2017-2018学年高二英语人教版（选修7）Unit3 Under the sea 单元检测Word版含解析

Unit 3 Under the sea
单元检测
Ⅰ.阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
The deep ocean plays a vital role in keeping our fishing and removing CO2 from the atmosphere, as well as being home to a large number of creatures. But a new study reveals that food supplies at the seafloor in the deepest regions of the ocean could fall by up to 55% by 2100, starving the animals and microbes(微生物) that exist there, while changes in the temperature, pH and oxygen levels are also predicted to cause lots of damage to fragile ecosystems.
The situation, the researchers note, is worse because of drilling for oil and gas, dumping of pollutants, fishing and the prospect of deep-sea mining. "We need to wake up and start really realising that with the deep ocean, even though we can’t see it...we’re going to be having a huge effect on the largest environment on the planet," said Andrew Sweetman, the co-author of the research. "It’s pretty scary."
The study describes how the team explored how oceans around the world are set to change over the 21st century. "We wanted to look at how all of these combined stressors — warming, raised acidification, reduced food supplies to the seafloor, deoxygenation — would work together to affect the ocean," said Sweetman. The results reveal that the future of the deep sea is weak.
By 2100 ocean conditions will have changed obviously, with so-called bathyal depths (waters reaching roughly 200 metres to 3,000 metres in depth) in the Pacific, Atlantic and Arctic Oceans increasing in temperature by up to 4℃.
Warming oceans are expected to result in lower oxygen concentrations, with levels predicted to fall in bathyal seafloor habitats by up to 3.7%. But even small changes, said Sweetman, could have a large impact, resulting in disruptions (扰乱) to fragile ecosystems that exist on the edges of regions with very low oxygen.
Adrian Glover, an expert in deep oceans from the Natural History Museum in London who was not involved in the research, welcomed the study. "It must be stressful, however, that actual data on changes in deep-sea ecosystems are extremely scarce," he said. "While the study offers clear evidence that climate change will affect temperature, acidity, and other factors, it is still speculation(推测) as to what the influence would be on biodiversity, for example," said Glover.
1. What can we learn from what Andrew Sweetman said?
A. Ocean conditions will get improved.
B. The deep ocean affects human life hugely.
C. Humans are to blame for the present ecosystems.
D. The importance of the deep ocean isn’t realised.
2. What is Adrian Glover’s attitude to the study?
A. Disapproving.
B. Objective.
C. Useless.
D. Perfect.
3. What’s the main idea of this passage?
A. The deep ocean is important to humans.
B. Food supplies at the deep seafloor are lacking.
C. The deep ocean will become warmer and warmer.
D. Warming and food shortage give deep-sea life a dark future.
B
More than one in 10 of the UK’s wildlife species is threatened with extinction (灭绝) and the number of the nation’s most endangered creatures has fallen by two-thirds since 1970. The abundance of all wildlife has also fallen, with one in six animals, birds, fish and plants having been lost, a State of Nature report found.
Together with historical deforestation (毁林) and industrialization, these trends have left the UK "among the most nature-exhausted countries in the world", with most of the country having gone past the stage at which "ecosystems may no longer reliably meet society’s needs".
The comprehensive scientific report, gathered by more than 50 conservation organizations, spells out the destructive impact of modern farming and climate change on habitats from farmland and hills to rivers and the coast. "The fall in wildlife wasn’t just all back in 70s and 80s, it’s still happening now," said Mark Eaton, at RSPB and the lead author of the report. "We’re getting more efficient in our farming. In a way it’s something to be celebrated — how good our farming science and technology is, but it does squeeze nature out."
Eaton said there were good examples of wildlife and habitat recovery, but such projects were too few to turn the tide, with public funding for nature’s diversity having fallen by 32% from 2008 to 2015. "The ability to do it is within our grasp; it’s just about resources and the willingness. The natural world is in serious trouble and it needs our help as never before. We continue to lose the precious wildlife that enriches our lives and is essential to the health and well-being of those who live in the UK. But the State of Nature 2016 report gives us cause for hope too. Landscapes are being restored, special places defended, struggling species being saved and brought back. But we need to build significantly on this progress if we’re to provide a bright future for nature and for people."
