专题三 阅读理解题解题技巧
阅读理解是中考英语的测试重点之一。分析2014至2017年全国各地考题，阅读理解题的数目稳定在15-20题，所占分值的比重较大.本题型旨在考查学生阅读，理解的能力，几年来，中考英语题中的阅读理解材料新，题材丰富，考查学生综合推断能力，根据语篇猜单词意思的能力的力度加大，也考查学生关注细节的能力。所以学生往往要么没能正确理解语篇中某些句子的意思，在细节题上丢分，要么就是对语篇的整体把握不够，在综合题或者推断题方面丢分。
一、关于中考英语阅读理解相关内容的认识
1、中考英语阅读理解考的是什么？阅读理解能力
2、阅读理解能力指什么？视读能力、理解能力和对所读材料的评价能力综合起来就是阅读能力。
3、中考阅读理解能力测试的主要要求：
（1）读材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节。
（2）既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念。
（3）既理解字面的意思，也理解深层次的含义，包括作者的态度，意图等。
（4）既理解某句，某段的含义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断。
（5）既能根据所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。
4、阅读能力考查在中考试卷中的体现：
（1）以阅读理解题为主；
（2）四篇材料的题材、体裁
二、解题思路
（一）先读问题，弄清考查要点，以便能带着问题看文章，这样会心中有数，有的放矢。
（二）快速浏览全文，掌握全貌，注意发现与问题有关的信息，如果时间紧，至少要扫视一下起首段和尾段。再把标题和文章内容结合起来想一想，这样全文大意便清楚了。此时，不要忙于答题。
（三）细读原文，捕捉相关信息词，掌握短文细节内容。这是解题的关键，应特别注意以下几点：
1． 抓住四个"W"和一个"H"，就是边读边用铅笔做些标记，把What (事件)，When（时间），Where（地点），Why（原因），How（经过）划出来。抓住了四个“W”和一个“H”，就抓住了文章的全貌，一些直接性的问题便可解决。21*cnjy*com
2．抓住连接词及起关键作用的副词、代词、介词、插入语等。因为这些词具有因果，让步，递进，转折，指代，列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能。这对考生分清文章层次，辨明各种关系，了解人物心理，推断作者意图，进行逻辑推理等手段来分析难点，都具有举足轻重的作用。
3． 注意领会文章的寓意。
4．根据题意，初选答案。这一步须仔细审题，领会测试要求，确定解题方法。对那些明显的，有把握的题可以断然确定，不必把其余三个答案再作推敲而浪费时间：有些略难的题，应再查阅短文（不是重读一遍），迅速找出依据，予以排除。21*cnjy*com
四、重读原文，仔细斟酌核对答案。在解完最后一道题后，如果时间允许，再将原文读一遍；用全文的主题思想统率各思考题，研究其内在联系和逻辑关系，目的在于对所做答案进一步审查，推出未解答的题，以便减少失误。
方法一、直接解题法。即从原文中直接找出答案。
方法二、归纳解题法。对于不能从原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和线索的前题下进行概括、归纳得出正确答案。
方法三、综合推理法。读者需统观全文，认真分析，综合推理及至计算，最后归纳出正确答案。
题干中有"suggest, conclude, conclusion, probably, reason, because, according to“等字眼时，属于推断概括型，考查内容着眼于全篇，考生应具备一定的分析归纳，推理等逻辑思维能力。
方法四、捕捉关键词。在阅读时应该注意与问题相关的同义词，近义词，反义词或同位词等信息词来得出正确答案。
方法五、转换解题法。即原文这么说，而在问题和所给选项中则用另外的词去转换一种说法，但仍表示同一含义。
方法六、排除法。根据语言，句法结构，信息词和常识，在没有把握的选项中用排除法得出正确答案。
【例题展示】
（一）根据内容，从短文后每题的四个选项中选择最佳的一项。
Mr Brown first went to look at the underground - fire when he was seven. "Through the hole（洞）in the earth you could see the orange fire, but you had to look fast because it was so hot," said Mr Brown. In 1898, he saw the fire once more（再一次）.21·世纪*教育网
Now, we can only see the smoke. The fire Mr Brown saw is not the underground - fire. In fact, there are 260 coal（煤）fires in the world. They are harmful（有害）and dangerous. Then how to put them out?Scientists have tried to set（放置）fire to underground coal to speed up（加速）the fires. In this way, the burning（燃烧）of underground coal would be soon finished.（被烧完）。
1. Mr Brown first saw the underground - fire ________.
A. at the age of seven B. seven years old C. in the year of 1898 D. more than（超过）80 years ago
2. Mr Brown said that we had to take a fast look at the fire because ________.
A. it was in the hole B. it was very hot C. it was orange D. it was harmful
3. How many coal fires are there in the world?
A. There's only one. B. It's hard to say. C. There are 260. D. The article（文章）doesn't tell us.
4. What’s one of the best ways to put out（扑灭）the underground fire?
A. To cover（覆盖）the holes with stones（石块）.B. To speed up the fires.
C. To see the fires burning.D. To do some experiments（试验）.
5. What is the best title（标题）for the article?
A. Watching the Underground - Fire.B. A Way to Put Out the Coal Fires.
C. The Burning Earth.D. Coal and Coal Fires.
（二）根据文章内容判断正误
Fred telephoned his wife. “I’ve got two free tickets for the theatre tonight,” he told her. “Meet me outside the office. We’ll have something to eat and then go on to the theatre.”Fred’s wife was very pleased. They hadn’t been to the theatre for a long time. She met her husband as he told her. They had dinner and got to the theatre just in time.At the entrance Fred took out his wallet to get the tickets. “It’s very strange,” he said. “They aren’t here!” “Try your pockets,” said his wife. But the tickets weren’t there, either.Then Fred looked very embarrassed (尴尬). “What’s the matter?” asked his wife. “Well,” Fred said, “I remember what I did with my tickets. I put them in my bag. But because I wasn’t going home, I left it in the office!”www-2-1-cnjy-com
( ) 1. One day, Fred was given the tickets for the theatre.
