第十八讲 九年级全 Units5--6
glass (n.)→________ (pl.) 眼镜
leaf (n.) → ________(pl.) 树叶
produce (v.) →_______(n.)产品
wide (adj.)→_____(adv.) 广泛地
please (v.) →_____(n.) 高兴，愉悦
day ( n. ) →_____ (adj.)日常的
nation (n.) →_____ (adj. )国家的，民族的
salt (n.) →______(adj.）咸的
popular(adj.)→_____ (n.)普遍，普及
10 profession(n.) →_______ (adj.) 专业的
11 Canada(n.) →______(adj.)加拿大的；加拿大人的
12 compete (v.)→ _______/_______(n.)比赛/竞争者
13 translate(v.)→______(n.)翻译员
14 German (n.) →_____(pl.)德国人
15 trade (v.)→______ (n.) 生意人
16 postman (n.) →_____(pl.)邮递员
17 custom (v.) → ______(n.)消费者
18 live(v.)→ _______(adj.)生气勃勃的
19 smell →_______(过去式）_________(过去分词）
20 near(prep.)→______ (adv.)几乎
21 history(n.)→______(adj.)历史的________(n.) 历史学家
22 hero (n. )_______(pl.)英雄
以....闻名；为人知晓 ___________________
不论；无论 ___________________
3 由...制成的 _________________
4 手工______________
5 有道理 _________________
6 对.....有好处 _______________
7 实际上 ______________
8 在将来 _______________
9 偶然；意外地 _________________
10 发生；出现 __________________
11 毫无疑问；的确 _______________
12 突然；猛地 _________________
13 错误地；无意中 ________________
14 把....分开 ________________
15 钦佩；仰慕 _________________
16 掉进 ________________
17 在电话上 _______________
18 最后 ________________
19 同时 ___________________
20 想出；提出 _______________
21 梦想 ________________
22 把....译成...._________________
23 全世界 _____________________
24 处于困境中 _________________
25 根据.... ________________
◆考点 1 avoid v. 避免；回避
eg: He has been avoiding me all w整整一个星期他一直在回避我。
eek.
考向：avoid后接动词的-ing 形式。
eg : He can hardly avoid playing computer games all day .
他几乎不可避免整天玩电脑游戏。
◆考点突破
（2016，湖南）为了避免撞到卡车，他撞到了墙上，胳膊伤得很厉害。
To ______ hitting the truck , he ran into the wall and his arm was ______ hurt . 21世纪教育网版权所有
◆考点2 everyday adj. 每天的；日常的
eg : What everyday activities do you take part in ?21教育网
你参加什么日常活动？
考向1 : 辨析everyday 与 every day
everyday
every day
含义
每天的；日常的
每天
词义
形容词
副词短语
成分
定语，修饰词
状语，修饰动词
例句
The weather influences everyone’s everyday life .
天气影响着每个人的日常生活。
He picks tea leaves every day . 他每天采摘茶叶。
考向2：拓展：everyone 和 every one
everyone
是一个词，只用来指人，等于everybody,在它后面不能跟介词of
Not everyone (everybody) in the USA is rich. 在美国并不是人人都富裕。
every one
是两个词，既可用来指人，也可用来指物，等于each one , 后面可跟介词of
Every one of the children likes this game. 每个孩子都喜欢这个游戏。
◆考点突破
2 （2016，上海改编）They can practice their foreign languages and experience _______ life in different cultures. (every day / everyday)
（2016，湖北）Sue has many nice dresses. She wears a different one every day _____ the week . 2-1-c-n-j-y
A of B. from C. at D. for
（2016，江苏盐城） I think coffee tastes good , but not _____ likes drinking it . 21·世纪*教育网
A somebody B. anybody C. nobody D. everybody
◆考点3 Germany n.
eg : Germany is also a European country . 德国也是一个欧洲国家。
考向：Germany 去掉字母y成为对应的German(德国人）,其复数为Germans .
拓展
国家
语言
国人
国家/人的
备注
China
Chinese
Chinese
Chinese
单复数相同
Japan
Japanese
Japanese
Japanese
单复数相同
America
English
American
American
Americans
England
English
Englishman
English
Englishmen
France
French
Frenchman
French
Frenchmen
Italy
Italian
Italian
Italian
Italians
Russia
Russian
Russian
Russian
Russians
Brazil
Brazilian
Brazilian
Brazilian
Brazilians
Canada
Canadian
Canadian
Canadian
Canadians
Australia
Australian
Australian
Australian
Australians
◆考点突破
5（2017,四川广安）-----Are there any ______ in your school ?
-----Yes, there are .
A Germen B. Germans C. German
(2017,贵州遵义） There are six ______(French) talking loudly in the room . 【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
考点4 lively adj.生机勃勃的，（色彩）鲜艳的
考向：辨析lively , lovely , alive , living , live
lively 活泼的，活跃的
形容词
She had a sweet and lively personality . 她有着可爱活泼的性格。
lovely 可爱的，美好的
形容词
She looked particularly lovely that night . 她那天晚上特别妩媚动人。
alive活着的
形容词作表语
No one know whether he is dead or alive . 没有人知道他是死还是活。
living 活着的；生计；收入
形容词，名词
She has no living relatives. 她没有活着的亲人。
To make a living , Verne had to write stories . 为了维持生计，凡尔纳不得不写小说。
live直播的；活生生的
形容词通常作定语
They watch all the live matches .