Overall, the new report found that 56% of species declined between 1970 and 2013, and 53% between 2002 and 2013. While the rest of the species were increasing, we’re seeing a lot of disorder, some species going up really fast and some going down equally fast. It doesn’t look like a healthy, natural situation. If that carries on, you end up with just 50% left.
4. How is Paragraph 1 mainly developed?
A. By listing figures. B. By giving examples.
C. By analyzing causes. D. By making comparisons.
5. What does the underlined part mean?
A. Modern farming must return to nature.
B. Modern farming makes full use of nature.
C. Modern farming can enrich nature’s diversity.
D. Modern farming may disturb nature’s balance.
6. What does the last but one paragraph mainly suggest?
A. Endangered wildlife must be well protected.
B. People should unite to fight for a bright future.
C. The situation is still severe despite some progress.
D. More money is needed for environmental protection.
7. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A. To tell the British how to save wildlife species.
B. To explain why more wildlife species face extinction.
C. To stress the importance of protecting wildlife species.
D. To introduce the current situation of Britain’s wildlife species.
Ⅱ.完形填空
阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A marine biologist placed a shark into a large holding tank and then released several small bait fish into the tank. The result met your?　1　, the shark quickly swam across the tank, attacked and ate the smaller fish.
The biologist then?　2　a strong piece of fiberglass into the tank, creating two?　3　parts. She then put the shark on one side of the?　4　fiberglass and a new set of bait fish on the other.?　5　, the shark quickly attacked. But this time, the shark?　6　because it knocked hard against the fiberglass?　7　. Determined, the shark kept?　8　this behavior every few minutes, but?　9　. Meanwhile, the bait fish swam around?　10　in the second part. Eventually, the shark?　11　hope of hunting. This experiment was carried out several times. Each time, the shark got less?　12　and made fewer attempts to attack the fish, until it?　13　hitting the fiberglass and simply stopped attacking. The biologist then?　14　the fiberglass, but the shark didn’t attack. The shark was trained to believe a?　15　existed between it and the bait fish,?　16　the bait fish could swim wherever they wished, free from harm.
Many of us, after experiencing setbacks and failures,?　17　give up and stop trying. Like the shark in the story, we believe that?　18　we were unsuccessful in the past, we will always be unsuccessful.?　19　, even when no "real" obstacle exists between where we are and where we want to go, we?　20　see obstacles in our heads.
1. A. demands B. expectations C. schedules D. requirements
2. A. changed B. added C. inserted D. crashed
3. A. separate B. opposite C. connected D. relevant
4. A. delicate B. hidden C. transparent D. flexible
5. A. Yet B. Meanwhile C. Instead D. Again
6. A. bounced B. paused C. withdrew D. leapt
7. A. trapper B. catcher C. tester D. divider
8. A. accomplishing B. repeating C. copying D. strengthening
9. A. in order B. in vain C. in secret D. in pain
10. A. unaccustomed B. unchallenged C. unharmed D. unnoticed
11. A. divorced B. declined C. raised D. abandoned
12. A. blind B. aggressive C. alert D. arbitrary
13. A. got occupied with B. got involved in
C. got tired of D. got used to
14. A. readjusted B. restored C. replaced D. removed
15. A. barrier B. distance C. gap D. distinction
16. A.so B. but C. as D. for
17. A. readily B. intentionally C. emotionally D. physically
18. A. because B. though C. unless D. while
19. A. Above all B. In other words C. As a result D. In conclusion
20. A. abruptly B. constantly C. eventually D. occasionally
Ⅲ. 语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Nowadays, more and more post-90s generation will enter the workforce. They place more emphasis?　1　looking for a job that they enjoy more than other factors. Many of them hope to establish a?　2　(relax) working relationship. More than half of them prefer the easy-going and good-tempered?　3　(employ). Surprisingly 10 percent of them wish to be friends with their bosses. Experts say that they are the generation of the Internet era. They have a strong?　4　(aware) of "self" and how they relate to the outside world. Guo Yun, 22, is a digital media major from Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications. She says that she would not mind?　5　(work) long hours, but would prefer her boss?　6　(explain ) why she has to, such as the urgency of the task. "I feel?　7　(great) motivated in this way," she explains. They tend to care a great deal about the team or the management culture.?　8　are also more outspoken about their needs, and they are likely to openly communicate with their employers. As a result, they?　9　(admit) into most big companies more easily. I think it is their frankness and enthusiasm?　10　leaves a deep impression on their employers.