( ) 2. Fred and his wife went to the theatre quite often.
( ) 3. Fred wanted to meet his wife in a restaurant.
( ) 4. They reached the theatre neither late nor early.
( ) 5. Then Fred couldn’t find his tickets and remembered what he had done with the tickets.
（三）阅读下面短文，然后回答文后问题。
Taking exams always makes me nervous．What about you? Here are some suggestions that my friend offers me．Preparing for exams，The most important part of preparing for an exam is to know what to study．Review subjects you've spent a long time on during classes，look through what you were asked to read and topics of essays and homework，or ask your teachers to see if they can give a few suggestions．Once you know what to study，the next is to know how to study．Arriving at an exam How you arrive at an exam will decide how you take your exam．Be sure to arrive：Early．
With a full stomach．Well rested．With all the things you will need for the exam．Having your own exam habits21世纪教育网版权所有
Before you begin your exam，be sure to：Set up your things close by．Put your name and other identification information on your exam-answer sheet．Read all the directions．Make a brief plan about how you will divide your time between sections．Take a few deep breaths every time you feel nervous．If you prepare well for your exam，arrive confidently and settle in before you begin．Don't spend more time on a question that you should unless you're ahead of schedule(时间表)．
根据短文内容，回答下面的问题。
1．What is the most important before you take an exam?【出处：21教育名师】
_________________________________________________________
2．Should you arrive at an exam early or on time?
_________________________________________________________
3．What should you do if you feel nervous just before an exam?
_________________________________________________________
4．How would you feel if you got everything ready?
_________________________________________________________
（四）阅读下面短文，然后回答文后问题。
John Smith was an old porter. He worked at the station. Every day he was busy carrying heavy things for the people. He was careful with his work. He was kind to everyone. He was always ready to help others.One morning he stood in the station. He was waiting for the train. Just then he saw a man running towards the trains with a big bag in his hand.“No train is starting. Why is he in such a hurry?” the old man thought to himself.He went up to the man and asked, “May I help you?”As soon as the man saw the porter, he stopped running.“Can I catch the 10:35 train to London?” the man asked. He looked worried.The old porter looked at him for a few seconds and said, “Well, sir. I’d like to help you, but I can’t answer your question because I don’t know how fast you can run.” Then he explained to the man, “The 10:35 train toLondonleft five minutes ago. Can you run fast enough to catch it?”
26. What was John’s job?
27. Where do you think the man was going?
28. Why did the man run towards the trains and look worried?
29. What time was it when the man got to the station?
30. What do you think of John Smith?
（五）根据内容，从短文后每题的四个选项中选择最佳的一项。
Most people want to work, but it has become more difficult in today’s world to find work for everyone. The economy (经济) of the world needs to grow by 4% each year just to keep the old number of jobs for people. Often this is not possible, and so more people are out of work. Some people have no jobs now because new machines can do the work of many people in short time. Also, machines do not ask for more money and longer holiday. In all of the countries of the world, machines are taking work from people, not only in factories but also on the farms. One machine can often do the work from forty people. About 75,000 people are moving to the cities a day to look for jobs, but only 70% of them can find jobs.21cnjy.com
1. It was _______ for people to find work before than today.【版权所有：21教育】
A. not possible B. difficult C. more difficult D. easier
2. If the economy of the world grows by 4% each year, _______.
A. people will have no jobs B. people can still have jobs as before
C. 4% of the people will have jobs D. 97% of the people will have jobs
3. One machine can do as much work as _______.
A. 40% of the people B. 4% of the people in the world C. 40 people D. 75,000 people
4. How many people outside cities go into to look for jobs each day?
A. 70% of the people. B. 4% of the people in the world.C. More than 75,000. D. About 75,000 people.
5. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Machines are taking work instead of people.B. Now more people are out of work.
C. Machines need more money and longer holidays.D. Most people want to have jobs.
（六）阅读下面短文，然后回答文后问题。
It’s hard to make friends if you stay at home alone all the time. Get out of the house and do things that will put you in touch with(接触) other people. It’s easier to make friends when you have similar interests.Don’t be afraid to show people what you’re really good at. Talk about the things you like and do best. People will be interested in you if there is something interesting about you.Look at people in the eye when you talk to them. That way, they’ll find it easier to talk to you, or people may think you’re not interested in them and may stop being in-terested in you.Be a good listener. Let people talk about themselves before talking about “me, me, me”. Ask lots of questions. Show an interest in their answers.Try to make friends with the kind of people you really like, respect (尊敬), and admire (羡慕)—not just with those who are easy to meet. Be friendly with a lot of peo-ple. That way, you’ll have a bigger group of people to choose from and have more chances for making friends.21·cn·jy·com