他们每一场直播比赛都必看。
◆考点突破
How stressful these days are ! It’s good to hear you _____ voice again. I feel ______ now . www-2-1-cnjy-com
A living ; living B. lovely ; alive
C living ; alive D. lovely ; living
考点5 compete v. /adj.
complete
形容词
完整的，整个的
I have got a complete set of Shakespeare’s plays . 我有一整套莎士比亚全集。
动词
完成，结束
I need one more stamp before my collection is completed .我所集的邮票差一张才成整套。
completely
副词
完整地，完全地
I completely forgot that it was your birthday . 我把那天是你的生日忘得一干二净。
◆考点突破
（2016，兰州）People in Lanzhou are glad that a modern subway _____ in several years .
A will complete
B will be completed
C has completed
D is completed
考点6 pleasure n. 高兴；愉快
考向1 ：辨析pleasure , pleasant 与pleased
含义
词性
修饰
例子
pleasure
高兴；乐趣
名词
It gives me much pleasure to be with you 和你在一起给了我许多乐趣。
pleasant
令人愉快的
形容词
物
It’s a pleasant vacation 那是一个令人愉快的假期。
pleased
感到高兴的
形容词
人
I’m pleased to see you . 见到你我很高兴。
考向2： pleasant反义词unpleasant令人不愉快的
◆考点突破
(2017,山东）----Would you help me clean up the classroom, Bill?
----_______
A Yes, quite right
B. Never mind
C . That’s all right
D. Sure , with please
（2016，浙江） My parents told me Mr. Smith was really ______ with my work last term . (please )www.21-cn-jy.com
考点7 doubt n. 疑惑；疑问 v.
考向1：作动词
（肯定句）中后面可接if或whether
I doubt if (或whether) he will win .
我怀疑他能否赢。
在否定句及疑问句中可跟that从句
I don’t doubt that he will win 我毫不怀疑他会成功。Do you doubt that he will win ? 你怀疑他会成功吗？
doubt of 对....抱怀疑或悲观态度
The project began badly and we doubt of its further progress. 这项工程开始就不顺利，我们怀疑它能否继续进行。
考向2：作名词
no doubt
毫无疑问
接that 从句或介词of
We have no doubt that you will succeed = We have no doubt of your success. 我们毫不怀疑你会成功。
There is (It is 误）no doubt that you will succeed. 毫无疑问，李鹏是他班里最好的学生。
without doubt
毫无疑问
Li Peng is without doubt the best student in his class . 毫无疑问，李鹏是他班里最好的学生。
◆考点突破
（2017，安徽）He is an honest boy . I have no reason to ______ what he said. 2·1·c·n·j·y
A hear B. doubt C. repeat D. believe
考点8 divide...into 把...分开
考向： 辨析separate 与divide
divide
把一个整合分成若干部分，常和介词into连用
The world is divided into five continents . 世界分成五大洲。
separate
把原来连在一起或靠近的分隔开来，常和from 连用。
We’d better separate the good ones from the bad ones. 我们最好把好的和坏的分开。
◆考点突破
12 （2017，湖北) Usually we _______ some groups to practice conversations in English class . (divide )21*cnjy*com
◆ 一般现在时的被动语态
主动语态和被动语态
在英语中，动词有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态用在主动句中， 被动语态用在被动句中。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。实际上被动句的主语是由主动句中的宾语转变而来的，因此这个谓语动词必须是及物动词。被动语态是由“助动词+be+ 及物动词的过去分词”构成。当然，被动语态有多种时态，它的时态变化都体现在助动词be上，后面的过去分不变。 被动句中的谓语动词的执行者可由by引出， 意为“被，由”，往往放在句末。如不强调动作的执行者时，可省略。
Many people speak English (主动语态）许多人讲英语。
English is spoken by many people (被动语态） 英语被许多人讲。
一般现在时的被动语态
①一般现在时的被动语态的构成：在一般现在时态的句子中，被动语态由“be(am,is,are)+及物动词的过去分词”构成。 助动词“be”随人称、数的变化而改变。 21·cn·jy·com
This knife is made of wood and metal.这把刀是由木头和金属制造的。
Bananas are produced in Hainan . 香蕉在海南种植。
I am taken care of by my uncle .我由我的叔叔照顾。
②被动语态的用法：当说话不知道动作的执行者或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，只需要强调动作的承受者，可以使用被动语态。如果需要在被动语态中指出动作的执行者时由介词by引导。
Chinese is spoken by the largest number of people in the world . 汉语是世界上为最多人所讲的语言。 21cnjy.com
③主动语态改写成被动语态的方法“将主动句的宾语变成主语，将主句的谓语变成被动式“be+及物动词的过去分词”，主动句的主语变成被动句中by有宾语（或省略）【版权所有：21教育】
如下：
主动句： 主语+谓语+宾语
被动句： 主语+be+及物动词的过去分词+by+宾语
Most middle school students play football →Football is played by most middle school students . 大部分学生踢足球。 21*cnjy*com
如果主动句中有两个宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语） ，可以把其中任意一个变成被动句的主语。
My teacher gives me a lot of books (主动语态） 我的老师给我许多书。
主语 谓语 间宾 直宾
被动语态：I am given a lot of books by my teacher .
