Unit 5 First aid
本单元的中心话题为“急救”‘具体涉及一些紧急情况下应采取的急救措施’尤为详细地陈述了“烧伤”的急救常识，并通过一个真实的第一时间对被烧伤者进行急救的故事阐明急救的重要性。
窗体顶端
“热身”（warming up）部分呈现了急救的定义，并要求学生讨论六幅画里出现的紧急情况及应采取的急救措施。
“读前”（pre-reading）以图片带出“烧伤”的主题，要求学生讨论“烧伤”情境下应采取的急救措施。“读前”为“阅读”部分进行了预热和铺垫。
“阅读”（reading）部分脉络清晰，依此介绍了皮肤的作用、烧伤的起因、烧伤的种类、烧伤的特征及应采取的急救措施。
“理解”（comprehending）部分设置了四个与阅读相关的练习。首先是对课文内容的排序，其次是通过烧伤症状确定烧伤种类，再次是判断所采取的急救措施的正误，最后是与课文内容理解相关的问题。
“语言学习”（learning about language）的词汇部分是学习与单元主题“急救”相关的词汇；语法部分采用先发现后应用的方法学习省略句。先给出几组句子让学生观察比较，认识什么是省略句，然后通过简化和还原练习加以巩固。
“语言运用”（using language）部分包括读、讨论、听、说与写。阅读与讨论部分以一个真实的故事突出急救的重要性，并通过学生的自主讨论达到真正的领悟；听、说、写部分以急救常识训练学生的听、说、写技能。
“小结”（summing up）部分要求学生对急救常识（包括烧伤急救）、词汇、省略及如何发出、书写指令进行自评，以明确已掌握的和未掌握好的。
1. Language skills
(1).Students will be able to master the useful new words in this passage: skin, liquid, radiation, mildly, swollen, blister, scissors, and bandage.
(2).Students can learn about some first aid knowledge.
(3).Students are able to know about burns and first aid treatment for burns.
2. Emotion attitude
(1).Students’ interest in first aid can be stimulated. Students’ awareness of the importance of knowing about first aid can be increased and they will be able to know how to protect themselves and help others when accidents happen.
(2). Students’ sense of cooperative learning can be developed.
3. Ability objectives:
(1).Students can distinguish different reading skills.
(2).Students can describe types and characteristics of burns and first aid treatment for burns.
1. Teaching important points:
(1). Students know about burns and first aid treatment for burns.
(2).Students learn different reading skills, such as skimming and scanning.
2. Teaching difficult points:
(1).Students learn to use skimming and scanning skills to complete some reading tasks.
(2).Students are able to know about burns and first aid treatment for burns.
(3).Students are able to have the ability to think and express how to perform first aid treatment in English.
1. Student-centered teaching method
2. Task-based reading method ‘
3. Role-play
Multimedia, some cards and objects
Step 1 Warming up
1. Greetings.
2. (Show Zhang Lilli’s photo on the screen)
T: Do you know the lady?
Have you heard of her story?
Do you admire her brave behavior?
If you were on the spot, what could you do to help her?
Respond to different answers.
3. (Show some pictures on the screen)
T: In such situations, who needs first aid? When do people need first aid? Why do people need first aid?
After finding the answers in warming up, students report their answers and make a conclusion on what first aid is.
Step 2 Pre-reading
(Show a picture on the screen)
T: The scene is very common in our life.
What happened to the girl?
Before the girl is sent to hospital, what kind of first aid could her mother give to her? Next we will have a further study about First aid of burns.
Step 3 While-reading
1. Fast reading
Students skim the whole passage and then put the following five parts in right order according to the development of the passage or headlines in it.
_____ the types of burns
_____ what to do if someone gets burned
_____ the functions of skin
_____ the symptoms of burns
_____ how we get burns
Check the answers with the class.
2. Careful reading
1). (Show a picture of skin on the screen)
After learning about the layers of skin, students read Paragraph One to find functions of skin and fill in the blanks.
It keeps you _____ or _____.
It prevents your body ____________.
It is where you feel ___________.
It gives you your ____________.
Ask individual students to answer.
2).T: Skin is helpful, we must protect it. But sometimes, because of our carelessness, we are burned.
Besides hot water or hot liquids, what other things can cause burns?
(Show some pictures on the screen)
Talk about these pictures one by one.
Students will learn the new word radiation.
3).T: When you are close to these things, please be careful. Because once your skin gets burned, it can be very serious. Different causes can lead to different types of burns and each type has its own characteristics.
Students are asked to read types of burns and characteristics of burns.
While reading, they need to consider the following three questions.
(1). How many types of burns are there?
(2). In each type, which layer of skin is affected?
(3). Which type of burns is it in each picture?
After answering the three questions, students are asked to look at the three pictures carefully again. While analyzing the pictures, they will learn some new words swollen, blister, char.
4) T: If a person is burned, different types require different treatments. Read first aid treatment carefully paying attention to the key words in each step.
(1).After reading, two girls and two boys are invited to the front to put the cards which are in a mess on the blackboard in right order.
(The six cards are Remove clothing, Cool burns, Place cloths, Dry burned area, Cover bandage, Get victim to hospital)
(2).Students choose the suitable things that can be used in first aid treatment of burns
(cool water, scissors, dry bandage, warm water, clean cloths, clean bandage, ointment, wet bandage, oil, icy water, cold water)
(3).Students answer three questions
(a)Why should you put cold water on a burn?
(b)Why can’t you put ointment, oil or butter on burns?
(c)If burns are on arms or legs, what should the victim do? If burns are on the face, what should the victim do?
Check answers by asking individual students.
3. Consolidation
Students are divided into several groups. They cooperate to fill in a chart, which is about the whole passage.
After two students write their answers on the blackboard, check the answers together.
First aid for burns
The of skin
Skin acts as a against disease, poisons and the sun’s harmful rays.
Burns
Hot liquids, steam, and so on can burns.
First degree burns affect the layer of the skin.
degree burns are very painful.
Third degree burns have little or no pain because
are damaged.
for burns
Clothes and jewellery near burns should be removed because bacteria from them could the burns.
It’s better to put water on the first and second burns for ten minutes.
Use a dry and clean to cover the burned area.
Step 4 Post-reading
Check if students know about first aid treatment for other unexpected situations. Students are divided into five groups. Each group chooses a poker card. According to the request behind each poker card, they have a discussion. Then each group recommends one or more students to the front to report their group discussion and act it out. In the performance, students can choose the things that they need, such as ice pack, wound plaster, bandage, doll.
Situations 1. Tom has an asthma (哮喘) , but he doesn’t have his medicine. You’d better:
A. Get him a cup of coffee.
B. Take him outside for fresh air.
Situations 2. When you have a nosebleed, what should you do?
Use your body language to act it out.
Situations 3. For not serious cuts, w ____ the area of cut, d ____ it and c ____ it with a b ____ or a piece of dry and clean cloth.
Situations 4. What could you do to save a drowning person? Please act it out.
Situations 5. How to treat Sprained Ankle? Choose the right answers to fill in the blanks.
Act it out.
First--- have the victim___1____ and ___2____ the foot. Second --- ___3_____around the foot and ankle.
