专题二 完形填空题解题技巧
“完形填空”是中考英语试题中固定而重要的题型。它是一种障碍性的测试题。在一定程度上考查考生的阅读能力、逻辑推理及分析归纳、综合判断能力。这种题型归纳起来有如下特点:
1.在整份试卷中所占的分值较重,占10—15%,长度一般在130—200个单词左右。
2.降低了对单词本身的考查要求,重点考查考生对短文的整体理解,上下文的段落衔接,情理分析及推理判断能力。 21教育网
3.针对初中学生的实际水平,一般采用故事体。近年来出现了以意义选择为主、语法选择逐渐减少的趋势。
一、完形填空的命题形式
“完形填空”有多种形式,但它在基本设计原则上都是一致的。形式都是从短文中抽去若干词,让考生根据上下文填入适当的词,为了有助于考生填入适当的词,可以提供四个答案(其中包括一个正确答案),让考生选出正确的答案;也可以给出单词首字母完形填空,或者给出字母及单词长度(由几个字母组成);也可以不给考生提供任何线索,完全凭借考生对文章的理解和现有的语言能力完成。最常见的还是选择型的“完形填空”。 “抽词法”可以是有针对性地抽,也可以是随机地抽。但目前比较流行的是对文章理解能力的考查,而不是单纯对语法结构的考查。“完形填空”要求考生不仅要会运用自己学过的词汇和语法知识妥善地处理好每个单句,理解语义,还要处理好单句之间以及单句与全文之间的内在关系,选出适当的词填上,使文章完整与通顺。 完形填空题要求填入的词主要有:构成各种时态和用法区别的动词及短语动词;名词和介词;根据上下文意思及结构必须填入的形容词、副词、代词和连词;同义词、近义词等易混词。考查以实词为主,兼顾虚词和语法结构。难点主要集中在根据上下文作正确判断的词的用法上。
二、完形填空的测试目标
完形填空主要测试学生在具体语言环境中对文章的篇章结构、中心思想、推理判断、词语辨析、习惯用法、固定搭配等方面的能力要求,及对所学英语的综合运用能力、快速阅读理解能力及逻辑推理判断能力等。“完形填空”旨在测试考生的综合应用语言能力。因此,要做好“完形填空”,不仅要具备一定的词法、句法和惯用法等语法知识,而且还要具备阅读理解能力、综合分析能力和运用语言知识的实践能力。常考的完形填空通常是将一篇逻辑性较强的短文,留出若干个空,然后采用"四选一"的方法,将短文补充完整。它属于客观题型。分析近五年中考试题的完形填空题除保留传统题型的优点外,还采用了选词填空(有多余选项)或根据上下文补全对话(或短文)等主观题型。但事实证明,完形填空通常是同学们较难把握的题型之一,且失分率较高。限于篇幅,本文着重谈谈客观题型的解法。21·cn·jy·com
一、完形填空解题步骤:
1、 快速诵读全文,领会大意
完形填空题所给的是一篇意思完整的短文,所选的答 案处在整段或整篇文章之中。所以在做题前,必须先浏览全文,了解短文的大意,这是绝不可省的一步。每篇短文总有一定的主题思想,段落之间必然承上启下,前呼后应,句与句之间 也一定紧密相连,形成一个整体。因此通读全文是要一气呵成,不要中断思路,只要能了解短文的大意就可。某些细节不理解可以跳过。如果不影响答题,可以置之不理。如果与答题有关,可到第二步填空时再琢磨解决。另外,在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头和结尾,因为它们能提供主要的信息,帮助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心议题。www.21-cn-jy.com
2、抓住结构、语意及逻辑三条线索,分析对比备选答案
在通读全文的基础上,根据句子结构是否正确、语意是否通顺、逻辑是否合理对各备选答案应进行对比分析。分析时具体应注意以下几点:【来源:21·世纪·教育·网】
(1) 当遇到一个需要填的词时,首先要考虑这个词在句子中的成分是什么?词性是什么?