1. How can we have more friends, get in touch with other people or stay at home?
2. When Jim talks to people, he always looks right, left, or at the floor. Do you think it’s right? Why or why not?
3. Cindy always talks about herself when she talks to other people. What advice (it’80 do you think she needs to follow?
4. What should you do if you want to have more chances for making friends?
5. What’s the main idea of the passage?
（七）根据内容，从短文后每题的四个选项中选择最佳的一项。
1990 was a significant year in world events．In February，Nelson Mandela was set free after 27 years in prison．In October，East and West Germany became one country again．Then at the end of 1990，the World Wide Web was born．For this final event we have one man to thank，Tim Berners Lee，the father of the Web．Berners Lee was born on June 8，1955 in London，England．His parents，both computer designers，encouraged him to think and work creatively as he grew up．He was an excellent student and naturally took an interest in computers and science．
After graduating from Oxford University，Tim went to work at a science research centre in Switzerland．There he developed some of the different systems that would later become the Web．The first was HTML，the computer language used to make web pages．The second was an address system that let computers anywhere find each other and send and receive information．In 1990，while still at the science centre in Switzerland，he put them together to make the first Internet browser(浏览器)．It could run on any computer and allowed people to creat website to share their information with the rest of the world．Tim knew that the more people used the Web，the more useful it would be．He wasn't interested in money but knowledge，so he gave out his invention for free to anyone who was interested．Many were interested and the growth of the Internet began．
Today Tim works as a professor at the MIT in America，researching new and interesting ways to use the Web．He has received many awards from governments and organizations for his efforts．He is still not very interested in money．That is why he is so admired by his students and workmates．It may also be one of the reasons that few people outside the world of technology know his name．
阅读短文，根据短文内容选择最佳答案。
( ) 1．The underlined word "significant" (in Paragraph 1) most probably means "_________"．
A．strange B．terrible C．important D．difficult
( ) 2．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A．The address system was used to make web pages．
B．The World Wide Web was created in Switzerland．
C．The first web browser was very expensive to buy．
D．Many people could use the Internet before 1990．
( ) 3．What can we learn about Berners Lee from the passage?
A．He was encouraged to be creative．B．He didn't do well at school．
C．He is a very poor businessman．D．He is well known all over the world．
( ) 4．Where does Berners Lee live today?
A．England． B．Switzerland． C．America． D．Canada．
( ) 5．What is the passage mainly about?
A．The events that took place in 1990．B．The history of the Internet．www.21-cn-jy.com
C．The invention of the Internet browser．D．The man who created the Word Wide Web
（八）根据内容，从短文后每题的四个选项中选择最佳的一项。
When you see the girl for the first time，you may think she is a boy．She is very outgoing(外向的)．Who is she? Wang Meng，the Chinese top skater．On the evening of February 26th，2010，Wang Meng first got to the finishing line in 1 minute and 29.213 seconds in the women's 1000 meters short track speed skating final(短道速滑决赛) at the Vancouver Olympic Winter Games(温哥华冬奥会)．After she succeeded in the 500-metre and 3000-metre races，she won her third gold medal this time．With this one China won four gold medals in the women's short track speed skating．That helped China first win the team gold medal in Winter Olympics history．
Just before the final race Wang Meng caught a bad cold and coughed terribly．With the words of "You can，you can do!" she won at last．She said，"I really feel these three gold medals belong to my team，to China．It was with the help of my team that I won the prize．"Though Wang Meng is only twenty-four，she has been the most successful Chinese skater．We are proud of her and her team．We hope she will be faster in Sochi Olympics in 2014．21教育网
阅读短文，根据短文内容选择最佳答案。
( ) 1．China won gold medals in the women's short track speed skating．【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
A．2 B．3 C．4 D．5
( ) 2．It took Wang Meng 1 minute and 29.213 seconds to finish the short track speed skating final．2-1-c-n-j-y
A．women's 1000 B．men's 1000 C．women's 500 D．men's 500【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
( ) 3．In Wang Meng's opinion，made her win the prize at last．
A．a strong body B．a bad cold C．her team's help D．much exercise
( ) 4．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A．Wang Meng is very outgoing like a boy．B．Wang Meng is the most successful Chinese skater．
C．Chinese people are proud of Wang Meng and her team．
D．China has got the team gold medal twice in Winter Olympics history．
（九）根据内容，从短文后每题的四个选项中选择最佳的一项。
Earthquakes happen without warning(前兆)．They can happen any time of a day，at any point during the year．When an earthquake is happening，you should know what you should do or not do．
Do NOT go outside．You could get injured from falling glass or parts of buildings．If you are outside，stay away from buildings and power lines(输电线)．Stay under a desk，table，or other strong furniture．Hold on to it．Or stay in a corner of the building．Cover your face and head with your arms and cover your mouth with a towel or clothing．Stay inside until shaking stops and it is safe to go outside．
