专题05 介词-2年中考1年模拟备战2018年中考英语精品系列(解析版+原卷版)

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名称 专题05 介词-2年中考1年模拟备战2018年中考英语精品系列(解析版+原卷版)
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更新时间 2018-03-21 14:28:58

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专题05 介词
?解读考点
介词的定义
介词是一种用来表示词词, 词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句字成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组,在句中作状语,表语,补语或介词宾语。21教育名师原创作品
直击考点
1. 常用介词及其词组的主要用法和意义;
2. 常用动词、形容词与介词、副词的固定搭配及其意义。
【名师点睛】
1. 介词的功能
介词是一种虚词,不能独立使用。介词之后一般有名词或代词(宾格..)或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句作它的宾语,即构成介词短语。有些介词是由两个以上的词构成的短语介词,如:out of(从…中出来), because of(因为), away from(距离…), on top of(在…顶上), ever since(自从…), next to(在…隔壁), according to(根据…), in front of(在…前方)等。介词短语可在句中作定语,状语,表语和宾语补足语。
例如:
The boy over there is John’s brother. (定语)
The girl will be back in two hours. (状语)
Our English teacher is from Australia. (表语)
Help yourself to some fish. (宾语补足语)
常用介词的用法辨析
(1)表时间的介词
1)at, in on
表示时间点用at。例如:at six o’clock, at noon, at midnight。表示在某个世纪,某年,某月,某个季节以及早晨,上午,下午,晚上时,用in。例如:in the ninettenth century, in 2002, in may, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon等。表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午,下午,晚上时,用on。例如:on Monday, on July 1st, on Sunday morning等。www.21-cn-jy.com
2) since, after
由since和after 引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段,但since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻,因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而after词组所表示的时段纯系过去,因而要与一般过去时连用。例如:2-1-c-n-j-y
I haven’t heard from him since last summer.
After five days the boy came back.
3) in, after
in与将来时态连用时,表示“过多长时间以后”的意思,后面跟表示一段时间的词语。After与将来时态连用时,后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。After与过去时态连用时,后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。例如:
He will be back in two months.
He will arrive after four o’clock.
He returned after a month.
(2)表示地点的介词
1)at, in, on
at一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某个范围之内;on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如:
He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.
They arrived at a small village before dark.
There is a big hole in the wall.
The teacher put up a picture on the wall.
2) over, above, on
over, on和above都可表示“在……上面”,但具体含义不同。Over表示位置高于某物,在某物的正上方,其反义词是under。 above也表示位置高于某物,但不一定在正上方,其反义词是below。On指两个物体表面接触,一个在另一的上面。例如:21·世纪*教育网2·1·c·n·j·y
There is a bridge over the river.
We flew above the clouds.
They put some flowers on the teacher’s desk.
3) across, through
across和through均可表示“从这一边到另一边”,但用法不同。Across的含义与on有关,表示动作在某一物体的表面进行。Throgh的含义与in有关,表示动作是在三维空间进行。例如:【版权所有:21教育】
The dog ran across the grass.
The boy swam across the river.
They walked through the forest.
I pushed through the crowds.
4) in front of, in the front of
in front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”,在某个范围以外;
in the front of 表示“在……的前部”,在某个范围以内。例如:
There are some tall trees in front of the building.
The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.
介词的分类表: (见下表)
地点(位置、范围)介词:above在…前, about在…附近, across在…对面, after在…后面, against倚着..., along 在…近旁, among在…中间, around在…周围, round在….周围, at在…处, before在...前, behind在...后, below低于..., beside在...旁边, between在...之间, by在...旁, down在...下面, from来自..., in在...里面, inside在...里面, near靠近..., of在...之中, on在...上面, out of在...之外, outside在....外面, over在....上方, under在...下方, up在...上面, on top of在...顶部, in front of在...前, close to靠近..., in the middle of在...的中间, at the end of在...的末端,等等。
方向(目标趋向)介词:across横越..., against对抗..., along沿着..., around绕着..., round环绕..., at朝着..., behind 向…后面, etween…and…从…到...,by路过/通过..., down向…下, for向..., from从/离..., in进入..., into进入..., inside到...里面, near接近..., off脱离/除..., on向...上, out of向...外, outside向....外, over跨过..., past经过/超过..., through穿过..., to向/朝..., towards朝着..., on to到...上面, onto到...上面, up向...上, away from远离...