(2) 如果需要填的是名词,就要考虑名词的单复数和所有格形式。
(3) 如果需要填的是形容词或副词,就应考虑是用原级或是比较级,还是最高级。
(4) 如果需要填的是动词,则要考虑动词的时态,语态,人称变化,语气以及非谓语动词(不定式和动词-ing形式)的一般式,被动式和完成式等。www-2-1-cnjy-com
(5) 如果需要填空的是介词,则要注意固定搭配的用法。
(6) 如果需要填的是冠词,则要注意是用不定冠词还是用定冠词。
(7) 另外要注意一些固定句型的完整。
(8) 所选答案应该和上下文和结构上 都吻合
(9) 局部服从整体,应 从短文的整体内容出发,
3、复查核对,决定取舍
通读全文,检查还原了的原文是否完整、合理。其方法是:把短文连同所选答案细读一遍,凡读起来别扭或答案无确切把握的地方分别记下来,然后将每个空 白处与其相对应的四个答案逐一对照,务求一一过关,避免遗漏。若发现原所选答案与复查时所选答案不同,不要急于涂改,待认真斟酌核实后,再决定取舍。 另外,在平时的练习中,对每一篇完形填空均可重复作上几遍,通过反复的练习,不但可以牢固地掌握所学基础知识,而且能够提高完形填空的应试能力。21·世纪*教育网
二、完形填空主要解题方法:
方法一:主谓一致判断法
在英语句子里,谓语受主语支配,启动此必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就叫主谓一致。我们在做完形填空题时,会经常遇到要靠主谓一致判断法来确定选项的情况。寻找其规律,大致可分为三个原则:即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近原则。2-1-c-n-j-y
【例题展示】
A short time ago , a test___given in the United States. ……The results showed that if a person___a right breakfast, he or she will work better than he or she who has no breakfast ……21*cnjy*com
1. A.is B.are C.was D.were
2. A.eat B.eats C.eating D.ate
方法二:固定句式判断法
固定句式,就是英语中一些常见的固定句型,像:there be举行;not……until句型;It takes/took sb. +金钱/时间+to do sth.句型;It’s +形容词+(for sb.)to do sth,句型;too……to句型等。记住并灵活运用这些固定句式,在做完型填空时是很有用的,可以轻松快速帮助我们排除一些干扰因素,更快、更准的选择答案。【出处:21教育名师】
【例题展示】
Everyone needs friends.We all like to feel closer to someone. ___is nice to have a friend to talk,laugh and do things with……【版权所有:21教育】
1.A.It B.He C.There D.Someone
方法三:上下文暗示法
上下文暗示法分为上文语境暗示法和下文语境暗示两种。在做完型填空是,我们会经常遇到此类题目,若无上下文的提示,我们根本无法做出正确的选择;但是我们可以根据上下文的一些提示性的引导词判断上下文和空格部分的关系,从而做出正确的选择。
【例题展示】
Mark Twain,a famous American writer,was onec traveling in France.He went by train to Dijon. He was very tired and wanted to___.He asked the conductor to wake him up when the train got to Dijon.But first he said he was a heavy sleeper……
1.A.read B.write C.drink D.sleep
方法四:逻辑推理法
逻辑推理法也叫语境推测法,是我们在做完形填空题时使用的十分重要的方法之一。完型填空是一篇有完整内容的文章,各行各段之间有着逻辑上的必然联系。在所提供的选项中,有的从语法角度是正确的,从语义上考虑就会自相矛盾,出现不合逻辑的现象。这时应从文章和句子入手,对语法无误的几个选项通过分析对比,选出最符合上下文内在联系的答案。21世纪教育网版权所有
【例题展示】
When you wave a friend you are using sign(手势)languages.When you smile at someone,you mean to be___.When you put one finger in front of your___,you mean”Be quiet.”21教育名师原创作品
Yet,people in different countries may use different sign languages.Once an English-man was Italy.He could speak a little Italian. One day while he was walking in the street,he felt___and went into a restaurant……
1.A.well B.friendly C.fine D.careful
2.A.eyes B.legs C.mouth D.head
3.A.hungry B.tired C.cold D.ill
方法五:词义辨析法
词义辨析法考查的面广,该内容也是英语学习中的一个难点;在完型填空中出现这一类题目,如果要求做到准确选择,必须在一定的语境或句子中理解,这种考查方式和辨析也是目前完形填空题在中考中考查的一个重点和趋势,所以这一方法是我们必须要掌握的。词义辨析法包括各种词性的考查,如名词、介词、代词、动词、形容词等。
【例题展示】
In England,people don’t like___very much.You can go on a bus, ___on a train,and people just sit looking___the windows.Often they read.They read books and newspapers.But they don’t talk……
1.A.laughing B.going out C.talking D.playing2·1·c·n·j·y
2.A.or B.and C.either D.but
3.A.from B.through C.at D.out of
方法六:固定搭配法
固定句型和短语搭配不仅是学习的难点,也是完型填空测试的重点。固定搭配形式较多,有名词短语搭配、动词短语搭配、介词短语搭配等,这些固定搭配都是语言在长期的发展和演变过程中形成的,是语言的精华,我们只有在平时学习中认真积累,做题时才能得心应手。做这类题时,不需要特别的分析,就能锁定正确的答案。
【例题展示】
From Monday to Friday most people are busy working or studying,but in the evening and weekends they are free and ___themselves.Some watch TV or go to the movies;others take part ___sports.This is decided by their own interests ……21cnjy.com
1.A.love B.work C.enjoy D.play
2.A.at B.with C.on D.in
五、学以致用
(1)
请根据下面短文内容,在短文后面的四个选项中选择一个能填入空白处的最佳答案。
Every year students in many countries learn English. Some of these students are children, __1__ students are young people. Why do all these people want to learn__2__? It is not__3__to answer this question. Many boys and girls learn English at school. It is one of their __4__. Many people learn English because it is__5__in their work. Some young people learn English__6__their higher studies because some of their books are__7__English. Other people learn English because they want to __8__newspapers in English. Some people learn English because they want to __9__ in the USA, England or Australia. English is very__10__in our life (生活).