Third ---___4____ on the ankle to reduce the swelling.
(put an ice pack, sit down, put a bandage, raise)
Step 5 Language points
核心单词
1. aid
n.& vi. 帮助；援助；资助
vt.&n. 帮助;援助;救助
They aided flood victims. 他们援助遭受水灾的灾民。
They aided in solving the problem. 他们帮忙解决这个问题。
常用结构:
first aid 急救
aid sb. 帮助某人
aid sb. with sth. 帮助某人(做)某事
in aid of 支持;为……筹措
aid sb. in (doing) sth. 在……方面帮助某人
联想拓展
表示一般意义的“帮助”或“援助”时，aid 是不可数名词；表示具体意义的“助手”、“辅助用品”时，aid是可数名词。如：A dictionary is an important aid in learning a new language. (字典是学习一种新语言的重要工具)。用作动词时，搭配为aid sb. to do sth. 帮助某人（做）某事(其中的 to 不可省略)，也可用于 aid sb. in doing sth.帮助某人(做)某事。
易混辨析
aid/help/assistance
aid 表示经济或其他方面给予的帮助或援助，多指强者(或足够者)援助弱者，多用于团体。
help 指给人精神或物质上的帮助，强调受助者的需要，有利于达到一定的目的或目标。
assistance 多指个人给予道义、知识、物质等方面的帮助，所提供的帮助往往只起辅助作用。
高手过招
单句改错 ①The family lived on government aids for two years.
②We may travel on/under the aid of a good map.
③We’ve aided him finish the work ahead of time.
答案：①aids→aid ②on/under→with ③finish→to finish或in finishing
2. injury
n. 损伤；伤害
Many common injuries happen every day in the home.
家庭中每天都有许多常见的意外伤害。
常用结构:
do sb. an injury 伤害某人
be an injury to sb./sth. 伤害；危害某人/某事
escape injury 免受伤害
repair injury 赔偿损害
serious／severe injuries 重伤
a slight injury 轻伤
In the crash he suffered severe injuries to the head and arms.
在事故中他头部和双臂受了重伤。
易混辨析
injure/wound/hurt
injure指人在意外事故中受到的伤害,用于无生命物体的损坏，更多用于表示对人的某个部位的损伤。
wound 指利器或子弹对肉体造成的伤害。是出血的、严重的伤，特指战场上的受伤。也指感情受伤。
hurt 指的伤害与injure 同样严重，也可指较轻的疼痛，常指因不小心而引起的痛苦或意外地受到伤害。hurt 也可指对人的感情的伤害。
Your remark may injure her pride.
你的话也许会伤她的自尊。
Blood gushed from his wound.血从他的伤口涌出。
Hurt other people, hurt yourself.害人害己。
高手过招
选词填空(injure/hurt/wound)
①Ten soldiers were killed and thirty serious .
②He was deeply by her dishonesty.
③I my back lifting that box.
④In the traffic accident ten were killed and eight were .
⑤She felt at your words.
⑥The bullet him in the shoulder.
答案：①wounded ②hurt ③hurt ④injured ⑤hurt ⑥wounded
3. situation
n. 形势;处境;事态;局面;位置
易混辨析
situation/state/condition
situation指一定时期内总的情况、形势、事态，亦可指国际、国内形势，是可数名词。
state用单数形式表示人或事物的情况及状况，如外貌、心理、外观等方面’可与不定冠词连用，常用于in a state of或in a... state。
condition的单数形式表示人或物本身的状况，在这个意思上与state相近；而复数形式则指事物之外的环境与情况，与circumstances意思相近。
When he later grew to dislike Eliza, he faced a difficult situation.
当他接下来对伊丽莎的讨厌与日俱增的时候，他陷入了一种困难的境地。
After that I give the students various situations and they make up sentences about them.
从那以后’我提供给学生各种各样的情境，他们依照这些情境造句。
His business is in a good state. 他的生意很好。
The condition of the house was so bad that nothing could make it safe to live in.
房屋的条件太差了以至于不能安全地住在里面。
温馨提示
situation与condition, occasion, point, case一样，后常用where, in which引导定语从句。
Can you imagine a situation where/in which you can use the word?你能想像出可以使用这个单词的语境吗？
高手过招
用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
①He’s got himself into a dangerous situation he is likely to lose control over the plane.
②I can ,t think of the situation I meet my father.
③They have to think of a good idea to cope with the situation they face.
答案：①where ②where ③that/which
4. damage
vt.& n. 损害；毁坏
易混辨析
ruin/destroy/damage
ruin强调毁灭的彻底性，并且是一次性的行动。这种毁灭也许力量不是很大，但其严重性却使其不能修复,它强调的是毁坏的长期结果。
destroy指通过某种有力的或粗暴的手段使之毁灭或无用，一般不能或很难修复，有时用于比喻意义。
damage则指对价值和功能的破坏，多用于无生命的东西’一般还可以修复。
The house across the street is in ruins.
街道对面的房子已是一片废墟。
The earthquake destroyed a lot of buildings.
地震毁坏了许多楼房。
The bridge was damaged by the flood.
那座桥梁被洪水损坏了。
温馨提示
destroy只能用作动词’而ruin和damage既能用作动词又能用作名词。
高手过招
单项填空
An earthquake struck this area, a lot of damage.
A.making B. causing C. done D. Caused
解析:选B。make与damage不能搭配使用；“造成损失、损害”用do/cause damage；此处的动词与前面的句子构成逻辑上的主谓关系，所以需用现在分词作结果状语。
5. present
n.礼物；目前
adj.在场;出席;当前的
v.颁发;授予;赠给
常用结构：
be present at 出席
the present day=today 今天
at present／at the present time＝now 现在
for the present=for the time being 暂时
the present 现在(相当于名词)
present sb. with sth=present sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人
present?day attitudes/fashion现在的态度/流行款式
联想拓展
present作动词，表示“给予’赠送”之意，常用于present sth.to sb.或present sb. with sth.搭配中，此外，present作动词还有“呈现’显示；阐述’表达；引见”等意思。
作形容词既可作前置修饰语，也可作表语，常意为“现存的；现在的；在场的；出席的”等。
②作不可数名词时，表示区别于过去或将来的“现在”；作可数名词时’意为“礼物”。
The same problem presented itself to her again.
同样的问题又在她身上出现。
He presented the school with a check for one million dollars.他赠予学校一张一百万美元的支票。
May I present you to my husband?
我可以把您介绍给我丈夫吗?
We learn from the past, experience the present and hope for success in the future.
我们学习过去，体验现在，希望成就未来。
I got many presents for my birthday.我收到很多生日礼物。
高手过招
单项填空
①There are plenty of jobs in the western part of the country. A. Present B. available
C. Precious D. convenient
②All the people at the party were all his supporters.
A. Present B. thankful
C. Interested D. Important
解析: ①选B。present在场的；available可用的;可得到的;precious珍贵的;convenient方便的。根据句意,应选B。
②选A。(be) present at意为“出席、在场”符合句意。
重点短语
6. fall ill
生病
Hearing the bad news, he fell ill. 听到坏消息后’他病了。
联想拓展
fall behind 落后
fall sick 生病
fall asleep 入睡
fall down 掉下；倒塌
fall in love with .. 爱上……
fall off 脱落；减少；从……上掉下
fall into the habit of ... 养成……的习惯
fall over 跌倒；翻倒；落到……上
fall silent 沉默
高手过招
完成句子
不久后他就病倒了，而且一病不起。
He soon after and did not recover.
