专题06非谓语动词(讲义)-2018年高考英语二轮复习备考

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名称 专题06非谓语动词(讲义)-2018年高考英语二轮复习备考
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更新时间 2018-02-28 08:20:36

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【考向解读】
非谓语动词是动词的变体,是为了满足动词作除了谓语之外的其他成分而产生的。从该意义上来说,非谓语动词是动词的升级版本,弥补了动词的先天不足。在语法填空和短文改错题中,这是必考考点之一,非常重要。根据非谓语动词类别及功能,在单项填空题中以考查非谓语动词作状语和定语为主,作主语和表语也是考查重点之一。在单项填空题中会继续加强对非谓语动词的考查,而且分词作状语和定语仍是考查的重点,对于不定式,考查热度仍然不减,尤其是不定式作状语和定语的用法。
【命题热点突破一】 非谓语动词作状语
1.不定式作状语表示结果、目的(可与so as to/in order to替换,但是so as to不可置于句首)或原因(表示原因只用在表示喜、怒、哀、乐等表语形容词后)。
2.分词作状语:非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致。现在分词作状语时,现在分词所表 示 的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词 作状语时,过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑 上的被动关系。现在分词作结果状语时表示自然而然的结果;不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果,其前常加only。
3.部分过去分词源于系表结构,作状语时不表示被动,也不表完成,而表示一种状态。常见的有:lost(迷路的),seated(坐着的),hidden(躲着的),lost/absorbed/buried in(沉溺于),dressed in(穿着),tired of(厌烦的),faced with(面对着)。
Group activities will be organized after class to help children develop team spirit.
将在课后组织一些小组活动来帮助孩子们培养团队精神。
Having spent the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong,Linda appears more mature than those of her age.
琳达,一名交换生,过去的一年是在香港度过的,因此她看上去比同龄人更成熟。
Clearly and thoughtfully written,the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.
写得既清楚又有思想,这本书在那些希望寻求自己的答 案的学生中激发了自信心。
例1.(2017·浙江卷)Sixteen years earlier,Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring ________(cook) a meal.
【解析】本题考查不定式作目的状语。句意:16年前,Pahlsson摘掉钻戒去做饭。根据句意判断此处应用不定式表目的。
【答案】to cook
【变式探究】(2017·天津卷)Back from his two-year medical service in Africa,Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother ________(take) good care of at home.
【变式探究】(2016·新课标Ⅲ,63)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal _______(create)special designs.
【答案】to create 【解析】句意:熟练的工匠也把硬木和金属结合在一起制作特殊的图案。此处为动词不定式作目的状语。
【易错警示】动词不定式也可以跟在一些作表语用的形容词easy,hard,difficult,pleasant,good,fit,comfortable等后面作状语,构成“主语+be+形容词+不定式”结构,在该结构中构成不定式的动词和句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系,不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。另外需注意的是在该结构中,不定式中的动词必须是及物动词,若为不及物动词,则要在其后加上适当的介词,使之构成及物动词短语。
【变式探究】
The waves reached as high as 61 feet and moved rapidly through the city,________ down the wall of houses.
A.having torn B.tore
C.tear D.tearing
解析:the waves与tear down之间是逻辑上的主谓关系, 另外,此处表示的是谓语动作带来的自然而然的结果 ,故用tearing down。
答案:D
【命题热点突破二】非谓语动词作定语
1.现在分词作定语
现在分词的主动式作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上 的主谓关系,表示该动作的主动和进行。现在分词的被动式 作定语与所修饰名词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系,表示该动 作被动和进行。
2.过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上存在被动关系,并表示该动作的被动或完成。
3.不定式作定语
(1)不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后,表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系,若该不定式 是不及物动词,其后应有必要的介词。
(2)被修饰的名词是抽象名词时用不定式作定语,常见的抽 象名词:ability,chance,idea,fact,excuse,promise,reply,attempt,belief,way,reason,moment,time等。
(3) the first,the second,the last,the next,the only等作名词或者它们作形容词用来修饰名词或代词时,常用不定式作定语。
The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.表达思想的能力和思想本身一样重要。
We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday.
