【2018赢在中考】英语二轮专题解读与强化训练
专题十六 主谓一致 解析卷
根据对主谓一致部分全国各地试题的分析可知,今后该部分将是重点考查点之一。其考查重点为:主谓一致的语法一致原则、主谓一致的整体一致原则、主谓一致的就近一致原则、主谓一致的意义一致原则和主谓一致的附加原则。考试题型常出现在选择题中。所以在进行专项或知识点复习时,务必把主谓一致作为复习的重点,不但要把常见的基本概念搞清楚,而且有必要做大量的相应练习。这样才能在实际应用中少出错或不出错。21*cnjy*com
主谓一致的三原则:
1. 语法一致的原则 2. 意义一致的原则 3. 邻近一致的原则
谓语受主语支配,须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则和就近一致原则。在英语中,谓语动词必须和主语在人称和数上同主语保持一致,叫做主谓一致。通常采用下列三个原则来处理,即:语法形式一致的原则、逻辑意义一致的原则、就近(或毗邻)一致的原则。
一、语法形式一致的原则,即在语法形式上取得一致。如:主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数;主语为复数形式,谓语动词也采用复数形式。但须注意下列几种情况:
1.以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 例如:
What you need most is to have a good sleep.你所需要的就是好好睡一觉。
How you can get there is a problem. 你怎么到那儿去还是个问题。
[注意:]由what引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式。但若表语是“复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构”时,主句的谓语动词用复数 。例如:21·cn·jy·com
What I bought were three English books.我买的是三本英语书。
What I say and do is (are) helpful for you.我所说的和做的对你是有帮助的。
2、由and 或both...and来连接并列主语时,谓语用复数。例如:
Swimming and walking are good exercises.游泳和散步都是好运动。www-2-1-cnjy-com
He and I were classmates when we were at college.他和我在上大学时是同学。
[注意]
1)但是,并列主语如果表示同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数形式(这时and后的名词前没有冠词)。例如:
The manager and secretary was absent at the meeting.经理兼书记没有出席会议。
2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别被no, each, every或many a ,more than one修饰时,其谓语动词用单数形式。 例如:
Each man and each woman is asked to help. 每个男士和妇女都被请来帮忙。
Many a student is having practice in that factory. 许多学生正在那家工厂实习。
[注意] 在“more than one+单数名词”作主语时,若在There be句型中,亦可用复数。 如:
There is/are more than one man here.? 这儿不止一个人。
3、如果主语是单数,尽管后面跟有(together) with, as well as, like, but, except, besides,including, no less than, rather than ,as much as,more than,along with? in addition to等介词短语,其谓语动词仍用单数形式;若主语为复数,则谓语动词也用复数。例如:
An English teacher together with some students has climbed to the top of the mountain.一位英语老师和几个学生已经爬到了山顶。
Mary as well as her friends likes this painting.玛丽和她的朋友都喜欢这幅画。
No one except my close friends knows anything about this matter.除了我的亲密朋友谁也不知道这件事。
4、不定代词each, either, neither 和由 some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。?? 例如:【来源:21·世纪·教育·网】
Each (of us) takes a cup of coffee.(我们)每人喝一杯咖啡。
Everyone knows smoking cigarettes is bad for health.大家都知道吸烟不利于身体健康。
Nothing is to be done 没有什么要干的事。
若后面的名词是不可数名词,它的谓语动词就要用单数;若它后面的名词是复数,它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。例如None of the sugar was left.没有剩下什么糖了
None of us has (have) been to America.我们中没有人去过美国。
5.不定代词none 以及由"none/either/neither+of+复数合词(或代词)"构成的短语作主语时,谓语用单复数均可,这取决于说话人的意思。当说话人着眼于“每一个都不.......”或“两个中的任何一个都不.......”时,谓语动词用单数;当说话者着眼于“所有的都不.......”或“两个中的全部都不.......”时,谓语动词用复数。例如:?
