我希望我旅行回来时，这项工作已经做完了。
3．使役动词have，get，make，leave，keep等后可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
Have you got your films developed?
你拿胶卷去冲洗了没有？
The speaker raised his voice but still couldn't make himself heard.
演讲者提高嗓音但还是不能让听众听到他的声音。
[名师点津]
“使役动词have＋宾语＋过去分词”的几种含义：
(1)主语请别人做某事
He wants to have his eyes examined tomorrow.
他明天想去检查眼睛。
(2)主语遭遇到某种不幸的事情
While they were on holiday，they had their car broken into.
他们在度假时车被撬了。
(3)使完成某事(事情既可以是别人做完，也可以由主语参与完成)
He had the walls painted this morning.
他今早给墙刷漆了。(主语自己可能参与)
4．在“with＋名词/代词＋过去分词”的复合宾语结构中，过去分词表示被动意义，过去分词与宾语在逻辑上是动宾关系。
With all the work done，I feel very relaxed now.
所有的工作都做完了，我现在感到非常放松。
An old man was brought in，with his hands tied behind his back.
一个老人被带了进来，他的双手被绑在背后。
Ⅱ.过去分词/现在分词/不定式作宾语补足语的区别
1．感官动词后接复合宾语的比较
感官动词(短语)see，watch，observe，look at，notice，hear，listen to，feel的宾语补足语主要有三种形式，试比较(以see为例)：
I heard her sing an English song just now.
刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(主动，完成)
I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.
昨天经过她房间时，我听见她正在唱英文歌。(主动，正在进行)
To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.
为了学好英语，我们应该发现机会并尽可能多地听别人说英语。(被动，无时间性)
2．使役动词make，have，get，keep，let后加复合宾语的比较(以make、have为例)：
(1)make＋宾语＋
He made his workers work 12 hours a day.
他让他的工人们每天工作12个小时。
He tried to make himself understood.
他尽量使自己被理解。
(2)
have还可用于have sth.to do结构，该结构中have作“有”讲，不定式作定语。
I have something urgent to inform you.
我有很紧急的事要通知你们。
3．with复合结构中补足语的比较
with
John received an invitation to dinner，and with his work finished，he gladly accepted it.
约翰收到一份宴请函而且他的工作也干完了，他就欣然接受了邀请。
With a lot of difficult problems to settle，the newly elected president is having a hard time.
因为有很多难题要解决，这位新任总统的日子不好过。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．They knew her very well. They had seen her (grow) up from childhood.
2．Someone saw the missing boy last (play) near the river.
3．Luo Ying heard Wang Siyu (talk) with Mr.Zhang next office yesterday.
4．Father makes/has me (wash)t he car tomorrow.
5．We have our classroom (clean )after school every day.
6．With the boy (lead)the way，we found the house easily.
7．With the boy (lead)the way，we will find the house easily tomorrow.
8．He lay on the bed with the bedroom door (shut)．
9．All the parents feel very happy to see their children (look) after well in the nursery.
10．The general ordered his soldiers (defend) against the enemy bravely.
【Key】 1.grow 2.playing 3.talking 4.wash 5.cleaned 6.leading 7.to lead 8.shut 9．looked 10.to defend
Ⅱ.句型转换
1．Those plants are not suitable for that part of the garden. They must be pulled up.
→Those plants are not suitable for that part of the garden. I must them ．
2．Though I've learnt English for years，I still can't make people understand me quite well.
→Though I've learnt English for years，I still can't make quite well.
3．I'll just wash the dishes and then I'll come.
→I'll just the dishes and then I'll come.
4．I won't hear anyone say anything against him behind his back.
→I won't hear anything against him behind his back.
5．After the hurricane，I saw lots of houses whose roofs had been blown off.
→After the hurricane，I saw lots of houses with .
【Key】 1.have; pulled up 2.myself understood
3. get/have; washed 4.said 5.roofs blown off
StepVII. Writing
应用文写作——如何写好导游词
本单元的写作任务是写一篇导游词。导游词是导游对游客所参观的景点或进行旅游活动时所作的口头介绍。一篇成功的导游词可以生动地介绍景点，吸引游客，甚至达到“未临其景，先入其境”的效果。在写作训练中一篇导游词一般由下面几部分组成：
1．简短欢迎词。首先对游客的到来表示欢迎，给游客一种“宾至如归”的温馨感觉，为接下来的旅游营造一种良好的气氛。
2．概述活动安排。对将要进行的旅游活动进行简要的介绍，让游客做到心中有数。比如入住的宾馆、乘车或就餐的时间或地点，旅游的景点、景区的特点或进行的购物活动等。
3．具体景点介绍。对具体景点的位置、建筑风格、历史、传说等进行描述。
4．表达美好祝愿。祝游客在本次旅游活动中能够开心快乐，达到放松、观光的目的。
[亮点句式]
1．问候语常用的表达方式
①Hello，my dear visitors. Welcome to...