时间介词:about大约..., after在…以后, at在… (时刻), before在…以前, by到…为止, during在…期间, for 有…(之久), from从…(时)起, in在(上/下午);在(多久)以后, on在(某日), past过了…(时), since自从…(至今), through 贯穿…(期间), till直到…时, until直到…时, to到(下一时刻), ever since从那时起至今,at the beginning
of在...开始时 ,at the end of在...末 , in the middle of在...当中 ,at the time of在...时
方式介词:as作为/当作..., by用/由/乘坐/被..., in用…(语言), like与…一样, on骑(车)/徒(步),通过(收音机
/ 电视机), over通过(收音机), through通过..., with用(材料),用(手/脚/耳/眼), without没有… 涉及介词: about关于..., except除了…, besides除了…还... for对于/就…而言, in在…(方面), of…的,有关..., on 关于/有关..., to对…而言, towards针对..., with就…而言
其它介词: 【目的介词】 for为了..., from防止…, to为了…
【原因介词】 for因为..., with由于…, because of因为... 【来源:21·世纪·教育·网】
【比较介词】 as与…一样,like象…一样,than比...,to与…相比, unlike与…不同
【伴随
/状态介词】 against和…
一起(比赛),at在
(上班/休息/上学/家,etc.),in穿着…(衣服/颜色),into变成...,on在(值日), with与…一起,有/带着/长着..., without没有/无/不与…一起
?2年中考
[2017年题组]
1. (2017 ? 山东德州中考)A woman stood __________ the window, watching the children playing games in the garden.
A. past B. through C. across D. by
2. (2017 ? 山东德州中考)A woman stood __________ the window, watching the children playing games in the garden.
A. past B. through C. across D. by
3. (2017 ? 苏州市中考)Nora opened the box. To her surprise, __________ was a gold watch.
A. outside B. inside C. beside D. behind
4. (2017 ? 四川省宜宾市中考)Who is better __________ playing basketball, you or your brother?
A. at B. in C. on
5. (2017 ? 山东东营中考)_________ running after success, we have a lot of other interesting things to do in our lives.
A. By B. On C. Besides D. Except
6. (2017 ? 山东济宁卷)We should be kind to the old and take care _________ them in daily life.
A. of B. for C. with D. about
[2016年题组]
1.(2016 ? 四川绵阳卷)—What did you get for your birthday, Tony?21*cnjy*com
—An iPad4, _________ my aunt.
A. to B. from C. with D. for
2. (2016 ?湖北黄石卷)It is necessary _________ us to help our friends out when they meet difficulties.
A. to B. of C. with D. for
3. (2016 ? 安徽中考)To my pleasure, my family is always _________ me whatever I decide to do.
A. above B. behind C. from D. through
4. (2016 ? 山东青岛中考)—Which is your new English teacher?
—The young lady _________ red over there.
A. with B. in C. on D. for
5. (2016 ? 山东德州中考)—_________, there must be life on other planets though none has been discovered.
—I agree with you. The universe is so large after all.
A. To my surprise B. To be honest C. In my opinion D. Again and again
?考点归纳
3. 介词的固定搭配
介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。记住这种固定搭配关系,才能正确使用介词。
  1.动词+介词
  arrive in/at到达
  ask for请求
  do well in在……方面做得好
  prefer…to… 宁愿选择……,更喜欢……
  regard…as… 把……看做……
  thanks to幸亏,由于
  think about考虑
  laugh at嘲笑
  learn from向……学习
  leave for出发去某地
  talk to与……谈话
  go in for从事,致力于
  hear about听说
  look at (有意识地)看
  speak to对……说
  send for派人去叫,叫人去拿
  shout at大声叫喊,吼叫
  worry about为……担心
  think of考虑,关心
  2.介词+名词
  in time 及时
  on time 准时
  in front of 在……前面
  at home 在家
  in English 用英语
  at night 在晚上