我们被邀请参加下周五在我们俱乐部举办的晚会。
例2.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ改编)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,when I was the first Western TV reporter ________(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,permit与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系,故填过去分词permitted作后置定语,相当于that/who was permitted。
【答案】permitted
【变式探究】(2016·四川卷)For 25 days,she never left her baby,not even to find something ________(eat)!
【解析】不定式to eat作定语,修饰前面的不定代词something。故填to eat。
【答案】to eat
【变式探究】The park was full of people, ________ themselves in the sunshine.
A.having enjoyed B.enjoyed
C.enjoying D.to enjoy
【方法技巧】
非谓语动词作定语是一个非常重要的考点,考生在做此类 试题时要从动作发生的时间、动作与主语的主谓或动 宾关系上着手去判断.要解答好这类题目可按下列步骤进行:
第一步:判断该动词与被修饰的名词之间的关系。
若是动宾关系就要用表示被动的非谓语动词(过去分词、动词v.-ing形式的被动式、不定式的被动式),若是主谓关系则用动词v.-ing形式的主动式或动词不定式的主动式。
第二步:看动作发生的时间。
若表示将来,用不定式;若表示动作正在进行用现在分词;若表示动作已经完成或结束,用过去分词。
【变式探究】
She was the first woman________to the board.
A.to be appointed B.having been appointed
C.appointing D.to appoint
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:她是第一位被任命进入董 事会的妇女。名词被序数词修饰时,应用不定式作定语。根 据题干中the first可知,应用不定式作 定语,woman是appoint的动作承受者,故选A。
答案:A
【命题热点突破三】非谓语动词作宾语
1.只接不定式作宾语的动词:agree,intend,plan,demand,promise,help,prepare,decide,refuse,choose,wish,hope,want,expect,fail,pretend,manage, determine,beg,arrange,threaten,claim,hesitate,happen等。
2.只接v.-ing形式作宾语的动词:admit,avoid,consider, escape,imagine,mind,miss,practise,suggest,feel like,give up,put off,object to,look forward to等。
3.接不定式与接v.-ing形式有显著区别的动词:(1)try to do 尽力做……;try doing 试着去 做……;(2) mean to do 打 算做……;mean doing 意味着……;(3) regret to do 遗憾 要 去做……;regret doing后悔做过……;(4) remember to do 记得去做……;remember doing记得做过……;(5) forget to do忘记做过……;forget doing 忘记做了……。
4.动词want,need,require作“需要”讲时,其后要用v.-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动语态作宾语。与此用法 相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。
5.介词后一般要接v.-ing形式作宾语,但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语,若前有实义动词do,不定式要省略to。
He got well-prepared for the job interview,for he couldn’t risk losing the good opportunity.他为这次工作面试做好了充分准备,因为他不能冒失去这 次好机会的风险。
We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
我们约好在此地见面,但是她到现在还没有露面。
What a poor memory!I forgot borrowing money from him yesterday.But today I forgot to return the money to him.
多么差的记忆力!昨天我忘了向他借过钱,但今天我又忘了把钱还给他。
例 3.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Fast food is full of fat and salt; by ________ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
【解析】考查动词-ing作介词宾语。在介词about,before,after,for,with,by等之后作宾语应该用动词-ing形式,故用eating。
【答案】eating
【变式探究】(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This included digging up the road, ________(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.
【解析】句意:这包括挖掘道路,铺设轨道,然后在上面搭建一个结实的顶。分析句子结构可知,digging up the road,laying the track和building a strong roof over the top是三个动名词短语作动词included的并列宾语。此处考生容易错误判断为谓语动词,而误填laid。
【答案】laying
【变式探究】(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My ambassadorial duties will include ________(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
【解析】此处表示我的大使职责包括介绍英国游客来参观大熊猫,谓语动词include意为“包括,包含”,其后应该使用-ing形式作宾语。
【答案】introducing
【变式探究】After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress,Anne Benedict went on ________ all the people who had helped in her career.