Keep away from windows，pictures or advertisements on the wall or the building，and anything else that could fall and hurt you．Most people get injured by falling things during an earthquake，not by the shaking itself．Also keep away from a fire．You could fall down and burn yourself on the fire．If you are driving when an earthquake happens，stop the car if it's safe．Stay inside your car until the earthquake stops，and don't drive near bridges．Try not to stop by power lines or trees．These could fall and hurt you．
阅读短文，根据短文内容选择最佳答案。
( ) 1．It isn't safe for you to _______ while the earthquake is happening．
A．run out of the building B．stay in a corner of the building
C．cover your head with your arms D．cover your mouth with a towel
( ) 2．From this passage，we know _______．
A．many people fear earthquakes B．earthquakes maybe happen at any time2·1·c·n·j·y
C．we can't save ourselves in an earthquake
D．people never get injured in earthquakes
( ) 3．The best title for this passage should be "_______"．
A．How Earthquakes Happen B．How to Drive a Car
C．What We Should Do in Earthquakes D．Why Earthquakes Happen21教育名师原创作品
（十）根据内容，从短文后每题的四个选项中选择最佳的一项。
On February 3rd，1949，New York Harbor(港) was an exciting place．Many people were there to greet a ship from France．On the ship were 49 French railroad boxcars(火车车厢) filled with gifts from the people of France to the people of America．These boxcars were from the famous Merci Train (Merci，a French word meaning "thank you")．After world War Ⅱ(二战)，a lot of factories，roads and farms in France had been destroyed．Many French people had no jobs or money and had little to wear and little to eat．In the winter of 1947，a train was sent across the United States，stopping in cities and towns along the way．At every stop，people gave whatever they could．Factories gave clothing and medicine．Farmers gave food．Families gave money．Even school children gave away their pocket money(零用钱)．All the things were then taken to France by ship．By 1949，the French had begun to recover(恢复) from the war．The Merci Train was their way of saying "thank you" to America．French people had filled the boxcars with gifts．Most of them were personal，like hand-made toys，children's drawings，or postcards．But the boxcars themselves were perhaps the most meaningful of the gifts．On each car，the French people had painted the pictures of all their 40 provinces，with an American eagle on the front．The boxcars were taken to each state of America，where they were warmly greeted．Now many of the states still keep their boxcars．Gifts sent by the French people can still be seen in some museums．The Merci Train came out of the war，but it now reminds the world that countries can also work together in peace(和平)．
阅读短文，根据短文内容选择最佳答案。
( ) 1．Many people crowded at New York Harbor on February 3rd，1949 to ________．
A．welcome the Merci Train B．meet their families
C．have a big party D．start a trip by ship
( ) 2．In 1947，a train stopped in cities across America in order to ________．
A．give away clothing and food B．get more soldiers for the war
C．collect things to help French people D．show exhibitions from the museums
( ) 3．The underlined word "them" in Paragraph 3 refers to(指) ________．
A．the American people B．the French people C．the boxcars D．the gifts
( ) 4．The French people painted their 40 provinces and an American eagle on each boxcar because _______．
A．they thought France was stronger than America
B．it could show the friendship between the two countries
C．the boxcars would be more beautiful
D．they were very good at painting picture
( ) 5．The passage is mainly about _______．
A．the story of the Merci Train B．American museums where the boxcars are kept
C．gifts that American people liked D．World War Ⅱ
专题三 阅读理解题解题技巧
阅读理解是中考英语的测试重点之一。分析2014至2017年全国各地考题，阅读理解题的数目稳定在15-20题，所占分值的比重较大.本题型旨在考查学生阅读，理解的能力，几年来，中考英语题中的阅读理解材料新，题材丰富，考查学生综合推断能力，根据语篇猜单词意思的能力的力度加大，也考查学生关注细节的能力。所以学生往往要么没能正确理解语篇中某些句子的意思，在细节题上丢分，要么就是对语篇的整体把握不够，在综合题或者推断题方面丢分。
一、关于中考英语阅读理解相关内容的认识
1、中考英语阅读理解考的是什么？阅读理解能力
2、阅读理解能力指什么？视读能力、理解能力和对所读材料的评价能力综合起来就是阅读能力。
3、中考阅读理解能力测试的主要要求：
（1）读材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节。
（2）既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念。
（3）既理解字面的意思，也理解深层次的含义，包括作者的态度，意图等。
（4）既理解某句，某段的含义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断。
（5）既能根据所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。
4、阅读能力考查在中考试卷中的体现：
（1）以阅读理解题为主；
（2）四篇材料的题材、体裁
二、解题思路
（一）先读问题，弄清考查要点，以便能带着问题看文章，这样会心中有数，有的放矢。
（二）快速浏览全文，掌握全貌，注意发现与问题有关的信息，如果时间紧，至少要扫视一下起首段和尾段。再把标题和文章内容结合起来想一想，这样全文大意便清楚了。此时，不要忙于答题。
（三）细读原文，捕捉相关信息词，掌握短文细节内容。这是解题的关键，应特别注意以下几点：
1． 抓住四个"W"和一个"H"，就是边读边用铅笔做些标记，把What (事件)，When（时间），Where（地点），Why（原因），How（经过）划出来。抓住了四个“W”和一个“H”，就抓住了文章的全貌，一些直接性的问题便可解决。21cnjy.com
2．抓住连接词及起关键作用的副词、代词、介词、插入语等。因为这些词具有因果，让步，递进，转折，指代，列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能。这对考生分清文章层次，辨明各种关系，了解人物心理，推断作者意图，进行逻辑推理等手段来分析难点，都具有举足轻重的作用。
3． 注意领会文章的寓意。
4．根据题意，初选答案。这一步须仔细审题，领会测试要求，确定解题方法。对那些明显的，有把握的题可以断然确定，不必把其余三个答案再作推敲而浪费时间：有些略难的题，应再查阅短文（不是重读一遍），迅速找出依据，予以排除。【出处：21教育名师】
四、重读原文，仔细斟酌核对答案。在解完最后一道题后，如果时间允许，再将原文读一遍；用全文的主题思想统率各思考题，研究其内在联系和逻辑关系，目的在于对所做答案进一步审查，推出未解答的题，以便减少失误。
方法一、直接解题法。即从原文中直接找出答案。
方法二、归纳解题法。对于不能从原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和线索的前题下进行概括、归纳得出正确答案。www.21-cn-jy.com
方法三、综合推理法。读者需统观全文，认真分析，综合推理及至计算，最后归纳出正确答案。
题干中有"suggest, conclude, conclusion, probably, reason, because, according to“等字眼时，属于推断概括型，考查内容着眼于全篇，考生应具备一定的分析归纳，推理等逻辑思维能力。
方法四、捕捉关键词。在阅读时应该注意与问题相关的同义词，近义词，反义词或同位词等信息词来得出正确答案。
方法五、转换解题法。即原文这么说，而在问题和所给选项中则用另外的词去转换一种说法，但仍表示同一含义。
方法六、排除法。根据语言，句法结构，信息词和常识，在没有把握的选项中用排除法得出正确答案。
【例题展示】
（一）根据内容，从短文后每题的四个选项中选择最佳的一项。
Mr Brown first went to look at the underground - fire when he was seven. "Through the hole（洞）in the earth you could see the orange fire, but you had to look fast because it was so hot," said Mr Brown. In 1898, he saw the fire once more（再一次）.