被动语态： A lot of books are given to me by my teacher .
④被动语态的句式变化
一般疑问句形式：被动语态的疑问句形式是在肯定句的基础上，把be 动词提到句首，在句末加问号构成的。
Is the kite made by Xiao Ming ?这个风筝是由肖明做的吗？
其肯定回答和否定回答分别为：Yes, it is (是的，它是） / No, it isn’t (不，它不是）21教育名师原创作品
B 否定形式：被动语态的否定形式是在肯定句中的助动词be后加not构成。
The cake isn’t made by his mother . 蛋糕不是他妈妈做的。
◆考点突破
（2017?广州）根据所给的汉语内容，用英语完成下列句子。（每空限填一词）
在中国到处都有人打羽毛球。
In China , badminton ________ _______ everywhere .
(2017,福州）----Excuse me , sir, smoking ______ in the gas station .
A doesn’t allow B. isn’t allowed C. aren’t allowed
◆一般过去时的被动语态
一般过去时的被动语态：
①一般过去时的被动语态的构成:was/were+及物动词的过去分词。
The desk was made by my father 这张桌子是由我的爸爸做的。
They were invented by Julie Thompson. 它们是由朱莉汤普森发明的。
②句式变化：肯定句：主语+was/were+及物动词的过去分词+其他。
否定句： 主语+wasn’t /weren’t +及物动词的过去分词+其他。
一般疑问句：Was/Were +主语+及物动词的过去分词+其他？
回答：Yes, 主语+was /were
No, 主语+was/weren’t .
各种时态的被动语态形式归纳（以give 为例）
一般时态
进行时态
完成时态
现在
am/is/are given
am/is /are being given
has/ have been given
过去
was / were given
was /were being given
had been given
将来
shall/ will be given
shall / will have been given
过去
将来
should / would be given
shall / will have been given
含有情态动词
can /should/ must / may be given
被动语态主要在下面几种情况中使用：
①不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行是谁时。
Such books are written for children 这些书是为儿童写的。
We haven’t been told about it . 没有人通知我们这件事。
②动作的承受者是谈话的中心（这时可带由by 引起的短语）
The book was written by Mo Yan . 这本书是由莫言写的。
Man-made satellites have been send up into space by many countries . 许多国家已身太空发射了人造卫星。
③出于礼貌等方面的考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁。
He was asked to give a talk about how to learn English well . 他被要求作关于怎样学好英语的报告。 【出处：21教育名师】
被动语态的主意事项：
①“主语+连系动词+表语”的句子没有被动语态 。
②there be 结构没有被动语态。
③主动句中宾语是反身代词的没有被动语态。
④句子是主谓结构时，没有被动语态。也就是说， 不及物动词没有被动语态。
⑤有些不及物动词加介词构成及物动词短语，如果变被动语态，不能把动词后的介词丢掉。
He looks after his younger sister. →His younger sister is looked after by him.
他照看他妹妹。
⑥在主动语态中，在make , let , hear , see , watch , notice 等词后跟省略to的动词不定式， 但在被动语态中，to 不可省略。
We saw a stranger enter the hall →A stranger was seen to enter the ball by us . 我们看到一个陌生人进入了大厅。
◆考点突破
（2016，陕西） The mobile phone has influenced people’s life a lot since it _____ .
A invents B. invented C. is invented D. was invented
（2017，广西玉林）Many houses _____ in the earthquake of April 20,2013 in Ya’an .
A is destroyed B. are destroyed C. was destroyed D. were destroyed
选择题
This kind of bike _____ in Suzhou.
A is made B. makes C. is making D. made
_____ tea plants grown in Hangzhou?
A Do B. Did C. Is D. Are
----Is it used for cutting things ?
-----_______ .
A Yes, it is B. No, it is C. Yes, it isn’t D. No , it used
English is used _____ most people in the world .
A for B. as C. by D. to
New computers ______ all over the world .
A is used B. are using C. are used D. have used
English is used _____ travelers and business people all over the world .
A to B. for C by D. as
I think these coats are ______ wool .
A made of B. made from C. made into D. made up of
_____ the morning of September 8th , many visitors arrived _____ the train station for a tour .
A In; at B. On; to C. In; in D. On; at
It’s used _____ .
A to writing B. for writing C. for write D. write
Salt _____often ______ in Qinghai.
A is; done B. makes ; / C is; produces D. is ; produced
-----_____ are these cars made ?
---- In Beijing .
A Where B. What C. When D. How
English is also widely used in many _______ countries in the world .
A another B. others C. the other D. other
This kind of bicycle _____ in the shop near our school .
A sells B. sell C. has sold D. is sold
We won’t allow______ in the cinema. But you’re allowed ______ in the restroom .
A smoking ; smoking B. to smoke ; to smoke
C smoking ; to smoke D. smoke ; smoke
He avoided _______ my questions .
A answer B to answer C. answering D. answered
Annie _______ to the party . She had a wonderful time with us .
A invites B. is invited C. was invited D. has invited
---- “frog” , Mo Yan’s latest novel , please !
----Sorry , it _______ just now . But it will come out again soon .