1. A. all B. the other C. both D. other
2. A. English B. Chinese C. maths D. Japanese
3. A. hard B. easy C. good D. nice
4. A. books B. classes C. schools D. subjects (科目)【来源:21cnj*y.co*m】
5. A. good B. useful (有用的) C. fine D. pleased
6. A. for B. of C. to D. from
7. A. in B. with C. at D. of
8. A. look B. see C. look at D. read
9. A. go B. work C. like D. come
10. A. help B. helping C. helps D. helpful
(2)
Most English people have three names: a first name, a middle name and the family name. Their family name comes? 1? . For example, my? 2 name is Jim Allan White. White is my? 3 name. My? 4 gave me both of my other names. People don't use their? 5? names very often. So "John Henry Brown" is usually?? 6? "John Brown". People never use Mr, Mrs or Miss before their 7 names. So you can say John Brown, or Mr Brown,? 8? you should never say Mr John. They use Mr、Mrs or Miss? 9? the family name. This is? 10?? from Chinese names. The first name is the family name, and the last name is the given name.
(????? )1. A. last???? B. third????? C. second????? D. first
(????? )2. A. first??? B. middle???? C. last??????? D. full
(????? )3. A. given??? B. first????? C. family????? D. middle
(????? )4. A. uncles?? B. parents??? C. brothers??? D. teachers
(????? )5. A. /??????? B. own??????? C. first?????? D. middle
(????? )6. A. call???? B. called???? C. calling???? D. calls
(????? )7. A. first??? B. giving???? C. last??????? D. parents'
(????? )8. A. and????? B. for??????? C. but???????? D. so
(????? )9. A. of?????? B. by???????? C. given?????? D. with
(????? )10. A. same??? B. Different? C. strange???? D. not
(3) In some parts of the world there are large deserts. There are no trees and (1)____ water there. Travelers must take food and (2)____ with them.The (3)____ animal that can walk through the desert is the camel. (4)___ can go without food and water for a long time. And besides he can carry heavy loads. People call the (5)____ “the ship of the desert”.The camel is very big. He has one or two humps(驼峰) on his back, short ears and a long (6)_____. The camel‘s humps hold fat, and his stomach holds water in twelve deep pockets. (7)_____ pocket has a mouth which closes, and the food does not mix the water. When the camel (8)_____ some water, he can get it out of the (9)_____. The camel‘s food is (10)_____ and leaves of trees.( )1. A. no B. any C. not D. /( )2. A. milk B. water C. meat D. grass( )3. A. just B. other C. only D. another( )4. A. He B. They C. She D. It( )5. A. camel B. elephant C. cow D. horse( )6. A. mouth B. neck C. leg D. nose( )7. A. Either B. Each C. All D. Both( )8. A. was wanting B. wants C. is wanting D. wanted( )9. A. nose B. pockets C. mouth D. bags( )10. A. grass B. meat C. bread D. cake
(4)
Someone says, “Time is money.” But I think time is __1__ important than money. Why? Because when money is spent, we can get it back. However, when time is 2 it’ll never 3 . That’s 4 we mustn’t waste time. It goes without saying that the 5 is usually limited. Even a second is very important. We should make full use of our time to do 6__ useful. But it is a pity that there are a lot of people who do not know the importance of time. They spent their limited time smoking, drinking and __7 . They do not know that wasting time means wasting part of their own __8 . In a word, we should save time. We shouldn’t 9 today’s work for tomorrow. Remember we have no time to 10 .
A. much B. less C. much less D. even more
A. cost B. bought C. gone D. finished
A. return B. carry C. take D. bring
A. what B. that C. because D. why
A. money B. time C. day D. food
A. nothing B. something C. anything D. everything 21*cnjy*com
A. reading B. writing C. playing D. working
A. time B. food C. money D. life
A. stop B. leave C. let D. give
A. lose B. save C. spend D. take
(5)
Most parents, I suppose, have had the experience of reading a bedtime story __1__ their children. And they must have realized how difficult it is to write a __2__ children’s book. Either the author has aimed (定目标) too __3__, so that children can’t follow what is in his ( or more often, her ) story, __4__ the story seems to be talking to the readers. The best children’s books are __5__ very difficult nor very simple, and satisfy(令人满意的) the __6__ who hears the story and the adult(成年人) who __7__ it. Unfortunately(不幸的是), there are in fact few books like this, __8__ the problem of finding the right bedtime story is not __9__ to solve. This may be why many of the books regarded as __10__ of children’s literature(文学) were in fact written for __11__ “Alice in Wonderland” is perhaps the most obvious(明显)of this. Children, left for themselves, often __12__ the worst possible interest in literature. Just leave a child in a bookshop or a __13__ and he will more willingly choose the books written in an unimaginative (并非想象的 ) way, or have a look at the most children’s comics(连环图书), full of the stories and jokes which are the rejections of teachers and righting-thinking parents. Perhaps we parents should stop __14__ to brainwash(洗脑)children into accepting(接受)our taste in literature. After all, children and adults are so __15__ that we parents should not expect that they will enjoy the same books. So I suppose we’ll just have to compromise(妥协)over the bedtime story.