Ⅳ. 短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Every year I spent my holidays in the countryside in my grandparents cottage. I really like spending time there. What I love mostly about rural areas is the peace or silence. This year I’m going to ride my bike, and swim in the amazed lake and the swimming pool. I’ll also meet best friend Sara. But I will have some duties too, because of my grandparents often need the hand with housework and gardening. I’m really looking forward to go there. I will finally be able to relax myself after the school year, that seems a long time. I’m sure I’ll have a good time.
Ⅴ. 书面表达
假如你是李华,你校学生会组织部分同学在社区开展了一次环保活动。请你根据提示给美国朋友Carl写一封电子邮件介绍此次活动:
1.活动时间;
2.活动内容;
3.活动感受。
注意:
1.词数100 左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
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Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。随着全球变暖的程度加深以及海底食物的不足,深海生物正面临着诸多危机。
2. B【解析】考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Adrian Glover...welcomed the study" "It must be stressful, however, that actual data on changes in deep-sea ecosystems are extremely scarce" "While the study offers clear evidence that climate change will affect temperature, acidity, and other factors, it is still speculation(推 测)..."可知,虽然Adrian Glover乐意接受这项研究(成果),但是他也指出了该研究缺乏关于深海生态系统 变化的实际数据等弊端。由此可推知,他对这项研究持客观的态度。
3. D【解析】考查主旨要义。通读全文,尤其是第一段的内容可知,文章从两个方面入手,即随着全球变暖程度 的加深以及海底食物的不足,阐述了深海生物正面临着诸多危机。故D项对全文内容概括得最为全面和 准确。
B
【语篇解读】现在,英国的野生生物正在面临严峻的形势,有超过十分之一的野生生物物种濒临灭绝。虽然在野生生物和栖息地恢复上已取得一定的进步,但是这些是远远不够的。
4. A【解析】考查推理判断。根据第一段的内容尤其是"one in 10""two-thirds since 1970""one in six"可知,第一 段主要是通过列数据的形式展开的。故选A。
6. C【解析】考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段Eaton所说的话尤其是"there were good examples of wildlife and habitat recovery, but such projects were too few to turn the tide, with public funding for nature’s diversity having fallen by 32% from 2008 to 2015""The natural world is in serious trouble and it needs our help as never before""we need to build significantly on this progress if we’re to provide a bright future for nature and for people"可知,虽然在野生生物和栖息地的恢复上已经取得了一定的成效,但是这些项目并不能扭转目 前英国的野生生物所面临的严峻形势,如果我们想让自然和人类拥有美好的未来的话,我们需要付出更 多努力。由此可知,文章倒数第二段要传达的信息是虽然已经取得了进步,但是形势依然很严峻。故选C。 考生易误选A项。虽然倒数第二段提及的"the precious wildlife that enriches our lives and is essential to the health and well-being of those who live in the UK"表明了保护野生生物的重要性,但并不是作者在该段中 想要表达的中心内容,故可排除。