None know when that was. (强调所有的人)? 没人知道这是什么时候的事。
None is so good as he.(强调每一个人)? 没有人像他那么好。
在定语从句中,关系代词that,who,which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数,应与句中先行词的数一致。例如:21教育网
The horse which is tied to the tree belongs to John.拴在树上的那匹马是约翰的。
Those who want to go on a journey please sign your name here.要去旅游的请把名字签在这儿。
[注意]在以“one of the+复数名词”为先行词的定语从句中,关系代词作主语时,谓语动词用复数;但如果“one of the+复数名词”这个结构前有the only之类的修饰语时,其从句的谓语动词用单数.例如:
Bob is one of my friends who are helping me with English.鲍勃是帮助我英语的朋友之一。
6、“a lot of (lots of, plenty of, a head of, heaps of, the rest(majority) of ,somewww.21-cn-jy.com
(many,anymore,most, all等)of++名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词的数要与of后面的名词(短语)保持一致。例如:
Some of us do not know much about the theatre.我们中有一些人还不太懂得戏剧。
Some (of the sugar) is wet.????? 有些(糖)是湿的。
注意:
1)all单独作主语表示“人”时,谓语用复数;表示“整个事件或事情”时,谓语用单数。 如:
All are present.?? 所有的人都出席了。(表人) All is well.? 一切都好。 (表示整个事情或情况)
2)“a number of+复数名词 ”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;“The number of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
A large number of buildings were burnt down.许多楼房被毁了。
A number of students in our class are out by the lake.我们班有些学生到湖边去了。
The number of students in our school is 2500.我们学校的学生人数是2500名。
7、由“分数或百分数+of +名词(或代词)”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词的数要与of后面的名词(短语)保持一致。例如:
Two thirds of the country is dry or desert.这个国家的三分之二的地方气候干燥或者是沙漠地区。
Two thirds of the people present are against the plan.在场的三分之二的人反对这个计划。
8、 如果主语是由“a kind of, 或this/that? kind of, a series ( a species) of ,a pair of等 + 名词”构成谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如:
This kind of men is dangerous.这种人是危险的。
There is a kind of rose in his garden.他的花园里有玫瑰花。
[注意]但"there/those kinds of+复数名词"作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。如:
There kinds of tests are good .? 这种测试很好。
There are many kinds of pears.有很多种梨子。
二、逻辑意义一致原则,即谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的内在涵义。常见的有以下几种情况:
1、表示总称意义形单意复的名词,如people, police, cattle 等作主语时,只当作复数看待,谓语在任何情况下都用复数。如:
Cattle are one cause of the problem.造成戈壁滩的原因之一是牲畜问题。
The police are searching for a murderer in that mountain.警察正在山中搜寻一名杀人犯。
2、以集体名词army, class, enemy, family, government, group, team,crew,crowd,public等集体名词作主语时,谓语应视其情况而用不同形式:当作主语被看作一个整体时,谓语用单数,如果被看成是其中的个体成员时,谓语就用复数。如:
Our class are playing a basketball match tomorrow.?? 我们班同学明天要举行一场篮球赛。
Our family is not poor any more.? 我们家已经不再贫困了。
My family all speak the Intuit language.我一家人都讲因努伊特语。
[注意]population 单独使用作主语时,谓语动词用单数;而前面有some, most 或与分数、百分数连用作主语时,则谓语动词用复数形式。例如:
Most of the population of the city are workers.这个城市人口的大多数是工人。
One third of the population now smoke.三分之一的人口在吸烟。
3、当一些有两部分构成的表示衣物或工具的名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式,如glasses, trousers(裤子), shoes ,chopsticks(筷子),goods(货物),scissors(剪刀),socks, compasses(圆规) ,但如果这些名词前有a pair of,等量词修饰时,(clothes被修饰a suit of),谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如:
Your trousers need washing.? 你的裤子该洗了。
My glasses are new.?我的眼镜是新的。
4、由“pair, piece of +名词 / 代词”作主语时,谓语动词与pair, piece等词保持一致与后的代词、名词无关。例如:There is a pair of shoes left.只剩下一双鞋。
5、当表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、长度、价值等数词短语作主语,根据意义一致原则,通常被看作一个整体,其谓语用单数。如:
Twenty years is a long time to us. 对于我们来说,20年是一段很长的时间。
6.某些形复意单的名词(如表示人名、地名、国名及组织、书籍、报刊等名称的专有名词和学科名词等)作主语,谓语用单数。 如:
Physics is a difficult subject to learn, I think. 我想,物理是一门难学的目。
The United States is in North America.? 美国在北美洲。
7、如果主语由“the+形容词(分词)”担任时,往往根据意义一致原则,来决定谓语动词的单、复数形式。如果表示一类人时,谓语动用复数形式;如果指个人或抽象概念时,则谓语动词用单数形式。例如:The old is taken good care of in our country. 在我们国家老人受到很好的照顾。
8、名词所有格之后的名词被省略的情况,一般只指商店、公共建筑物、住宅等,作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数。例如:The baker's is on the side of the street.理发馆在街道的另一边。
9、数词作主语时,谓语用单数,但有四则运算中,谓语单、复数均可。如:
Ten is a round number.????????? 十是个整数。
10.疑问代词who, what, which作主语时,谓语动词的形式取决于它产本身的含义。如:??