  with a smile 带着微笑
  without breakfast没吃早餐
  at first 首先
  at last 最后
  on one's way to 在某人去……的路上
  at once 立刻,马上
  at the same time 同时
  by hand 用手,手工,亲手
  in trouble 处于困境
  in fact 事实上
  on duty 值日
  out of work 失业
  out of breath 上气不接下气
  on the left/right 在左/右边
  to one's surprise 令某人吃惊的是
3.介词与形容词、过去分词和动词等搭配
  be born in… 出生于……
  be good at… 擅长……
  be made of… 由……制成
  be angry with sb.跟某人生气
  be angry at sth.为某事生气
  be pleased with sb.对某人感到满意
  be satisfied with sth.对某事感到满意
  be surprised at对……感到惊奇(诧异)
  be used to… 习惯于……
  be tired of… 讨厌……,厌倦……
  be interested in对……感兴趣
  be proud of… 以……自豪(骄傲)
  be full of… 充满……
  be filled with充满……
  take (catch) hold of抓住
  be sure of… 确信……
  take part in参加
  break into(in) 闯入
  take care of照顾,关心,保管
  be busy with… 忙于……
  be strict with sb.对某人严格要求
  catch up with跟上,赶上
  have nothing to do with… 与……无关
  go to school去上学
  keep out of不让进入
  go to bed(sleep) 去睡觉
  look forward to盼望,期待
  go to the cinema去看电影
say hello to向……问好
其余几组常见的时间介词辨析如下:
1、时间介词in与after 的用法辨析
介词 in + 一段时间用于一般将来时。如:We’ll go to school in two weeks.21教育网21世纪教育网版权所有
介词after + 一段时间用于一般过去时。如:My mother came home after half an hour.【来源:21·世纪·教育·网】
介词after + 时间点常用于一般将来时。如:We’ll go out for a walk after supper.21*cnjy*com
2、时间介词for与since的用法辨析
介词for 表示一段时间如:I have been living here for 10 years.21*cnjy*com21·cn·jy·com
介词since 表示从过去某一时间以来如:I have been living here since 2000.21·世纪*教育网
3、时间介词before与by的用法辨析
介词before表示“在…之前”如:He won’t come back before five .【来源:21cnj*y.co*m】
介词by表示“到…时为止,不迟于…”如:The work must be finished by Friday.
4、时间介词during与for的用法辨析
当所指的时间起止分明时用介词during如:He swims every day during the summer.
如果一段时间不明确则用介词for如:I haven’t seen her for years.
5、时间介词till与until用法的异同
till和until用在肯定句中,均可表示“直到…为止”,如:I will wait till(until)seven o'clock.
till和until用在否定句中,均可表示“在……以前”或“直到……才”。
如:Tom didn't come back till(until)midnight.
till多用于普通文体,而 until则用于多种文体,并且在句子开头时,用until而不用till如:Until he comes back,nothing can be done.2-1-c-n-j-y
注意:在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。
其余几组常见的时间介词辨析如下辨析如下:
1、时间介词in与after 的用法辨析
介词 in + 一段时间用于一般将来时。如:We’ll go to school in two weeks.
介词after + 一段时间用于一般过去时。如:My mother came home after half an hour.
介词after + 时间点常用于一般将来时。如:We’ll go out for a walk after supper.
2、时间介词for与since的用法辨析
介词for 表示一段时间如:I have been living here for 10 years.
介词since 表示从过去某一时间以来如:I have been living here since 2000.www-2-1-cnjy-com
3、时间介词before与by的用法辨析
介词before表示“在…之前”如:He won’t come back before five .
介词by表示“到……时为止,不迟于……”如:The work must be finished by Friday.
4、时间介词during与for的用法辨析
当所指的时间起止分明时用介词during如:He swims every day during the summer.
如果一段时间不明确则用介词for如:I haven’t seen her for years.
5、时间介词till与until用法的异同
till和until用在肯定句中,均可表示“直到……为止”,如:I will wait till(until)seven o'clock.
till和until用在否定句中,均可表示“在……以前”或“直到……才”。
如:Tom didn't come back till(until)midnight.
till多用于普通文体,而 until则用于多种文体,并且在句子开头时,用until而不用till如:Until he comes back,nothing can be done.
