专题05动词的时态和语态-2018年高考英语二轮复习备考

一、语法填空
1．In November 1952，Jiang Nanxiang ________(become) President of the University.
【解析】由表示过去的时间状语In November 1952可知，此处应填一般过去时，强调过去发生的事情。
【答案】became
2． Being raised in a family of teachers，I ________(get) plenty of chances to connect with literature since a young age.
【解析】表示过去已经开始，一直持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态，用现在完成时，常与“since＋时间点”或“for＋时间段”等连用。
【答案】have got/gotten
3．Zhang Jianxing has been walking through the ancient forests of the Shennongjia National Nature Reserve for over two decades to find the wild man.He will not give up until he ________(come) face to face with the creature.
【解析】主句“He will not give up”用了一般将来时，所以until引导的时间状语从句要用一般现在时，又因为主语是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词用单数形式。
【答案】comes
4．Soon Marc found that abstract painting ________(lose) its connection with life.
5．This ________(become) possible as Virtual Reality (VR) continues to develop.
【解析】考查动词时态。句意为：当虚拟现实继续发展时这种情况将会变为可能。根据语境“变为可能”还没有发生，故用将来时。
【答案】will become
6．—Haven't I told you that you should be home earlier?
—Yes，but I ________(come) home earlier than I usually do.
【解析】考查动词时态。根据语境“此处为现在谈论过去”，故“回家”为过去发生的动作，故用一般过去时。
【答案】came
7．John ________(watch) an NBA playoff game on TV now.
【解析】考查动词时态。句意为：约翰现在正在电视上观看NBA季后赛。由时间状语now可知，“观看”的动作现在正在进行，故用现在进行时。
【答案】is watching
8．I ________________(think) about what you've said and I've decided to take your advice.
【解析】考查动词时态。句意为：我一直在考虑你所说的话而且我已经决定采纳你的建议了。根据句意可知“think”的动作在过去的某一刻开始一直在进行中，直到说话的时候才刚好结束。故用现在完成进行时。
【答案】have been thinking
9．The city certainly benefits—a whole industry ________________(build) up around the carnival's masks and costumes in the past centuries.
【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意为：这座城市当然会受益——在最近几个世纪，围绕狂欢节面具和服装的整个工业已经建立起来。根据时间状语in the past centuries可知用现在完成时，并且主语与动词短语build up为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态。
【答案】has been built
10．—Mike，did you see Mr.Chapman in the office just now?
—Yes，he ________________(interview)，and he looked a little bit nervous.
11．However，when the shine and excitement of the presents and the parties began to wear off，the young princess found out that her handsome young husband wasn't as wonderful as she ________(expect)．
【解析】考查时态。expect这一动作发生在found out之前，事情发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时，故填had expected。
【答案】had expected
12．Chinese children's fiction writer Cao Wenxuan，a professor of Chinese literature at Peking University, ________(award) the Hans Christian Andersen Prize on April 4,2016...
【解析】考查时态和语态。此处指“在2016年4月4日，曹文轩被授予国际安徒生文学奖”，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was awarded。
【答案】was awarded
13． Always citizens ________(educate) to take care of and show respect for handicapped people.
【解析】citizens和educate之间是动宾关系，句子状语是Always，故用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are educated。
【答案】are educated
14．So far，I ________(organize) several English activities of my class.
【解析】考查动词时态。so far“到目前为止”作状语时，句子谓语动词使用现在完成时。故填have organized。
【答案】have organized
15． A boy trembled in the cold winter，wrapping his arms around himself on a bus stop bench.He ________(wear) warm clothes and the temperature was －10℃.
【解析】根据前一句可知此处指的是他没有穿暖和的衣服，并且气温是零下10℃。本句描述的是过去某时正在进行中的动作，故用过去进行时。应填wasn't wearing。
【答案】wasn't wearing
16．World Read Aloud Day is celebrated each year on the first Wednesday of March.It ________(start) by the LitWorld.org website in 2010 and has now reached 65 countries.
【解析】考查时态和语态。根据本空后的“by the LitWorld.org website”及时间状语“in 2010”可知，此处用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was started。
【答案】was started
17．In rivers across the country，dragon races ________(hold) on the fifth day of the fifth month of the lunar calendar.
【解析】考查被动语态。dragon races和hold之间是动宾关系，而此处表示的是客观事实，用一般现在时，故填are held。
【答案】are held
18．For more than 50 years，travelers ________(use) the international driver's license to travel in foreign countries.
19．—Can I help you，madam?
—No，thank you.I ________(wait) for my order.