Who teaches you English??? 谁教你们英语????
11、表示数量的短语“one and a half+名词复数”及“a+单数名词+and+a half”作主语时,谓语用单数。如:21世纪教育网版权所有
One and a half oranges has been left on the table. 桌子上只剩下一个半桔了。
12.某些单数同形的名词作主语时,依照意义一致的原则,表示单数意义时,谓语动词用单数;反之谓语动词则用复数形式。这类名词有:sheep,deer, fish,means(方法、手段)species (种类) -ance及以-ese/-ss结尾的表示民族的名词等)。例如:【出处:21教育名师】
One day this white sheep was lost.??? 有一天,这只白色的绵羊丢了。
There are many fish in the Jia Ling River.?? 嘉陵江时有很多鱼。21教育名师原创作品
三、就近一致原则,即谓语动词的数随最近的主语而定,又称为毗邻一致原则。例如:
1、当or,either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also...,not...but....,whether...or...等连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词单复数取决于最靠近于它的名词或代词。例如:
Not only the mother but also the children were there.不但母亲在那里,而且孩子们也在那里。
2、在倒装句中如一个句子由there 或here引起,而主语又不止一个,谓语动词往往与最邻近的一个主语保持一致。例如:
Where is your mother and younger sisters? 你的母亲和妹妹们在哪儿?2-1-c-n-j-y
1. (2016·上海)The twins fond of the new idea in the magazine article.
A. be B. am C. is D. are
[答案]D
[解析]be fond of意为“喜爱;喜欢”。由the twins可知句子的主语是两个人,故选are。
2. (2016·湖北荆州)The number of the volunteer in our city 2,000. And sixty percent of them teachers and students. 21*cnjy*com
A. is;is B. is;are C. are;is D. are;are
[答案]B
[解析]句意:在我们城市的志愿者的数量是2 000。他们中有百分之六十是教师和学生。the number of... “……的数量”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数;sixty percent of... “百分之六十……”,当其修饰的名词在句子中作主语时,谓语动词是用单数还是用复数取决于名词,即与名词保持一致,因为of后跟代词them,所以答案选B。
3. (2016·湖北孝感) Both Kate and I ready for the new high school life.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
[答案]C
[解析]句意:凯特和我都为新的中学生活做好了准备。both... and... 连接两个名词或代词作主语时,后面的谓语动词要用复数形式,故选C。
4. (2016·甘肃兰州)My sister with my parents dumplings when I got home yesterday evening.
A. are making B. is making C. was making D. were making
[答案]C
[解析]句意:我昨晚回家时,我妹妹和我父母在包饺子。A项表示现在进行时;B项的主语应为单数,表示现在进行时;C项的主语为单数,表示过去进行时;D项表示过去进行时。由主语My sister为第三人称单数和时间状语为yesterday evening可知用过去进行时。故选C。
5. (2016·江苏淮安)Andy,with his parents, to Hong Kong,and they will stay there for a week.
A. have gone B. has gone C. have been D. has been
[答案]B
[解析]句意:安迪和他的父母已经去了香港,他们将在那里待上一个星期。“have/has been to+地点”意为“曾经去过某地”;“have/has gone to +地点”意为“已经去了某地”。从后一分句知,Andy和其父母是已经去了香港,排除C、D两项;本句的主语为第三人称单数Andy,而介词短语with his parents作伴随状语,句子谓语动词用第三人称单数。故选B。2·1·c·n·j·y
6. (2016·新疆阜康米泉)—Jack, of the oranges gone bad.