A.to thank B.thanking
C.having thanked D.to have thanked
【变式探究】
There is a strict limit of 13 days in the challenging race through the Arctic,although most
competitors end up________long before that.
A.to retire B.retired
C.having retired D.retiring
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:穿越北冰洋的13天挑战赛有严格的限制,尽管参赛者都已很久之前就退出了。end up后跟动词的v.-ing形式,意为:以……为结束。
答案:D。
【命题热点突破四】 非谓语动词作补足语
1.现在分词作宾补
现在分词作宾补时,句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语,该 动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系,并且现在分词作宾补强调正 在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词:感官 动词(see,watch,observe,look,notice,hear,listen,feel),使役动词(have,get),find,leave,keep,catch等。
I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.
我抬头注意到一条蛇蜿蜒着爬上树去捕捉它的早餐。
He had the light burning all night,which made his parents very angry.
他让灯亮了整晚,这使他父母很生气。
It’s wrong to leave the computer working.
让电脑一直开着是不对的。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.
对不起让你久等了。
I found a number of people already working there.
我发现很多人已经在那儿工作了。
2.过去分词作宾补
过去分词作宾补时,句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语,该动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词:感官动词(see,watch,observe,look,notice,hear, listen,feel),使役动词(have,make,let,get),find,leave,keep等。
When we saw the road blocked with snow,we decided to spend the holiday at home.
当我们看到道路被雪封住后,我们决定在家过假期。
You should keep me informed of his whereabouts.
你应该让我了解他的行踪。
The old found his hometown much changed.
这位老人发现他的家乡变化很大。
He left much work unfinished because he was ill.
因为生病,他留下许多工作未做。
3.不定式作宾补
(1)常带to的不定式作宾补的动词(短语):advise,allow, ask,cause,command,encourage,expect,forbid, force,get,invite,leave,order,permit,persuade, prefer,request,warn,wish,call on,depend upon等。
(2)常接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词(短语):help,使役动词(make,have,let),感官动词。如果这些动词或短语用 于 被动语态,则to不可省略。动词help后的不定式符 号to 可 以 省略,也可以保留。
We hurriedly ended the meeting,leaving many problems to be settled.
我们匆忙结束了会议,留下很多问题要解决。
4.with+宾语+宾补
(1)with+宾语+doing(表示主动且进行)
(2)with+宾语+done(表示被动且完成)
(3)with+宾语+to do(表示将来)
The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them.
这老两口常常在晚饭后到公园里散步,他们的宠物狗则在后面跟着。
John received an invitation to dinner,and with his work finished,he gladly accepted it.约翰收到一份宴请函而且他的
工作也干完了,他就欣然接受了邀请。
With a lot of difficult problems to settle,the newly elected president is having a hard time.
因为有很多难题要解决,这位新任总统的日子不好过。
例4.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)They are required ________(process) the food that we eat,to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.
【解析】分析句子结构可知,此处考查be required to do sth.的固定用法。考生要善于分析句子结构,再结合自己的知识储备才能快速准确地确定答案。
【答案】to process
【变式探究】(2017·天津卷)Back from his two-year medical service in Africa,Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother ________(take) good care of at home.