②形势严峻，不进则退。
Given the pressing situation, we must move forward, or we will .
③这家报纸的发行量开始锐减。
The circulation of the newspaper began to sharply.
答案：①fell ill ②fall behind ③fall off
7. in place
在适当的位置；适当
I like everything to be in place.
我喜欢所有的东西都放在原来的地方。
With everything in place, she started the slide show.
一切就绪，她开始放幻灯片。
联想拓展
be in/out of order 有条理/无条理；坏了
be in/out of control 正常/失控
be in/out of danger 有危险/脱离危险
in place of...＝take the place of... 代替；取代
give place to 被……取代；让位于……
out of place 不在适当的位置；不合适
高手过招
(1)单项填空
His efforts to raise money for his program were because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets. A. in place B. in sight C. in effect D. in vain
(2)完成句子
①你可以用木柴来取代煤。
You can use wood coal.
②棉花要取代丝绸。
Cotton is silk.
③你的提议很恰当。
Your proposal is quite .
解析:(1) 选D。考查介词短语。根据下文“no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets”可知,为集资做出的努力都白费了故选in vain(白费力)。in place在适当位置;in sight 在视线内;in effect 实际上。
(2)①in place of ②taking the place of ③in place
8. make a difference
有很大差别；有很大不同；有很大的关系/影响
Whether he could get the support from his parents made a great difference to the plan.
他是否能得到父母的支持对这个计划的影响很大。
Does it any difference whether he?ll attend the meeting?
他出不出席会议有什么区别吗？
联想拓展
make a difference between ...and ... 区别对待……
make some difference to对…… 有些关系
make no difference to 对……没有关系
make all the difference 关系重大；大不相同
高手过招
翻译句子
①这次旅行对他以后的人生很有影响。
②让警察知道一些证据关系重大。
答案：①The travel made a difference to his later life.
②It makes all the difference to inform the policemen of some evidence.
重点句型
9. Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.
除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上否则都要把衣服脱掉。如果需要的话可以使用剪刀。
unless是连词意为“如果不’除非”。在真实条件句中unless引导的肯定条件状语从句可以和if...not...引导的否定状语从句互换。
Unless you change your mind, I won’t be able to help you.
=If you don’t change your mind, I won’t be able to help you.
除非你改变想法’否则我不能帮助你。
I want you to keep working unless I tell you to stop.
=I want you to keep working if I don’t tell you to stop.
如果我没说让你停，你就得继续干。
注意：unless 不可用于假想的事情，因此当if...not引导非真实条件状语从句时’一般不可改用unless。
高手过招
单项填空
①All the dishes in this menu, otherwise stated, will serve two to three people. A. As B. if C. though D. unless
②Don’t promise anything you are one hundred percent sure. A. Whether B. after C. how D. unless
③ __________you have tried it, you can’t imagine how pleasant it is.
Unless B. Because C. Although D. When
解析: ①选D。考查状语从句的引导词。句意为：在这份菜单上的所有菜，除非另外说明，会给两到三个人食用。
选D。句意为：除非你有完全的把握，否则不要做出承诺。unless除非。
③选A。句中unless意为“如果不”,可以与if...not互换。
10. John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.
约翰正在房里学习，突然听到一声尖叫。
此句型中when作并列连词,相当于and then,意为“正当……时’就在那时’突然”。
常用结构：
be doing...when... 正在做……突然……
had done...when... 刚做了……突然……
be about to do...when... 刚要做……突然……
be on the point of doing sth. when... 刚要做……突然……
高手过招
单项填空
①She had just finished her homework her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.
A. when B. while C. after D. since
②We were swimming in the lake suddenly the storm started.
A. when B. while C. until D. before
③I along the street looking for a place to park when the accident .
A. went; was occurring B. went; occurred
C. was going; occurred D. was going; had occurred
解析: ①选A。由句意可知此处when用作并列连词，意为“这时”。
选A。when作连词，表示“正在这时”。句意为：我们正在湖中游泳，突然暴风雨来了。③选C。主句要用过去进行时,表示当时正在路上走着；when引导的从句多用一般过去时。
Step 6 Grammar
省略
（一）并列句中的省略
在并列句中，第二分句（或第三、第四分句）往往可以省略与前句相同的成分。
如：Some books are to be tasted,?others (are) to be swallowed,?and some few
(are) to be chewed and digested.
（二）简单句中的省略
1．省略主语
1)祈使句中的主语通常被省略。如：
(You) Be seated,?please.
2）其他省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。如：
(I)Thank you for your help. （谢谢你的帮助。）
(It)Doesn’t matter. （没关系。）
2．省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分。如：
(There is) No smoking. （禁止吸烟。）
(Is there) Anything else?（还有其他事吗？）
(You come) This way,?please. （请这边走）。
(Will you)Have a smoke?（吸支烟？）
What (do you) think about a cup of tea? （来一杯怎么样？）
Why（do you）not say hello to him ?（为什么不和他说声再见呢？）
3．省略宾语。如：
—Do you know Miss Gao? （你认识高小姐吗？）
—I don’t know（her）. （我不认识。）
—Which of them is the better choice? （他们中谁是更合适的人选？）
—Well,? it’s hard to tell（it）. （哟’这很难说。）
4．省略表语。如：
—Are you thirsty?（你渴吗？）
—Yes,? I am（thirsty）. （是的，我渴。）
5．同时省略几个成分。如：
—Are you feeling better now? （你觉得好些吗？）
—（I am feeling）Much better（now）. （好多了。）
—Have you finished your work? （你完成工作了吗？）
—（I have）Not（finished my work）yet. （还没有。）
—（I wish）Good luck（to you）!（祝你顺利!）
6．其他一些省略结构
1）名词所有格所修饰的名词，若表示住宅、店铺、教堂或上文已暗示或明确指出过的事物时，常常可以省略。如：
We spent the weekend at the Blacks’.
2）what和how引导的感叹句中，常可省略主语it和be动词。如：
What a wonderful victory（it is）for Wilma!
How wonderful（it was）to be treated like a normal child, even when I was bad.
3）不定式省略，单独使用不定式符号to。
①代替动词不定式后被省略的动词， 常在be afraid, expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, wand, wish等后边。如：
I asked him to see the film,?but he didn’t want to.
②在have, need, ought, be going, , used等后。如：
I didn’t want to go there,?but I had to.
③在某些形容词glad, happy, pleased, delighted等后, 如：
—Will you join in the game?
—I’d be glad to.
④否定形式的省略用not to。如：
—Shall I go instead of him?
—I prefer not to.
⑤如果不定式中含有be, have, have been, 通常保留be, have和have been。如：
—Are you a sailor?
—No,?but I used to be.
—He hasn’t finished yet.
—Well,?he ought to have.
（三）复合句中的省略
1．定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that, which, whom常可以省略；当先行词是time, reason, place时作状语的关系副词when, why, where也可以省去。如：
This is the first time（when）he had trouble with the boss.