【解析】句意：—要我帮忙吗，夫人？—不，谢谢。我正等着我的订餐。根据上下文语境可知答话者正在等待。故用现在进行时。
【答案】am waiting
20．The flowers were so lovely that they ________(sell) in no time.
【解析】句意：这些花是如此可爱以至于它们立刻就被卖完了。The flowers和sell之间是动宾关系，而且根据前面的were可知此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。
【答案】were sold
二、单句改错
1．Some students thought it's a good idea to keep pets because many old people who live alone at home can get some comfort from them. ____________
【解析】根据语境可知应使用一般现在时。故thought改成think。
【答案】thought→think
2．First，Chinese people's living standard had been greatly improved，which allows most of them to travel around. ____________
【解析】根据语境可知此处表示的是近些年发生的事情，用现在完成时。故had改为has。
【答案】had→has
3．She was very afraid of mice，so she ran out of the house，getting onto a bus and went to a nearby shop. ____________
【解析】和ran，went并列的动词用过去式。故getting改成got。
【答案】getting→got
4．And during that period he plants in the depth of my mind the China dream... ____________
【解析】根据时间状语during that period可知，这句话应使用一般过去时。故plants改成planted。
【答案】plants→planted
5．With the development of technology，more and more consumers are given up traditional payment methods for digital currency. ____________
【解析】句意：随着科技的发展，越来越多的消费者正在放弃传统的支付方式，转而使用数字货币。这里用现在进行时的主动语态而不是一般现在时的被动语态叙述当前阶段正在发生的动作。
【答案】given→giving
6． That was the first time that I applied for a part－time job，and it was such a success. ____________
7． Henry had been teaching for 30 years，and will retire next year. ____________
【解析】句意：亨利教了30年的书，明年即将退休。语境表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到不久的将来，因此这里应该用现在完成进行时而不是过去完成进行时。
【答案】had→has
8．I hope you consider my application before you give me an answer. ____________
【解析】本句hope后面的宾语从句表示将来的动作，应该用一般将来时。
【答案】consider前加will
9．I've learnt from the notice that you're looking for an English editor for our school paper.I'm written this letter to apply for the position. ____________
【解析】根据语境可知，I与write之间是主谓关系，且此处表示正在进行的动作，故用现在进行时的主动式。
【答案】written→writing
10． My hobby is collecting stamps.I had stamps from many countries，like England，Canada，China and other countries. ____________
【解析】根据上一句中的is可知，此处讲述的是现在的事情，应用一般现在时，故将had改为have。
【答案】had→have
11．My sister saw a lovely cup when we are shopping the other day. ____________
【解析】考查动词时态。从句的时间状语“the other day”表示过去，故应用一般过去时。
【答案】are→were
12．There exist now a park that has a small river running through. ____________
【解析】考查主谓一致。此句为倒装句，主语为“a park”，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
【答案】exist→exists
13．Unfortunately，by the time I got back，they have finished the scene and the actors couldn't be seen anywhere. ____________
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：不幸的是，当我返回的时候，他们已经拍完了那个片段，哪都找不到演员了。我返回发生在过去，他们拍完片段发生在返回之前，所以用过去完成时。
【答案】have→had
14．Suddenly Mary，my best friend，asking me to let her copy my answers，but I refused. ____________
【解析】分析句子结构可知，but连接两个并列分句，前一分句缺少谓语动词，再结合后一分句的时态可知，应改asking为asked。
【答案】asking→asked
15．She was proved very patient and warm－hearted. ____________
【解析】考查动词语态。句意：她被证明很有耐心、很热心。此处prove是系动词，用主动形式表示被动意义。
【答案】去掉was
16．You do say that you would lend your bike to me yesterday. ____________
17．If you want to know what was happened that day，please ask the police. ____________
【解析】句意：如果你想知道那天发生了什么，请询问一下警察。happen是不及物动词，不存在被动语态。本题部分考生容易误以为happen为及物动词，从而找不出错误。
【答案】去掉was
18．Hardly had the doctor gone to bed when there is a knock on the door. ____________
【解析】“hardly...when...”句型中从句中要使用一般过去时，主句使用过去完成时，表示“一……就……”。此句意为“这位医生刚要睡觉，就听见有人敲门”。
【答案】is→was
19．Truly elegant chopsticks might be making of gold and silver with Chinese characters.
20．Pardon，but I don't quite follow what you said just now. ____________
【解析】从just now可知“刚才说的话没有听明白”，故此处用一般过去时。此句意为“不好意思，我刚才没听懂你的话”。
【答案】don't→didn't
三、选择题
1． He was a warm-hearted and hard working man, and________ by his classmates.