【解析】考查过去分词作状语。句意:在非洲医疗援助两年回来后,李医生很高兴看到他的母亲在家里被照看得很好。空格处与其逻辑主语his mother之间构成动宾关系,故用过去分词。
【答案】taken
【变式探究】(2017·江苏卷改编)I had noticed three hens run free in my hostess' courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table. ____________
【解析】notice sb./sth.doing sth.表示“注意到某人/某物正在做……”。
【答案】run→running
【变式探究】(2017·北京卷改编)The bell rang again,and then she heard her letter box pushed open. ____________
【解析】根据语境可知,此处表示听见某事正在发生,因此应用现在分词作宾补;“her letter box”与push之间是动宾关系,所以应用being pushed表示正在进行的被动动作。
【答案】pushed前加being
【变式探究】Back from his two-year medical service in Africa,Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother ________ good care of at home.
A.taking
B.taken
C.take
D.be taken
答案:B
【变式探究】(2015·高考浙江卷,T18)Listening to music at home is one thing,going to hear it ________ live is quite another.
A.perform B.performing
C.to perform D.being performed
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:在家听音乐是一回事,去现场听正在被演奏的音乐完全是另一回事。题干中含有“hear+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,宾语it(指代music)与perform之间存在被动关系,且此处表示去现场听正在被演奏的音乐,故应用being performed作宾语补足语。
答案:D
【命题热点突破五】 非谓语动词作主语和表语
1.非谓语动词作主语
不定式作主语表示某一具体的、尤其是未发生的动作 ;v. -ing形式作主语表示抽象的、泛指的动作,尤其是一般行为倾向。两者可位于句首,也可用it作形式主语,而把不定式或v.-ing形式后置。下列句型常用v.-ing形式作主语:It is/was no use/no good/of little use (good) doing sth.。
Hearing how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.
聆听别人对你刚才所读的书的反应会增加额外的乐趣。
It is no good learning without practice.
只学习不实践没有好处。
It’s not easy to learn English well.Reading as much as possible is necessary.
学好英语不容易,广泛阅读是有必要的。
2.非谓语动词作表语
v.-ing形式作表语时,说明主语的性质或特征;不定 式 作表语时,说明主语尚未发生的动作,或表示将来的动作。
What she likes is watching children play.
她喜欢的事情就是看孩子们玩耍。
His ambition is to go Harvard University.
他的梦想就是上哈佛大学。
例 5.(2017·全国Ⅱ预测密卷改编) ________(be) in love puts a constant smile on your face.
【解析】考查动名词作主语。句意为:陷入热恋使得你不断地微笑。分析句式可知此处为主语部分,故用动名词形式。
【答案】Being
【变式探究】 (2017·全国卷Ⅰ)They are required ________(process) the food that we eat,to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.
【解析】分析句子结构可知,此处考查be required to do sth.的固定用法。考生要善于分析句子结构,再结合自己的知识储备才能快速准确地确定答案。
【答案】to process
【变式探究】(2016·全国卷Ⅱ改编)My classmates and I are to talk about how to do during the holiday. ____________
【解析】“我”和“我”的同学们正在讨论……,因为表示正在做……,要用be doing的形式。
【答案】to talk→talking
【变式探究】________ the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.
A.Ignore B.Ignoring
C.Ignored D.Having ignored
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:忽视这两个研究结果的不同将是你犯的最严重的错误之一。从will be one of the worst mistakes you make来看,will的前面部分是主语,因此用v.-ing短语作主语。这里表达一般情况,因此不用完成式。
答案:B
【变式探究】
For those with family members far away,the personal computer and the phone are important in staying________.
A.connected B.connecting
C.to connect D.to be connected
答案:A
【命题热点突破六】 非谓语动词的时态和语态
非谓语动词解题四步骤
第一步:利用“有无连词”原则确定谓语还是非谓语。
分析句子结构,判断出句子的主干——主语和谓语。如果题线处作谓语,则要用谓语动词,如果题线处不作谓语,则要用非谓语动词。
第二步:根据句意和作用确定句子成分。
根据句意和题线处在句中的位置和作用,确定其所充当的句子成分,从而确定空格处所需填入的非谓语动词的形式。
第三步:根据与逻辑主语的关系确定语态。
如果非谓语动词表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间为主谓关系则用v.-ing形式或不定式的主动式;若为动宾关系则用v.-ing形式的被动式、不定式的被动式或过去分词。
第四步:根据与谓语动词的先后关系确定时态。
非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前用过去分词或v.-ing形式的完成时或不定式的完成时;若同时进行用v.-ing形式或不定式的进行时;若非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后用不定式的一般时。
There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland,staring at the night sky.