Now, we can only see the smoke. The fire Mr Brown saw is not the underground - fire. In fact, there are 260 coal（煤）fires in the world. They are harmful（有害）and dangerous. Then how to put them out?Scientists have tried to set（放置）fire to underground coal to speed up（加速）the fires. In this way, the burning（燃烧）of underground coal would be soon finished.（被烧完）。
1. Mr Brown first saw the underground - fire ________.
A. at the age of seven B. seven years old C. in the year of 1898 D. more than（超过）80 years ago
2. Mr Brown said that we had to take a fast look at the fire because ________.
A. it was in the hole B. it was very hot C. it was orange D. it was harmful
3. How many coal fires are there in the world?
A. There's only one. B. It's hard to say. C. There are 260. D. The article（文章）doesn't tell us.21教育网
4. What’s one of the best ways to put out（扑灭）the underground fire?
A. To cover（覆盖）the holes with stones（石块）.B. To speed up the fires.
C. To see the fires burning.D. To do some experiments（试验）.
5. What is the best title（标题）for the article?
A. Watching the Underground - Fire.B. A Way to Put Out the Coal Fires.
C. The Burning Earth.D. Coal and Coal Fires.
【解析】
1. 在文章的第一段的第一句里可以找到依据。at the age of seven 等于when he was seven，故正确答案为 A 。
2．这一题可以在第一段里直接找到答案，属于直接回答题。正确答案为 B。
3．这一题可以在第二段里直接找到答案，属于直接回答题。正确答案为 C。
4．在文章的最后一段提到了扑灭火的最好方法，那就是使火加速燃烧。正确答案为 B。
5．完成这道题需作一定的归纳，因为文章中没有给出直接的回答。文章从Mr Brown两次看火，然后说出地下火的危害，最后提出如何灭火的方法。文章的前两段是给为什么要灭火和如何灭火铺垫，如何灭火才是文章的中心。故正确答案为 B。【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
② 归纳解题法。对于不能从原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和线索的前题下进行概括、归纳得出正确答案。
③ 综合推理法。读者需统观全文，认真分析，综合推理及至计算，最后归纳出正确答案。
题干中有"suggest, conclude, conclusion, probably, reason, because, according to“等字眼时，属于推断概括型，考查内容着眼于全篇，考生应具备一定的分析归纳，推理等逻辑思维能力。
④ 捕捉关键词。在阅读时应该注意与问题相关的同义词，近义词，反义词或同位词等信息词来得出正确答案。
⑤ 转换解题法。即原文这么说，而在问题和所给选项中则用另外的词去转换一种说法，但仍表示同一含义。
⑥ 排除法。根据语言，句法结构，信息词和常识，在没有把握的选项中用排除法得出正确答案。
（二）根据文章内容判断正误
Fred telephoned his wife. “I’ve got two free tickets for the theatre tonight,” he told her. “Meet me outside the office. We’ll have something to eat and then go on to the theatre.”Fred’s wife was very pleased. They hadn’t been to the theatre for a long time. She met her husband as he told her. They had dinner and got to the theatre just in time.At the entrance Fred took out his wallet to get the tickets. “It’s very strange,” he said. “They aren’t here!” “Try your pockets,” said his wife. But the tickets weren’t there, either.Then Fred looked very embarrassed (尴尬). “What’s the matter?” asked his wife. “Well,” Fred said, “I remember what I did with my tickets. I put them in my bag. But because I wasn’t going home, I left it in the office!”
( ) 1. One day, Fred was given the tickets for the theatre.
( ) 2. Fred and his wife went to the theatre quite often.
( ) 3. Fred wanted to meet his wife in a restaurant.
( ) 4. They reached the theatre neither late nor early.
( ) 5. Then Fred couldn’t find his tickets and remembered what he had done with the tickets.
【解析】
1、T 因为第一段中提到Fred told his wife“I’ve got two free tickets…” “free” 此处是免费的意思。
2、F 第二段中提到“They hadn’t been to the theater for a long time.”
3、F 第一段中Fred说“Meet me outside the office.”
4、T 第二段中“in time”是及时的意思。
5. T 结尾处提到的。
（三）阅读下面短文，然后回答文后问题。
Taking exams always makes me nervous．What about you? Here are some suggestions that my friend offers me．Preparing for exams，The most important part of preparing for an exam is to know what to study．Review subjects you've spent a long time on during classes，look through what you were asked to read and topics of essays and homework，or ask your teachers to see if they can give a few suggestions．Once you know what to study，the next is to know how to study．Arriving at an exam How you arrive at an exam will decide how you take your exam．Be sure to arrive：Early．
With a full stomach．Well rested．With all the things you will need for the exam．Having your own exam habits2-1-c-n-j-y
Before you begin your exam，be sure to：Set up your things close by．Put your name and other identification information on your exam-answer sheet．Read all the directions．Make a brief plan about how you will divide your time between sections．Take a few deep breaths every time you feel nervous．If you prepare well for your exam，arrive confidently and settle in before you begin．Don't spend more time on a question that you should unless you're ahead of schedule(时间表)．
根据短文内容，回答下面的问题。
1．What is the most important before you take an exam?
_________________________________________________________
2．Should you arrive at an exam early or on time?
_________________________________________________________
3．What should you do if you feel nervous just before an exam?
_________________________________________________________
4．How would you feel if you got everything ready?