—We’d better eat up the rest as soon as possible.
A. one fifth;have B. one fifth;has C. one fifths;have D. first five;has
[答案]A
[解析]分数中,分子用基数词,分母用序数词(分子大于1时加-s),分数作主语时,谓语动词与后面的名词保持一致。oranges是复数。故选A。
7. (2016·黑龙江龙东)We each WeChat nowadays,even the old people.
A. play B. plays C. playing
[答案]A
[解析]句子的主语为we,each作同位语,playing不能独立作谓语。故选A。句意:现在我们每个人都在玩微信,甚至是老年人 (也在玩)。
8. (2016·湖南永州)Neither Li Hua nor I good at writing.
A. am B. is C. are
[答案]A
[解析]句意:李华和我都不擅长写作。由neither... nor得知谓语动词应与最近的主语保持一致,即遵循“就近原则”。故选A。
9. (2016·湖南郴州)—Look! A woman with three children crossing the street.
—Let’s help them.
A. is B. are C. was
[答案]A
[解析]句意:“看! 一个带着三个孩子的妇女在过街。”“让我们帮帮他们吧。” with是介词,谓语动词要根据with前的名词确定单复数;因with前的名词woman是单数形式,所以谓语动词也要用第三人称单数形式;由句中的look可知句子用现在进行时。故选A。
10. (2016·黑龙江齐齐哈尔)There some good advice about how to reduce air pollution on the Internet.
A. are B. is C. have
[答案]B
[解析]根据there可知考查There be 句型。主语是advice,视为单数,be动词用单数is。句意:在网上有一些关于如何降低空气污染的好建议。故选B。
11.How time flies! Ten years ________ passed.??
A. have? ????B. has? ????C. is? ????D. are
[答案]B
[解析]该题考查的是主谓一致。Ten years通常被看作是一个时间整体,谓语动词用单数形式。
12.Not only his parents but also his brother ____ to the Summer Palace. They haven’t been back.?
A. have been? ???B. have gone? ???C. has been? ???D. has gone
[答案]D
[解析]该题考查的是主谓一致。如果由not only…but also连接两个并列主语,其谓语动词同相邻的主语保持一致,谓语动词应用单数形式。又因为他们还都没有回来,所以用has gone而不用has been。
13.Neither my father ________ going to see the patient.?
A. nor I am??? B. nor I are???C. or me are??? D. or me is
[答案]A
[解析]该题考查的是主谓一致。Neither…nor是一组连词,可连接连个并列主语,其谓语动词应同靠近的主语I保持一致, 因此应选A。
14.Look! There _______ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square. (2004包头)
A. are a number of deer?B. are a number of deers?C. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers
[答案]A
[解析]该题考查的是主谓一致。这个句子的主语是a number of deer, 是个复数概念,因此谓语动词应用复数形式。(deer单复数相同)
15.The number of ________ in our class ________ fifty.??
A. student, is ??B. the students, are??C. the students, is D. students, are
[答案]C
[解析]本题考查主谓一致的用法。the number of 后接复数名词,作主语时,其谓语动词用单数形式。故应选C。
16.The number of the students in our class _____ 54.??
A. is ????B. are? ????C. has? ????D. have
[答案]A
[解析]本题考查主谓一致的用法。the number of 后接复数名词,作主语时,其谓语动词用单数形式。故应选A。
17.Not only I but also Jane and Mary________ tired of having one examination after another.
A.is??? ????B.are? ????C.am??? ???D.be
[答案]B
[解析]“不仅是我而且简和玛莉都已厌烦了一个接着一个的考试。”not only…需用到就近原则,but also之后又是两个人,是复数。故选B。
18.A library with five thousand books ____to the nation as a gift.???????
A.is offered??? ??B.has offered? ??C.are offered??? ??D.have offered
[答案]A
[解析] “一座藏书量是5000册的图书馆作为礼物送给了那个国家。”要找出这句话的主说是a library还是books,根据主谓一致原则with后面的短语是修饰、补充主语的情况的,故主语应是a library,又因为此题是被动语态,因此选择A。
19.When and where to build the new factory _________yet.???????