A sold out B. is sold out C. has sold out D. was sold out
On June 11th , 2016, Shenzhou-10 carrying three astronauts ______ into space from the space center in Jiuquan . All the Chinese people are proud of its successful launch . 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
A sent up B. are sent up C. is sent up D was sent up
Do you know when the first train _______ in China ?
A was produced B. is produce C produced
----Have you heard about that car accident near the school ?
Yes , luckily no one _____ .
A hurt B. was hurt C. has hurt D. were hurt .
Edison was a great ______ . He ______ over 1,000 _____ during his life .
A invent ; invented ; inventions B. inventor ; invented ; invention
C inventor ; invented ; inventions D inventor ; invents ; inventions
The number of books in the bookshop is about 10,000 and a number of them ______ about Chinese .
A is B. was C. are D. were
Walk along the street and you will find the past office ______ .
A to the end B. at the end C. on the end D. for the end
Many students enjoy the book Harry Potter ______ by J.K.Rowling .
A wrote B. was written C. was writing D. written
She took my book _____ .
A by mistaken B. by mistake C. by mistakes D. by a mistake
The little boy ______ the river . People nearby hurried to pull him out of it .
A fell to B. fell into C. fell off D. fell over
Pizza is read now, and it ______ nice . Would you like some ?
A smells B. feels C. sounds D. /
_____ people come to visit the beautiful lake every year .
A Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of
______ John failed to climb to the top of the mountain several times, he didn’t give up .
A Although B. Because C. Whether D Unless
I will be away for _______ . Please look after my pet dog .
A sometimes B. some times C. some time D. sometime
第十八讲 九年级全 Units5--6
glass (n.)→glasses (pl.) 眼镜
leaf (n.) → leaves (pl.) 树叶
produce (v.) →product (n.)产品
wide (adj.)→ widely(adv.) 广泛地
please (v.) →pleasure (n.) 高兴，愉悦
day ( n. ) →daily (adj.)日常的
nation (n.) →national (adj. )国家的，民族的
salt (n.) → salty(adj.）咸的
popular(adj.)→popularity (n.)普遍，普及
10 profession(n.) →professional (adj.) 专业的
11 Canada(n.) →Canadian(adj.)加拿大的；加拿大人的
12 compete (v.)→ competition /competitor (n.)比赛/竞争者
13 translate(v.)→translator(n.)翻译员
14 German (n.) →Germans(pl.)德国人
15 trade (v.)→trader (n.) 生意人
16 postman (n.) →postmen(pl.)邮递员
17 custom (v.) → customer (n.)消费者
18 live(v.)→ lively (adj.)生气勃勃的
19 smell →smelt/smelled (过去式）smelt/smelled(过去分词）
20 near(prep.)→nearly (adv.)几乎
21 history(n.)→historical (adj.)历史的 historian (n.) 历史学家
22 hero (n. )heroes (pl.)英雄
以....闻名；为人知晓 be known / famous for
不论；无论 no matter
3 由...制成的 be made of /from
4 手工 by hand
5 有道理 have a point
6 对.....有好处 be good for
7 实际上 in fact
8 在将来 in the future
9 偶然；意外地 by accident
10 发生；出现 take place
11 毫无疑问；的确 without doubt
12 突然；猛地 all of a sudden
13 错误地；无意中 by mistake
14 把....分开 divide ...into
15 钦佩；仰慕 look up to
16 掉进 fall into
17 在电话上 on the phone /telephone
18 最后 in the end
19 同时 at the same time
20 想出；提出 come up with
21 梦想 dream of
22 把....译成.... translate...into...
23 全世界 all over the world /around the world
24 处于困境中 in trouble
25 根据.... according to
◆考点 1 avoid v. 避免；回避
eg: He has been avoiding me all w整整一个星期他一直在回避我。
eek.
考向：avoid后接动词的-ing 形式。
eg : He can hardly avoid playing computer games all day .
他几乎不可避免整天玩电脑游戏。
◆考点突破
（2016，湖南）为了避免撞到卡车，他撞到了墙上，胳膊伤得很厉害。
To ______ hitting the truck , he ran into the wall and his arm was ______ hurt . 【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
【答案】avoid ; badly
◆考点2 everyday adj. 每天的；日常的
eg : What everyday activities do you take part in ?
你参加什么日常活动？
考向1 : 辨析everyday 与 every day
everyday
every day
含义
每天的；日常的
每天
词义
形容词
副词短语
成分
定语，修饰词
状语，修饰动词
例句
The weather influences everyone’s everyday life .
天气影响着每个人的日常生活。
He picks tea leaves every day . 他每天采摘茶叶。
考向2：拓展：everyone 和 every one
everyone
是一个词，只用来指人，等于everybody,在它后面不能跟介词of
Not everyone (everybody) in the USA is rich. 在美国并不是人人都富裕。
every one
是两个词，既可用来指人，也可用来指物，等于each one , 后面可跟介词of
Every one of the children likes this game. 每个孩子都喜欢这个游戏。
◆考点突破
2 （2016，上海改编）They can practice their foreign languages and experience _______ life in different cultures. (every day / everyday)
【答案】everyday
【解析】。此处修饰名词life作定语
（2016，湖北）Sue has many nice dresses. She wears a different one every day _____ the week . 21世纪教育网版权所有
A of B. from C. at D. for
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词的用法。介词of 在句中表示所有关系。Every day of the week 意为“一周的每一天”。2·1·c·n·j·y
（2016，江苏盐城） I think coffee tastes good , but not _____ likes drinking it .
