1．—I really admire the people full of ______.I'm always tired.
—You'd better take more exercise.
A．power B．strength C．force D．energy
【解析】考查名词辨析。根据I'm always tired可知，第一句应表示，我真羡慕那些精力充沛的人，故选D。energy意为“精力，活力”；power意为“能力，权力”；strength意为“力量，力气”；force意为“暴力，武力”。
【答案】D
2．The TV series of Gong became popular and the theme song Love the feed sung by Yang Mi was a ________ at once and loved by young people.
A．shock B．strike C．hit D．beat
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：电视连续剧《宫》很受欢迎，而且杨幂唱的主题曲《爱的供养》风行一时，很受年轻人喜欢。根据句意选C，hit意为“风行一时的事物”。
【答案】C
3．In a natural disaster，minutes and even seconds of warning can make the ________ between life and death.
A．division B．difference C．separation D．sense
【答案】B
4．Two of my friends are having their weddings on the same day，and I'm in a real ________ about which one to go to.
A．situation B．choice C．trick D．dilemma
【解析】考查名词辨析，句意：两个朋友在同一天举行婚礼，所以去参加哪一场婚礼真的让我左右为难。dilemma意为“窘境，困境”，符合题意。
【答案】D
5．If you don't work hard，it will be of no ________ for others to help you.
A．sympathy B．significance
C．relation D．sign
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：如果你工作不努力，别人帮助你也无济于事。significance意为“重要性；意义”，符合题意。
【答案】B
6．I sent a big bunch of flowers to the nurse as an ________ of thanks for her taking good care of my grandpa in the nursing home.
A．attitude B．impression
C．appreciation D．expression
【答案】D
7．________ material used for running tracks in schools across China may be ________ danger to children's health.
A．/；a B．The；a C．/；the D．The；the
【解析】a danger为抽象名词具体化的用法。
【答案】B
8．—Could you tell me the way to ________ Johnsons，please?
—Sorry，we don't have ________ Johnson here in the village.
A．the；the B．the；a C．/；the D．the；/
【解析】句意：——请问去约翰逊家怎么走啊？——对不起，我们村里没有叫约翰逊的。“the＋姓氏复数”表示“某某一家人”，a＋人名则属于专有名词普通化的用法，可以表示为“一个叫……的人”。
【答案】B
9．Nowadays，few people form the habit of keeping a supply of candles in the house in case of power ________.
A．drop B．lack C．absence D．failure
【解析】句意：现在，几乎没有人有在家里存放蜡烛以防断电应急的习惯。power failure意为“断电”。
【答案】D
10．Kelly gave me a vivid ________ of her trip to Mount Tai after her return.
A．explanation B．account
C．imagination D．idea
【解析】句意：凯丽回来后向我生动地描述了她的泰山之旅。explanation意为“解释，说明”；imagination意为“想象，空想，想象的事物”；idea意为“想法，主意”。give a vivid account of “对……进行生动的描述”。
【答案】B
11．In the centre of the main road into the town，he placed ______ very large stone.
【答案】a 【解析】句意：他在进城的主干道中间放了一块很大的石头。在此stone作可数名词，意为“一块石头”，前面需要用不定冠词a。
12．ike many popular restaurants in Paris，________(reserve)are hard to get at Dave，so I wasn't surprised to find a complete sign hanging over the red door.
13．He pushed and pulled with all his ________(strong)to move it.
【答案】strength 【解析】句意：他用力地推拉将它(石头)移走。分析句子结构可知，with后面接名词，故填strength。
14．He asked ________(permit)to introduce his friend，whose name was Mr Wickham，and who had apparently arrived recently from London.
【答案】permission 【解析】句意：他请求允许介绍他的朋友，他的朋友威克姆先生，显然是最近从伦敦来的。根据句子结构可知，此处动词ask后面须用名词，故填permission。
15．Experts hope the whole society pay more attention to the mental health of ________(adolescent)．
【答案】adolescents 【解析】句意：专家们希望全社会都来关心青少年的心理健康。根据句意可知，此处泛指“青少年”，用复数表示泛指，故填adolescents。
16．Girls are luckier than boys；they have more flexible ________(choose)than boys.