②It's so nice to meet you here!
③I feel it a great honor to be your tour guide today.
④I'd like to take this opportunity to give you a brief introduction about...
2．景点介绍常用句式
①It was built in...so it had a very long history.
②It is located/situated...，with an area of...
③It has become the most popular tourist attraction since...
④With its pleasant climate，rich natural resources and picturesque scenery，...is one of China's major tourist cities.
3．结束语常用句式
①Please allow me，then，take this opportunity to thank you for your cooperation and understanding.
②Wish you have a good time and enjoy yourself.
③Thanks again for listening. Have a good time!
[写作要求]
假设你是王颖，是北京青年旅行社股份有限公司(Beijing Youth Travel Service Co.，Ltd.)的一名英语导游，10月1日要带一批来自美国的游客旅游观光。请根据下表提供的信息写一篇英语导游词。
北京概况
历史悠久，旅游资源丰富。2022年冬季奥运会的召开，会令北京的面貌焕然一新。
旅游活动安排
1.早七点在红星宾馆门口集合，然后乘汽车去天安门和紫禁城游览观光；
2.下午2：00乘汽车到长城游览参观。
注意：1.词数80个左右；
2．文章开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Ladies and gentlemen，
Welcome to Beijing. I'm Wang Ying. And I'm more than glad to be your guide.
Finally，I sincerely hope every one of you will enjoy yourself here.
[审题谋篇]
体裁
应用文——导游词
话题
介绍北京概况和旅游活动安排
时态
介绍北京概况用一般现在时而介绍将来的活动要用一般将来时
人称
主要人称应以第一和第三人称为主
[遣词造句]
Ⅰ.词汇
1．……丰富
2．举办
3．呈现
4．乘车
5．人造的
6．玩得愉快
【Key】 1.be rich in 2.take place 3.take on
4．take a bus 5.man-made 6.enjoy oneself
Ⅱ.句式
1．很荣幸成为您的导游。
to be your guide.
2．北京历史悠久。
Beijing ．
3．将举办2022年冬季奥运会。
The 2022 Winter Olympic Games in Beijing.
4．早上七点在门口集合。
We'll at 7：00 in the morning.
5．众所周知，长城是世界上最长的人造建筑。
，the Great Wall is the longest man-made structure in the world.
【Key】 1.It's a great honour 2.has a long history
3．will take place/be held 4.meet at the gate
5．As is known to all/As we all know
[妙笔成篇]
【One possible version】
Ladies and gentlemen，
Welcome to Beijing. I'm Wang Ying. And I'm more than glad to be your guide.
With a long history，Beijing is rich in tourist attractions .Besides，it will take place on a fresh look because of the 2022 Winter Olympic Games. Now I'd like to tell you something about our trip.
At 7：00 on the morning of October 1，we'll meet at the gate of Hongxing Hotel and then we'll take a bus to our traveling destinations. First，we'll go to Tian'anmen Square，then the Forbidden City. At 2 o'clock in the afternoon，we'll visit the Great Wall，which is known as the longest man-made structure in the world.
Finally，I sincerely hope every one of you will enjoy yourself here.
StepVIII. Homework
1. To Finish Exercise 1 & 2 on page 11.
2. Find sentences with past particles in the text and get prepared for grammar study.
略。
课件85张PPT。Warming upEnglandWhen you mention England, what or who will you think of?Brainstorming:English language……Manchester UnionBig BenQueen VictoriaCambridge UniversityPrincess DianaBeckhamrose of EnglandSt.Stephen’s Tower of the Palace of Westminster is
Commonly known as “Big Ben”, the name of the bell insideUniversity of CambridgeOxford UniversityStonehenge, in EnglandParliament HousesGreenwich Observatory Buckingham PalaceSt. Paul’s CathedralHow many countries does the UK consist of?A quiz 1.How long does it take to fly from Beijing to London Heathrow Airport?
A. About six hours
B. about ten hours
C. about sixteen hours
2.Who rules the country: the Prime Minister or the Queen?