A. to B. in C. with D. around
A. short B. long C. bad D. good
A. easy B. short C. high D. difficult
4、A. and B. but C. or D. so
5、A. both B. neither C. either D. very
6、A. child B. father C. mother D. teacher
7、A. hears B. buys C. understands D. reads
8、A. but B. however C. so D. because
9、A. hard B. easy C. enough D. fast
10、A. articles B. work C. arts D. works
11、A. grown-ups B. girls C. boys D. children
12、A. are B. show C. find D. add
13、A. school B. home C. office D. library
14、A. going B. liking C. trying D. preferring
15、A. same B. friendly C. different D. common
六、完形填空的做题误区
很多学生说,他们做完形填空时,往往采用“翻译法和代入法”,即做题时翻译文章内容,感觉哪个合适选哪个,看看划横线处有没有一些固定搭配,然后作选择或者填空。其实这样做是很危险的:① 在实际考试中,翻译很容易受母语影响,进行错误选择;② 并不是所谓固定搭配一定是正确选项,完形填空是考查单词在语境中的运用。如果这个搭配或短语是不符合语篇、段落逻辑的,即便是固定说法,也是不合适的,在阅卷的时候这样的答案一定是错误的。纵观这几年中考真题、一模、二模试卷,以及一些学校的月考、期中、期末试卷发现,完形填空重点考查单词,短语在句子、段落、篇章中的含义,而并非单词本身的“认知”含义。这就为什么一些同学其实单词量并不缺乏,但完形却得分率不高的原因。
专题二 完形填空题解题技巧
“完形填空”是中考英语试题中固定而重要的题型。它是一种障碍性的测试题。在一定程度上考查考生的阅读能力、逻辑推理及分析归纳、综合判断能力。这种题型归纳起来有如下特点:
1.在整份试卷中所占的分值较重,占10—15%,长度一般在130—200个单词左右。
2.降低了对单词本身的考查要求,重点考查考生对短文的整体理解,上下文的段落衔接,情理分析及推理判断能力。 2·1·c·n·j·y
3.针对初中学生的实际水平,一般采用故事体。近年来出现了以意义选择为主、语法选择逐渐减少的趋势。
一、完形填空的命题形式
“完形填空”有多种形式,但它在基本设计原则上都是一致的。形式都是从短文中抽去若干词,让考生根据上下文填入适当的词,为了有助于考生填入适当的词,可以提供四个答案(其中包括一个正确答案),让考生选出正确的答案;也可以给出单词首字母完形填空,或者给出字母及单词长度(由几个字母组成);也可以不给考生提供任何线索,完全凭借考生对文章的理解和现有的语言能力完成。最常见的还是选择型的“完形填空”。 “抽词法”可以是有针对性地抽,也可以是随机地抽。但目前比较流行的是对文章理解能力的考查,而不是单纯对语法结构的考查。“完形填空”要求考生不仅要会运用自己学过的词汇和语法知识妥善地处理好每个单句,理解语义,还要处理好单句之间以及单句与全文之间的内在关系,选出适当的词填上,使文章完整与通顺。 完形填空题要求填入的词主要有:构成各种时态和用法区别的动词及短语动词;名词和介词;根据上下文意思及结构必须填入的形容词、副词、代词和连词;同义词、近义词等易混词。考查以实词为主,兼顾虚词和语法结构。难点主要集中在根据上下文作正确判断的词的用法上。
二、完形填空的测试目标
完形填空主要测试学生在具体语言环境中对文章的篇章结构、中心思想、推理判断、词语辨析、习惯用法、固定搭配等方面的能力要求,及对所学英语的综合运用能力、快速阅读理解能力及逻辑推理判断能力等。“完形填空”旨在测试考生的综合应用语言能力。因此,要做好“完形填空”,不仅要具备一定的词法、句法和惯用法等语法知识,而且还要具备阅读理解能力、综合分析能力和运用语言知识的实践能力。常考的完形填空通常是将一篇逻辑性较强的短文,留出若干个空,然后采用"四选一"的方法,将短文补充完整。它属于客观题型。分析近五年中考试题的完形填空题除保留传统题型的优点外,还采用了选词填空(有多余选项)或根据上下文补全对话(或短文)等主观题型。但事实证明,完形填空通常是同学们较难把握的题型之一,且失分率较高。限于篇幅,本文着重谈谈客观题型的解法。www-2-1-cnjy-com
一、完形填空解题步骤:
1、 快速诵读全文,领会大意
完形填空题所给的是一篇意思完整的短文,所选的答 案处在整段或整篇文章之中。所以在做题前,必须先浏览全文,了解短文的大意,这是绝不可省的一步。每篇短文总有一定的主题思想,段落之间必然承上启下,前呼后应,句与句之间 也一定紧密相连,形成一个整体。因此通读全文是要一气呵成,不要中断思路,只要能了解短文的大意就可。某些细节不理解可以跳过。如果不影响答题,可以置之不理。如果与答题有关,可到第二步填空时再琢磨解决。另外,在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头和结尾,因为它们能提供主要的信息,帮助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心议题。
2、抓住结构、语意及逻辑三条线索,分析对比备选答案
在通读全文的基础上,根据句子结构是否正确、语意是否通顺、逻辑是否合理对各备选答案应进行对比分析。分析时具体应注意以下几点:
(1) 当遇到一个需要填的词时,首先要考虑这个词在句子中的成分是什么?词性是什么?