【答案】choices 【解析】句意：女孩比男孩要幸运些，她们比男孩有更灵活的选择。前面flexible是形容词，后面须接名词；choice此处应为可数名词，意味着多种选择，故填choices。
17．I have a strong ________(believe)that one day Chinese students can buy these tickets，too.
【答案】belief 【解析】句意：我坚信有朝一日中国学生也会购买这些票。空白处前面有a strong修饰，说明空白处须填可数名词单数。
18．So I asked her why she sat there in ________(silent)．
【答案】silence 【解析】句意：因此我问她为什么坐在那里沉默不语。in silence“沉默”，是固定用法。
19．About 20 percent of ________(baby)feel nervous when they see strangers.
【答案】babies 【解析】句意：约百分之二十的婴儿见到陌生人会感到紧张。baby是可数名词，前面有百分数修饰，故用复数形式。
20．There was never a time when I had not called him and he did not call me right back within a couple of ________(hour)．
【答案】hours 【解析】句意：当我给他打电话，如果他没接的话，他都会在几小时内回电话。可数名词hour前有a couple of修饰，故用复数形式。
21． ________ M(m)oney plays an important role in ________ material world.But you can't expect it to give you real happiness.
A．A；the B．/；a C．/；the D．The，the
【答案】C
22． My friend's birthday is coming soon.I would like to go to ________ store，or some places close by to buy him ________ present.
A．the；the B．a；the C．/；a D．the；a
【解析】go to the store意为“去商店”，为固定短语，故第一空用the；“给他买一份礼物”，为泛指意义，因此第二空使用不定冠词。
【答案】D
23．— How did you do in your essay?
—I got ________ okay grade，but Mr.Jones gave Sarah top marks.She's ________ teacher's pet，you know.
A．/；a B．an；/ C．/；the D．an；a
【解析】第一空okay前面应用an表示“一个相当好的分数”；第二空表示“她是老师的宠儿”，表示泛指，故用a。
【答案】D
24．It is said that ________ wool produced in Australia is of ________ high quality.
A．/；/ B．the；/ C．the；a D．the；the
【解析】句意：据说澳大利亚产的羊毛质量很好。“produced in Australia”是后置定语，所以前一个空格用the表示特指；后一个空格处是“be of＋抽象名词”结构，名词前不用冠词。
【答案】B
25．—Which of the twin brothers is easier to get on with?
—________ younger one.He is ________ most humorous man.
A．A；a B．A；the C．The；a D．The；/
【答案】C
26．I don't know who invented ________ iphone，but I think it is ________ useful invention.
A．the；a B．the；the C．an；the D．an；a
【解析】句意：我不知道是谁发明了iphone，但是我认为它是一个有用的发明。前一空是类指，用定冠词；后一个空格是泛指，表示“一个，一种”。
【答案】A
27． Keeping a diary is ________ good habit，by which you'll make ________ great progress in writing.
A．a；a B．a；/ C．the；a D．the；/
【解析】句意：写日记是一种好习惯，通过它你将在写作上取得很大进步。第一空habit是可数名词，根据句意可知此处表示泛指“一种好习惯”，应用不定冠词。第二空progress为不可数名词，前面不用冠词，make progress意为“取得进步”。
【答案】B
28．—Have you seen ________ pen？I left it here this morning.
—Is it ________ black one？I found it in the corner.
A．a；the B．the；the C．a；a D．the；a
【解析】第一次提到某物用不定冠词，所以第一空填a；根据I found it in the corner这一信息，它表明说话者是拿着笔在与对方说话，故表特指，所以第二空填the。
【答案】A
29． The operation is ________ success and the patient is now out of ________ danger.
A．a；the B．a；/ C．/；the D．/；/
【解析】句意：这次手术是成功的并且现在病人已脱离了危险。第一空属抽象名词具体化，第二空为固定搭配。
【答案】B
30． As ________ unemployment is very high at the moment，it's very difficult for people to find ________ work.
A．the；/ B．/；/ C．the；a D．an；the
【解析】unemployment和work均为不可数名词，表示一般意义时其前不用冠词。
【答案】B
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several ________ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.【版权所有：21教育】
【解析】考查名词复数。根据句意可知Sarah已拒绝了好几个邀请，前面有several修饰，故用invitation的复数形式。【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
【答案】invitations
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This development was only possible with the ____________ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.