_________________________________________________________21·世纪*教育网
【解析】
1．to know what to study 根据建议一可知，考前最重要的就是要知道学什么。
2．Early 根据建议二可知，考试时要提前到。
3．Take a few deep breaths 根据建议三可知，考前紧张是要深吸一口气，能缓解紧张的心情。
4．Confident．根据短文内容可知，一切准备就绪，你就会很自信。
（四）阅读下面短文，然后回答文后问题。
John Smith was an old porter. He worked at the station. Every day he was busy carrying heavy things for the people. He was careful with his work. He was kind to everyone. He was always ready to help others.One morning he stood in the station. He was waiting for the train. Just then he saw a man running towards the trains with a big bag in his hand.“No train is starting. Why is he in such a hurry?” the old man thought to himself.He went up to the man and asked, “May I help you?”As soon as the man saw the porter, he stopped running.“Can I catch the 10:35 train to London?” the man asked. He looked worried.The old porter looked at him for a few seconds and said, “Well, sir. I’d like to help you, but I can’t answer your question because I don’t know how fast you can run.” Then he explained to the man, “The 10:35 train toLondonleft five minutes ago. Can you run fast enough to catch it?”
26. What was John’s job?
27. Where do you think the man was going?
28. Why did the man run towards the trains and look worried?
29. What time was it when the man got to the station?
30. What do you think of John Smith?
【解析】
通读全文, 故事讲述的是车站搬运工John Smith有一天在火车站同一名旅客间的一段对话，故事很幽默。第一个问题是一个细节题，第1段清楚地说明了他的工作：John Smith was an old porter。porter的意思的“(车站、码头) 的搬运工人”，如果考生不认识这个词，也可以由He worked at the station. Every day he was busy carrying heavy things for the people.这两句话了解他的工作性质。因此第一个问题的回答：John’s job was to carry heavy things for the people at station. / He was a porter.
第二个问题是一个推理题，问题:这名旅客要去哪里。由文中这句旅客的问话Can I catch the 10:35 train to London?很容易推断出他要去伦敦。
第三个问题仍要求考生推理得出答案，问题：为什么此人看上去很急的样子朝火车赶去。很显然是因为他在赶火车。对why提问要用because进行回答，第三个问题的回答是Because he wanted to catch the 10:35 train to London.
第四个问题是推理题, 问的是：这名旅客赶到火车站的时间。由下文John的回答The 10:35 train to London left five minutes ago可知火车已开走，这名旅客赶到的时间是大约10: 40，因此第四题的回答是It was about10：40 (twenty to eleven) 。第五个问题是归纳题, 考查考生对文章大意的理解。这个问题的回答实际上就是全文的中心句, 在第一自然段里已做了介绍。He was careful with his work. He was kind to everyone and always ready to help others.
（五）根据内容，从短文后每题的四个选项中选择最佳的一项。
Most people want to work, but it has become more difficult in today’s world to find work for everyone. The economy (经济) of the world needs to grow by 4% each year just to keep the old number of jobs for people. Often this is not possible, and so more people are out of work. Some people have no jobs now because new machines can do the work of many people in short time. Also, machines do not ask for more money and longer holiday. In all of the countries of the world, machines are taking work from people, not only in factories but also on the farms. One machine can often do the work from forty people. About 75,000 people are moving to the cities a day to look for jobs, but only 70% of them can find jobs.
1. It was _______ for people to find work before than today.
A. not possible B. difficult C. more difficult D. easier
2. If the economy of the world grows by 4% each year, _______.
A. people will have no jobs B. people can still have jobs as before
C. 4% of the people will have jobs D. 97% of the people will have jobs
3. One machine can do as much work as _______.
A. 40% of the people B. 4% of the people in the world C. 40 people D. 75,000 people
4. How many people outside cities go into to look for jobs each day?
A. 70% of the people. B. 4% of the people in the world.C. More than 75,000. D. About 75,000 people.
5. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Machines are taking work instead of people.B. Now more people are out of work.
C. Machines need more money and longer holidays.D. Most people want to have jobs.
【解析】
1. 由短文的第一句话It has become more difficult in today’s world to find work for everyone. 可知现在找工作比以前更困难，即以前找工作比现在容易得多。所以答案选D。
2. 由短文的第二句话The economy of the world needs to grow by 4% each year just to keep the old number of jobs for the people. 准确地理解了这一句话的意思就能得出正确答案为B。
3. 由短文的倒数第二句话One machine can often do the work of forty people.可知此题的正确答案为C。
4. 此题根据原文的最后一句话可直接得出答案为D。
5. 此题在原文中都可找到答案，而C答案与作者的观点Machines do not ask for more money and longer holiday.不一致，所以选C。
（六）阅读下面短文，然后回答文后问题。
It’s hard to make friends if you stay at home alone all the time. Get out of the house and do things that will put you in touch with(接触) other people. It’s easier to make friends when you have similar interests.Don’t be afraid to show people what you’re really good at. Talk about the things you like and do best. People will be interested in you if there is something interesting about you.Look at people in the eye when you talk to them. That way, they’ll find it easier to talk to you, or people may think you’re not interested in them and may stop being in-terested in you.Be a good listener. Let people talk about themselves before talking about “me, me, me”. Ask lots of questions. Show an interest in their answers.Try to make friends with the kind of people you really like, respect (尊敬), and admire (羡慕)—not just with those who are easy to meet. Be friendly with a lot of peo-ple. That way, you’ll have a bigger group of people to choose from and have more chances for making friends.