A somebody B. anybody C. nobody D. everybody
【答案】D
【解析】此处everybody 等于everyone , 与not 连用表示部分否定。
◆考点3 Germany n.
eg : Germany is also a European country . 德国也是一个欧洲国家。
考向：Germany 去掉字母y成为对应的German(德国人）,其复数为Germans .
拓展
国家
语言
国人
国家/人的
备注
China
Chinese
Chinese
Chinese
单复数相同
Japan
Japanese
Japanese
Japanese
单复数相同
America
English
American
American
Americans
England
English
Englishman
English
Englishmen
France
French
Frenchman
French
Frenchmen
Italy
Italian
Italian
Italian
Italians
Russia
Russian
Russian
Russian
Russians
Brazil
Brazilian
Brazilian
Brazilian
Brazilians
Canada
Canadian
Canadian
Canadian
Canadians
Australia
Australian
Australian
Australian
Australians
◆考点突破
5（2017,四川广安）-----Are there any ______ in your school ?
-----Yes, there are .
A Germen B. Germans C. German
[答案] B
[解析] 本题考查名词复数形式。由句中be 动词are 可知此处应为名词复数形式，German的复数形式为Germans . 21教育网
(2017,贵州遵义） There are six ______(French) talking loudly in the room . 【出处：21教育名师】
[答案]Frenchmen
[解析] 考查There be +sb+ doing 句式。Frenchman 的复数形式应变为Frenchmen . 【版权所有：21教育】
考点4 lively adj.生机勃勃的，（色彩）鲜艳的
考向：辨析lively , lovely , alive , living , live
lively 活泼的，活跃的
形容词
She had a sweet and lively personality . 她有着可爱活泼的性格。
lovely 可爱的，美好的
形容词
She looked particularly lovely that night . 她那天晚上特别妩媚动人。
alive活着的
形容词作表语
No one know whether he is dead or alive . 没有人知道他是死还是活。
living 活着的；生计；收入
形容词，名词
She has no living relatives. 她没有活着的亲人。
To make a living , Verne had to write stories . 为了维持生计，凡尔纳不得不写小说。
live直播的；活生生的
形容词通常作定语
They watch all the live matches .
他们每一场直播比赛都必看。
◆考点突破
How stressful these days are ! It’s good to hear you _____ voice again. I feel ______ now . 21*cnjy*com
A living ; living B. lovely ; alive
C living ; alive D. lovely ; living
[答案] B
[解析] “这些天真压抑。再听到你可爱的声音真好，现在我感觉活过来了。”lovely “可爱的”修饰嗓音；feel 为系动词，后面接表语。
考点5 compete v. /adj.
complete
形容词
完整的，整个的
I have got a complete set of Shakespeare’s plays . 我有一整套莎士比亚全集。
动词
完成，结束
I need one more stamp before my collection is completed .我所集的邮票差一张才成整套。
completely
副词
完整地，完全地
I completely forgot that it was your birthday . 我把那天是你的生日忘得一干二净。
◆考点突破
（2016，兰州）People in Lanzhou are glad that a modern subway _____ in several years . 2-1-c-n-j-y
A will complete
B will be completed
C has completed
D is completed
[答案] B
[解析] 由时间状语 in several years “几年之后”知，应用一般将来时，subway作主语，应用将来时的被动语态。 21cnjy.com
考点6 pleasure n. 高兴；愉快
考向1 ：辨析pleasure , pleasant 与pleased
含义
词性
修饰
例子
pleasure
高兴；乐趣
名词
It gives me much pleasure to be with you 和你在一起给了我许多乐趣。
pleasant
令人愉快的
形容词
物
It’s a pleasant vacation 那是一个令人愉快的假期。
pleased
感到高兴的
形容词
人
I’m pleased to see you . 见到你我很高兴。
考向2： pleasant反义词unpleasant令人不愉快的
◆考点突破
(2017,山东）----Would you help me clean up the classroom, Bill?
----_______
A Yes, quite right
B. Never mind
C . That’s all right
D. Sure , with please
[答案] D
[解析] 考察情景交际的运用。 句意“你帮我打扫教室好吗。比尔？”A的意思为“是的，很对”；B的意思为“不介意，没关系”；C 的意思为“不客气，不用谢”；D 的意思为“当然可以，愿意效劳”
（2016，浙江） My parents told me Mr. Smith was really ______ with my work last term . (please )21*cnjy*com
[答案] pleasant
[解析] 此处pleasant 修饰物，表示“令人愉快的”。
考点7 doubt n. 疑惑；疑问 v.
考向1：作动词
（肯定句）中后面可接if或whether
I doubt if (或whether) he will win .