2．当wh-疑问词引导宾语从句且后边的内容与前边重复时，可以把重复的内容省去，而保留wh-疑问词。如：
Tom was sad,? but I don’t know why（he was sad）.
3．状语从句中的省略现象
一般来说，省略现象多出现于下列五种状语从句中：
由when, while, as, before, after, till, until, once等引导的时间状语从句；由if, unless, whether等引导的条件状语从句；由though, although, even if, whatever等引导的让步状语从句，由as, than引导的让步状语从句；由as, as if, as though 方式状语从句。
上述状语从句在省略时，并不是任何成分都可以省略，而是遵循一定的原则：
1）当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be’这时从句中可出现如下结构：
①连词(as,? as if,? once) + 名词
Once（he was）a teacher,? he now works in a government office.
②连词(though, whether, when) + 形容词
Work hard when（you are）young,? or you’ll regret.
③连词(whether,? as if,? while) + 介词短语
He looked everywhere as if（he was）in search of something.
④连词(when, while, though) + 现在分词
While（I was）walking along the street, I heard my name called.
⑤连词（when, if, even if, unless, once, until, than, as） + 过去分词
The exhibition is more interesting than（it was）expected.
⑥连词（as if, as though） + 不定式
He opened his lips as if（he were）to speak.
注意：当从句的主语和主句的宾语一致时，间或也有这样的省略：
Her father told her to be careful when（she was）crossing the street.
2）当从句中的主语是it谓语动词中又含有系统动词be时，可以把it和系动词be一起省略。此时构成连词(if, unless, when, whenever) + 形容词的结构。如：
Unless（it is）necessary,? you’d better not refer to the dictionary.
另外，我们还可以用so或not代替上文内容，此时可有if + so/not省略句式。
Get up early tomorrow. If not（you don’t get up early, you will miss the first bus.
He may not be at home then,? if so（he is not at home）, leave him a note.
【语法过关】
1. --- I won ' t do it any more. --- ________?
A. Why don 't B. Why don ' t do it any more C. Why not D. Why not to
2. Although ________ to stop, he kept on working.
A. tell B. telling C. having told D. told
3. --- Will you waste your time and money on that? --- Certainly ________.
A. I not B. don ' t C. not D. no
4. --- Mary didn ' t attend the lecture, did she? --- Yes, she ________.
A. attended B. didn ' t attend C. didn ' t D. did
5. --- What’s Joan doing?
--- _________ newspapers in the room.
A. She reading B. She reads C. To read D. Reading
6. _________ always succeed.
A. Honest and clever students B. Students who honest and clever
C. Honest students and clever D. Students are honest and clever
7. --- Can you climb that tree, my boy? --- __________?
A. I B. Myself C. Mine D. Me
8. Some people are against the plan but _______ support it.
A. any more B. many more C. much more D. no more
9. --- I 'll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?
--- Not at all. _________.
A. I've no time B. I 'd rather not C. I 'd like to D. I 'd be happy to
10. --- Why not go and have dinner in a restaurant? --- ______. It ' s too expensive.
A. Why not B. I agree C. I'm afraid not D. I'm sure
答案： CDCDD ADBDC
Step 7 Writing
如何写急救类说明文
写作指导
说明主要用来描述某一事物、事由或事情的发展过程，主要分为事物说明文和事理说明文。它主要用来说明事物的特点、发展变化规律、分析前因后果，目的在于使读者获得必要的信息，使人们对事物有个清晰、完整的了解和认识。
在日常生活中，掌握一些基本的急救措施会减少自身受到的危害，也可以为他人提供及时的帮助。如何掌握以及掌握哪些急救措施，我们需要专业人士的指导。
要想写好一篇说明文，在写作中要注意以下几点：
1．突出重点, 抓住中心。说明对象是写作的“中心”‘其他的支持信息都围绕说明中心展开。在写作时要抓住写作对象的本质特征’做到“详略得当”。
2．优化文章的结构。以使文章层次分明、有条理。
3．选好说明的顺序。根据说明对象的不同灵活安排、运用时间、空间、逻辑、认识等说明顺序，力求做到解说清楚、条理分明，给人留下一目了然的印象。
4．体现文体特点。层次清晰，条理分明，语言简洁、准确而富有逻辑性是说明文的基本特点，不要把它与描写文、记叙文或论说文等相混淆。
常用句型：
Knowing a little first-aid could be life-saving.
Animal bites like dog and cat bites are most common nowadays.
It is important to learn some knowledge about first aid in your daily life.
When you find someone suffering from sunstroke, first you should (shouldn't)... but...
Cover the wound with a clean towel and press it slightly when...
When yuu still feel painful, you can either... or...as long as you make sure...
Cool the wound with running water and then lift up your right arm, letting / making...
Do remember not to touch...and just let it be because it will become even worse once you...
In addition, let the person lie down and make sure he / she won't feel uncomfortable.
If this still doesn't work, please send the person to a hospital and turn to medical treatment.
Don’t give the person anything to eat or drink untill he is fully recovered.
实战演练:
某网站近期进行了一项在线调查，具体情况如下：
主题：人们对于急救知识的掌握
调查人数：17553人
结果：
烫伤后，74.2%的人知道先用冷水冲洗
发生火灾是，25%的人知道迅速低头逃生
遇到突发事件时，12%的成年人能够采取急救措施
启示：需进一步提高公众对急救知识的了解
向公众普及急救知识的措施：定期进行急救培训
【写作内容】
请根据以上内容写一篇英语作文。内容包括：
调查的主题赫尔调查人数
调查结果
调查启示及向公众普及急救知识的措施
基础写作的基本步骤：
认真审题
2、归纳、排列信息点, 变成五句话
3、确定短语和句型, 连词成句
4、组句成篇
5、检查修改
Task 1: Individual work and group work
Guide the students to find out the verbs of each sentence, especially the predicate; and then encourage the students to translate the sentences into English.
Sentence 1: 某网站近期在17553人中进行了一项在线调查了解人们对急救知识的掌握。
Predicate: do/make/conduct/carry out a survey
A possible one:①Recently a website has conducted an online survey among 17,553
people on how much knowledge that people have about first aid.
A polished one:②An online survey has been conducted by a website recently to learn
how much knowledge people have about first aid.
Writing Tip 1: 找准谓语动词
Sentence 2: 结果表明（被调查的17553人中的）74.2%的人知道烫伤后’先
用冷水冲洗(患处) 。
Predicate: show/reveal
know
wash/cool
get/be burnt
A possible one:①The result shows that 74.2% (of 17,553 people) know that they
should wash the burn with cold water after they get burnt.
A polished one:②The results show that 74.2% of the17,553 people surveyed know
they should cool the burnt area immediately with cold water when
they are burnt.
Writing Tip 2: 确定主句谓语动词、从句谓语动词、非谓语动词
Sentence 3: 发生火灾时25%的人知道应迅速低头逃生。
Predicate: know/ be aware
break out bend down
non-predicate: escape from
A possible one:①When the fire breaks out, 25% of people know that they should
bend down to escape from the fire at once.
A polished one:②from the fire as soon as a fire breaks out.