注意:在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。
?易错易混
掌握介词固定搭配
be made from 和be made of的区别
be made from和be made of都可以表示物体由什么材料制成,区别如下:
be made from表示材料时,一般表示物质做成这个物体时已经发生了化学变化,我们从物体的外观上已看不出原来的材料,如:
Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒由葡萄制成。(葡萄糖是由酒化酶的催化作用下发酵变成酒精的,已发生了化学变化)
Paper is made of wood. 纸张是由木头做成的。(纸中已看不出它的原材料是木头)
Bread is made from flour. 面包由面粉做成。
be made of表示材料,一般表示从物体的外观上看得出原来的材料,这些材料在做成这个物体时,只是发生了一些物理变化,也可以用be made out of表示材料,如:
This salad is made of cucumber and lettuce. 这种沙拉是由小黄瓜和莴苣做成的。
This pair of shoes is made of leather. 这双鞋子是由皮革做成的。
I made my bicycle out of four old ones. 我用四辆旧的自行车拼成了我的自行车。
介词of和from的区别
①of(属于)……的;表示……的数量或种类
?This is a map of china. 这是一幅中国地图。
?Will you please give me a cup of tea? 请您给我一杯茶好吗?
②from来自(某地、某人);以……起始(时间或地点)
?I’m from Nanjing. 我是南京人。
?We work from Monday to Friday. 我们从星期一到星期五上班。
介词易错点
〔误〕Three days after he died.
〔正〕 After three days he died.   
〔正〕Three days later he died.
 〔析〕after 与 later都可以用来表达一段时间之后,但它们所处的位置不同,after 在时间词前,而later在时间词后。21*cnjy*com
2.〔误〕She hid herself after the tree. 〔正〕She hid herself behind the tree.
 〔析〕after多用来表达某动作之后,所以有的语法书中称它为动态介词,如:I run after him. After finishing my homework, I went to see a film. 而behind则多用于静态事物之后。
3.〔误〕There is a beautiful bird on the tree. 〔正〕There is a beautiful bird in the tree.
 〔析〕树上长出的果实,树叶要用on, 而其他外来的人、物体均要用in the tree.
4.〔误〕Shanghai is on the east of China. 〔正〕Shanghai is in the east of China.
 〔析〕在表达地理位置时有3个介词:in, on, to。in表示在某范围之内; on表示与某地区接壤;to则表示不相接。如:Japan is to the east of China.
5.〔误〕I arrived at New York on July 2nd. 〔正〕I arrived in New York on July 2nd.
 〔析〕at用来表达较小的地方,而in用来表达较大的地方。at常用于at the school gate, at home, at a bus stop, at the station, at the cinema, at a small village。
〔误〕Do you know there is some good news on todays newspaper?
〔正〕Do you know there is some good news in todays newspaper?
〔析〕在报纸上的新闻要用in, 而在具体某一版上,或某一页上则要用on。
〔误〕Ill leave Beijing to Shanghai tomorrow.
〔正〕 Ill leave Beijing for Shanghai.
〔正〕Ill leave for Shanghai.
 〔析〕leave for 是离开某地去某处的固定搭配,不可将for改为别的介词。这样的搭配还有:start for 动身前往某处,set out for,sail for。
be good at / be good with / be good to / be good for 的区别
be good 后接不同的介词,表达的意思也不同。
1)be good at 意为"擅长……",后接名词、代词或ving形式。
I’m good at playing chess. 我擅长下象棋。
2)be good with意为"灵巧的;与……相处得好"。
She is good with her hands. 她手很巧。
He is very good with the children. 他与这些孩子处得很好。
3)be good to意为"对……友好"。
My friend was good to me when I was ill. 我生病时我的朋友对我关怀备至。 【来源:21cnj*y.co*m】
4)be good for意为 "对……有好处"。
Eating more vegetables is good for your health. 多吃蔬菜对你的健康有好处。21cnjy.com
at, on与in的区别
at
常用于钟点(某时某刻)前或某些固定短语中
at 8:00 在8点钟
at night 在晚上
on
常用于"日期、星期几"等具体某天前,也用于具体某天的上午、下午或晚上前
on June 11th在6月11日
on Friday 在星期五
in
常用于"月、年、季节"等前,也可用于一天中的上午、下午或晚上前
in 2006 在2006年
in May 在五月
in winter 在冬天
in the morning 在早上
at用于表示时刻、时间的某一点
at lunch在午饭时 at breakfast早餐时 at noon正午时 at night在夜间
at that time那时 at the moment此刻,目前 at the same time同时 at times偶尔,有时
at nine在九点钟 at first开始的时候,起初 at last最后 21·cn·jy·com21教育网
?We usually have lunch at noon/ at twelve. 我们通常中午吃午饭(十二点吃午饭)。【出处:21教育名师】
注意:表示时间的名词前有this, last, next, every等修饰时,其前面不加介词。
this morning今天早上 last Monday上周一 every week每周
on用于表示某天,某一天的上、下午(指具体的某一时,一律用on)
on Monday 在周一 on Monday evening 在周一晚上
on Tuesday morning 在周二早上 on June 6在6月6日
on May 4,2016 在2016年5月4日 on a cold night在一个寒冷的夜晚 21cnjy.com