A.is not decided ??B.are not decided ??C.has not decided ??D.have not decided
[答案]A
[解析] “还未决定何时何地建设新工厂。”“两个并列连词+主语+谓语”作主语看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数,根据题意又应用被动语态,故选A。21·世纪*教育网
20.The number of people invited __fifty, but a number of them ____absent for different reasons.
A.were,was??? ??B.was, was? ???C.was,were??? ??D.were.were
[答案]C
[解析] “邀请人的数目是50人,但是许多人由于各种原因都缺席了。”“the number of+复数名词”意为“……的数量”,作主语,谓语动词用单数;“a number of+复数名词”意为“许多”,作主语,谓语动词用复数。21cnjy.com
21.Between the two buildings __________a monument.
A.is standing? ??B.standing??? ??C.stands??? ???D.stand
[答案]C
[解析] “一座纪念碑耸立在两楼之间。”倒装句的谓语动词要与后面的主语保持一致。
22.Many a student ___that mistake before.
A.had made??? ??B.has been made? ??C.have made??? ??D. has made
[答案]D
[解析] “许多学生以前就犯过这种错误。”“many a”虽然表达复数概念,意为“许多”,但当它作主语时,谓语动词用单数。【版权所有:21教育】
23.None of the money ____his.
A.is??? ????B.are??? ???C.belongs??? ???D.were
[答案]A
[解析] “钱都不属于他。”none作主语,谓语动词单复数都可,但这里的money为不可数名词,因此用单数形式为好,而belong to才是“属于”的意思,所以选A。
24.About three—fifths of the work ________done yesterday.
A.had??? ???B.was?? ???C.were??? ???D.have
[答案]B
[解析] “昨天做了大约3/5的工作。”主语含有分数,百分比等等,谓语动词要根据其后面的名词而定,是不可数名词和单数可数名词,谓语动词用单数,是复数名词,谓语动词用复数。
25. Neither your sister nor mine _______the good news.Let's tell them.?????
A.know??? ???B knows??? ???C.knew
[答案]B
[解析]句中的主语是your sister和mine,由并列连词neither…nor连在一起,所以谓语动词要与后一个主语mine相一致,这里mine指my sister。【来源:21cnj*y.co*m】
26.Not only Jim but also his sister ______a few cities in the south since they came to China.[临沂市]
A.will visit??? ??B. has visited? ???C.have visited ???D .visited
[答案]B
[解析]本题既考查时态,又考查并列连词not only...but also的用法。由时间状语since they came to China,可判断用现在完成时,排除A、D两项;not only...but also连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词要用“就近原则。
27.Neither Jim nor his cousins _______to America, but _____of them know the country very well. [2017年潍坊市]
A.have been;a11??? ?B. have been; both? ??C has been; all?? ??D.has been; both
[答案]B
[解析]考查neither...nor的用法,以及both与all的区别。neither…nor连接两个主语时,谓语用“就近原则”,cousins是复数,谓语用have been,排除C和D项;指两者用both。
【2018赢在中考】英语二轮专题解读与强化训练
专题十六 主谓一致 原卷
根据对主谓一致部分全国各地试题的分析可知,今后该部分将是重点考查点之一。其考查重点为:主谓一致的语法一致原则、主谓一致的整体一致原则、主谓一致的就近一致原则、主谓一致的意义一致原则和主谓一致的附加原则。考试题型常出现在选择题中。所以在进行专项或知识点复习时,务必把主谓一致作为复习的重点,不但要把常见的基本概念搞清楚,而且有必要做大量的相应练习。这样才能在实际应用中少出错或不出错。www-2-1-cnjy-com
主谓一致的三原则:
1. 语法一致的原则 2. 意义一致的原则 3. 邻近一致的原则
谓语受主语支配,须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则和就近一致原则。在英语中,谓语动词必须和主语在人称和数上同主语保持一致,叫做主谓一致。通常采用下列三个原则来处理,即:语法形式一致的原则、逻辑意义一致的原则、就近(或毗邻)一致的原则。21教育名师原创作品
一、语法形式一致的原则,即在语法形式上取得一致。如:主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数;主语为复数形式,谓语动词也采用复数形式。但须注意下列几种情况:
1.以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 例如:
What you need most is to have a good sleep.你所需要的就是好好睡一觉。
How you can get there is a problem. 你怎么到那儿去还是个问题。
[注意:]由what引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式。但若表语是“复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构”时,主句的谓语动词用复数 。例如:
What I bought were three English books.我买的是三本英语书。
What I say and do is (are) helpful for you.我所说的和做的对你是有帮助的。
2、由and 或both...and来连接并列主语时,谓语用复数。例如:
Swimming and walking are good exercises.游泳和散步都是好运动。
He and I were classmates when we were at college.他和我在上大学时是同学。
[注意]
1)但是,并列主语如果表示同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数形式(这时and后的名词前没有冠词)。例如:
The manager and secretary was absent at the meeting.经理兼书记没有出席会议。
2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别被no, each, every或many a ,more than one修饰时,其谓语动词用单数形式。 例如:
Each man and each woman is asked to help. 每个男士和妇女都被请来帮忙。
Many a student is having practice in that factory. 许多学生正在那家工厂实习。
[注意] 在“more than one+单数名词”作主语时,若在There be句型中,亦可用复数。 如:
There is/are more than one man here.? 这儿不止一个人。
3、如果主语是单数,尽管后面跟有(together) with, as well as, like, but, except, besides,including, no less than, rather than ,as much as,more than,along with? in addition to等介词短语,其谓语动词仍用单数形式;若主语为复数,则谓语动词也用复数。例如:
An English teacher together with some students has climbed to the top of the mountain.一位英语老师和几个学生已经爬到了山顶。
Mary as well as her friends likes this painting.玛丽和她的朋友都喜欢这幅画。
No one except my close friends knows anything about this matter.除了我的亲密朋友谁也不知道这件事。
4、不定代词each, either, neither 和由 some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。?? 例如:
Each (of us) takes a cup of coffee.(我们)每人喝一杯咖啡。
Everyone knows smoking cigarettes is bad for health.大家都知道吸烟不利于身体健康。
Nothing is to be done 没有什么要干的事。
若后面的名词是不可数名词,它的谓语动词就要用单数;若它后面的名词是复数,它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。例如None of the sugar was left.没有剩下什么糖了21世纪教育网版权所有
None of us has (have) been to America.我们中没有人去过美国。
5.不定代词none 以及由"none/either/neither+of+复数合词(或代词)"构成的短语作主语时,谓语用单复数均可,这取决于说话人的意思。当说话人着眼于“每一个都不.......”或“两个中的任何一个都不.......”时,谓语动词用单数;当说话者着眼于“所有的都不.......”或“两个中的全部都不.......”时,谓语动词用复数。例如:?www.21-cn-jy.com
None know when that was. (强调所有的人)? 没人知道这是什么时候的事。
None is so good as he.(强调每一个人)? 没有人像他那么好。
在定语从句中,关系代词that,who,which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数,应与句中先行词的数一致。例如:
The horse which is tied to the tree belongs to John.拴在树上的那匹马是约翰的。
Those who want to go on a journey please sign your name here.要去旅游的请把名字签在这儿。
[注意]在以“one of the+复数名词”为先行词的定语从句中,关系代词作主语时,谓语动词用复数;但如果“one of the+复数名词”这个结构前有the only之类的修饰语时,其从句的谓语动词用单数.例如:
Bob is one of my friends who are helping me with English.鲍勃是帮助我英语的朋友之一。
6、“a lot of (lots of, plenty of, a head of, heaps of, the rest(majority) of ,some
(many,anymore,most, all等)of++名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词的数要与of后面的名词(短语)保持一致。例如:
Some of us do not know much about the theatre.我们中有一些人还不太懂得戏剧。
Some (of the sugar) is wet.????? 有些(糖)是湿的。
注意:
1)all单独作主语表示“人”时,谓语用复数;表示“整个事件或事情”时,谓语用单数。 如:
All are present.?? 所有的人都出席了。(表人) All is well.? 一切都好。 (表示整个事情或情况)
2)“a number of+复数名词 ”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;“The number of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:21·cn·jy·com