我怀疑他能否赢。
在否定句及疑问句中可跟that从句
I don’t doubt that he will win 我毫不怀疑他会成功。Do you doubt that he will win ? 你怀疑他会成功吗？
doubt of 对....抱怀疑或悲观态度
The project began badly and we doubt of its further progress. 这项工程开始就不顺利，我们怀疑它能否继续进行。
考向2：作名词
no doubt
毫无疑问
接that 从句或介词of
We have no doubt that you will succeed = We have no doubt of your success. 我们毫不怀疑你会成功。
There is (It is 误）no doubt that you will succeed. 毫无疑问，李鹏是他班里最好的学生。
without doubt
毫无疑问
Li Peng is without doubt the best student in his class . 毫无疑问，李鹏是他班里最好的学生。
◆考点突破
（2017，安徽）He is an honest boy . I have no reason to ______ what he said. 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
A hear B. doubt C. repeat D. believe
[答案] B
[解析] 由语境an honest boy 知，我没有理由怀疑他所说的话。
考点8 divide...into 把...分开
考向： 辨析separate 与divide
divide
把一个整合分成若干部分，常和介词into连用
The world is divided into five continents . 世界分成五大洲。
separate
把原来连在一起或靠近的分隔开来，常和from 连用。
We’d better separate the good ones from the bad ones. 我们最好把好的和坏的分开。
◆考点突破
12 （2017，湖北) Usually we _______ some groups to practice conversations in English class . (divide )
[答案] are divided into
◆ 一般现在时的被动语态
主动语态和被动语态
在英语中，动词有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态用在主动句中， 被动语态用在被动句中。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。实际上被动句的主语是由主动句中的宾语转变而来的，因此这个谓语动词必须是及物动词。被动语态是由“助动词+be+ 及物动词的过去分词”构成。当然，被动语态有多种时态，它的时态变化都体现在助动词be上，后面的过去分不变。 被动句中的谓语动词的执行者可由by引出， 意为“被，由”，往往放在句末。如不强调动作的执行者时，可省略。
Many people speak English (主动语态）许多人讲英语。
English is spoken by many people (被动语态） 英语被许多人讲。
一般现在时的被动语态
①一般现在时的被动语态的构成：在一般现在时态的句子中，被动语态由“be(am,is,are)+及物动词的过去分词”构成。 助动词“be”随人称、数的变化而改变。
This knife is made of wood and metal.这把刀是由木头和金属制造的。
Bananas are produced in Hainan . 香蕉在海南种植。
I am taken care of by my uncle .我由我的叔叔照顾。
②被动语态的用法：当说话不知道动作的执行者或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，只需要强调动作的承受者，可以使用被动语态。如果需要在被动语态中指出动作的执行者时由介词by引导。
Chinese is spoken by the largest number of people in the world . 汉语是世界上为最多人所讲的语言。
③主动语态改写成被动语态的方法“将主动句的宾语变成主语，将主句的谓语变成被动式“be+及物动词的过去分词”，主动句的主语变成被动句中by有宾语（或省略）
如下：
主动句： 主语+谓语+宾语
被动句： 主语+be+及物动词的过去分词+by+宾语
Most middle school students play football →Football is played by most middle school students . 大部分学生踢足球。
如果主动句中有两个宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语） ，可以把其中任意一个变成被动句的主语。
My teacher gives me a lot of books (主动语态） 我的老师给我许多书。
主语 谓语 间宾 直宾
被动语态：I am given a lot of books by my teacher .
被动语态： A lot of books are given to me by my teacher .
④被动语态的句式变化
一般疑问句形式：被动语态的疑问句形式是在肯定句的基础上，把be 动词提到句首，在句末加问号构成的。
Is the kite made by Xiao Ming ?这个风筝是由肖明做的吗？
其肯定回答和否定回答分别为：Yes, it is (是的，它是） / No, it isn’t (不，它不是）
B 否定形式：被动语态的否定形式是在肯定句中的助动词be后加not构成。
The cake isn’t made by his mother . 蛋糕不是他妈妈做的。
◆考点突破
（2017?广州）根据所给的汉语内容，用英语完成下列句子。（每空限填一词）
在中国到处都有人打羽毛球。
In China , badminton ________ _______ everywhere .
【答案】is played
【解析】本题考查被动语态。由句意可知时态为一般现在时，且badminton是动作的承受者，因此用一般现在时的被动语态；badminton作主语，be动词用is , play 的过去分词为played .
(2017,福州）----Excuse me , sir, smoking ______ in the gas station .
A doesn’t allow B. isn’t allowed C. aren’t allowed
【答案】B
【解析】由上句句意“对不起， 先生，在加油站吸烟是不被允许的”可知要用一般现在时的被动语态的否定形式。动词-ing形式作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，故选B。
◆一般过去时的被动语态
一般过去时的被动语态：
①一般过去时的被动语态的构成:was/were+及物动词的过去分词。
The desk was made by my father 这张桌子是由我的爸爸做的。
They were invented by Julie Thompson. 它们是由朱莉汤普森发明的。
②句式变化：肯定句：主语+was/were+及物动词的过去分词+其他。
否定句： 主语+wasn’t /weren’t +及物动词的过去分词+其他。
一般疑问句：Was/Were +主语+及物动词的过去分词+其他？
回答：Yes, 主语+was /were
No, 主语+was/weren’t .