(2) 如果需要填的是名词,就要考虑名词的单复数和所有格形式。
(3) 如果需要填的是形容词或副词,就应考虑是用原级或是比较级,还是最高级。
(4) 如果需要填的是动词,则要考虑动词的时态,语态,人称变化,语气以及非谓语动词(不定式和动词-ing形式)的一般式,被动式和完成式等。
(5) 如果需要填空的是介词,则要注意固定搭配的用法。
(6) 如果需要填的是冠词,则要注意是用不定冠词还是用定冠词。
(7) 另外要注意一些固定句型的完整。
(8) 所选答案应该和上下文和结构上 都吻合
(9) 局部服从整体,应 从短文的整体内容出发,
3、复查核对,决定取舍
通读全文,检查还原了的原文是否完整、合理。其方法是:把短文连同所选答案细读一遍,凡读起来别扭或答案无确切把握的地方分别记下来,然后将每个空 白处与其相对应的四个答案逐一对照,务求一一过关,避免遗漏。若发现原所选答案与复查时所选答案不同,不要急于涂改,待认真斟酌核实后,再决定取舍。 另外,在平时的练习中,对每一篇完形填空均可重复作上几遍,通过反复的练习,不但可以牢固地掌握所学基础知识,而且能够提高完形填空的应试能力。
二、完形填空主要解题方法:
方法一:主谓一致判断法
在英语句子里,谓语受主语支配,启动此必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就叫主谓一致。我们在做完形填空题时,会经常遇到要靠主谓一致判断法来确定选项的情况。寻找其规律,大致可分为三个原则:即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近原则。
【例题展示】
A short time ago , a test___given in the United States. ……The results showed that if a person___a right breakfast, he or she will work better than he or she who has no breakfast ……
1. A.is B.are C.was D.were
2. A.eat B.eats C.eating D.ate
方法二:固定句式判断法
固定句式,就是英语中一些常见的固定句型,像:there be举行;not……until句型;It takes/took sb. +金钱/时间+to do sth.句型;It’s +形容词+(for sb.)to do sth,句型;too……to句型等。记住并灵活运用这些固定句式,在做完型填空时是很有用的,可以轻松快速帮助我们排除一些干扰因素,更快、更准的选择答案。
【例题展示】
Everyone needs friends.We all like to feel closer to someone. ___is nice to have a friend to talk,laugh and do things with……2-1-c-n-j-y
1.A.It B.He C.There D.Someone
方法三:上下文暗示法
上下文暗示法分为上文语境暗示法和下文语境暗示两种。在做完型填空是,我们会经常遇到此类题目,若无上下文的提示,我们根本无法做出正确的选择;但是我们可以根据上下文的一些提示性的引导词判断上下文和空格部分的关系,从而做出正确的选择。
【例题展示】
Mark Twain,a famous American writer,was onec traveling in France.He went by train to Dijon. He was very tired and wanted to___.He asked the conductor to wake him up when the train got to Dijon.But first he said he was a heavy sleeper……
1.A.read B.write C.drink D.sleep
方法四:逻辑推理法
逻辑推理法也叫语境推测法,是我们在做完形填空题时使用的十分重要的方法之一。完型填空是一篇有完整内容的文章,各行各段之间有着逻辑上的必然联系。在所提供的选项中,有的从语法角度是正确的,从语义上考虑就会自相矛盾,出现不合逻辑的现象。这时应从文章和句子入手,对语法无误的几个选项通过分析对比,选出最符合上下文内在联系的答案。
【例题展示】
When you wave a friend you are using sign(手势)languages.When you smile at someone,you mean to be___.When you put one finger in front of your___,you mean”Be quiet.”