A. The Queen
B. The Prime Minister
C. bothBB3.What are the provinces called in England?
A. counties
B. departments
C. states
4.Which is the longest river in England?
A. The River Avon
B. The River Thames
C. The River SevernABHow do I love thee? ???????????Elizabeth Barrett BrowningHow do I love thee? Let me count the ways.
I love thee to the depth and breadth and height
My soul can reach, when feeling out of sight
For the ends of being and ideal Grace.
I love thee to the level of everyday's
Most quiet need, by sun and candlelight.
I love thee freely, as men strive for Right;
I love thee purely, as they turn from Praise.
I love thee with the passion put to use
In my old griefs, and with my childhood's faith.
I love thee with a love I seemed to lose
With my last saints-I love thee with the breath,
Smiles, tears, of all my life!-and, if God choose,
I shall but love thee better after death.
The UK. If we want to describe a country ,
what do we need to write about ?location /size / population / people / language / weather / flower/ resource /history / cultureReadingPossible answers:According to the text, join lines to the right answer.
Para. 1. Explains the joining of England and Wales.
Para. 2. States topic to be examined in the reading.
Para. 3. Explains the importance of London as a
cultural and political centre in the UK.
Para. 4. Explains what the term “Great Britain”
means and how it came about.
Para. 5. Explains differences in the four countries.
Para. 6. Explains how England is divided into three
zones.Task 2 Answer the following questions: 1. When did Wales link to England?
2. What happened in 1603?
3. What are the names of the flags of England, Scotland,
Ireland and the UK?
In the 13th century ADGreat Britain was the name given when England and Wales were joined to Scotland.See under the Flag. Look at Flag of United Kingdom Cross of St George聖喬治旗 (England)Cross of St Andrew聖安德魯旗(Scotland)第一面米字旗Why do you know the flag called the Union Jack?Cross of St. Patrick’s (Ireland)現在的米字旗「Union Jack」or「Union Flag」Task 3Finish Comprehending 1 and 2Answer the questions
1. The Union Jack flag unites the three flags of three countries in the United Kingdom. Which country is left out? Why?
The country left out is Wales. It is usually assumed to be part of England.
North :
Midlands:
South:
Leeds, York, Sheffield, Manchester
Coventry, BirminghamReading, London, Brighton, Plymouth
Does England, Britain or the Great Britain mean the same as the UK? If not, tell the difference between them? Task 4. Part 1: About the UKPart 2: About EnglandPart 3: About LondonParagraph 1-4Paragraph 5Paragraph 6Paragraph 5 The geographical division of England, the similarities and differencesParagraph 6 The cultural of London Task 5. What’s the writing style ?The text is written in narrative style, which introduces to the learners how the UK was formed geographically and historically, mainly dealing with England and the other three countries, which not only work together as a union in many aspects but also develop their own administrative(行政的)systems. It also introduces the four invaders who influenced the UK language, place-names, vocabulary and system of government .Task 6. Use the information to write a short summary of the passage:The writer examines how the UK developed as an administrative unit. It shows how England is also divided into three zones. It explains why London became the cultural capital of England. consist vi. 组成，一致
divide vt. 分配，分开
puzzle n. 难题；谜
vt. 使迷惑
debate vi. & n． 争论，辩论
clarify vt. 澄清，阐明
relation n. 关系；联系Vocabularybreak away 显然的；表面上的
union n. 滑动；滑跤
legal adj. 租用；雇佣
convenience n. 插入；嵌入
collection n. 做出反应；回应
construct vt. 建造；构造；创立
influence vt. 影响，改变
n. 影响，势力，有影响的人或事1. How many countries does UK consist of?
大不列颠由多少个国家组成？
consist vi. 在于，存在于，组成，构成，
一致，适合Language points
习惯搭配：
consist of 由…组成，由…构成，包括 （注意：不能用于被动语态和进行时态） = be made up of
consist in 基于，在于，存在…之中Coal consists mostly of carbon.
煤大部分由碳组成。
This club consists of more than 200 members.
这个俱乐部由２００位以上的会员构成。
2. England can be divided into three main areas.
英国可以分成三大部分．
divide 意为“把一个整体分成若干个部分” 常与 into，among, between 搭配
divide into 把…分成
divide sth. among sb. 在…分配
divide sth. with sb. 与…分担
divide… by… 用…除以辨析：divide, separate
divide 划分；把整体分成若干部分，破坏了宾语的完整性．
separate 分隔；把原来连在一起或靠近的分隔开来，没有破坏宾语的完整性，只是将宾语分开．The world is divided into five continents.