A large number of buildings were burnt down.许多楼房被毁了。2-1-c-n-j-y
A number of students in our class are out by the lake.我们班有些学生到湖边去了。
The number of students in our school is 2500.我们学校的学生人数是2500名。
7、由“分数或百分数+of +名词(或代词)”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词的数要与of后面的名词(短语)保持一致。例如:【版权所有:21教育】
Two thirds of the country is dry or desert.这个国家的三分之二的地方气候干燥或者是沙漠地区。
Two thirds of the people present are against the plan.在场的三分之二的人反对这个计划。
8、 如果主语是由“a kind of, 或this/that? kind of, a series ( a species) of ,a pair of等 + 名词”构成谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如:21*cnjy*com
This kind of men is dangerous.这种人是危险的。
There is a kind of rose in his garden.他的花园里有玫瑰花。
[注意]但"there/those kinds of+复数名词"作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。如:
There kinds of tests are good .? 这种测试很好。
There are many kinds of pears.有很多种梨子。
二、逻辑意义一致原则,即谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的内在涵义。常见的有以下几种情况:
1、表示总称意义形单意复的名词,如people, police, cattle 等作主语时,只当作复数看待,谓语在任何情况下都用复数。如:21·世纪*教育网
Cattle are one cause of the problem.造成戈壁滩的原因之一是牲畜问题。
The police are searching for a murderer in that mountain.警察正在山中搜寻一名杀人犯。
2、以集体名词army, class, enemy, family, government, group, team,crew,crowd,public等集体名词作主语时,谓语应视其情况而用不同形式:当作主语被看作一个整体时,谓语用单数,如果被看成是其中的个体成员时,谓语就用复数。如:
Our class are playing a basketball match tomorrow.?? 我们班同学明天要举行一场篮球赛。
Our family is not poor any more.? 我们家已经不再贫困了。
My family all speak the Intuit language.我一家人都讲因努伊特语。
[注意]population 单独使用作主语时,谓语动词用单数;而前面有some, most 或与分数、百分数连用作主语时,则谓语动词用复数形式。例如:
Most of the population of the city are workers.这个城市人口的大多数是工人。
One third of the population now smoke.三分之一的人口在吸烟。
3、当一些有两部分构成的表示衣物或工具的名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式,如glasses, trousers(裤子), shoes ,chopsticks(筷子),goods(货物),scissors(剪刀),socks, compasses(圆规) ,但如果这些名词前有a pair of,等量词修饰时,(clothes被修饰a suit of),谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如:
Your trousers need washing.? 你的裤子该洗了。
My glasses are new.?我的眼镜是新的。
4、由“pair, piece of +名词 / 代词”作主语时,谓语动词与pair, piece等词保持一致与后的代词、名词无关。例如:There is a pair of shoes left.只剩下一双鞋。【来源:21cnj*y.co*m】
5、当表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、长度、价值等数词短语作主语,根据意义一致原则,通常被看作一个整体,其谓语用单数。如:
Twenty years is a long time to us. 对于我们来说,20年是一段很长的时间。
6.某些形复意单的名词(如表示人名、地名、国名及组织、书籍、报刊等名称的专有名词和学科名词等)作主语,谓语用单数。 如:2·1·c·n·j·y
Physics is a difficult subject to learn, I think. 我想,物理是一门难学的目。
The United States is in North America.? 美国在北美洲。
7、如果主语由“the+形容词(分词)”担任时,往往根据意义一致原则,来决定谓语动词的单、复数形式。如果表示一类人时,谓语动用复数形式;如果指个人或抽象概念时,则谓语动词用单数形式。例如:The old is taken good care of in our country. 在我们国家老人受到很好的照顾。
8、名词所有格之后的名词被省略的情况,一般只指商店、公共建筑物、住宅等,作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数。例如:The baker's is on the side of the street.理发馆在街道的另一边。
9、数词作主语时,谓语用单数,但有四则运算中,谓语单、复数均可。如:
Ten is a round number.????????? 十是个整数。
10.疑问代词who, what, which作主语时,谓语动词的形式取决于它产本身的含义。如:??
Who teaches you English??? 谁教你们英语????