Writing Tip 3: 确定主句谓语动词、从句谓语动词、非谓语动词
Sentence 4: 遇到突发事件时12%的成年人能够采取急救措施。
Predicate: give first aid
A possible one:①12%of adults can give first aid when they meet sudden accidents.
A polished one:②only 12% of adults are able to give first aid in an emergency.
Writing Tip 4: 避免中式英语使用平时积累的“活”词汇
Sentence 5: 需要进一步提高公众对急救知识的了解（提供）定期（进行）急救培训。
Predicate: provide
Non-predicate improve
A possible one:①Regular first aid training should be provided for the public in order
to improve their knowledge of first aid.
A polished one :②It’s completely necessary/extremely important/essential/vital to
provide regular first aid training for the public so as to improve their knowledge of first aid.
Writing Tip 5: 套用高考实用句型
Summary 1: How can we do well in the basic writing?
一、关键在准确“简单”句（确定好每句的中心：谓语动词）
二、精彩在高档句（句式灵活多样）
三、美感在语句衔接（过渡词恰当的连接词）
Task 2: group work
Let the students discuss which words can be put to join the 5 sentences together logically
Possible answers: 1.But/However; 2.What’s worse/worse still/To our surprise3. So/Therefore
Task 3: Check and correct the writing(检查修改)
词 （拼写、用法） 句 （结构、表达） 篇 （连贯、书写）
Summary 2: Review the writing Procedures(复习基础写作的基本步骤)
Task 4: Try to recite the writing
附：参考范文
An online survey has been conducted by a website recently to learn how much knowledge people have about first aid. The results show that 74.2% of the17, 553 people surveyed know they should cool the burnt area immediately with cold water when they are burnt. However, only 25% of them are aware that they should bend down to escape from the
Fire as soon as a fire breaks out. To our surprise, only 12% of adults are able to give first aid in an emergency. Therefore, it’s completely necessary to provide regular first aid
Training for the public so as to improve their knowledge of first aid.
Step 8 Summary
Recommend a book First aid for the family to students.
Students are expected to strengthen their skills of first aid and use what they have learned to help themselves and others when accidents happen.
End this class with reading the sentences together to the light music.
Life is precious.
We should care about others, and help people in an emergency.
Try our best to give them effective first aid if they are in danger.
Step 9 Homework
Search for as much information as you can about first aid.
略
课件103张PPT。the most beautiful woman teacherWarming up Do you know the lady?
Have you heard of her story?
Do you admire her brave behavior?
If you were on the spot, what could you do to help her?whowhenwhywhata temporary form of help
She was
burned by
hot water.Pre-readingThe scene is very common in our life.
What happened to the girl?
Before the girl is sent to hospital, what kind of first aid could her mother give to her? _____ the types of burns
_____ what to do if someone gets burned
_____ the functions of skin
_____ the symptoms of burns
_____ how we get burns35142 Fast ReadingWhile-readingThe layers(层) of skin:The third layerThe second layerThe top layerthreeCareful readingIt keeps you _____ or _____.
It prevents your body ____________.
It is where you feel ___________.
It gives you your ____________.warmcoolfrom losing water
sense of touch
cold ,heat or painWhat are the functions of skin?
Causes of burnssteamfirethe sun H2SO4chemicalradiationelectricityTypes and characteristics of burns1.How many types of burns are there?
2.In each type, which layer of skin is affected?3.Which type of burns is it in each picture? 6 steps about first aid treatment for burnsclothsbandagevictimclothingburnsburned areaRemove Cool Place DryCover Getscissors (剪刀)wet bandage
dry bandagecool waterclean clothsointment(药膏)
clean bandage（绷带）icy waterwarm wateroilcold waterThe suitable things in first aid treatment of burnsWhy should you put cold water on a burn?Why can’t you put ointment, oil or butter on burns? QuestionsBecause the cold water stops the burning process,
stops the pain and reduces the swelling.Because they keep the heat in the wounds and
may cause infection. If burns are on arms or legs, what should the victim do?
If burns are on the face, what should the victim do?If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart.
If burns are on the face, the victim should sit up. First aid for burns
Skin acts as a 2 against disease, poisons and the sun’s harmful rays.
Hot liquids, steam, and so on can 3 burns.
First degree burns affect the 4 layer of the skin.
5 degree burns are very painful.
Third degree burns have little or no pain because
6 are damaged.Clothes and jewellery near burns should be removed because bacteria from them could8 the burns.
It’s better to put 9 water on the first and second burns for ten minutes.
Use a dry and clean 10 to cover the burned area. BurnsbarriercausetopSecondnervesinfectcoldbandageThe 1
of skin7
for burnsfunctionsTreatmentPost-readingSituations 1.
Tom has an asthma (哮喘) , but he doesn’t have his medicine. You’d better:
A. Get him a cup of coffee.
B. Take him outside for fresh air.
Situations 2.
When you have a nosebleed, what should you do?
Use your body language to act it out.
Situations 3.
For not serious cuts, w ____ the area of cut, d ____ it and c ____ it with a b ____ or a piece of dry and clean cloth.Situations 4.
What could you do to save a drowning person? Please act it out.
Situations 5.
How to treat Sprained Ankle? Choose the right answers to fill in the blanks. Act it out.
First--- have the victim___1____ and ___2____ the foot. Second --- ___3_____around the foot and ankle.
Third ---___4____ on the ankle to reduce the swelling.
(put an ice pack, sit down, put a bandage, raise)1. aid
n.& vi. 帮助；援助；资助
vt.&n. 帮助;援助;救助
They aided flood victims. 他们援助遭受水灾的灾民。
They aided in solving the problem. 他们帮忙解决这个问题。Language points常用结构:
first aid 急救
aid sb. 帮助某人
aid sb. with sth. 帮助某人(做)某事
in aid of 支持;为……筹措
aid sb. in (doing) sth. 在……方面帮助某人联想拓展
表示一般意义的“帮助”或“援助”时，aid 是不可数名词；表示具体意义的“助手”、“辅助用品”时，aid是可数名词。如：A dictionary is an important aid in learning a new language.(字典是学习一种新语言的重要工具)。用作动词时，搭配为aid sb. to do sth.帮助某人（做）某事(其中的 to 不可省略)，也可用于 aid sb. in doing sth.帮助某人(做)某事。易混辨析
aid/help/assistance
aid 表示经济或其他方面给予的帮助或援助，多指强者(或足够者)援助弱者，多用于团体。
help 指给人精神或物质上的帮助，强调受助者的需要，有利于达到一定的目的或目标。
assistance 多指个人给予道义、知识、物质等方面的帮助，所提供的帮助往往只起辅助作用。 高手过招
单句改错
①The family lived on government aids for two years.
②We may travel on/under the aid of a good map.
③We've aided him finish the work ahead of time.
答案：①aids→aid ②on/under→with
③finish→to finish或in finishing2. injury
n. 损伤；伤害
Many common injuries happen every day in the home.
家庭中每天都有许多常见的意外伤害。常用结构:
do sb. an injury 伤害某人
be an injury to sb./sth. 伤害；危害某人/某事
escape injury 免受伤害
repair injury 赔偿损害
serious／severe injuries 重伤
a slight injury 轻伤
In the crash he suffered severe injuries to the head and arms.