on that day在那天 on Christmas Day在圣诞节那天
on time准时 on the night of July(the)first 在七月一日的夜晚
?We didn’t listen to the lecture on Wednesday afternoon. 周三下午我们没去听演讲。www-2-1-cnjy-com
in用于表示周、月、 季节、年和泛指的上午、下午、晚上(指在一段时间内)。
in the week在这周 in the holiday在假期中
in May 在五月 in 1995在1995年
in summer在夏季 in Spring在春季
in autumn在秋季 in winter在冬季
in September, 1995 在1995年9月 in the morning 在上午 【出处:21教育名师】
in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening在晚上
in the 21st century在二十一世纪 in time及时
in an hour一个小时后 in a minute一会儿,立刻
?The plane took off on time.飞机准时起飞了。
?People go skating in winter. 人们冬天去滑冰。
?Do they work in the day time or at night? 他们是白天工作还是夜里工作?【版权所有:21教育】
?解题技能
对于介词的考察,通常是以单项选择或完形填空形式考查介词用法,尤其是几个易混淆的代词。另外,介词与动词和形容词构成的固定搭配也是常见的考试内容。www.21-cn-jy.com
中考对介词的考查主要是介词的基本用法和介词的辨析。
学习重点应放在以下三点:
1.表时间,地点,方式等介词的用法;
2.介词短语及介词与其他词的搭配使用;
3.同义或近义介词辨析。
?1年模拟
1.(云南普洱市思茅第三中学月考)Uncle Wang knows a lot about the world _________ watching TV.
A. by B. at C. to D. for21世纪教育网版权所有
2.(江苏盐城射阳实验初中期中)—I will go to visit Sanya this summer holiday.
—Really? Sanya is famous _________ its beautiful beaches. Be sure to go to the beaches.
A. to B. for C. as D. with
3.(年上海浦东新区期中)Both teachers and students are busy _________ June.
A. with B. in C. on D. at
4. Can you see the cat hiding _________ the tree?
A. on B. under C. over D. in
5. The litter bin _________ the corner of the room is a present from my brother.2·1·c·n·j·y
A. at B. on C. in D. among
6. (新疆乌鲁木齐市第九十八中学)Harry’s mom looks young and beautiful. It’s hard to imagine she is already _________ her _________.
A. in; fifty B. in; fifties C. on; fifties D. in; fiftieth
7. (广东省初中毕业生学业考试模拟)Pony Ma, the Chairman of Tencent Company, has made much money _________ the Internet.
A. along B. across C. towards D. through
8. (重庆市万盛经济技术开发区九年级上学期期末模拟)Thank you _________ inviting me to your part.
A. for B. of C. with D. to
9. (上海市黄浦区九年级4月学业模拟考试)Everybody rose and clapped their hands _________ the end of the concert.21教育名师原创作品
A. by B. in C. at D. for

?解读考点
介词的定义
介词是一种用来表示词词, 词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句字成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组,在句中作状语,表语,补语或介词宾语。
直击考点
1. 常用介词及其词组的主要用法和意义;
2. 常用动词、形容词与介词、副词的固定搭配及其意义。
【名师点睛】
1. 介词的功能
介词是一种虚词,不能独立使用。介词之后一般有名词或代词(宾格..)或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句作它的宾语,即构成介词短语。有些介词是由两个以上的词构成的短语介词,如:out of(从…中出来), because of(因为), away from(距离…), on top of(在…顶上), ever since(自从…), next to(在…隔壁), according to(根据…), in front of(在…前方)等。介词短语可在句中作定语,状语,表语和宾语补足语。
例如:
The boy over there is John’s brother. (定语)
The girl will be back in two hours. (状语)
Our English teacher is from Australia. (表语)
Help yourself to some fish. (宾语补足语)
常用介词的用法辨析
(1)表时间的介词
1)at, in on
表示时间点用at。例如:at six o’clock, at noon, at midnight。表示在某个世纪,某年,某月,某个季节以及早晨,上午,下午,晚上时,用in。例如:in the ninettenth century, in 2002, in may, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon等。表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午,下午,晚上时,用on。例如:on Monday, on July 1st, on Sunday morning等。
2) since, after
由since和after 引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段,但since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻,因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而after词组所表示的时段纯系过去,因而要与一般过去时连用。例如:
I haven’t heard from him since last summer.
