(共30张PPT)
Unit one
Past and present
牛津译林版 八年级下册
Grammar
Revision
Answer some questions about the conversation between Mr Chen and Millie.
Model 1:
Has Sunshine Town changed a lot
Yes, it has.
Model 2:
Have Mr Chen and his wife moved out of the town
No, they haven’t.
Questions:
1. Has the government built a new
park
2. Have most of Mr Chen’s old
friends moved away
3. Has it become impossible for them
to see each other as often as before
Yes, it has.
Yes, they have.
Yes, it has.
Free talk
1.When did you have breakfast this morning
2. When did you live here
3. How many times have you been to Hong Kong
I had breakfast at 6 o’clock. I have had breakfast.
I lived here two years ago. I have lived here for two years.
I have been to Hong Kong once.
She has had breakfast.
她吃过早饭了。
They have been to Hong Kong once.
He has lived here for two years.
他们去过香港一次。
他已经住这两年了。
用法1：现在完成时表动作发生在过去并对现在造成影响。
（她现在不饿）
用法2：现在完成时表动作发生在过去并一直持续到现在，有可能继续持续下去。
用法3：现在完成时表到现在为止某动作发生了多少次。
现在完成时的用法
Lead in
结论：现在完成时的肯定句结构为
________________________________________
I have just eaten it.
You have cleaned up the window.
She/He/ has visited Beijing three times.
It has slept three hours.
1
主语 + have/ has + 过去分词+...
结论：现在完成时的否定句结构为
______________________________________
I have not just eaten it.
You have not cleaned up the window.
She/He/ has not visited Beijing three times.
It has not slept three hours.
2
主语 + have not/ has not+ 过去分词+...
—Have you eaten it
—No, I haven’t./Yes, I have.
—Has she/he visited Beijing three times
—No, she/he hasn’t./Yes, she/he has.
—Has it slept three hours
—Yes, it has./No, it hasn’t
3
结论：现在完成时的一般疑问句结构为
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
Have/Has+ 主语+过去分词+...？
肯定回答：Yes, 主语+has/have.
否定回答：No, 主语+hasn’t/haven’t.
How long have you lived
What has she/he eaten for breakfast
What has the government done to part of the town centre
Where has she travelled recently
4
结论：现在完成时的特殊疑问句结构为
________________________________________
特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+...
already 已经，常用于肯定句中。
since 自……以来，1)since+时间点；2)since+ 时间段+ ago；3)since+ 从句。
yet 已经，常用于否定句，疑问句尾。
for 长达……，for+ 时间段。
recently 最近，常用于肯定句，否定句或疑问句中。
ever 曾经，常用于疑问句。
just 刚刚，用于肯定句中。
5
现在完成时常见状语的用法
1. ______ you ______ (hear) from Sandy recently, Jim
2. Li Ping’s father _________(go) to Paris already.
3. They ___________(move) to Beijing since you left here.
4. —______you ________(finish) your homework yet
—No. But I ___________(finish) it soon.
5. ______ you ______ (have) your breakfast
—Yes. I have. I ______ (have) it at 6: 00.
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
Have heard
has gone
have moved
Have finished
will finished
Have had
had
二、句型转换。
1. She has already cleaned the kitchen. (改为否定句)
She _________ cleaned the kitchen ________.
2. They have visited some interesting places in China.
(改为一般疑问句)
________ they _______ ______ interesting places in China
3. I have ever been to the Great Wall. (改为否定句)
I ________ ________ been to the Great Wall.
4. They have studied here since they moved to the city. (对划线部分提问)
______ _______ _____ they _______ here
hasn’t yet
Have visited any
have never
How long have studied
你能找出一般过去时和现在完成时的区别吗？
Groupwork
Discuss
一、概念不同
一般过去时 表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作，和现在没有关系。和现在不发生关系。
现在完成时 表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。
例：I bought a new computer last week.
(只强调动作发生在过去。)
I have bought a new computer.
(不强调动作什么时候发生，只强调现在的结果是拥有了一台新电脑。)
二、时间状语不同
一般过去时 yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等具体的时间状语。
现在完成时 for, since, ever, never, just, already, yet, in the past/last few years等不确定的时间状语。
(1)一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。
work---worked---worked
(2)以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。
live---lived---lived
(3)以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将“y” 变为 “i”，再加“ ed ”。
study---studied---studied
(4)重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先 双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。
drop---dropped--dropped
规则变化
过去式和过去分词的变化：
三、形式变化不同
A.过去分词与过去式形式一样
have—had—had spend —spent—spent
make—made—made say—said—said
find—found—found hear—heard—heard
meet—met—met leave—left—left
不规则变化
B.过去分词与过去式形式不一样
take—took—taken speak —spoke—spoken
sing—sang—sung drive—drove—driven
be—was/were—been go—went—gone
不规则变化
C.过去分词、过去式与动词原形一样
cut—cut—cut put —put—put
let—let—let read—read—read
Presentation
Write the past participles of the verbs below.
borrow plan say
hope cry grow
make send hit
get watch enjoy
borrowed
hoped
made
gotten
planned
cried
sent
watched
said
grown
hit
enjoyed
Complete the sentences below using the present perfect tense.