Let’s divide the cake into three.
He separated the big eggs from the small ones.
The grinding machine(碾谷机） separates the grain from the husk（糠）.
1) The apple was _______ into two.
2) We _______the money equally.
3) Oxygen can be _________from water.
4) The Taiwan Strait _________ Taiwan from Fujian.
divideddividedseparatedseparates 3. There is no need to debate any more about why different words are used to describe the four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Island ．
对于用来描述英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰这四个国家的词语，现在已经没有争辩的必要了。（１）句型：There is no need to do sth. 没有必要做某事
There is no need (for you) to come if you don’t want to. 如果你不想来，那就没有必要来了．
Is there any need to explain any further？还有必要作进一步的解释吗？
（２）句中why引导宾语从句，作介词about的宾语 debate v. & n. ①辩论，讨论 debate about sth. 对某事进行辩论，讨论
What are they debating (about)?
We are just debating what to do next.
After a long debate, the House of Commons approved the bill. 经过长时间的讨论，众议院通过了这项法案． 4. You can easily clarify any problems if you study British history .
如果你学习了英国历史，很容易就能弄清楚任何问题。clarify vt. 澄清，讲清楚；阐明
vi. 澄清，清楚，明了；易懂事
Could you clarify the question？
你能解释这个问题吗？
His mind suddenly clarified.
他的头脑突然清醒了．
拓展：clarification n.5. However, just as they were going to get Ireland
connected to form the United Kingdom, the
Southern part of that country broke away to form
its own government.
然而，正当他们打算把爱尔兰也同另外三个国家
联合起来形成联合王国的时候，爱尔兰的南部却
分离出去了。break v. (broke, broken)
＜习惯搭配＞
break away 破坏、出故障、分解、脱离
break down 抛锚，出故障，身体跨了，削弱
break into 闯入，突然发出
break out （战争、瘟疫、火灾）爆发
break off 中断
break the rules 违反规则
break the records 打破记录 6. England is the largest of the four countries and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones.
在这四个国家中，英格兰最大，为了方便起见，它大致被分为了三个地区．
convenience n. 方便，便利
I keep my reference books near my desk for convenience. 为了图方便，我把参考书放在书桌前．
＜习惯搭配＞
at your convenience 在您方便的时候
for convenience’s sake 为了方便起见
make a convenience of sb.（乘机）利用某人
convenient adj. 适合需要的，方便的＜拓展＞a convenient place/ time
It is an inconvenient time to come.
I can’t see him now; it’s not convenient.
Will it be convenient for you to start work tomorrow?
7. Although the four countries do work together in some areas ( for example, in international relations), they are still different.
尽管这四个国家在某些方面（如国际关系方面）是合作的，但它们还是不同的．注意: work together是一个习惯用语，不能按字
面意思直译。work 在此处的被译为“起反应，起作用”
由动词work 构成的词组：
work well 做得好
work in / into 渗透，渗入
work at something 从事
work out 算出
work one’s will on /upon somebody
将某人的意志强加给别人
8. However, these industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not have the historical attractions of other places.
然而,这些在十九世纪建立起来的城市却没有其它地方所具有的历史魅力.attraction n. １） 吸引，引力；
２）吸引人的东西；喜闻乐见的东西；精彩节目
attractive adj. 有吸引力，诱人的
attraction of gravity 重力
He can’t resist the attraction of the sea on hot day. 酷热的夏天他经不住海的诱惑．A big city offers many and varied attractions.
大城市有多种多样吸引人的东西．
What are the principle attractions this evening?
今天晚上的拿手节目是什么？
9. But London has been influenced only by some invaders of England.
但是伦敦仅受一些入侵者的影响．
influence vt. & n.影响，感化, 影响力
＜短语＞ have influence with / on 对…有影响
under the influence of 在…影响下My teacher influenced my decision to study art.
The weather influences crops.
My teacher’s influence made me study science at college.
He is a man of influence in the city.10. If you look around the British countryside, you will find evidence of all these invaders.
如果你的在英国四处走走的话，就会发现这些入侵者的痕迹．
invader n. 入侵者；侵略者 invade vt. 侵入；侵略；拥入；挤满
Hitler invaded Poland in 1939.
希特勒１９３９年入侵波兰．
Disease invade the body.