After five days the boy came back.
3) in, after
in与将来时态连用时,表示“过多长时间以后”的意思,后面跟表示一段时间的词语。After与将来时态连用时,后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。After与过去时态连用时,后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。例如:
He will be back in two months.
He will arrive after four o’clock.
He returned after a month.
(2)表示地点的介词
1)at, in, on
at一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某个范围之内;on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如:
He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.
They arrived at a small village before dark.
There is a big hole in the wall.
The teacher put up a picture on the wall.
2) over, above, on
over, on和above都可表示“在……上面”,但具体含义不同。Over表示位置高于某物,在某物的正上方,其反义词是under。 above也表示位置高于某物,但不一定在正上方,其反义词是below。On指两个物体表面接触,一个在另一的上面。例如:21·cn·jy·com
There is a bridge over the river.
We flew above the clouds.
They put some flowers on the teacher’s desk.
3) across, through
across和through均可表示“从这一边到另一边”,但用法不同。Across的含义与on有关,表示动作在某一物体的表面进行。Throgh的含义与in有关,表示动作是在三维空间进行。例如:2·1·c·n·j·y
The dog ran across the grass.
The boy swam across the river.
They walked through the forest.
I pushed through the crowds.
4) in front of, in the front of
in front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”,在某个范围以外;
in the front of 表示“在……的前部”,在某个范围以内。例如:
There are some tall trees in front of the building.21cnjy.com
The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.
介词的分类表: (见下表)
地点(位置、范围)介词:above在…前, about在…附近, across在…对面, after在…后面, against倚着..., along 在…近旁, among在…中间, around在…周围, round在….周围, at在…处, before在...前, behind在...后, below低于..., beside在...旁边, between在...之间, by在...旁, down在...下面, from来自..., in在...里面, inside在...里面, near靠近..., of在...之中, on在...上面, out of在...之外, outside在....外面, over在....上方, under在...下方, up在...上面, on top of在...顶部, in front of在...前, close to靠近..., in the middle of在...的中间, at the end of在...的末端,等等。
方向(目标趋向)介词:across横越..., against对抗..., along沿着..., around绕着..., round环绕..., at朝着..., behind 向…后面, etween…and…从…到...,by路过/通过..., down向…下, for向..., from从/离..., in进入..., into进入..., inside到...里面, near接近..., off脱离/除..., on向...上, out of向...外, outside向....外, over跨过..., past经过/超过..., through穿过..., to向/朝..., towards朝着..., on to到...上面, onto到...上面, up向...上, away from远离...
时间介词:about大约..., after在…以后, at在… (时刻), before在…以前, by到…为止, during在…期间, for 有…(之久), from从…(时)起, in在(上/下午);在(多久)以后, on在(某日), past过了…(时), since自从…(至今), through 贯穿…(期间), till直到…时, until直到…时, to到(下一时刻), ever since从那时起至今,at the beginning
of在...开始时 ,at the end of在...末 , in the middle of在...当中 ,at the time of在...时
方式介词:as作为/当作..., by用/由/乘坐/被..., in用…(语言), like与…一样, on骑(车)/徒(步),通过(收音机
/ 电视机), over通过(收音机), through通过..., with用(材料),用(手/脚/耳/眼), without没有… 涉及介词: about关于..., except除了…, besides除了…还... for对于/就…而言, in在…(方面), of…的,有关..., on 关于/有关..., to对…而言, towards针对..., with就…而言 21cnjy.com21*cnjy*com
其它介词: 【目的介词】 for为了..., from防止…, to为了…
【原因介词】 for因为..., with由于…, because of因为...
【比较介词】 as与…一样,like象…一样,than比...,to与…相比, unlike与…不同
【伴随
/状态介词】 against和…
一起(比赛),at在
(上班/休息/上学/家,etc.),in穿着…(衣服/颜色),into变成...,on在(值日), with与…一起,有/带着/长着..., without没有/无/不与…一起21·世纪*教育网
?2年中考
[2017年题组]
1. (2017 ? 山东德州中考)A woman stood __________ the window, watching the children playing games in the garden.21·cn·jy·comwww-2-1-cnjy-com
A. past B. through C. across D. by
【参考答案】D
【试题解析】考查介词的用法。句意:一个女人站在窗户旁边,看着花园里玩游戏的孩子们。A. past经过,指从事物旁边经过; B. through穿过,指从事物内部通过;C. across横穿,指从事物的一边到了另一边;D. by加地点名词,表示在……旁边。结合句意,故选D。
2. (2017 ? 山东德州中考)A woman stood __________ the window, watching the children playing games in the garden.