A. high thought of B. highly thought of
C. badly thought of D. was well thought
【答案】B
【解析】句意：他是一个热心的勤奋的人，被同学们称赞。think highly of意为“高度评价……”，此外为被动语态。故选B.
2．The patient insisted that he ________ ill and ________ to the hospital.
A. wasn’t, wasn’t sent
B. wasn’t, shouldn’t be sent
C. shouldn’t be, wasn’t sent
D. shouldn’t be, shouldn’t be sent
【答案】B
【解析】考查insist的用法。句意：病人坚持说他没有病，他不应该被送往医院。第一空insist“坚持认为”讲时，它后面的从句不用虚拟，因为主句用的是过去时，所以从句也用过去式；第二空insist“坚持要求”讲时，它后面的从句应该用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可以省略，又因为patient与send之间是被动关系，故选B。
3．I would have come earlier, but I ________ that you were waiting for me.
A．didn’t know B．hadn’t known
C．would have known D．haven’ t known
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。从前面的would have come earlier“我本来可以来得更早”，说明过去没能早来，是因为过去不知道你在等我，用过去时。故选A。
4．It’s nearly four years since I worked in that farm. I ________ a band with other fellows.
A. operated B. had been operating
C. was operating D. am operating
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态。句意：我在那家农场上班快四年了，我现在正和其他伙伴经营一个乐队。根据句意可知，用现在进行时态，故选D。
5．Asking them to boycott meetings when others do not agree with their demands is a(n) ________ to a very unhappy life of fighting with other people, ________ them their future happiness.
A. guarantee, having cost B. accomplishment, losing
C. invitation, costing D. affection, having lost
【答案】C
6．—I didn’t know your telephone number in Paris; otherwise, I ________ you.
—Oh, I would rather you ________ me.
A. would have called; had called
B. would ring; call
C. would have called; called
D. would ring; had called
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：——我不知道你在巴黎的电话号码，否则，我早就会给你打电话了。——我宁愿你打电话给我。第一空用would have called，因为这里的Otherwise相当于="if" I had known your phone number.，所以主句用和过去相反的虚拟语气；第二空用had called，因为would rather后面接从句的时候，如果是和过去相反用过去完成时吗，故选A。
7．—Why! I couldn’t get you on the phone this morning.
—We ________ tennis in the yard when you phoned me.
A. could be playing
B. must be playing
C. must have been playing
D. should have played
【答案】C
8．We have dealt with a large part of the problems, and the rest ________ by you.
A. remains to solve
B. remains to be solved
C. remain to be solved
D. remain to solve
【答案】C
【解析】考查主谓一致和语态。句意：我们已经处理了问题的一大部分，其余的仍然由你解决。The rest指the rest of the problems，主语是复数，所以谓语是复数；the rest与solve之间为被动关系，应用动词不定式的被动形式，故选C。
9．When and where we’ll hold the meeting ________ not been decided yet.
A. has B. is C. have D. are
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我们什么时候在哪里开会这件事还没有决定。指开会这一件事，谓语用单数，根据句中的yet判断用现在完成时。故选A。
10．—I have got a headache.
—No wonder. You ________ in front of the computer too long.
A. work B. are working
C. worked D. have been working
【答案】D
11．More than a dozen students in that school ________ abroad to study medicine last year.
A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent
【答案】B
【解析】考查被动语态。be sent abroad表示“被派往国外”。有明确的过去时间状语last year，所以用一般过去时的被动形式。故选B。
12．When __________ to danger and conflict, men tend to increase blood pressure, __________ nervous or anxious .
A. exposed; felt
B. exposed; feeling
C. exposing; felt
D. exposing; feeling
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词，第一空填exposed="when" men are exposed ，第二空是现在分词做状语，句意是：当人暴露于危险和冲突中，往往会血压升高，感到紧张和不安。选B。
13．Now that the problem ________, appropriate action can be taken, and final success will be seen.
A. is identified B. was identified
C. has been identified D. had been identified
【答案】C
【解析】句意：既然问题已经被鉴别，就应该采取合适的行动，也会看到最后的结果。根据语境和句意，这里用现在完成时的被动语态，故选C。
14．Tom hasn’t appeared for 10 days. So I promise his parents: “I'll report back, the moment I ________ him.”
A. located B. locate C. was locating D. will locate
【答案】B
【解析】句意：Tom十天没有出现了。因此，我向他父母保证：“我一知道他在哪就会回报。”这里the moment引导的时间状语从句表示将来，主句用将来时，从句用现在表示将来。故选B。
15．Because of the shortage of coal in England, attempts ________ to use natural gas as a source of power.