1. They _____________ (finish) their
homework already.
2. John ____ never ______ (visit) China.
3. Mr Li ____________ (repair) over ten
bicycles since Monday.
have finished
has visited
has repaired
4. We ____________ (not see) each other for years.
5. My parents _____________ (not come)
back yet.
6. Our teacher __________ (teach) us
a lot about the history of China.
haven’t come
has taught
haven’t seen
Complete the conversation. Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Millie: ______ you _____ (see) any films
recently, Sandy
Sandy: No, I haven’t. What about you
Millie: I _____ (see) one last Saturday.
Sandy: What’s it about
Have seen
saw
Millie: It’s about the changes in Beijing
over the past century. From this
film, I ____________ (learn)
more about Beijing’s past and
present.
Sandy: Oh, I think I __________ (hear)
about the film. Do you plan to see
it again
Millie: Yes, I’d like to.
have learnt
have heard
What have/has...done today
Pairwork
Work in pairs. Talk about the children using the question.
用现在完成时态完成下面的句子：
Exercise
1.I ________ (do) my homework already.
2.He _____________(not finished) his homework yet.
3.____you ever _____(be) to Beijing
4.We ______ never ______ (see) such an exciting match before.
5.Mother _____ just _______(clean) the house. Please don’t come in.
6.They _____________(practice) this dialogue twice.
have done
has not finished
Have
been
have
seen
has
cleaned
have practiced
1.Have you done your homework ______ (for, just, yet)
2.I have _______ been to Chengdu. (ever, never, yet)
3.He has _______ washed the dishes. (already, ever, for)
4.Have you cleaned your room _______ (for, just, yet)
5.Have you ______ ridden a horse (ever, for, yet)
6.They have ______ arrived. (ever, just, yet)
7.We have not completed the project _______. (already, for, yet)
yet
never
already
yet
ever
just
yet
选词填空：
Summary
现在完成时的用法和构成
肯定句句型: 主语 + have/has +过去分词…
否定句句型:主语 + have/has+ not+过去分词…
一般疑问句的构成：
Have/ Has + 主语+ 过去分词…
Yes, 主语+ have/ has.
No, 主语+ haven’t/ hasn’t.
★ haven’t =have not hasn’t = has not
Homework
1. Review the present perfect tense. 2. Remember the past participles
of the irregular verbs on P13.
谢谢
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牛津译林版 八下 Unit1 习题四
一、根据句意及所给的汉语提示完成句子。
1.How long has Mr Smith____________ (教)English so far 21世纪教育网版权所有
2. No country has made such great progress as Chinese in the ___________（过去的）thirty years．21cnjy.com
3. I have only started to learn French ____________.（近来）【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
4. ---Has the train arrived ____________ (还,仍) ---Yes, it arrived ten minutes ago.
5. There have been great____________ (改变)in America since I left there.
二、单项选择
( ) 1. The country life ______ greatly since 1992.21·cn·jy·com
A. change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed
( ) 2. We ______ our new neighbors yet, so we don’t know their names.
A. don’t meet B. won’t meet C. haven’t met D. hadn’t met
( ) 3. Danny ______ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular.
A. works B. is working C. has worked D. worked
( ) 4. — ______ you ______ him around the museum yet 21·世纪*教育网
— Yes. We had a great time there.
A. Have; shown B. Do; show C. Had; shown D. Did; show
( ) 5. —When ______ Jessie _____ to New York？ 2·1·c·n·j·y
—Yesterday.
A. does, get B. did, get C. has, got D. is, getting
三、句型转换
1．My mother has visited the Great Wall.（改为否定句）
My mother_______ _______ the Great Wall.
2．Now computers are much cheaper than before.（同义句转换）
In the past, computers were much_______ _______ than they are now.
3．I have learned English since two years ago.（同义句转换）www.21-cn-jy.com
I have learned English_______ _______ _______.
4．I have already cooked breakfast.（改为一般疑问句）
_______ you_______ breakfast_______？
5．Eddie has lived with Millie since he was born.（对画线部分提问）
_______ _______ _______ Eddie lived with Millie 21教育网
四、动词的适当形式填空
1. The young man ________ (plant) 400 trees in the past three years.
2.________Millie ________ (speak) to a foreigner before www-2-1-cnjy-com
3.Mr. Brown ________ already ________ (come) back from England.