没有什么能比躺在草地中央凝视着夜空让人感到更高兴的事儿了。
I got to the office earlier that day,having caught the 7:30 train from Paddington.
那天我比平时到办公室的时间要早,因为我赶上了7:30从Paddington来的火车。
Having been asked to work overtime that evening,I missed a wonderful film.
我那天晚上因为被要求加班而错过了一场精彩的电影。
His first book to be published in 2018 is based on a true story.
2018年即将出版的他的第一本书是基于一个真实的故事写的。
例6. ________ for two days,Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
A.To work B.Worked
C.To be working D.Having worked
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:工作了两天,史蒂夫设法如期完成了他的报告。首先,work的动作发生在managed to finish...之前,故用完成时;Steve与work之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词形式,故用Having worked。
答案:D
【变式探究】
Life is always full of hardships.________a better life,we need positive energy.
A.Live B.To live
C.Living D.Lived
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:生活总是充满艰辛。为了 过更好的生活,我们需要积极的能量。不定式可做目的状语,故选B。
答案:B
【高考真题解读】
1.(2017·浙江卷)Sixteen years earlier,Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring ________(cook) a meal.
【解析】本题考查不定式作目的状语。句意:16年前,Pahlsson摘掉钻戒去做饭。根据句意判断此处应用不定式表目的。
【答案】to cook
2.(2017·天津卷)Back from his two-year medical service in Africa,Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother ________(take) good care of at home.
【解析】考查过去分词作状语。句意:在非洲医疗援助两年回来后,李医生很高兴看到他的母亲在家里被照看得很好。空格处与其逻辑主语his mother之间构成动宾关系,故用过去分词。
【答案】taken
3.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Fast food is full of fat and salt; by ________ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
【解析】考查动词-ing作介词宾语。在介词about,before,after,for,with,by等之后作宾语应该用动词-ing形式,故用eating。
【答案】eating
4.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This included digging up the road, ________(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.
5.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)They are required ________(process) the food that we eat,to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.
【解析】分析句子结构可知,此处考查be required to do sth.的固定用法。考生要善于分析句子结构,再结合自己的知识储备才能快速准确地确定答案。
【答案】to process
6.(2017·天津卷)Back from his two-year medical service in Africa,Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother ________(take) good care of at home.
【解析】考查过去分词作状语。句意:在非洲医疗援助两年回来后,李医生很高兴看到他的母亲在家里被照看得很好。空格处与其逻辑主语his mother之间构成动宾关系,故用过去分词。
【答案】taken
7.(2017·江苏卷改编)I had noticed three hens run free in my hostess' courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table. ____________
【解析】notice sb./sth.doing sth.表示“注意到某人/某物正在做……”。
【答案】run→running
8.(2017·北京卷改编)The bell rang again,and then she heard her letter box pushed open. ____________
【解析】根据语境可知,此处表示听见某事正在发生,因此应用现在分词作宾补;“her letter box”与push之间是动宾关系,所以应用being pushed表示正在进行的被动动作。
【答案】pushed前加being
9.(2017·全国Ⅱ预测密卷改编) ________(be) in love puts a constant smile on your face.
【解析】考查动名词作主语。句意为:陷入热恋使得你不断地微笑。分析句式可知此处为主语部分,故用动名词形式。
【答案】Being
10.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)They are required ________(process) the food that we eat,to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.
