课件17张PPT。主谓一致及反义疑问句考点一主谓一致是指谓语动词和主语在人称和数上保持一致,遵循三个原则:语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。
一、 语法一致原则 ?
主语和谓语通常是在语法形式上一致,即主语是单数形式时,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语是复数形式时,谓语动词也采用复数形式。
1.当and或both ...and ...连接两个或两个以上的名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
Tom and Mike are good friends.汤姆和迈克是好朋友。
Both Lucy and Lily are students.露西和莉莉都是学生。
主谓一致考点一2.不定代词either,neither,each one,the other,another,anybody,anyone,anything,someone,somebody,something,everyone,everybody,everything,nobody,no one,nothing等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Is there anything wrong with your bike?
你的自行车有什么毛病吗?
Everyone is ready for the sports meeting.
大家都为运动会做好了准备。
3.由each,each ...and each ...,every,every ...and every ...作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Each boy and each girl was given a new uniform.
每一个男孩和每一个女孩都被给了一件新校服。主谓一致注意:
each
可用于复数主语后做同位语,其后谓语用复数。
The students each have a dictionary.考点一4.主语后接有with,along with,together with,as well as,including,besides,like,except,but等介词或介词短语时,谓语动词的数由主语的单、复数形式决定。
Mr. Green with his wife and two daughters is coming to Beijing.
格林先生将和他的夫人及两个女儿一块儿来北京。
5.a number of+名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;the number of+限定词+名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
A number of trees were cut down.
许多树木被砍倒了。
The number of the students in our class is 32.
我们班的学生人数为32。主谓一致考点一6.“a lot of (lots of,plenty of,a pile of,piles of,most of)+名词”和“分数或百分数+名词”等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于名词。如果是不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果是可数名词复数,则谓语动词用复数形式。
Lots of people have been there.很多人去过那儿。
Three querters of the earth is covered by water.
7.由“a pair(a kind,a series ...)+of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;“pairs(kinds ...)+of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
A pair of sunglasses is lying on the table.
一副太阳镜放在桌子上。
Fifty pairs of shoes are made each day.
每天能制作50双鞋。主谓一致考点一8.某些只有复数形式的名词(如clothes,trousers,shorts,pants,shoes,gloves ...)作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
My glasses were worn out.我的眼镜坏了。
9.不定式或动词-ing形式作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Reading is learning.读书就是学习。
To see is to believe.眼见为实。
主谓一致二、 意义一致原则 ?
意义一致又叫概念一致,即谓语动词用单数还是复数要看主语所表达的概念。
1.由and连接的两个名词作主语,如果是指同一概念(即and后面无冠词),则谓语动词用单数形式。
The teacher and writer is coming to give us a talk next week.
那位老师兼作家下周要给我们做报告。
The singer and dancer has been invited to the party.
那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家被邀请参加了晚会。
2.表示金钱、价格、时间、距离、长度等复数名词、词组作主语时,一般被看作一个整体,谓语动词常用单数形式。
Five years is a long time.
五年是一段很长的时间。考点一主谓一致考点一3.集体名词(如family,team,crowd,company,class,group,government ...)如果表示整体概念,则谓语动词用单数形式,如果表示集体中的成员,则谓语动词用复数形式。
My family are going on vacation next month.
我们一家人下个月要去度假。
My family is a small one with three people.
我家是一个有三口人的小家庭。
4.people,police,cattle等集合名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
The police are helping a girl find her parents.
警察正在帮助一个女孩找她的父母。
People are living a happy life.
人们生活得很快乐。主谓一致考点一三、 就近一致原则 ?
有时谓语动词的形式与靠近它的主语一致,这种原则叫作就近一致原则。
1.由either ...or ...,neither ...nor ...,not only ...but (also) ...连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与较近的主语保持一致。
Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle.
不只是我父母,我也盼望看到我叔叔。
2.there be ...和here be ...这两个句式中的动词be常与最近的主语在数上保持一致。
There is a table and three chairs in Tom’s room.
在汤姆的房间有一张桌子和三把椅子。主谓一致
反意疑问句是附在陈述句之后,对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问的句子。反意疑问句由两部分组成,前一部分为陈述句,后一部分为简短的一般疑问句。若前一部分为肯定句,后一部分就要用否定形式,而且必须用缩略形式;若前一部分用否定形式,后一部分就用肯定形式,即“前肯后否,前否后肯”。两部分的人称和时态要一致。考点二反义疑问句常见的特殊的反意疑问句
(1)当陈述部分含有否定意义的词如 hardly,few,little,no,nobody,no one,nothing等时,附加疑问部分须用肯定形式。但若陈述部分含有带否定前缀如im-,un-,dis-等的派生词,仍作为肯定结构,附加疑问句部分用否定形式。
(2)I am...反意疑问句附加疑问句部分应为aren't I。
(3)如果陈述部分是肯定或否定的祈使句,疑问句部分须用 will you。
(4)当陈述部分是let's do sth.时,疑问部分须用shall we来反问;而当陈述部分是let sb. do sth.时,疑问部分用will you 来反问。考点二反义疑问句(5)陈述部分的谓语是used to 时,附加疑问句部分用“didn't+主语”或“usedn't+主语”。如:
He used to go to bed late,didn't he/usedn't he?他过去睡觉很晚,对吗?
(6)need 的反意疑问句。
①need是实义动词。如:
We need to come earlier,don't we?我们需要来早点,对吗?
②need是情态动词。如:
We needn't come so early,need we?我们不必来那么早,对吗?考点二反义疑问句(7)当陈述部分主语是不定代词 nobody,somebody,no one时,疑问句部分须用复数代词they,也可以用he;当陈述部分主语是不定代词 nothing,something时,疑问部分须用代词it。
(8)若陈述部分为there be 句型,附加疑问部分仍用be (not) there。
(9)主从复合句的反意疑问句附加疑问句部分的助动词与人称应与主句的谓语动词和人称保持一致。若宾语从句的主语为“I think/suppose/believe”等表示说话人的看法,反意疑问句的疑问部分应与宾语从句的主谓保持一致。考点二反义疑问句3.反意疑问句的回答,无论问题的提法如何,如果事实是肯定的,就用yes;事实是否定的,就用no。要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构,反意疑问句部分用肯定式提问(前否后肯)时,回答yes或no与汉语翻译正好相反,yes要译成“不”,no要译成“是”。如:
—He likes playing football,doesn't he?他喜欢踢足球,是吗?
—Yes,he does./No,he doesn't.是的。/ 不是。
—His sister didn't attend the meeting,did she?他妹妹没有参加会议,是吗?
—Yes,she did./No,she didn't.不,她参加了。/是的,她没参加。考点二反义疑问句 1. There is little water in the bottle,________?
2. She looks unhappy, _________ ?
3.Tom is too young to go to school,___________?考点二反义疑问句is theredoesn't sheisn't he4.It's sunny today.Let's fly kites in the park,__________?
shall we5. --- Sally doesn't like rock music,does she?
--- _____. She is a fan of classical music.
A. No, she does.
B. Yes, she does.
C. No, she doesn't.
D. Yes, she doesn't.
6. --- Lily isn't 15, is she?
--- _________ . She is 13.
No,she isn't