各种时态的被动语态形式归纳（以give 为例）
一般时态
进行时态
完成时态
现在
am/is/are given
am/is /are being given
has/ have been given
过去
was / were given
was /were being given
had been given
将来
shall/ will be given
shall / will have been given
过去
将来
should / would be given
shall / will have been given
含有情态动词
can /should/ must / may be given
被动语态主要在下面几种情况中使用：
①不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行是谁时。
Such books are written for children 这些书是为儿童写的。
We haven’t been told about it . 没有人通知我们这件事。
②动作的承受者是谈话的中心（这时可带由by 引起的短语）
The book was written by Mo Yan . 这本书是由莫言写的。
Man-made satellites have been send up into space by many countries . 许多国家已身太空发射了人造卫星。
③出于礼貌等方面的考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁。
He was asked to give a talk about how to learn English well . 他被要求作关于怎样学好英语的报告。
被动语态的主意事项：
①“主语+连系动词+表语”的句子没有被动语态 。
②there be 结构没有被动语态。
③主动句中宾语是反身代词的没有被动语态。
④句子是主谓结构时，没有被动语态。也就是说， 不及物动词没有被动语态。
⑤有些不及物动词加介词构成及物动词短语，如果变被动语态，不能把动词后的介词丢掉。
He looks after his younger sister. →His younger sister is looked after by him.
他照看他妹妹。
⑥在主动语态中，在make , let , hear , see , watch , notice 等词后跟省略to的动词不定式， 但在被动语态中，to 不可省略。
We saw a stranger enter the hall →A stranger was seen to enter the ball by us . 我们看到一个陌生人进入了大厅。
◆考点突破
（2016，陕西） The mobile phone has influenced people’s life a lot since it _____ .
A invents B. invented C. is invented D. was invented
【答案】D
【解析】句中it 指代前面的the mobile phone “手机”，是动作invent的承受者，故用被动语态，可排除A,B两项。主句是现在完成时态，since引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时态。一般过去时的被动语态结构为“was/were+及物动词的过去分词”。 句意：手机自发明以来对人们的生活影响很大。”
（2017，广西玉林）Many houses _____ in the earthquake of April 20,2013 in Ya’an .
A is destroyed B. are destroyed C. was destroyed D. were destroyed
【答案】D
【解析】A 项为一般现在时的被动语态，单数；B项为一般现在时的被动语态，单数；D项为一般过去时的被动语态，复数。根据主语many houses 为复数形式可排除A，C两项，由时间状语可知时态为一般过去时，所以选D 项。
选择题
This kind of bike _____ in Suzhou.
A is made B. makes C. is making D. made
【答案】A
【解析】由句意“这种自行车是苏州制造的”可知自行车是make 的承受者，故句子要用被动语态be done的形式，所以选A。
_____ tea plants grown in Hangzhou?
A Do B. Did C. Is D. Are
【答案】D
【解析】由句意“杭州种植茶树吗？”知茶树是“被种植”的，所以要用被动语态，该句主语为复数，所以be 要用are,故答案D。
----Is it used for cutting things ?
-----_______ .
A Yes, it is B. No, it is C. Yes, it isn’t D. No , it used
【答案】A
【解析】Is it ....?的肯定回答用Yes, it is , 否定回答用No, it isn’t . 所以选 A 。 www-2-1-cnjy-com
English is used _____ most people in the world .
A for B. as C. by D. to
【答案】C
【解析】句意为“英语被世界上大部分人使用”。在被动语态的句子中，用by引出动作的执行者，故选C。
New computers ______ all over the world .
A is used B. are using C. are used D. have used
【答案】C
【解析】由句意“新型的电脑在全世界被使用”知new computers 作主语，use动词要用被动语态，主语为复数形式，所以以be用are , 故为C。
English is used _____ travelers and business people all over the world .
A to B. for C by D. as
【答案】C
【解析】be used by 意为“被...使用”，by后接谓语动词的执行者。句意“全世界的游客和商人都使用英语”。
I think these coats are ______ wool .
A made of B. made from C. made into D. made up of
【答案】A
【解析】句意“我认为这些大衣是羊毛制成的”。be made of 意为“由...制成的”，通常从产品能看出原材料；be made from 意为“由...制成的”，通之中从产品看不出原材料；be made into 意为“被制成为....”, into后是制成品；be made up of 意为“由...组成”；强调主语是由两部分或两部分以上构成或组成。由句意知答案为A。
_____ the morning of September 8th , many visitors arrived _____ the train station for a tour .
A In; at B. On; to C. In; in D. On; at
【答案】D
【解析】表示在具体的某一天的上午、下行或晚上用介词on，故排除A,C两项；表达“到达某地”时，用arrive in (后接大地方）或arrive at (后接小地方）,由the train station 可知其前应用介词at , 故选D。
It’s used _____ .
A to writing B. for writing C. for write D. write
【答案】B
【解析】be used for doing sth “被用于做某事”，故选B。
Salt _____often ______ in Qinghai.
A is; done B. makes ; / C is; produces D. is ; produced
【答案】D
【解析】由句意“食盐通常是在青海生产的”可知salt是动作的承受者，故用被动语态结构，排除B,C两项；“生产”这produce，所以D。
-----_____ are these cars made ?
---- In Beijing .
A Where B. What C. When D. How
【答案】A
【解析】由答句In Beijing 可判断问句是问“地点”。
English is also widely used in many _______ countries in the world .
A another B. others C. the other D. other
【答案】D
【解析】many other countries 意为“许多其他国家”。Another意为“另一个，再一个，”其后接单数名词；others 意为“其他的”，是代词，其后不接名词；the other 意为“另一个”，表示两个当中的另一个，常用于“one... the other...” 结构中；other 意为“别的，；其他的”，为形容词；其后可接复数名词。 www.21-cn-jy.com
This kind of bicycle _____ in the shop near our school .