疾病侵袭身体．
Holiday makers invade the seaside towns in summer. 在夏季，度假者大批涌入海滨城市．7. 省略句：结构中的主语与主名句的主语一致时，可省略相同成分。
It looked splendid when first built!
当第一次建的时候它看上去很辉煌！
When____________________, he went red.asked why he was lateWhen first built = When it was first built8. in memory of = in honor of 为了纪念The museum was built in memory of the great writer – Lu Xun.in celebration of 为了庆祝A grand party was held in celebration of their victory.9. But London has been influenced only by some invaders of England.
但是伦敦仅受一些入侵者的影响．
influence vt. & n.影响，感化, 影响力
＜短语＞ have influence with / on 对…有影响
under the influence of 在…影响下My teacher influenced my decision to study art.
The weather influences crops.
My teacher’s influence made me study science at college.
He is a man of influence in the city.10. If you look around the British countryside, you will find evidence of all these invaders.
如果你的在英国四处走走的话，就会发现这些入侵者的痕迹．
invader n. 入侵者；侵略者 invade vt. 侵入；侵略；拥入；挤满
Hitler invaded Poland in 1939.
希特勒１９３９年入侵波兰．
Disease invade the body.
疾病侵袭身体．
Holiday makers invade the seaside towns in summer. 在夏季，度假者大批涌入海滨城市．阅读下列句子，并体会黑体部分的用法
1．Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.
2．Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way.
3．You find most of the population settled in the south，but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England.
4．It passes through Greenwich，so Pingyu had a photo taken standing on either side of the line.
5．However，just as they were going to get Ireland connected to form the United Kingdom，the southern part of that country broke away to form its own government.Grammar要点精析Ⅰ.常见的过去分词作宾语补足语的情况
1．感官动词see，hear，notice，observe，watch，feel，find等后可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
I saw an old man knocked down by a car.
我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。
[名师点津] 在此类“动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中，如用过去分词作宾语补足语，表示与宾语构成逻辑上的动宾关系或宾语所处的状态。(用现在分词作宾语补足语表示动作正在进行且与宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。)2．意欲动词want，like，wish，order，expect等动词后接过去分词作宾语补足语，相当于过去分词前省略了to be，表示“希望/要求某事/某人被……”。
The father wants his daughter taught the piano.
这位父亲想让女儿学钢琴。
I'd like the job done when I come back from the journey.
我希望我旅行回来时，这项工作已经做完了。3．使役动词have，get，make，leave，keep等后可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
Have you got your films developed?
你拿胶卷去冲洗了没有？
The speaker raised his voice but still couldn't make himself heard.
演讲者提高嗓音但还是不能让听众听到他的声音。
He had the walls painted this morning.
他今早给墙刷漆了。(主语自己可能参与)[名师点津]
“使役动词have＋宾语＋过去分词”的几种含义：
(1) 主语请别人做某事
He wants to have his eyes examined tomorrow.
他明天想去检查眼睛。
(2) 主语遭遇到某种不幸的事情
While they were on holiday，they had their car broken into.
他们在度假时车被撬了。
(3) 使完成某事 (事情既可以是别人做完，也可以由主语参与完成)
He had the walls painted this morning.
他今早给墙刷漆了。(主语自己可能参与)4．在“with＋名词/代词＋过去分词”的复合宾语结构中，过去分词表示被动意义，过去分词与宾语在逻辑上是动宾关系。
With all the work done，I feel very relaxed now.
所有的工作都做完了，我现在感到非常放松。
An old man was brought in，with his hands tied behind his back.
一个老人被带了进来，他的双手被绑在背后。
Ⅱ.过去分词/现在分词/不定式作宾语补足语的区别1．感官动词后接复合宾语的比较
感官动词(短语)see，watch，observe，look at，notice，hear，listen to，feel的宾语补足语主要有三种形式，试比较(以see为例)：
I heard her sing an English song just now.
刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(主动，完成)
I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.
昨天经过她房间时，我听见她正在唱英文歌。(主动，正在进行)
To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.
为了学好英语，我们应该发现机会并尽可能多地听别人说英语。(被动，无时间性)2. 使役动词make，have，get，keep，let后加复合宾 语的比较(以make、have为例)He made his workers work 12 hours a day.
他让他的工人们每天工作12个小时。
He tried to make himself understood.
他尽量使自己被理解。3．with复合结构中补足语的比较
John received an invitation to dinner，and with his work finished，he gladly accepted it.
约翰收到一份宴请函而且他的工作也干完了，他就欣然接受了邀请。
With a lot of difficult problems to settle，the newly elected president is having a hard time.