【解析】考查词性转换。空格前是the，后面应该是名词。故填名词introduction。
【答案】introduction
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Besides，they often get some useful informations from the Internet. ____________
【解析】考查名词的用法。information为不可数名词，没有复数形式。
【答案】informations→information
4.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turn left！” ____________www-2-1-cnjy-com
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ改编)They live far from the school，and it takes them about ________ hour and a half to go to work every day.21教育名师原创作品
【解析】考查冠词。后面的单词hour以元音音素开头。故用不定冠词an。此处也可用one表示“一个”。
【答案】an/one
6．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Around me in picture are the things that were very important in my life at that time：car magazines and musical instruments.
【解析】考查冠词或限定词。根据语境可知这张照片是上文提到的照片，是特指。
【答案】在picture前加the或this
7．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，61)But for tourists like me，pandas are its top ________(attract)．
【答案】attraction
【解析】句意：但是对于像我一样的游客来说，大熊猫是最大的吸引。形容词top“头等的；最重要的”后面跟名词形式。21·cn·jy·com
8．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，69)The nursery team switches him every few ________(day)with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed...
【答案】days
【解析】句意：护理团队每隔几天就把他和他的妹妹互换一下，这样当他们中的一个在被人工喂养的时候……。every few days“每隔几天”。
9．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，42)Then，handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of ________(achieve)．
【答案】achievement
【解析】句意：然后，首先处理最重要的任务，那么你会感到真正意义上的成就。介词of后应用名词作宾语。
10．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，46)Recent ________(study)show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly．
【答案】studies
【解析】句意：最近的研究显示如果我们有规律地进行短暂的休息的话，我们工作的效率会更高。study“研究”为可数名词，本句的谓语动词为show，说明主语应用名词复数studies。
11．(2016·新课标Ⅲ，68)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C.，influenced the ________ (develop)of chopsticks.
【答案】development
12．(2016·四川，65)Any smell might attract natural ________(enemy)that would try to eat the little panda.21*cnjy*com
【答案】enemies
【解析】句意：任何气味都有可能吸引自然界中那些想要吃掉熊猫宝宝的敌人。根据常识可知，此处表示“吸引了自然界中的敌人”，故填可数名词enemy的复数形式。
13．(2016·浙江，4)It is important to pay your electricity bill on time，as late ________(pay)may affect your credit.
【答案】payments
【解析】句意：准时付电费很重要，因为支付晚了会影响你的信用。前面有形容词late修饰，此处应用名词形式，payment可用作可数名词，所以用复数形式。
14．(2016·浙江，8)We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our _______ _(different)unite，rather than divide us.2-1-c-n-j-y
【答案】differences
【解析】句意：当我们学会“求同存异”，而不是“分崩离析”的时候，我们就能获得很多。物主代词our后面接名词，这里是指“我们的差异”，所以用复数形式。
15．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，70)The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed，________ other is with mum—she never suspects.
【答案】the
16．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，48)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ________ while，exercising，or doing something you enjoy.
【答案】a
【解析】句意：你可以先出去一会儿，通过锻炼或做些你喜欢的事情来让你的身体和大脑得到休息。for a while意为“一会儿”。
易错起源1 望词生义
例1． We most prefer to say yes to the________of someone we know and like.(attempts, requests, doubts, promises)
答案：requests 解析：本题结合名词词义辨析考查语境选词。句意：我们大都更愿意答应我们所了解和喜欢人的________。attempt尝试；request要求，请求；doubt怀疑；promise保证，允诺。由语境可知，只能是对别人的请求(requests)说yes，即：答应对方的请求。
【名师点睛】
同义词、近义词甚至是形近词有着不同的含义和适用场合，要特别注意在特定语境中准确运用词汇和语法知识的能力。平时要努力扩大词汇量，做题时要深入理解语境，整体把握，结合句意作出最佳选择。
【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】
名词词义辨析是高考的热点，主要考查考生结合语境区分词义的能力，因而在记忆单词时，一定要结合语境体会其意义。如近几年高考中常出现的：21cnjy.com
(1)expectation(期望)；reputation(声誉)；contribution(贡献)；civilization(文明)
(2)accommodation(住宿)；occupation(职业)；adaptation(适应，改编)；appreciation(欣赏)
易错起源2 误用冠词
例2、I can't tell you ________ way to the Wilsons' because we don't have ________ Wilson here in the village.21*cnjy*com
【名师点睛】
1．用于表示泛指或一般意义的物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词、复数名词等之前。
Knowledge begins with practice.