A sells B. sell C. has sold D. is sold
【答案】D
【解析】由句意”这种自行车在我们学校附近的商店里出售”可判断自行车是被出售的，故要用被动语态结构。 21教育名师原创作品
We won’t allow______ in the cinema. But you’re allowed ______ in the restroom .
A smoking ; smoking B. to smoke ; to smoke
C smoking ; to smoke D. smoke ; smoke
【答案】C
【解析】此题考查allow的用法。题目中第一句为主动语态，第二句为被动语态；allow在主动语态的句子中后接doing , 在被动语态的句子中为be allowed to do sth , 所以选C。
He avoided _______ my questions .
A answer B to answer C. answering D. answered
【答案】C
【解析】avoid doing sth 意为“避免做某事”，为固定短语。
Annie _______ to the party . She had a wonderful time with us .
A invites B. is invited C. was invited D. has invited
【答案】C
【解析】前句句意为“安妮被邀请去参加了聚会”，故句子要用被动语态，排除A，D 两项，由后句时态推知“被邀请”也是发生在过去，故用一般过去时，所以选C。
---- “frog” , Mo Yan’s latest novel , please !
----Sorry , it _______ just now . But it will come out again soon .
A sold out B. is sold out C. has sold out D. was sold out
【答案】D
【解析】空格处句意为“抱歉，它刚刚被卖完”，因此用被动语态；又由句中时间状语just now可知一般过去时态，所以答案为D。
On June 11th , 2016, Shenzhou-10 carrying three astronauts ______ into space from the space center in Jiuquan . All the Chinese people are proud of its successful launch . 21·cn·jy·com
A sent up B. are sent up C. is sent up D was sent up
【答案】D
【解析】由On June 11th, 2016可知该句时态为一般过去时，排除B项；主语Shenzhou-10可知用一般过去时态，所以答案为D。
Do you know when the first train _______ in China ?
A was produced B. is produce C produced
【答案】A
【解析】the first train 与produce之间这被动关系，所以用被动语态。句意为：“你知道在中国第一辆火车是什么时候被制造的吗？”根据句意可知句子时态应用一般过去进， 所以选A。 21·世纪*教育网
----Have you heard about that car accident near the school ?
Yes , luckily no one _____ .
A hurt B. was hurt C. has hurt D. were hurt .
【答案】B
【解析】由主语no one 可知，谓语动词要用单数形式，故排除A，D 两项；由答语句意“是的，幸运的是没有人受伤”可知要用被动语态，故选 B 。
Edison was a great ______ . He ______ over 1,000 _____ during his life .
A invent ; invented ; inventions B. inventor ; invented ; invention
C inventor ; invented ; inventions D inventor ; invents ; inventions
【答案】C
【解析】inventor是表示人的名词，意为“发明家”；invent为动词“发明”， 由was 可知用一般过去时，故选C。句意：爱迪生是一位伟大的发明家。他一生中发明了1000多项发明。
The number of books in the bookshop is about 10,000 and a number of them ______ about Chinese .
A is B. was C. are D. were
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查主谓一致。依据“is(一般现在时）”可推断出句子时态为一般现在时，故排除B，D两项；由短语“a number of...”的谓语动词是复数可知选C。
Walk along the street and you will find the past office ______ .
A to the end B. at the end C. on the end D. for the end
【答案】B
【解析】at the end 意为“在尽头”， 后面省去了of the street .
Many students enjoy the book Harry Potter ______ by J.K.Rowling .
A wrote B. was written C. was writing D. written
【答案】D
【解析】write 与book之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用write的过去分词表被动。
She took my book _____ .
A by mistaken B. by mistake C. by mistakes D. by a mistake
【答案】B
【解析】句意：她错拿了我的书。 by mistake 意为“错误地”。
The little boy ______ the river . People nearby hurried to pull him out of it .
A fell to B. fell into C. fell off D. fell over
【答案】B
【解析】fall to 意为“落到...上”；fall into意为落入；陷入”；fall off意为“从...落下来”；fall over意为“被...绊倒”由句意“那个小男孩落入河里了。附近的人们急忙把他从河里拉了上来”可知选B。
Pizza is read now, and it ______ nice . Would you like some ?
A smells B. feels C. sounds D. /
【答案】A
【解析】比萨饼应是“尝起来”或“闻起来”不错。句意：比萨饼现在准备好了，它闻起来很香。你想吃点吗？ 故用smell .
_____ people come to visit the beautiful lake every year .
A Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of
【答案】D
【解析】thousands of 意为“万千上万的”，为固定用法。
______ John failed to climb to the top of the mountain several times, he didn’t give up .
A Although B. Because C. Whether D Unless
【答案】A
【解析】由句意 “虽然约翰好几次没有爬到山顶，但是他没有放弃”可知选A项。
I will be away for _______ . Please look after my pet dog .
A sometimes B. some times C. some time D. sometime
【答案】C
【解析】sometime “有时”；some times “几次，几倍”；some time “一段时间”；sometime “某时”。由句意“我要离开一段时间，请照顾一下我的宠物狗”可知选C。