在事故中他头部和双臂受了重伤。易混辨析 injure/wound/hurt
injure指人在意外事故中受到的伤害,用于无生命物体的损坏，更多用于表示对人的某个部位的损伤。
wound 指利器或子弹对肉体造成的伤害。是出血的、严重的伤，特指战场上的受伤。也指感情受伤。
hurt 指的伤害与injure 同样严重，也可指较轻的疼痛，常指因不小心而引起的痛苦或意外地受到伤害。hurt 也可指对人的感情的伤害。
Your remark may injure her pride.
你的话也许会伤她的自尊。
Blood gushed from his wound.血从他的伤口涌出。
Hurt other people, hurt yourself.害人害己。高手过招
选词填空(injure/hurt/wound)
①Ten soldiers were killed and thirty serious .
②He was deeply ________ by her dishonesty.
③I ________ my back lifting that box.
④In the traffic accident ten were killed and eight were _____ .
⑤She felt _______ at your words.
⑥The bullet _______ him in the shoulder.
答案：①wounded ②hurt ③hurt ④injured ⑤hurt ⑥wounded3. situation
n. 形势;处境;事态;局面;位置
situation/state/condition
situation指一定时期内总的情况、形势、事态，亦可指国际、国内形势，是可数名词。
state用单数形式表示人或事物的情况及状况，如外貌、心理、外观等方面，可与不定冠词连用，常用于in a state of或in a... state。
condition的单数形式表示人或物本身的状况，在这个意思上与state相近；而复数形式则指事物之外的环境与情况，与circumstances意思相近。When he later grew to dislike Eliza, he faced a difficult situation.
当他接下来对伊丽莎的讨厌与日俱增的时候，他陷入了一种困难的境地。
After that I give the students various situations and they make up sentences about them.
从那以后，我提供给学生各种各样的情境，他们依照这些情境造句。
His business is in a good state.
他的生意很好。
The condition of the house was so bad that nothing could make it safe to live in.
房屋的条件太差了以至于不能安全地住在里面。温馨提示
situation与condition, occasion, point, case一样，后常用where, in which引导定语从句。
Can you imagine a situation where/in which you can use the word?你能想像出可以使用这个单词的语境吗？高手过招
用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
①He's got himself into a dangerous situation _____he is likely to lose control over the plane.
②I can 't think of the situation_______ I meet my father.
③They have to think of a good idea to cope with the situation ____ they face.
答案：①where ②where ③that/which4. damage
vt.& n. 损害；毁坏
易混辨析
ruin/destroy/damage
ruin强调毁灭的彻底性，并且是一次性的行动。这种毁灭也许力量不是很大，但其严重性却使其不能修复,它强调的是毁坏的长期结果。
destroy指通过某种有力的或粗暴的手段使之毁灭或无用，一般不能或很难修复，有时用于比喻意义。
damage则指对价值和功能的破坏，多用于无生命的东西，一般还可以修复。The house across the street is in ruins.
街道对面的房子已是一片废墟。
The earthquake destroyed a lot of buildings.
地震毁坏了许多楼房。
The bridge was damaged by the flood.
那座桥梁被洪水损坏了。温馨提示
destroy只能用作动词，而ruin和damage既能用作动词又能用作名词。
高手过招
An earthquake struck this area, _________ a lot of damage.
A.making B. causing C. done D. Caused
解析:选B。make与damage不能搭配使用；“造成损失、损害”用do/cause damage；此处的动词与前面的句子构成逻辑上的主谓关系，所以需用现在分词作结果状语。5. present
n.礼物；目前
adj.在场;出席;当前的
v.颁发;授予;赠给常用结构：
be present at 出席
the present day=today 今天
at present／at the present time＝now 现在
for the present=for the time being 暂时
the present 现在(相当于名词)
present sb. with sth=present sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人
present?day attitudes/fashion现在的态度/流行款式联想拓展
present作动词，表示“给予，赠送”之意，常用于present sth.to sb.或present sb.with sth.搭配中，此外，present作动词还有“呈现，显示；阐述，表达；引见”等意思。
①作形容词既可作前置修饰语，也可作表语，常意为“现存的；现在的；在场的；出席的”等。
②作不可数名词时，表示区别于过去或将来的“现在”；作可数名词时，意为“礼物”。The same problem presented itself to her again.
同样的问题又在她身上出现。
He presented the school with a check for one million dollars.
他赠予学校一张一百万美元的支票。
May I present you to my husband?
我可以把您介绍给我丈夫吗?
We learn from the past, experience the present and hope for success in the future.
我们学习过去，体验现在，希望成就未来。
I got many presents for my birthday.
我收到很多生日礼物。高手过招
①There are plenty of jobs in the western part of the country. A. Present B. available C. Precious D. convenient
②All the people at the party were all his supporters.
A. Present B. thankful C. Interested D. Important
解析: ①选B。present在场的；available可用的;可得到的;precious珍贵的;convenient方便的。根据句意,应选B。
②选A。(be) present at意为“出席、在场”，符合句意。 重点短语
6. fall ill
生病
Hearing the bad news, he fell ill. 听到坏消息后，他病了。联想拓展
fall behind 落后
fall sick 生病
fall asleep 入睡
fall down 掉下；倒塌
fall in love with .. 爱上……
fall off 脱落；减少；从……上掉下
fall into the habit of ... 养成……的习惯
fall over 跌倒；翻倒；落到……上
fall silent 沉默 高手过招
完成句子
①不久后他就病倒了，而且一病不起。
He ________ soon after and did not recover.
②形势严峻，不进则退。
Given the pressing situation, we must move forward, or we will _____.
③这家报纸的发行量开始锐减。
The circulation of the newspaper began to________ sharply.
答案：①fell ill ②fall behind ③fall off7. in place
在适当的位置；适当
I like everything to be in place.
我喜欢所有的东西都放在原来的地方。
With everything in place, she started the slide show.
一切就绪，她开始放幻灯片。联想拓展
be in/out of order 有条理/无条理；坏了
be in/out of control 正常/失控
be in/out of danger 有危险/脱离危险
in place of...＝take the place of... 代替；取代
give place to 被……取代；让位于……
out of place 不在适当的位置；不合适 高手过招
(1)单项填空
His efforts to raise money for his program were because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets. A. in place B. in sight C. in effect D. in vain (2)完成句子
①你可以用木柴来取代煤。
You can use wood ___________ coal.
②棉花要取代丝绸。
Cotton is ___________ silk.
③你的提议很恰当。
Your proposal is quite ____________.
解析:(1) 选D。考查介词短语。根据下文“no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets”可知,为集资做出的努力都白费了，故选in vain(白费力)。in place在适当位置;in sight 在视线内;in effect 实际上。
(2)①in place of ②taking the place of ③in place8. make a difference
有很大差别；有很大不同；有很大的关系/影响
Whether he could get the support from his parents made a great difference to the plan.
他是否能得到父母的支持对这个计划的影响很大。
Does it any difference whether he’ll attend the meeting?