7. D【解析】考查作者意图。纵观全文,尤其是文章第一段中的"More than one in 10 of the UK’s wildlife species is threatened with extinction(灭绝) and the number of the nation’s most endangered creatures has fallen by two-thirds since 1970..."可知,本文主要讲的是目前英国的野生生物面临的严峻形势。故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空
【语篇解读】本文是夹叙夹议文。一位海洋生物学家做了一个小实验,作者由这个实验发出感慨:我们中的许多人经历过挫折和失败后,就从情感上放弃尝试。
1. B 实验结果在你的预料(expectations)之中。demand"要求,需求";schedule"工作计划,日程安排 ";requirement"要求,必要条件"。
2. C 然后这位生物学家把一块坚固的玻璃纤维插入(inserted)这个水箱里,制造出两个分开的部分。add" 添加",常与介词to搭配使用。
3. A 参见上题解析。separate"分开的";opposite"对面的,迥然不同的";connected"相连的";relevant"紧密相关 的"。
7. D 参见上题解析。divider"分隔物,分开物",符合语境。trapper"捕杀动物者";catcher"捕捉器,接球手 ";tester"测试员,测试器,试用品"。
8. B 根据上文中的"Determined"和下文中的"This experiment was carried out several times. Each time, the shark got less　　and made fewer attempts to attack the fish"可知,一开始,鲨鱼不断重复(repeating)这 一行为。accomplish"完成";copy"复制,模仿";strengthen"加强"。
9. B 尽管鲨鱼不断重复这一行为,但都是白费力气。in vain"徒劳,白费力气",符合语境。in order"井然有序, 适当";in secret"秘密地,暗中";in pain"痛苦地"。
10. C 上文提到鲨鱼攻击用作诱饵的鱼的企图都失败了,因此,此处表示"用作诱饵的鱼毫发无伤地四处游 动"。本段最后一句"the bait fish could swim wherever they wished, free from harm"也是提示。 unaccustomed"不习惯,不适应";unchallenged "未受到过质疑的,未受到过挑战的";unnoticed"未被注意到 的"。
11. D 最终,鲨鱼放弃了(abandoned)捕猎到用作诱饵的鱼的希望。divorce"使脱离";decline"拒绝";raise"提高"。
12. B 每一次,鲨鱼的攻击性都会变得更弱一点。aggressive"侵略的,挑衅的",符合语境。blind"盲目的";alert" 警觉的";arbitrary"任意的"。
13. C 根据下文中的"and simply stopped attacking...but the shark didn’t attack"可知,鲨鱼厌倦了(got tired of) 撞击玻璃纤维。get occupied with"忙于";get involved in"卷入"。
14. D 然后,生物学家移除了(removed)玻璃纤维,但是鲨鱼仍不攻击。readjust"再次调整";restore"恢复 ";replace"替换"。
15. A 鲨鱼被训练得相信它和用作诱饵的鱼之间有障碍物(barrier),因此(玻璃纤维被移除后)小鱼无所顾忌 地四处游动,不受攻击。distance"距离";gap"间隙";distinction"区别"。
16. A 参见上题解析。前后句之间是因果关系,前面是因,后面是果,故选并列连词so。
17. C 我们中的许多人,在经历挫折和失败后,会从情感上(emotionally)选择放弃,并停止尝试。readily"快捷 地,轻而易举地";intentionally"有意地";physically"身体上地"。
Ⅲ. 语法填空
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。如今,越来越多的90后即将进入社会,他们有着很强的自我意识,他们直率并敢于公开地与老板沟通自己的想法,正因为这样,他们深受大多数公司老板的青睐。坦率和热情是积极的情感态度,本篇文章的话题符合高考,注重发展中学生与人沟通和合作的能力。
1. on【解析】本题考查考生根据固定搭配正确使用介词的能力。此处表示职场90后更强调要做自己喜欢做 的事情。动词词组place emphasis on sth.意为"强调……,重视……"。
2. relaxing【解析】本题考查考生根据语篇的意义把动词正确转化为形容词的能力。句意:许多90后希望建 立令人轻松的工作关系。本空用来修饰名词短语working relationship,因此应该用形容词。动词relax 的形容词形式有两种relaxed和relaxing。前者表示"感到放松的",而后者表示"令人放松的,令人轻松 的"。
3. employers【解析】本题考查考生根据语篇的意义正确用动词转化为名词的能力。句意:超过一半的90后 更喜欢随和的、脾气好的老板。根据语境可知本空应该泛指老板,因此用名词复数employers。
4. awareness【解析】本题考查考生根据语篇的意义把形容词正确转化为名词的能力。此处表示他们有很强 的自我意识。分析句子结构并结合句中的a可知,此处应用名词。
5. working【解析】本题考查考生根据动词用法正确使用非谓语动词的能力。此处表示她说她不介意工作时 间长,但是她希望老板给她一个合理的解释,比如说工作的紧迫性等。句中动词mind表示"介意 ",其后只能接动名词作宾语,不能接不定式作宾语。