4.Great changes_____________（take）place in those villages in the past ten years. 5.How many times _________you _________(phone）me these days
_________you _________(phone）me this morning
参考答案：
一、根据句意及所给的汉语提示完成句子。
1．taught 2．past 3．recently 4．yet 5．changes
二、单项选择
1——5： BCCAB
三、句型转换
1．hasn’t, visited
2．more expensive
3．for two years
4．Have, cooked, yet
5．How long has
四、动词的适当形式填空
1.has planted
2. has, spoken
3. has, come
4. have taken
5. Have, phoned, Did, phone
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牛津译林版英语八年级下册Unit 1 Past and present
Grammar课时4教学设计
课题 Past and present Grammar 单元 Unit 1 学科 English 年级 八年级
学习目标 语言知识:1. To learn some new words.2. To learn the use of the present perfect tense.3. To learn the use of some typical time expressions语言技能:To use present perfect tense to talk about events that started in the past and are connected to the present.
重点 1. To learn the use of the present perfect tense.2. To understand adverbs of time and use them with present perfect tense correctly.
难点 To understand the difference between the present perfect tense and the simple past tense.
教学过程
教学环节 教师活动 学生活动 设计意图
导入新课 Step 1. RevisionAnswer some questions about the conversation between Mr Chen and Millie.Questions:1. Has the government built a new park 2. Have most of Mr Chen’s old friends moved away 3. Has it become impossible for them to see each other as often as before 回忆Reading部分课文内容，并根据课文回答问题。 通过回答问题的方式复习课文，并让学生在问题中感受现在完成时一般疑问句的结构及回答
讲授新课 Step 1.Free talk1.When did you have breakfast this morning 2. When did you live here 3. How many times have you been to Hong Kong Step 2. Lead in1.现在完成时的用法用法1：现在完成时表动作发生在过去并对现在造成影响。用法2：现在完成时表动作发生在过去并一直持续到现在，有可能继续持续下去。用法3：现在完成时表到现在为止某动作发生了多少次。2.现在完成时的肯定句结构为: 主语 + have/ has + 过去分词+...现在完成时的否定句结构为: 主语 + have not/ has not+ 过去分词+...现在完成时的一般疑问句结构为: Have/Has+ 主语+过去分词+...？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+has/have.否定回答：No, 主语+hasn’t/haven’t.现在完成时的特殊疑问句结构为: 特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+...现在完成时常见状语的用法3.完成相应练习：1）用所给单词的适当形式填空。2）句型转换。Step 3. GroupworkDiscuss：你能找出一般过去时和现在完成时的区别吗？1.概念不同2.时间状语不同3.形式变化不同A.过去分词与过去式形式一样B.过去分词与过去式形式不一样C.过去分词、过去式与动词原形一样Step 4. Presentation1.Write the past participles of the verbs below. 2.Complete the sentences below using the present perfect tense. 3.Complete the conversation. Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets.Step 5. PairworkWork in pairs. Talk about the children using the question：What have/has...done today Step6 ExercisePlease finish the exercises:用现在完成时态完成下面的句子：选词填空：Step7 Homework1. Review the present perfect tense. 2. Remember the past participles of the irregular verbs on P13. 根据自己的情况回答问题朗读例句，并讨论现在完成时在该句中的用法阅读和理解例句，总结现在完成时的句型结构及常见状语的用法完成与现在完成时相应的练习小组讨论并小结一般过去时 和现在完成时的区别阅读课文，完成书上练习结对练习，谈论图片上的小孩今天做的事完成习题并核对答案完成家庭作业 列举不同的回答方式，帮助学生理解并引入现在完成时的用法通过例句帮助学生更容易理解现在完成时的用法学生通过阅读和理解例句，自己总结现在完成时的句型结构，提高学生学习的自主性理解、总结现在完成时后进行即时训练，强化巩固知识点提高学生的自主学习能力和合作学习能力通过完成书上练习，强化掌握课文重点语法将学习的语法知识运用到实际情景中，巩固文中语言点，并提高口语能力课后巩固
课堂小结 现在完成时的用法和构成肯定句句型: 主语 + have/has +过去分词…否定句句型:主语 + have/has+ not+过去分词…一般疑问句的构成：Have/ Has + 主语+ 过去分词… Yes, 主语+ have/ has.No, 主语+ haven’t/ hasn’t.★ haven’t =have not hasn’t = has not 总结本课重点 通过对重点的小结，让学生更系统地掌握本课内容
板书 Unit1 Past and presentGrammar1.现在完成时的用法2.现在完成时的句型结构3.现在完成时常见状语的用法4.一般过去时和现在完成时的区别1）概念不同2）时间状语不同3）形式变化不同 直观地展示本课重点语法内容
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