1. How can we have more friends, get in touch with other people or stay at home?
2. When Jim talks to people, he always looks right, left, or at the floor. Do you think it’s right? Why or why not?
3. Cindy always talks about herself when she talks to other people. What advice (it’80 do you think she needs to follow?
4. What should you do if you want to have more chances for making friends?
5. What’s the main idea of the passage?
【解析】
1. Get in touch with other people.回答选择问句不能用Yes或No来回答，而是从选项中选择一项进行回答。本题答案由第1段前两句可知。
2. No. / I don’t think so. Because people may think he’s not interest-ed in them. / Because he should look at people in the eye. / Because it’s impolite / not polite 可在第3段找到答案。
3. Be a good listener. / Let people talk about them-selves before talking about “her, her, her.” / Listen to other people first 可根据第4段的内容来回答。
4. Be friendly with other (a lot of) people. / Try to make friends with the kind of people you really like, respect and admire—not just with those who are easy to meet. / Get out to meet other people.
5.How to make friends / To make friends / Make friends. / Making friends根据首尾段即可概括出。
（七）根据内容，从短文后每题的四个选项中选择最佳的一项。
1990 was a significant year in world events．In February，Nelson Mandela was set free after 27 years in prison．In October，East and West Germany became one country again．Then at the end of 1990，the World Wide Web was born．For this final event we have one man to thank，Tim Berners Lee，the father of the Web．Berners Lee was born on June 8，1955 in London，England．His parents，both computer designers，encouraged him to think and work creatively as he grew up．He was an excellent student and naturally took an interest in computers and science．
After graduating from Oxford University，Tim went to work at a science research centre in Switzerland．There he developed some of the different systems that would later become the Web．The first was HTML，the computer language used to make web pages．The second was an address system that let computers anywhere find each other and send and receive information．In 1990，while still at the science centre in Switzerland，he put them together to make the first Internet browser(浏览器)．It could run on any computer and allowed people to creat website to share their information with the rest of the world．Tim knew that the more people used the Web，the more useful it would be．He wasn't interested in money but knowledge，so he gave out his invention for free to anyone who was interested．Many were interested and the growth of the Internet began．
Today Tim works as a professor at the MIT in America，researching new and interesting ways to use the Web．He has received many awards from governments and organizations for his efforts．He is still not very interested in money．That is why he is so admired by his students and workmates．It may also be one of the reasons that few people outside the world of technology know his name．
阅读短文，根据短文内容选择最佳答案。
( ) 1．The underlined word "significant" (in Paragraph 1) most probably means "_________"．
A．strange B．terrible C．important D．difficult
( ) 2．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A．The address system was used to make web pages．
B．The World Wide Web was created in Switzerland．
C．The first web browser was very expensive to buy．21教育名师原创作品
D．Many people could use the Internet before 1990．
( ) 3．What can we learn about Berners Lee from the passage?
A．He was encouraged to be creative．
B．He didn't do well at school．
C．He is a very poor businessman．
D．He is well known all over the world．
( ) 4．Where does Berners Lee live today?
A．England． B．Switzerland． C．America． D．Canada．
( ) 5．What is the passage mainly about?
A．The events that took place in 1990．B．The history of the Internet．【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
C．The invention of the Internet browser．D．The man who created the Word Wide Web
【解析】
1．C 根据第一段第三、四句话可知，发生在 1990 年的世界事件：东西德统一，World Wide Web 的诞生。由此我们不难推测出，significant 是指“重要，重大”。故选 C。21*cnjy*com
2．B 根据第三段“...an address system that let computers anywhere find each other and send and receive information...”可知选项 A 与此不符；根据第四段可知，Tim 只对知识感兴趣而对金钱并不感兴趣，因此他免费贡献出他的发明 web browser，故选项 C 不正确；根据第一段，我们知道 web 是在 1990 年诞生的，因此 1990 年前，人们不可能使用 web，故排除 D。所以正确答案为 B。
3．A 根据第二段可知，Tim 学习成绩优秀，故排除 B；文中没有提 Tim 是个商人，故排除 C；根据最后一段最后一句话“...few people outside the world of technology know his name．”可知 Tim 并非世界闻名，故排除 D。根据文中第二段“...encouraged him to think and work creatively...”可知正确答案为 A。
4．C 根据最后一段第一句可知 Tim 现在住在美国。
5.D 这篇文章主要介绍的是 Web 之父 Tim Berners Lee．
（八）根据内容，从短文后每题的四个选项中选择最佳的一项。
When you see the girl for the first time，you may think she is a boy．She is very outgoing(外向的)．Who is she? Wang Meng，the Chinese top skater．On the evening of February 26th，2010，Wang Meng first got to the finishing line in 1 minute and 29.213 seconds in the women's 1000 meters short track speed skating final(短道速滑决赛) at the Vancouver Olympic Winter Games(温哥华冬奥会)．After she succeeded in the 500-metre and 3000-metre races，she won her third gold medal this time．With this one China won four gold medals in the women's short track speed skating．That helped China first win the team gold medal in Winter Olympics history．
Just before the final race Wang Meng caught a bad cold and coughed terribly．With the words of "You can，you can do!" she won at last．She said，"I really feel these three gold medals belong to my team，to China．It was with the help of my team that I won the prize．"Though Wang Meng is only twenty-four，she has been the most successful Chinese skater．We are proud of her and her team．We hope she will be faster in Sochi Olympics in 2014．
阅读短文，根据短文内容选择最佳答案。
( ) 1．China won gold medals in the women's short track speed skating．
A．2 B．3 C．4 D．5
( ) 2．It took Wang Meng 1 minute and 29.213 seconds to finish the short track speed skating final．