11、表示数量的短语“one and a half+名词复数”及“a+单数名词+and+a half”作主语时,谓语用单数。如:
One and a half oranges has been left on the table. 桌子上只剩下一个半桔了。
12.某些单数同形的名词作主语时,依照意义一致的原则,表示单数意义时,谓语动词用单数;反之谓语动词则用复数形式。这类名词有:sheep,deer, fish,means(方法、手段)species (种类) -ance及以-ese/-ss结尾的表示民族的名词等)。例如:
One day this white sheep was lost.??? 有一天,这只白色的绵羊丢了。
There are many fish in the Jia Ling River.?? 嘉陵江时有很多鱼。
三、就近一致原则,即谓语动词的数随最近的主语而定,又称为毗邻一致原则。例如:
1、当or,either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also...,not...but....,whether...or...等连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词单复数取决于最靠近于它的名词或代词。例如:
Not only the mother but also the children were there.不但母亲在那里,而且孩子们也在那里。
2、在倒装句中如一个句子由there 或here引起,而主语又不止一个,谓语动词往往与最邻近的一个主语保持一致。例如:21*cnjy*com
Where is your mother and younger sisters? 你的母亲和妹妹们在哪儿?
1. (2016·上海)The twins fond of the new idea in the magazine article.
A. be B. am C. is D. are
2. (2016·湖北荆州)The number of the volunteer in our city 2,000. And sixty percent of them teachers and students.
A. is;is B. is;are C. are;is D. are;are
3. (2016·湖北孝感) Both Kate and I ready for the new high school life.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
4. (2016·甘肃兰州)My sister with my parents dumplings when I got home yesterday evening.
A. are making B. is making C. was making D. were making
5. (2016·江苏淮安)Andy,with his parents, to Hong Kong,and they will stay there for a week.
A. have gone B. has gone C. have been D. has been
6. (2016·新疆阜康米泉)—Jack, of the oranges gone bad.
—We’d better eat up the rest as soon as possible.
A. one fifth;have B. one fifth;has C. one fifths;have D. first five;has
7. (2016·黑龙江龙东)We each WeChat nowadays,even the old people.
A. play B. plays C. playing
8. (2016·湖南永州)Neither Li Hua nor I good at writing.
A. am B. is C. are
9. (2016·湖南郴州)—Look! A woman with three children crossing the street.
—Let’s help them.
A. is B. are C. was
10. (2016·黑龙江齐齐哈尔)There some good advice about how to reduce air pollution on the Internet. 21cnjy.com
A. are B. is C. have
11.How time flies! Ten years ________ passed.??
A. have? ????B. has? ????C. is? ????D. are
12.Not only his parents but also his brother ____ to the Summer Palace. They haven’t been back.?
A. have been? ???B. have gone? ???C. has been? ???D. has gone
13.Neither my father ________ going to see the patient.?
A. nor I am??? B. nor I are???C. or me are??? D. or me is
14.Look! There _______ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square. (2004包头)
A. are a number of deer?B. are a number of deers?C. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers
15.The number of ________ in our class ________ fifty.??【出处:21教育名师】
A. student, is ??B. the students, are??C. the students, is D. students, are
16.The number of the students in our class _____ 54.??【来源:21·世纪·教育·网】
A. is ????B. are? ????C. has? ????D. have
17.Not only I but also Jane and Mary________ tired of having one examination after another.
A.is??? ????B.are? ????C.am??? ???D.be
18.A library with five thousand books ____to the nation as a gift.???????
A.is offered??? ??B.has offered? ??C.are offered??? ??D.have offered
19.When and where to build the new factory _________yet.???????
A.is not decided ??B.are not decided ??C.has not decided ??D.have not decided
20.The number of people invited __fifty, but a number of them ____absent for different reasons.
A.were,was??? ??B.was, was? ???C.was,were??? ??D.were.were
21.Between the two buildings __________a monument.
A.is standing? ??B.standing??? ??C.stands??? ???D.stand
22.Many a student ___that mistake before.
A.had made??? ??B.has been made? ??C.have made??? ??D. has made
23.None of the money ____his.
A.is??? ????B.are??? ???C.belongs??? ???D.were
24.About three—fifths of the work ________done yesterday.21教育网
A.had??? ???B.was?? ???C.were??? ???D.have
25. Neither your sister nor mine _______the good news.Let's tell them.?????
A.know??? ???B knows??? ???C.knew
26.Not only Jim but also his sister ______a few cities in the south since they came to China.[临沂市]
A.will visit??? ??B. has visited? ???C.have visited ???D .visited
27.Neither Jim nor his cousins _______to America, but _____of them know the country very well. [2017年潍坊市]
A.have been;a11??? ?B. have been; both? ??C has been; all?? ??D.has been; both