Yet,people in different countries may use different sign languages.Once an English-man was Italy.He could speak a little Italian. One day while he was walking in the street,he felt___and went into a restaurant……
1.A.well B.friendly C.fine D.careful
2.A.eyes B.legs C.mouth D.head
3.A.hungry B.tired C.cold D.ill
方法五:词义辨析法
词义辨析法考查的面广,该内容也是英语学习中的一个难点;在完型填空中出现这一类题目,如果要求做到准确选择,必须在一定的语境或句子中理解,这种考查方式和辨析也是目前完形填空题在中考中考查的一个重点和趋势,所以这一方法是我们必须要掌握的。词义辨析法包括各种词性的考查,如名词、介词、代词、动词、形容词等。
【例题展示】
In England,people don’t like___very much.You can go on a bus, ___on a train,and people just sit looking___the windows.Often they read.They read books and newspapers.But they don’t talk……
1.A.laughing B.going out C.talking D.playing
2.A.or B.and C.either D.but
3.A.from B.through C.at D.out of
方法六:固定搭配法
固定句型和短语搭配不仅是学习的难点,也是完型填空测试的重点。固定搭配形式较多,有名词短语搭配、动词短语搭配、介词短语搭配等,这些固定搭配都是语言在长期的发展和演变过程中形成的,是语言的精华,我们只有在平时学习中认真积累,做题时才能得心应手。做这类题时,不需要特别的分析,就能锁定正确的答案。21*cnjy*com
【例题展示】
From Monday to Friday most people are busy working or studying,but in the evening and weekends they are free and ___themselves.Some watch TV or go to the movies;others take part ___sports.This is decided by their own interests ……
1.A.love B.work C.enjoy D.play
2.A.at B.with C.on D.in
五、学以致用
(1)
请根据下面短文内容,在短文后面的四个选项中选择一个能填入空白处的最佳答案。
Every year students in many countries learn English. Some of these students are children, __1__ students are young people. Why do all these people want to learn__2__? It is not__3__to answer this question. Many boys and girls learn English at school. It is one of their __4__. Many people learn English because it is__5__in their work. Some young people learn English__6__their higher studies because some of their books are__7__English. Other people learn English because they want to __8__newspapers in English. Some people learn English because they want to __9__ in the USA, England or Australia. English is very__10__in our life (生活).
1. A. all B. the other C. both D. other
2. A. English B. Chinese C. maths D. Japanese
3. A. hard B. easy C. good D. nice
4. A. books B. classes C. schools D. subjects (科目)【来源:21cnj*y.co*m】
5. A. good B. useful (有用的) C. fine D. pleased
6. A. for B. of C. to D. from
7. A. in B. with C. at D. of
8. A. look B. see C. look at D. read
9. A. go B. work C. like D. come
10. A. help B. helping C. helps D. helpful
答题分三步:
第一步: 通览全文
通过通览全文,便知本文讲述许多人学习英语。学习英语的人年龄不同,目的各异。
第二步: 逐项填空
本着先易后难的原则,先根据上下文和自己的语感,推测部分空格的可能答案。然后,再结合选项逐一敲定。
[解析]:
1. 选B。some...other(s)...意思是"一些……另一些(泛指)"; some...the other(s)...意思是"一些……另一些(特指)"。由语境可知,在学英语的学生中,除一部分是孩子外,剩余的是青年人(特指)。
2. 选A。根据上下文可知是English。
3. 选B。由文章内容来看,人们学习英语的原因多种多样,因此回答为什么那么多人学习英语这个问题并不容易。21·世纪*教育网
4. 选D。由常识可知,English是学生学习的科目(subject)之一。
5. 选B。根据前后文意可知许多人学习英语,那是因为English在他们的工作中很有用(useful)。
6. 选A。本题属于介词用法辨析。介词for在此可表示目的、原因。
7. 选A。in English是习惯搭配。
8. 选D。"读报"英语习惯说read newspapers。
9. 选B。根据语境及句子结构,有些人学习英语或想出国(go to a country)或想在这些国家工作(work in a country)。【来源:21·世纪·教育·网】
10. 选D。末句点题,"英语在我们生活中是很有帮助的(helpful)"。
第三步: 复读检验
将所有答案代入空格后,重新将短文复读一遍,如果语句通顺,语意清楚,便结束本题,转做其它试题。
(2)
Most English people have three names: a first name, a middle name and the family name. Their family name comes? 1? . For example, my? 2 name is Jim Allan White. White is my? 3 name. My? 4 gave me both of my other names. People don't use their? 5? names very often. So "John Henry Brown" is usually?? 6? "John Brown". People never use Mr, Mrs or Miss before their 7 names. So you can say John Brown, or Mr Brown,? 8? you should never say Mr John. They use Mr、Mrs or Miss? 9? the family name. This is? 10?? from Chinese names. The first name is the family name, and the last name is the given name. 【出处:21教育名师】