他出不出席会议有什么区别吗？联想拓展
make a difference between ...and ... 区别对待……
make some difference to对…… 有些关系
make no difference to 对……没有关系
make all the difference 关系重大；大不相同 高手过招
翻译句子
①这次旅行对他以后的人生很有影响。
②让警察知道一些证据关系重大。
答案：①The travel made a difference to his later life.
②It makes all the difference to inform the policemen of some evidence. 重点句型
9. Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.
除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则都要把衣服脱掉。如果需要的话，可以使用剪刀。
unless是连词，意为“如果不，除非”。在真实条件句中，unless引导的肯定条件状语从句，可以和if...not...引导的否定状语从句互换。Unless you change your mind, I won't be able to help you.
=If you don't change your mind, I won 't be able to help you.
除非你改变想法，否则我不能帮助你。
I want you to keep working unless I tell you to stop.
=I want you to keep working if I don’t tell you to stop.
如果我没说让你停，你就得继续干。
注意：unless 不可用于假想的事情，因此当if...not引导非真实条件状语从句时，一般不可改用unless。高手过招
①All the dishes in this menu, _______ otherwise stated, will serve two to three people
②Don’t promise anything ________ you are one hundred percent sure.
③ ______you have tried it, you can’t imagine how pleasant it is.
解析: ①填unless 。考查状语从句的引导词。句意为：在这份菜单上的所有菜，除非另外说明，会给两到三个人食用。
②填unless 。句意为：除非你有完全的把握，否则不要做出承诺。unless除非。
③填Unless 。句中unless意为“如果不”,可以与if...not互换。10. John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.
约翰正在房里学习，突然听到一声尖叫。
此句型中when作并列连词,相当于and then,意为“正当……时，就在那时，突然”。常用结构：
be doing...when... 正在做……突然……
had done...when... 刚做了……突然……
be about to do...when... 刚要做……突然……
be on the point of doing sth. when... 刚要做……突然……高手过招
单项填空
①She had just finished her homework _______ her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.
A. when B. while C. after D. since
②We were swimming in the lake_______ suddenly the storm started.
A. when B. while C. until D. before
③I _______ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident _______ .
A. went; was occurring B. went; occurred
C. was going; occurred D. was going; had occurred解析: ①选A。由句意可知此处when用作并列连词，意为“这时”。
②选A。when作连词，表示“正在这时”。句意为：我们正在湖中游泳，突然暴风雨来了。③选C。主句要用过去进行时,表示当时正在路上走着；when引导的从句多用一般过去时。省略 EllipsisGrammar（一）并列句中的省略
在并列句中，第二分句（或第三、第四分句）往往可以省略与前句
相同的成分。
如：Some books are to be tasted,? others (are) to be swallowed,? and some few
(are) to be chewed and digested. （二）简单句中的省略
1．省略主语
1)祈使句中的主语通常被省略。如：
(You) Be seated,? please.
2）其他省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。如：
(I)Thank you for your help. （谢谢你的帮助。）
(It)Doesn’t matter. （没关系。）2．省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分。如：
(There is) No smoking. （禁止吸烟。）
(Is there) Anything else ?（还有其他事吗？）
(You come) This way,? please. （请这边走）。
(Will you)Have a smoke ?（吸支烟？）
What (do you) think about a cup of tea ?（来一杯怎么样？）
Why（do you）not say hello to him ?（为什么不和他说声再见呢？）3．省略宾语。如：
—Do you know Miss Gao ?（你认识高小姐吗？）
—I don’t know（her）. （我不认识。）
—Which of them is the better choice ?（他们中谁是更合适的人选？）
—Well,? it’s hard to tell（it）. （哟，这很难说。）4．省略表语。如：
—Are you thirsty ?（你渴吗？）
—Yes,? I am（thirsty）. （是的，我渴。）5．同时省略几个成分。如：
—Are you feeling better now ?（你觉得好些吗？）
—（I am feeling）Much better（now）. （好多了。）
—Have you finished your work ?（你完成工作了吗？）
—（I have）Not（finished my work）yet. （还没有。）
（I wish）Good luck（to you）！（祝你顺利！）6．其他一些省略结构
1）名词所有格所修饰的名词，若表示住宅、店铺、教堂或上文
已暗示或明确指出过的事物时，
常常可以省略。如：
We spent the weekend at the Blacks.
2）what和how引导的感叹句中，常可省略主语it和be动词。如：
What a wonderful victory（it is）for Wilma!
How wonderful（it was）to be treated like a normal child, even
when I was bad. 3）不定式省略，单独使用不定式符号to。
①代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常在be afraid, expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, wand, wish等后边。如：
I asked him to see the film, but he didn’t want to. ②在have, need, ought, be going to, used等后。如：
I didn’t want to go there, but I had to.
③在某些形容词glad, happy, pleased, delighted等后，如：
—Will you join in the game ?
—I’d be glad to. ④否定形式的省略用not to。如：
—Shall I go instead of him ?
—I prefer not to.
⑤如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，通常保留be，have和have been。如：
—Are you a sailor ?
—No, but I used to be.
—He hasn’t finished yet.
—Well, he ought to have. （三）复合句中的省略
1．定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that，which，whom常可以省略；当先行词是time, reason, place时作状语的关系副词when, why, where也可以省去。如：
This is the first time（when）he had trouble with the boss. 2．当wh-疑问词引导宾语从句且后边的内容与前边重复时，
可以把重复的内容省去，而保留wh-疑问词。如：
Tom was sad,? but I don’t know why（he was sad）. 3．状语从句中的省略现象
一般来说，省略现象多出现于下列五种状语从句中：
由when, while, as, before, after, till, until, once等引导的时间状语从句；由if, unless, whether等引导的条件状语从句；由though, although, even if, whatever等引导的让步状语从句，由as，than引导的让步状语从句；由as, as if, as though 方式状语从句。上述状语从句在省略时，并不是任何成分都可以省略，而是遵循一定的原则：
1）当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be，这时从句中可出现如下结构：①连词(as,? as if,? once) + 名词
Once（he was）a teacher,? he now works in a government office.
②连词(though, whether, when) + 形容词
Work hard when（you are）young,? or you’ll regret.
③连词(whether,? as if,? while) + 介词短语
He looked everywhere as if（he was）in search of something. ④连词(when, while, though) + 现在分词
While（I was）walking along the street, I heard my name called.
⑤连词（when, if, even if, unless, once, until, than, as） + 过去分词
The exhibition is more interesting than（it was）expected.
⑥连词（as if, as though） + 不定式
He opened his lips as if（he were）to speak. 注意：当从句的主语和主句的宾语一致时，间或也有这样的省略：
Her father told her to be careful when（she was）crossing the street. 2）当从句中的主语是it，谓语动词中又含有系统动词be时，可以把it和系动词be一起省略。此时构成连词(if, unless, when, whenever) + 形容词的结构。如：
Unless（it is）necessary,? you’d better not refer to the dictionary. 另外，我们还可以用so或not代替上文内容，此时可有if + so/not省略句式。
Get up early tomorrow. If not（you don’t get up early, you will miss the first bus.
He may not be at home then,? if so（he is not at home）, leave him a note. 1. --- I won’t do it any more.
--- ______?
A. Why don’t B. Why don’t do it any more
C. Why not D. Why not to
2. Although ____ to stop, he kept on working.
A. tell B. telling C. having told D. told
3. --- Will you waste your time and money on that?