知识从实践开始。
Teachers should be respected.
教师应该受到尊重。
2．东、西方都有的节日名称前不用冠词，如：New Year's Day, Christmas, National Day, Army Day等；但中国的节日一般用定冠词，如：the Spring Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival等。
3．月份、日期前一般不用冠词，如：in October, on March 8等。
4．三餐名词前不用冠词，如：have breakfast/lunch/dinner等。
但有定语修饰时需加不定冠词，如：have a big breakfast，have a wonderful lunch等。
5．表示体育运动的名词前不用冠词，如：play football/cards/chess等；但乐器名词前需加定冠词，如：play the violin/the piano等。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
6．用于作表语、补足语、同位语的唯一职位名词前。
John is captain of the team.
约翰是这个队的队长。
They elected him president of the society.
他们选他为协会会长。
7．用于表示“变成”的turn后、作表语的单数名词前。
He was a teacher before he turned writer.
他成为作家之前是教师。
8．用于让步状语从句倒装的单数可数名词前。
Child as he is (＝Although he is a child), he knows a lot.21世纪教育网版权所有
他虽然是个孩子，但懂得很多。
9．用于某些用介词by构成的表方式的短语中。
by bus 乘公共汽车 by plane/by air 乘飞机
by land 走陆路 by sea 走海路
by phone 用电话 by letter 用信件
by post 用邮寄 by hand 用手工
10．用于某些独立主格结构中。
The teacher came in, book in hand (＝with a book in his hand)．www.21-cn-jy.com
老师走了进来，手里拿着书。
【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】
冠词运用一定要注意语境。
易错起源3 序数词、比较级、最高级前误用定冠词
例3．His English is ________ second to none. And he is going to learn ________ second language in ________ second grade.2·1·c·n·j·y
A．/；a；the B．the；the；a
C．/；the；a D．a；the；the
【答案】A 【解析】second to none“首屈一指”是固定短语，second前不加冠词；second前加不定冠词表示“又一，再一”；the second grade表示“二年级”。故正确答案为A。
【名师点睛】
1．泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。
A teacher shouldn't talk like that.
教师不应当那样讲话。
2．用于序数词前表示“又一”“再一”。用于形容词最高级前意为“很，非常”。
We'll have to do it a second time.
我们得再做一次。
He is a most wise man.
他是一个十分明智的人。
3．用于具体化了的抽象名词前。
He was a success in business.
他是事业成功人士。
4．在专有名词前表示“某一个”“类似的一个”。
A Mr. Smith wants to see you.
一位史密斯先生想见你。
5．用于of短语中表示“同一”(＝the same)。
Tom and Kate are of an age.
汤姆与凯特同岁。
易错起源4 名词固定搭配
例4．The smallest good habits can make a big ________.21教育网
答案：difference 解析：make a difference“有影响，起作用”，为固定搭配。
【名师点睛】
高考考查名词构成的固定搭配主要有两类：“动词＋名词”和“介词＋名词”。如：have a good reputation，take advantage of和in great demand, in quantity.21·世纪*教育网
在处理此类题目时，一要读懂句子的题干意义，二要注意短语的构成和意义以及不同语境下的应用。
易错起源5 名词的一词多义与熟词新义
例5、—Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?【出处：21教育名师】
—Well, you know, English is my ________. So it is my best choice.(strength, talent, ability, skill)
【名师点睛】
名词的一词多义与熟词新义是考查的重点和难点，因此在复习过程中，要注意学会在语境中掌握同义词的细微差别，全面掌握词汇的多层含义。如interest既要知道它有“兴趣，趣味”的意思，又要知道它的另一层意思：“利益；好处”。