6. to explain【解析】本题考查考生根据动词短语正确使用非谓语动词的能力。参考上题解析可知,此处表示 希望老板给她一个合理的解释。句中prefer sb. to do sth.为固定搭配,表示"宁愿某人做某事"。
7. greatly【解析】本题考查考生根据语篇的意义以及句子结构正确使用副词的能力。句中motivated为形容 词,表示"有积极性的,有动力的",应用副词修饰。
10. that【解析】本题考查考生对强调句型的掌握情况。正是他们的直率与热情给老板们留下了深刻的印象。 此处为强调句"It is +被强调部分+that+其他部分",故应用that。
Ⅳ. 短文改错
Every year I??my holidays in the countryside in my??cottage. I really like spending time there. What I love??about rural areas is the peace??silence. This year I’m going to ride my bike, and swim in the??lake and the swimming pool. I’ll also meet??best friend Sara. But I will have some duties too, because???of??my grandparents often need??hand with housework and gardening. I’m really looking forward to??there. I will finally be able to relax myself after the school year,??seems a long time. I’m sure I’ll have a good time.
第一处:spent→spend。考查时态。根据句中的时间状语Every year可知,此处指每年发生的事情,因此用一般现在时。
第二处:grandparents→grandparents’。句中的cottage是祖父母的,表示所属关系,因此用名词所有格grandparents’作定语。
第三处:mostly→most。most作副词时表示程度,意为"最",What I love most表示"我最喜欢的",而mostly作副词,表示"主要地,大部分",故此处用most。
第四处:or→and。关于乡村地区,我最喜欢的是(那里的)宁静和寂静。根据句意可知,此处表示顺承,不表示选择,故用and。
第五处:amazed→amazing。修饰事物,表示"令人……的"时,应该用-ing形容词;而-ed形容词则用于修饰人,表示"感到……的"。故此处用amazing"令人惊讶的"。
第六处:best前加my。此处指我最好的朋友,应该加上形容词性物主代词my以明确句意。
Ⅴ. 书面表达
Dear Carl,
Last Saturday, some of us students went to the local community to do some clean-up to protect the environment, which was organized by our Student Union.
We gathered at the school gate early in the morning, and upon arrival, we set about working. Divided into several groups, some of us collected litter around the community, and some helped put the rubbish into the dustbins. Meanwhile, some other students handed out brochures that we’d prepared beforehand, calling on people to do what they could for a clean environment.
Our work was over that day, but I know that there’s a long way to go before we really enjoy a clean environment and this needs everyone’s effort.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
本文要求考生根据提示写一封电子邮件,给出的文字提示指出了大致的写作方向,但考生需要进一步发挥。写作时考生可从以下几方面入手:
1.确定写作的人称和时态。因为要描述自己学校开展的环保活动,故以第一人称为主;因为要介绍的活动已经
发生,故应以一般过去时为主。
2.梳理所给提示,列出写作要点:
(1)活动时间(一般都是周六或周日);
(2)活动内容(此部分自由发挥,只要跟环保有关均可);
(3)活动感受。
3.考虑写作中能够用到的词汇:clean-up, organize, collect litter, call on等。
【亮点点击】
1.文章首句运用了do some clean-up, was organized by, which引导的非限制性定语从句,这些都是亮点,可谓开
篇不凡。
2.活动过程叙述自然,使用了过去分词/现在分词作状语、that引导的限制性定语从句、what引导的宾语从句
和高级词语upon arrival, set about, handed out等。
3.结尾描述感受时使用了句型there’s a long way to go before...,当属点睛之笔。