A. past B. through C. across D. by
【参考答案】D
3. (2017 ? 苏州市中考)Nora opened the box. To her surprise, __________ was a gold watch.
A. outside B. inside C. beside D. behind
【参考答案】B
【试题解析】考查介词。句意:诺拉打开盒子。使她吃惊的是,里面是一块金手表。A. outside在……外面;B. inside在……里面;C. beside在……旁边;D. behind在……后面。根据opened the box,所以是在盒子里面,所以选B。21教育网21教育名师原创作品
4. (2017 ? 四川省宜宾市中考)Who is better __________ playing basketball, you or your brother?
A. at B. in C. on
【答案】A
5. (2017 ? 山东东营中考)_________ running after success, we have a lot of other interesting things to do in our lives.
A. By B. On C. Besides D. Except
【答案】C
6. (2017 ? 山东济宁卷)We should be kind to the old and take care _________ them in daily life.
A. of B. for C. with D. about
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词。句意:我们应该善待老人,在日常生活中照顾他们。take care of照顾,照看。故选A。
[2016年题组]
1.(2016 ? 四川绵阳卷)—What did you get for your birthday, Tony?21教育网
—An iPad4, _________ my aunt.
A. to B. from C. with D. for
【答案】B
【解析】考查介词辨析。句意:——托尼,你的生日得到了什么?——一个iPad 4, 我姨送我的。to向,朝。表示目标;from来自;with带有,具有,表示伴随。for 为……;表示原因。故选B。
2. (2016 ?湖北黄石卷)It is necessary _________ us to help our friends out when they meet difficulties.
A. to B. of C. with D. for
【答案】D
3. (2016 ? 安徽中考)To my pleasure, my family is always _________ me whatever I decide to do.
A. above B. behind C. from D. through
【答案】B
【解析】考查介词的用法。句意:令我愉快的是,无论我决定做什么,我的家庭总是支持我。A. above在……上;B. behind在……后面;C. from从……;D. through通过。be behind sb. 对某人支持或者赞同。结合句意,故选B。2·1·c·n·j·y
4. (2016 ? 山东青岛中考)—Which is your new English teacher?21·世纪*教育网
—The young lady _________ red over there.
A. with B. in C. on D. for
【答案】B
5. (2016 ? 山东德州中考)—_________, there must be life on other planets though none has been discovered.
—I agree with you. The universe is so large after all.www.21-cn-jy.com
A. To my surprise B. To be honest C. In my opinion D. Again and again
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词短语的用法。句意:——依我看来,尽管没有人被发现但是在其他的行星上一定有生命。——我赞同你。毕竟宇宙那么大。A. To my surprise 令我吃惊的是;B. To be honest 老实说,说实在的;C. In my opinion 在我看来,依我看来;D. Again and again一次又一次。根据后文表示的是个人观点,故选C。
?考点归纳
3. 介词的固定搭配
介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。记住这种固定搭配关系,才能正确使用介词。
  1.动词+介词
  arrive in/at到达
  ask for请求
  do well in在……方面做得好
  prefer…to… 宁愿选择……,更喜欢……
  regard…as… 把……看做……
  thanks to幸亏,由于
  think about考虑
  laugh at嘲笑
  learn from向……学习
  leave for出发去某地
  talk to与……谈话
  go in for从事,致力于
  hear about听说
  look at (有意识地)看
  speak to对……说
  send for派人去叫,叫人去拿
  shout at大声叫喊,吼叫
  worry about为……担心
  think of考虑,关心
  2.介词+名词
  in time 及时
  on time 准时
  in front of 在……前面
  at home 在家
  in English 用英语
  at night 在晚上
  with a smile 带着微笑
  without breakfast没吃早餐
  at first 首先
  at last 最后
  on one's way to 在某人去……的路上
  at once 立刻,马上
  at the same time 同时
  by hand 用手,手工,亲手
  in trouble 处于困境
  in fact 事实上
  on duty 值日
  out of work 失业
  out of breath 上气不接下气
  on the left/right 在左/右边
  to one's surprise 令某人吃惊的是