A．women's 1000 B．men's 1000 C．women's 500 D．men's 500
( ) 3．In Wang Meng's opinion，made her win the prize at last．
A．a strong body B．a bad cold C．her team's help D．much exercise
( ) 4．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A．Wang Meng is very outgoing like a boy．B．Wang Meng is the most successful Chinese skater．
C．Chinese people are proud of Wang Meng and her team．21世纪教育网版权所有
D．China has got the team gold medal twice in Winter Olympics history．【版权所有：21教育】
【解析】
1．C 由第二段倒数第二句“With this one China won four gold medals...”可知正确答案为 C。
2．A 由第二段第一句“...Wang Meng first got to the finishing line in 1 minute and 29.213 seconds in women's 1000 meters...”可知正确答案为 A。
3．C 由第一段最后两句“I really feel these three gold medals belong to my team... with the help of my team that I won the prize．”可知由于团队的帮助她才获得了成功，故正确答案为 C。
D 由第二段最后一句“That helped China first win the team gold medal...”可知 D 项的表述是错误的。
（九）根据内容，从短文后每题的四个选项中选择最佳的一项。
Earthquakes happen without warning(前兆)．They can happen any time of a day，at any point during the year．When an earthquake is happening，you should know what you should do or not do．
Do NOT go outside．You could get injured from falling glass or parts of buildings．If you are outside，stay away from buildings and power lines(输电线)．Stay under a desk，table，or other strong furniture．Hold on to it．Or stay in a corner of the building．Cover your face and head with your arms and cover your mouth with a towel or clothing．Stay inside until shaking stops and it is safe to go outside．
Keep away from windows，pictures or advertisements on the wall or the building，and anything else that could fall and hurt you．Most people get injured by falling things during an earthquake，not by the shaking itself．Also keep away from a fire．You could fall down and burn yourself on the fire．If you are driving when an earthquake happens，stop the car if it's safe．Stay inside your car until the earthquake stops，and don't drive near bridges．Try not to stop by power lines or trees．These could fall and hurt you．
阅读短文，根据短文内容选择最佳答案。
( ) 1．It isn't safe for you to _______ while the earthquake is happening．
A．run out of the building B．stay in a corner of the building
C．cover your head with your arms D．cover your mouth with a towel
( ) 2．From this passage，we know _______．
A．many people fear earthquakes B．earthquakes maybe happen at any time
C．we can't save ourselves in an earthquake
D．people never get injured in earthquakes
( ) 3．The best title for this passage should be "_______"．
A．How Earthquakes Happen B．How to Drive a Car
C．What We Should Do in Earthquakes D．Why Earthquakes Happen
【解析】
1．BCD 三项在第三段可找到答案；根据第二段内容可知 A 项的做法是不安全的，故正确答案为 A。
2．根据第一段前两句可知，地震可能随时会发生，故 B 项为正确答案。
C 通过全文可知本文主要是在介绍发生地震时，我们应该采取哪些措施才能使自己避免受伤，故正确答案为 C。
（十）根据内容，从短文后每题的四个选项中选择最佳的一项。
On February 3rd，1949，New York Harbor(港) was an exciting place．Many people were there to greet a ship from France．On the ship were 49 French railroad boxcars(火车车厢) filled with gifts from the people of France to the people of America．These boxcars were from the famous Merci Train (Merci，a French word meaning "thank you")．After world War Ⅱ(二战)，a lot of factories，roads and farms in France had been destroyed．Many French people had no jobs or money and had little to wear and little to eat．In the winter of 1947，a train was sent across the United States，stopping in cities and towns along the way．At every stop，people gave whatever they could．Factories gave clothing and medicine．Farmers gave food．Families gave money．Even school children gave away their pocket money(零用钱)．All the things were then taken to France by ship．By 1949，the French had begun to recover(恢复) from the war．The Merci Train was their way of saying "thank you" to America．French people had filled the boxcars with gifts．Most of them were personal，like hand-made toys，children's drawings，or postcards．But the boxcars themselves were perhaps the most meaningful of the gifts．On each car，the French people had painted the pictures of all their 40 provinces，with an American eagle on the front．The boxcars were taken to each state of America，where they were warmly greeted．Now many of the states still keep their boxcars．Gifts sent by the French people can still be seen in some museums．The Merci Train came out of the war，but it now reminds the world that countries can also work together in peace(和平)．
阅读短文，根据短文内容选择最佳答案。
( ) 1．Many people crowded at New York Harbor on February 3rd，1949 to ________．
A．welcome the Merci Train B．meet their families
C．have a big party D．start a trip by ship
( ) 2．In 1947，a train stopped in cities across America in order to ________．
A．give away clothing and food B．get more soldiers for the war2·1·c·n·j·y
C．collect things to help French people D．show exhibitions from the museums
( ) 3．The underlined word "them" in Paragraph 3 refers to(指) ________．
A．the American people B．the French people C．the boxcars D．the giftswww-2-1-cnjy-com
( ) 4．The French people painted their 40 provinces and an American eagle on each boxcar because _______．21·cn·jy·com
A．they thought France was stronger than America
B．it could show the friendship between the two countries21*cnjy*com
C．the boxcars would be more beautiful
D．they were very good at painting picture
( ) 5．The passage is mainly about _______．
A．the story of the Merci Train B．American museums where the boxcars are kept
C．gifts that American people liked D．World War Ⅱ
【解析】
1．A 根据第一段内容我们可知许多人来到 New York Harbor 的目的是为了欢迎来自法国的 Merci Train，故正确答案为 A。
2．C 根据“At every stop，people gave whatever they could... All the things were then taken to France by ship．”可以推测出正确答案为 C。
3．D 根据第三段第三句和第四句的 personal，like hand-made toys...”可知 them 指代的是 gifts，故正确答案为 D。
4．B 根据“...the French people had painted the pictures of all their 40 provinces，...where they were warmly greeted．”可以推测出正确答案为 B。
5．A 通过文章内容我们可知整篇文章都是围绕 Merci Train 来写的，故正确答案为 A。