因为有很多难题要解决，这位新任总统的日子不好过。Ⅰ.单句语法填空。用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．They knew her very well. They had seen her (grow) up from childhood.
2．Someone saw the missing boy last (play) near the river.
3．Luo Ying heard Wang Siyu (talk) with Mr.Zhang next office yesterday.
4．Father makes/has me (wash)t he car tomorrow.
5．We have our classroom (clean )after school every day.
6．With the boy (lead)the way，we found the house easily.
7．With the boy (lead)the way，we will find the house easily tomorrow.
8．He lay on the bed with the bedroom door (shut)．
9．All the parents feel very happy to see their children (look) after well in the nursery.
10．The general ordered his soldiers (defend) against the enemy growplayingtalkingwashcleanedleadingto leadshutlookedto defendExerciseⅡ.句型转换
1．Those plants are not suitable for that part of the garden. They must be pulled up.
→Those plants are not suitable for that part of the garden. I must them ___________．
2．Though I've learnt English for years，I still can't make people understand me quite well.
→Though I've learnt English for years，I still can't make quite well.
3．I'll just wash the dishes and then I'll come.
→I'll just the dishes and then I'll come.
4．I won't hear anyone say anything against him behind his back.
→I won't hear anything against him behind his back.
5．After the hurricane，I saw lots of houses whose roofs had been blown off.
→After the hurricane，I saw lots of houses with .
havepulled up myself understoodget/havewashedsaidroofs blown off本单元的写作任务是写一篇导游词。导游词是导游对游客所参观的景点或进行旅游活动时所作的口头介绍。一篇成功的导游词可以生动地介绍景点，吸引游客，甚至达到“未临其景，先入其境”的效果。在写作训练中一篇导游词一般由下面几部分组成：
1. 简短欢迎词。首先对游客的到来表示欢迎，给游客一种“宾至如归”的温馨感觉，为接下来的旅游营造一种良好的气氛。
2. 概述活动安排。对将要进行的旅游活动进行简要的介绍，让游客做到心中有数。比如入住的宾馆、乘车或就餐的时间或地点，旅游的景点、景区的特点或进行的购物活动等。
3. 具体景点介绍。对具体景点的位置、建筑风格、历史、传说等进行描述
4. 表达美好祝愿。祝游客在本次旅游活动中能够开心快乐，达到观光的目的。Writing亮点句式1．问候语常用的表达方式
①Hello, my dear visitors. Welcome to...
②It's so nice to meet you here!
③I feel it a great honor to be your tour guide today.
④I'd like to take this opportunity to give you a brief introduction about...2．景点介绍常用句式
①It was built in...so it had a very long history.
②It is located/situated...，with an area of...
③It has become the most popular tourist attraction since...
④With its pleasant climate，rich natural resources and picturesque scenery，...is one of China's major tourist cities.
3．结束语常用句式
①Please allow me，then，take this opportunity to thank you for your cooperation and understanding.
②Wish you have a good time and enjoy yourself.
③Thanks again for listening. Have a good time!
[写作要求]
假设你是王颖，是北京青年旅行社股份有限公司(Beijing Youth Travel Service Co.，Ltd.)的一名英语导游，10月1日要带一批来自美国的游客旅游观光。请根据下表提供的信息写一篇英语导游词。
北京概况
历史悠久，旅游资源丰富。2022年冬季奥运会的召开，会令北京的面貌焕然一新。
旅游活动安排
1.早七点在红星宾馆门口集合，然后乘汽车去天安门和紫禁城游览观光；
2.下午2：00乘汽车到长城游览参观。
注意：1.词数80个左右；
2．文章开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
【One possible version】
Ladies and gentlemen，
Welcome to Beijing. I'm Wang Ying. And I'm more than glad to be your guide.
With a long history，Beijing is rich in tourist attractions .Besides，it will take place on a fresh look because of the 2022 Winter Olympic Games. Now I'd like to tell you something about our trip.
At 7：00 on the morning of October 1，we'll meet at the gate of Hongxing Hotel and then we'll take a bus to our traveling destinations. First，we'll go to Tian'anmen Square，then the Forbidden City. At 2 o'clock in the afternoon，we'll visit the Great Wall，which is known as the longest man-made structure in the world.
Finally，I sincerely hope every one of you will enjoy yourself here.? 1. To Finish Exercise 1 & 2 on page 11.
2. Find sentences with past particles in the text and get prepared for grammar study.
Homework