(????? )1. A. last???? B. third????? C. second????? D. first 21*cnjy*com
(????? )2. A. first??? B. middle???? C. last??????? D. full
(????? )3. A. given??? B. first????? C. family????? D. middle
(????? )4. A. uncles?? B. parents??? C. brothers??? D. teachers
(????? )5. A. /??????? B. own??????? C. first?????? D. middle
(????? )6. A. call???? B. called???? C. calling???? D. calls
(????? )7. A. first??? B. giving???? C. last??????? D. parents'
(????? )8. A. and????? B. for??????? C. but???????? D. so
(????? )9. A. of?????? B. by???????? C. given?????? D. with
(????? )10. A. same??? B. Different? C. strange???? D. not
[解析]:本题属于完形填空选择题。测试的内容是选择正确的词语填空,使短文完整。解题时要根据文章的内容并借助每个空格所提供的备选项,综合运用所掌握的语言知识进行分析选择。先通读短文,把握大意。本篇短文说的是英美等英语国家人士的姓氏问题。根据英语国家人士姓氏与中国人习惯的不同,结合对具体短文上、下文意思的理解和对短文结构的语法分析,可选择出正确答案为:
1. A????? 2. D?? 3. C?? 4. B?? 5. D??? 6. B??? 7. A?? 8. C??? 9. D??? 10. B。如第一空必须选last,而不能选first。这是根据西方人姓氏是放在最后位置的习惯,如若不了解这一点,将其混同于中国人的习惯,就会错选D了。再如第5空必须选middle而不能选first。因为first name John是名,是会经常用到的。第8空必须选but,而不能选and。因为上、下文意思在此处有转折。第10空必须选different, different…from是固定搭配,且意思与文义相符。完成各道题选择后,把所选答案代入原文,再把全文通读一篇,逐空认真复查,以避免差错。 21教育名师原创作品
(3) In some parts of the world there are large deserts. There are no trees and (1)____ water there. Travelers must take food and (2)____ with them.The (3)____ animal that can walk through the desert is the camel. (4)___ can go without food and water for a long time. And besides he can carry heavy loads. People call the (5)____ “the ship of the desert”.The camel is very big. He has one or two humps(驼峰) on his back, short ears and a long (6)_____. The camel‘s humps hold fat, and his stomach holds water in twelve deep pockets. (7)_____ pocket has a mouth which closes, and the food does not mix the water. When the camel (8)_____ some water, he can get it out of the (9)_____. The camel‘s food is (10)_____ and leaves of trees.( )1. A. no B. any C. not D. /( )2. A. milk B. water C. meat D. grass( )3. A. just B. other C. only D. another( )4. A. He B. They C. She D. It( )5. A. camel B. elephant C. cow D. horse( )6. A. mouth B. neck C. leg D. nose( )7. A. Either B. Each C. All D. Both( )8. A. was wanting B. wants C. is wanting D. wanted( )9. A. nose B. pockets C. mouth D. bags( )10. A. grass B. meat C. bread D. cake
?请同学们先不要看下面的解析,而是根据上面介绍的解题方法,自己做一遍。然后再核实你做得是否正确。[解析]: 这是一篇说明文,文章介绍了沙漠之舟—骆驼的生理特征和在沙漠中的作用。1.A.?并列连词and?连接的两个对等成分,前面是否定的,后面也应是否定的。
B.?根据生活常识和上下文,在沙漠中旅行应该带水。
3.C.?这句话的意思是:唯一能穿越沙漠的动物是骆驼。other, another?是”其他”的意思,文章并没有谈及其他动物。just?做”仅仅”讲时是副词,不能加名词。only?则是形容词,用来修饰名词。
4.A.?采用拟人的写法,用he代替camel。
5.A.?只介绍了一种动物,那就是骆驼。6.B.?骆驼的脖子很长,这是一个基本常识。7.B. both?和either?适用于两者之间,根据twelve deep pockets?可以排除这两个选项。all?用于三者之上,且加复数名词。Each?加上单数名词表示”每个”。8.B.?这篇文章都使用了一般现在时态。9.B.?根据上文可知pocket?是骆驼的储水器官。10.A.?骆驼是食草动物,这是一般的常识。 (4)
Someone says, “Time is money.” But I think time is __1__ important than money. Why? Because when money is spent, we can get it back. However, when time is 2 it’ll never 3 . That’s 4 we mustn’t waste time. It goes without saying that the 5 is usually limited. Even a second is very important. We should make full use of our time to do 6__ useful. But it is a pity that there are a lot of people who do not know the importance of time. They spent their limited time smoking, drinking and __7 . They do not know that wasting time means wasting part of their own __8 . In a word, we should save time. We shouldn’t 9 today’s work for tomorrow. Remember we have no time to 10 .