A. have made B. will have been made
C. are being made D. will be making
【答案】C
【解析】句意：由于英格兰煤炭资源的匮乏，人们正试图使用天然气作为一种能源。主语attempts和动词之间被动关系，这里根据语境和语意应该用正在进行时的被动语态，故C正确。
16．The boy spent as much time watching TV as he _______ studying.
A. does B. had C. was D. did
【答案】D
【解析】句意：这个男孩花在看电视和学习上的时间一样多。这里比较的是这个男孩spend 多少时间在这两个上面，对比的是spend的时间，所以要用did来代替spend。
17．We set off after dark ______ there three hours later.
A. and arrived B. is arrive
C. having arrived D. arriving
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我们天黑后出发，三个小时后到达那里。此处是并列句中间没有其他标点，故选A.
18．It was the second time that we ________ in holding such important parties.
A. succeed B. had succeeded C. succeeded D. have succeeded
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意：这是我们第二次成功的举行这么重要的聚会。It be +序数词+time+从句表示“第几次……”，从句的时态用完成时，根据主句用was，故从句用过去完成时，故选B。
19．Iraq ________ too many wars since 1990, making his people ________ a lot.
A. gone through; suffer
B. has gone through; suffered
C. has gone through; suffer
D. got through; suffer
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。get through完成；度过，熬过；用完；suffer…遭受；句意：自从1990年以来伊拉克经历了多次战争，让伊拉克人们遭受了很多的苦难。第一空用现在完成时，因句中有since；making在此是使役动词，后面的动词要用原形。故选C。
20．I ________ Beijing in a few days. Do you know when the earliest plane ________?
A. am leaving for; takes off
B. leaves for; takes off
C. am leaving for; is taking off
D. leave for; is taking off
【答案】A
21．Li Dong ________ for France next week. Let’s hold a party for him.
A. leaves B. would leave C. will have left D. is leaving
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态。句意：李东下周将会去法国。我们给他办个欢送会吧。用现在进行时态表将来。故选D。
22．Mr Smith will not be able to attend his son's wedding ceremony, because he ________ an important speech.
A. will be giving B. has given
C. gives D. will have given
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意：史密斯先生不能参加儿子的婚礼，因为那时他正在发表一个重要的演讲。前句中使用了一般将来时，横线句表示将来的某个时间点上正在发生的事情，所以使用将来进行时。故A正确。
23．Neither Mary nor her parents ________ the result of the election, which greatly surprises me.
A. is knowing B. knows C. have known D. has known
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：玛丽和她的父母都不知道选举结果，这使我非常惊讶。根据句意可知，用现在完成时态，neither...nor...连接的两个并列主语，其谓语动词遵循就近一致原则，与her parents一致，故选C。
24．Every time he ______ to visit me, he ______ buy me some books.
A. will come; will B. will come; would
C. comes; will D. comes; would
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。Every time在这里相当于连词，引导时间状语从句，主句用一般将来时态，从句用一般现在时态，特别注意单数第三人称，故选C。
25．With the world ______ fast, we have something new to face every day.
A. change B. changing C. changed D. to change
【答案】B
【解析】考查with的复合结构。the world 与change 之间为主谓关系，且表示主动进行，故用现在分词changing。句意：随着世界的迅速改变，每天我们要靠自己处理一些新的事情。
26．—Guess what? I happened to have met Mark at the party last week.
—If my memory serves me correctly, you two ________ each other for almost ten years.
A. haven't seen B. hadn't seen C. didn't see D. don't see
【答案】B
27．This is the third time I ______ Beijing. The second time I ______ here was on National Day last year.
A. have visited; came B. have visited; have come
C. visited; came D. visited; have come
【答案】A
【解析】句意：这是我第三次参观北京，第二次去是去年国庆节。This is the…time that…句型中主句动词是is，从句动词用现在完成时，故第一空用have visited；第二空根据时间last year用过去时，故选A.
28．Why, you’re late again! I ________ here for over two hours!
A. am waiting B. waited
C. have been waiting D. was waiting
【答案】C
【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：为什么，你又迟到了！我在这里已经等了两个多小时了！根据句意可知，“等”这个动作是从过去开始，一直持续到现在一直在进行的动作，并对现在造成了影响。故选C项。
29．Why are you here? You are supposed to ________ the experiment in the lab.
A. perform B. be performing C. have performed D. be performed
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意：你为什么在这里？你应该正在实验室里做实验。表示“正在做某事”用进行时态，故选B项。
30．—Why did you leave that position?
—I ________ a better position at IBM.
A. offer B. offered C. am offered D. was offered
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态和语态。——你为什么离开那个职位？——我在IBM被提供了一个更好的职位。用一般过去时态的被动语态，故选D。