--- Certainly ____.
A. I not B. don’t C. not D. no
4. --- Mary didn’t attend the lecture, did she?
--- Yes, she _____.
A. attended B. didn’t attend C. didn’t D. did 语法过关5. --- What’s Joan doing?
--- _________ newspap ers in the room.
A. She reading B. She reads C. To read D. Reading
6. _______ always succeed.
A. Honest and clever students B. Students who honest and clever
C. Honest students and clever D. Students are honest and clever
7. --- Can you climb that tree, my boy?
--- __________?
A. I B. Myself C. Mine D. Me8. Some people are against the plan but ____ support it.
A. any more B. many more C. much more D. no more
9. --- I 'll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?
--- Not at all. ______.
A. I've no time B. I 'd rather not C. I 'd like to D. I 'd be happy to
10. --- Why not go and have dinner in a restaurant?
--- _____. It’s too expensive.
A. Why not B. I agree C. I'm afraid not D. I'm sure答案： CDCDD ADBDC如何写好急救类说明文Writing 说明主要用来描述某一事物、事由或事情的发展过程，主要分为事物说明文和事理说明文。它主要用来说明事物的特点、发展变化规律、分析前因后果，目的在于使读者获得必要的信息，使人们对事物有个清晰、完整的了解和认识。
在日常生活中，掌握一些基本的急救措施会减少自身受到的危害，也可以为他人提供及时的帮助。如何掌握以及掌握哪些急救措施，我们需要专业人士的指导。
要想写好一篇说明文，在写作中要注意以下几点：
写作指导 Knowing a little first-aid could be life-saving.
Animal bites like dog and cat bites are most common nowadays.
It is important to learn some knowledge about first aid in your daily life.
When you find someone suffering from sunstroke, first you should (shouldn't)... but...
Cover the wound with a clean towel and press it slightly when...
When yuu still feel painful, you can either... or...as long as you make sure... .常用句型Cool the wound with running water and then lift up your right arm, letting / making...
Do remember not to touch...and just let it be because it will become even worse once you...
In addition, let the person lie down and make sure he / she won't,feel uncomfortable. .
If this still doesn't work, please send the person to a hospital and turn to medical treatment.
Don’t give the person anything to eat or drink untill he is fully recovered. 常用句型要想写好一篇说明文，在写作中要注意以下几点：
1．突出重点, 抓住中心。说明对象是写作的“中心”，其他的支持信息都围绕说明中心展开。在写作时要抓住 写作对象的本质特征，做到“详略得当”。
2．优化文章的结构。以使文章层次分明、有条理。
3．选好说明的顺序。根据说明对象的不同灵活安排、运用时间、空间、逻辑、认识等说明顺序，力求做到解说清楚、条理分明，给人留下一目了然的印象。
4．体现文体特点。层次清晰，条理分明，语言简洁、准确而富有逻辑性是说明文的基本特点，不要把它与描写文、记叙文或论说文等相混淆。写作指导实战演练某网站近期进行了一项在线调查，具体情况如下：
主题：人们对于急救知识的掌握
调查人数：17553人
结果：
烫伤后，74.2%的人知道先用冷水冲洗
发生火灾是，25%的人知道迅速低头逃生
遇到突发事件时，12%的成年人能够采取急救措施
启示：需进一步提高公众对急救知识的了解
向公众普及急救知识的措施：定期进行急救培训
【写作内容】
请根据以上内容写一篇英语作文。内容包括：
调查的主题赫尔调查人数
调查结果
调查启示及向公众普及急救知识的措施基本步骤：
1、认真审题
2、归纳、排列信息点, 变成五句话
3、确定短语和句型, 连词成句
4、组句成篇
5、检查修改Task 1:Individual work and group work
Guide the students to find out the verbs of each sentence, especially the predicate; and then encourage the students to translate the sentences into English.Sentence 1: 某网站近期在17，553人中进行了一项在线调查，了解人们对急救知识的掌握 。
Predicate: do/make/conduct/carry out a survey
A possible one:①Recently a website has conducted an online survey among 17,553 people on how much knowledge that people have about first aid.
A polished one:②An online survey has been conducted by a website recently to learn how much knowledge people have about first aid.Writing Tip 1: 找准谓语动词
Sentence 2: 结果表明，（被调查的17，553人中的）74.2%的人知道烫伤后，先
用冷水冲洗(患处) 。
Predicate:show/reveal
know
wash/cool
get/be burntA possible one:①The result shows that 74.2% (of 17,553 people) know that they should wash the burn with cold water after they get burnt.
A polished one:②The results show that 74.2% of the17,553 people surveyed know they should cool the burnt area immediately with cold water when they are burnt.Writing Tip 2: 确定主句谓语动词、从句谓语动词、非谓语动词
Sentence 3: 发生火灾时，25%的人知道应迅速低头逃生。
Predicate: know/ be aware
break out bend down
non-predicate: escape fromA possible one: ①When the fire breaks out, 25% of people knowthat they should
bend down to escape from the fire at once.
A polished one:②from the fire as soon as a fire breaks out.Writing Tip 3: 确定主句谓语动词、从句谓语动词、非谓语动词
Sentence 4: 遇到突发事件时，12%的成年人能够采取急救措施。
Predicate: give first aid
A possible one:①12%of adults can give first aid when they meet sudden accidents.
A polished one:②only 12% of adults are able to give first aid in an emergency. Writing Tip 4: 避免中式英语，使用平时积累的“活”词汇
Sentence 5: 需要进一步提高公众对急救知识的了解，（提供）定期（进行）急救培训。
Predicate:provide
Non-predicate improveA possible one:①Regular first aid training should be provided for the public in order to improve their knowledge of first aid.
A polished one :②It ‘s completely necessary/extremely important/essential/vital to provide regular first aid training for the public so as to improve their knowledge of first aid.Writing Tip 5: 套用高考实用句型
Summary 1: How can we do well in the basic writing?
一、关键在准确“简单”句（确定好每句的中心：谓语动词）
二、精彩在高档句（句式灵活多样）
三、美感在语句衔接（过渡词，恰当的连接词）Task 2: group work
Let the students discuss which words can be put to join the 5 sentences together logically
Possible answers: 1.But/However; 2.What’s worse/worse still/To our surprise3. So/Therefore
Task 3: Check and correct the writing(检查修改)
词 （拼写、用法） 句 （结构、表达） 篇 （连贯、书写）Summary 2: Review the writing Procedures(复习基础写作的基本步骤)
Task 4: Try to recite the writing参考范文
An online survey has been conducted by a website recently to learn how much knowledge people have about first aid. The results show that 74.2% of the17,553 people surveyed know they should cool the burnt area immediately with cold water when they are burnt. However, only 25% of them are aware that they should bend down to escape from the fire as soon as a fire breaks out. To our surprise, only 12% of adults are able to give first aid in an emergency. Therefore, it’s completely necessary to provide regular first aid training for the public so as to improve their knowledge of first aid.Life is precious.
We should care about others, and help people in an emergency.
Try our best to give them effective first aid if they are in danger.SummarySearch for as much information as you can about first aid.Homework