【解析】分析句子结构可知,此处考查be required to do sth.的固定用法。考生要善于分析句子结构,再结合自己的知识储备才能快速准确地确定答案。
【答案】to process
1.(2016·新课标Ⅰ,66)...a TV show in the mid-1980s,when I was the first Western TV reporter________(permit)to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
【答案】permitted 【解析】句意:……那时我是第一个被允许拍摄一个特殊的关于照料……的单元的西方电视台记者。TV reporter和permit之间是被动关系,用过去分词作后置定语。
2.(2016·新课标Ⅰ,67)My ambassadorial duties will include ________(introduce)British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
【答案】introducing 【解析】句意:我的大使职责将包括把英国参观者介绍给成都的120多只大熊猫及其他一些在碧峰峡雾山中一个研究中心里的熊猫们。include为及物动词,后面应用动名词形式作宾语。
3.(2016·新课标Ⅱ,49)If you find something you love doing outside of the office,you'll be less likely ________(bring)your work home.
【答案】to bring 【解析】句意:如果你在办公室外面发现了你喜欢做的事情,你就不太可能把工作带回家去做。be likely to do sth.“可能做某事”。
4.(2016·新课标Ⅲ,63)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal ________(create)special designs.
【答案】to create 【解析】句意:熟练的工匠也把硬木和金属结合在一起制作特殊的图案。此处为动词不定式作目的状语。
5.(2016·新课标Ⅲ,64)People probably cooked their food in large pots,________(use)twigs(树枝)to remove it.
【答案】using 【解析】句意:人们或许在大锅中做饭,用树枝把它弄出来。主语people与use之间为主动关系,故用现在分词作伴随状语。
6.(2016·四川,64)For 25 days,she never left her baby,not even to find something ________(eat)!
【答案】to eat 【解析】句意:她25天都没有离开过她的孩子,甚至没找吃的东西。修饰不定代词something应用动词不定式作后置定语。
7.(2016·浙江,1)—Are you sure you're ready for the test?
—No problem.I'm well ________(prepare)for it.
【答案】prepared 【解析】句意:——你确定你准备好考试了吗?——没问题。我已经做好准备了。I作主语,be动词后要接动词的-ed形式充当表语。
8.(2016·浙江,10)To return to the problem of water pollution,I'd like you to look at a study ________(conduct)in Australia in 2012.
【答案】conducted 【解析】句意:为了回到水污染的问题,我想要你研究一下2012年澳大利亚进行的研究。这里用过去分词表示被动和完成,充当定语修饰前面的名词study。
9.(2016·浙江,13)A sudden stop can be a very ________(frighten)experience,especially if you are travelling at high speed.
【答案】frightening 【解析】句意:突然停止会是一次可怕的经历,尤其是如果你正以高速运行的时候。主语是表示物的A sudden stop,所以be动词后面用动词的-ing形式作表语。
10.(2016·浙江,19)I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do ________(work)with students.
【答案】working 【解析】句意:我在海上航行和现在做的和学生一起进行的工作一样快乐。这里用现在分词表示伴随。
11.(2016·北京,26)________(make)it easier to get in touch with us,you'd better keep this card at hand.
【答案】To make 【解析】句意:为了与我们联系更方便一些,你最好把这张卡片随身带着。分析句子成分可知,本空在句中作目的状语,因此用不定式。
12.(2016·北京,28)________(order)over a week ago,the books are expected to arrive any time now.
【答案】Ordered 【解析】句意:这些书是一个星期以前订购的,现在随时都可能到货。本空动词位于句首,不是祈使句,须用非谓语动词;order与books是逻辑上的被动关系,应用过去分词作状语表示被动或已发生。
13.(2016·北京,32)Newly-built wooden cottages line the street,________(turn)the old town into a dreamland.
【答案】turning 【解析】句意:新建的小木屋排列在街道边,把这个古镇变成了一个人间仙境。本空动词没有连词与谓语连接,此时要用非谓语动词。cottages和turn是主动关系,故用现在分词作结果状语表示主动含义。
14.(2016·天津,4)The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows,________(make)air conditioning unnecessary.