A. much B. less C. much less D. even more
A. cost B. bought C. gone D. finished
A. return B. carry C. take D. bring
A. what B. that C. because D. why
A. money B. time C. day D. food
A. nothing B. something C. anything D. everything 【版权所有:21教育】
A. reading B. writing C. playing D. working
A. time B. food C. money D. life
A. stop B. leave C. let D. give
A. lose B. save C. spend D. take
[解析]:
D。该句中多音节形容词important的比较级应是 more important ,用even来修饰比较级,故选 even more important。 21cnjy.com
C。这里表示时间流逝,故选gone。
A。时间流逝就不会再回来,根据文意应选return。
D。上文解释了我们为什么不能浪费时间,承接上文应用why。
B。时间的流逝悄无声息,故应选 time。
B。根据文意可知,我们应珍惜时间,做一些有用的事情,故选something。
C。该句列举了一些人浪费时间的例子,四个选项中只有playing能和smoking, drinking 相提并论,故选playing。 21·cn·jy·com
D。根据文意,浪费时间就是浪费自己的生命,故选life。
B。leave意为“留下,剩下”。根据文意,我们不能把今天的事留到明天做,故选 leave。
A。这里表示浪费时间,故选lose。 (5)www.21-cn-jy.com
Most parents, I suppose, have had the experience of reading a bedtime story __1__ their children. And they must have realized how difficult it is to write a __2__ children’s book. Either the author has aimed (定目标) too __3__, so that children can’t follow what is in his ( or more often, her ) story, __4__ the story seems to be talking to the readers. The best children’s books are __5__ very difficult nor very simple, and satisfy(令人满意的) the __6__ who hears the story and the adult(成年人) who __7__ it. Unfortunately(不幸的是), there are in fact few books like this, __8__ the problem of finding the right bedtime story is not __9__ to solve. This may be why many of the books regarded as __10__ of children’s literature(文学) were in fact written for __11__ “Alice in Wonderland” is perhaps the most obvious(明显)of this. Children, left for themselves, often __12__ the worst possible interest in literature. Just leave a child in a bookshop or a __13__ and he will more willingly choose the books written in an unimaginative (并非想象的 ) way, or have a look at the most children’s comics(连环图书), full of the stories and jokes which are the rejections of teachers and righting-thinking parents. Perhaps we parents should stop __14__ to brainwash(洗脑)children into accepting(接受)our taste in literature. After all, children and adults are so __15__ that we parents should not expect that they will enjoy the same books. So I suppose we’ll just have to compromise(妥协)over the bedtime story.
A. to B. in C. with D. around
A. short B. long C. bad D. good
A. easy B. short C. high D. difficult
4、A. and B. but C. or D. so
5、A. both B. neither C. either D. very
6、A. child B. father C. mother D. teacher
7、A. hears B. buys C. understands D. reads
8、A. but B. however C. so D. because
9、A. hard B. easy C. enough D. fast
10、A. articles B. work C. arts D. works
11、A. grown-ups B. girls C. boys D. children
12、A. are B. show C. find D. add
13、A. school B. home C. office D. library
14、A. going B. liking C. trying D. preferring
15、A. same B. friendly C. different D. common
[解析]:
1.C。read to somebody 意为“读给某人听”,to后面接动作的对象。
D。根据下文可知,存在的困难在于如何把孩子们的书写好。故选 good。
C。书中的内容让孩子们无法理解,说明作者的目标定得高。故选 high。
C。与前文either 对应,这里应用or. “either…or” 意义为“要么……要么……”。
B。与下半句的nor 对应,这里应用neither。 “ neither…nor…” 意为“既不……也不……”。
A。satisfy的宾语除了读故事的成年人以外,当然就是听故事的孩子。故选child。
D。孩子听的故事越来越少,家长把讲故事当成读故事。故选reads。
C。前后两句形成因果关系,所以应用so引导结果状语从句。
B。上文讲好书越来越少,说明去发现好书并非是容易的事。故选easy。
B。名词 works 意为“作品”。
A。根据后面所举的例子以及文意,现在被认为是孩子们读的作品,实际上是为成年人所写的。故选grown-ups。 21世纪教育网版权所有
A。show interest in something 意为“对……感兴趣”。
B。孩子们选书的地点一般是书店或是图书馆。故选library。
D。try to do something 意为“想法设法做某事”,符合当今社会实际情况,为正确选项。
15. C。家长不要期望孩子门会接纳他们的观点,因为两者大不相同。故选择different。六、完形填空的做题误区21教育网
很多学生说,他们做完形填空时,往往采用“翻译法和代入法”,即做题时翻译文章内容,感觉哪个合适选哪个,看看划横线处有没有一些固定搭配,然后作选择或者填空。其实这样做是很危险的:① 在实际考试中,翻译很容易受母语影响,进行错误选择;② 并不是所谓固定搭配一定是正确选项,完形填空是考查单词在语境中的运用。如果这个搭配或短语是不符合语篇、段落逻辑的,即便是固定说法,也是不合适的,在阅卷的时候这样的答案一定是错误的。纵观这几年中考真题、一模、二模试卷,以及一些学校的月考、期中、期末试卷发现,完形填空重点考查单词,短语在句子、段落、篇章中的含义,而并非单词本身的“认知”含义。这就为什么一些同学其实单词量并不缺乏,但完形却得分率不高的原因。