【答案】making 【解析】句意:凉爽的风通过卧室的窗户吹进来,没有必要开空调了。此处表示顺其自然的结果,The cooling wind与make是主动关系,故用现在分词短语作结果状语。
1.(2015·江苏,24)Much time (spend)sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
解析 句意:大部分时间坐办公桌,办公室职员通常被健康问题所困扰。time 与spend之间构成被动关系,另外该题实际考查了非谓语动词的独立主格结构。
答案 spent
2.(2015·湖南,30)When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, (wonder)whether to stay or leave.
3.(2015·湖南,34)Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students (talk)over what is bothering them.
解析 句意:有时候我充当同学们的倾诉对象,让他们通过倾诉释放心头的烦心事。for sb to do sth是不定式的复合结构,在句中作定语,修饰a listening ear。
答案 to talk
4.(2015·北京,21) (catch)the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.
解析 句意:为了赶上早班飞机,我们提前预定了出租车并且很早就起了床。此处用不定式作目的状语,表示提前预定出租车并且早起的目的。
答案 To catch
5.(2015·北京,23)The park was full of people, (enjoy)themselves in the sunshine.
6.(2015·北京,31)If (accept)for the job, you'll be informed soon.
解析 句意:如果录用你做这份工作,你将会很快得到通知。句子的主语you和动词accept之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词。
答案 accepted
7.(2015·浙江,18)Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it
(perform)live is quite another.
解析 句意:在家听音乐是一回事,去现场听音乐演奏是另外一回事。hear...doing...听到……正在做……,此处宾语it与动词perform之间为动宾关系,故要用现在分词的被动形式作宾语补足语。
答案 being performed
8.(2015·重庆,6) (raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.
解析 句意:因为是在Glasgow 最贫穷的地区被抚养大,成为一名足球明星,他走过了一段很长很艰苦的路。分析句子成分可知此处是非谓语动词作状语,he和raise之间是被动关系,故用过去分词作状语。
答案 Raised
9.(2015·重庆,11)Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way (use)the sun and the stars.
解析 句意:就像古时候的水手一样,鸟能利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。根据语境,use与其句中隐含的逻辑主语birds之间为主动关系,故用v.-ing形式的一般式,在句中作伴随状语,表示与find同时发生。
答案 using
10.(2015·陕西,17)After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress,Anne Benedict went on (thank)all the people who had helped in her career.
解析 句意:在获得奥斯卡最佳女演员提名奖之后,安妮·本尼迪克特继续感谢那些所有在她的事业中帮助她的人。考查固定搭配。go on to do继续做另一件事;go on doing继续做同一件事。获奖和帮助是两件事。
答案 to thank
11.(2015·陕西,18)Back from his two-year medical service in Africa,Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother (take)good care of at home.
解析 句意:在他两年的非洲医疗服务回来后,李博士很高兴地看到他在家中被照顾得很好的母亲。考查非谓语动词。此处考查非谓语动词做后置定语,mother和take good care of之间是被动关系,故用过去分词。
答案 taken
12.(2015·天津,5) (absorb)in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.
解析 句意:沉迷于绘画中,约翰没有注意时间已到了傍晚。考查非谓语动词。此处的Absorbed in painting相当于原因状语从句Because he was absorbed in painting的省略。
答案 Absorbed
13.(2015·天津,8) (work)for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
14.(2015·安徽,27) (ignore)the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.
解析 句意:忽视两者研究成果的区别将是你犯的最糟糕的错误之一。 考查非谓语动词的句法功能; 该题考查动名词作主语。
答案 Ignoring
15.(2015·福建,28) (learn)more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.
解析 句意:为了了解更多的中国文化,杰克决定选择中国民族音乐作为选修课。考查非谓语动词作目的状语。逗号后面没有连词,可以判断此处应填非谓语动词。
答案 To learn