3.介词与形容词、过去分词和动词等搭配
  be born in… 出生于……
  be good at… 擅长……
  be made of… 由……制成
  be angry with sb.跟某人生气
  be angry at sth.为某事生气
  be pleased with sb.对某人感到满意
  be satisfied with sth.对某事感到满意
  be surprised at对……感到惊奇(诧异)
  be used to… 习惯于……
  be tired of… 讨厌……,厌倦……
  be interested in对……感兴趣
  be proud of… 以……自豪(骄傲)
  be full of… 充满……
  be filled with充满……
  take (catch) hold of抓住
  be sure of… 确信……
  take part in参加
  break into(in) 闯入
  take care of照顾,关心,保管
  be busy with… 忙于……
  be strict with sb.对某人严格要求
  catch up with跟上,赶上
  have nothing to do with… 与……无关
  go to school去上学
  keep out of不让进入
  go to bed(sleep) 去睡觉
  look forward to盼望,期待
  go to the cinema去看电影
say hello to向……问好
其余几组常见的时间介词辨析如下:
1、时间介词in与after 的用法辨析
介词 in + 一段时间用于一般将来时。如:We’ll go to school in two weeks.www.21-cn-jy.com【来源:21·世纪·教育·网】
介词after + 一段时间用于一般过去时。如:My mother came home after half an hour.【来源:21·世纪·教育·网】
介词after + 时间点常用于一般将来时。如:We’ll go out for a walk after supper.【版权所有:21教育】
2、时间介词for与since的用法辨析
介词for 表示一段时间如:I have been living here for 10 years.21教育名师原创作品【来源:21cnj*y.co*m】
介词since 表示从过去某一时间以来如:I have been living here since 2000.【出处:21教育名师】
3、时间介词before与by的用法辨析
介词before表示“在…之前”如:He won’t come back before five .
介词by表示“到…时为止,不迟于…”如:The work must be finished by Friday.
4、时间介词during与for的用法辨析
当所指的时间起止分明时用介词during如:He swims every day during the summer.
如果一段时间不明确则用介词for如:I haven’t seen her for years.
5、时间介词till与until用法的异同
till和until用在肯定句中,均可表示“直到…为止”,如:I will wait till(until)seven o'clock.
till和until用在否定句中,均可表示“在……以前”或“直到……才”。
如:Tom didn't come back till(until)midnight.
till多用于普通文体,而 until则用于多种文体,并且在句子开头时,用until而不用till如:Until he comes back,nothing can be done.
注意:在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。
其余几组常见的时间介词辨析如下辨析如下:
1、时间介词in与after 的用法辨析
介词 in + 一段时间用于一般将来时。如:We’ll go to school in two weeks.
介词after + 一段时间用于一般过去时。如:My mother came home after half an hour.21世纪教育网版权所有
介词after + 时间点常用于一般将来时。如:We’ll go out for a walk after supper.
2、时间介词for与since的用法辨析
介词for 表示一段时间如:I have been living here for 10 years.
介词since 表示从过去某一时间以来如:I have been living here since 2000.
3、时间介词before与by的用法辨析
介词before表示“在…之前”如:He won’t come back before five .
介词by表示“到……时为止,不迟于……”如:The work must be finished by Friday.
4、时间介词during与for的用法辨析
当所指的时间起止分明时用介词during如:He swims every day during the summer.
如果一段时间不明确则用介词for如:I haven’t seen her for years.
5、时间介词till与until用法的异同
till和until用在肯定句中,均可表示“直到……为止”,如:I will wait till(until)seven o'clock.
till和until用在否定句中,均可表示“在……以前”或“直到……才”。
如:Tom didn't come back till(until)midnight.
till多用于普通文体,而 until则用于多种文体,并且在句子开头时,用until而不用till如:Until he comes back,nothing can be done.
注意:在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。
?易错易混
掌握介词固定搭配
be made from 和be made of的区别
be made from和be made of都可以表示物体由什么材料制成,区别如下:
be made from表示材料时,一般表示物质做成这个物体时已经发生了化学变化,我们从物体的外观上已看不出原来的材料,如:
Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒由葡萄制成。(葡萄糖是由酒化酶的催化作用下发酵变成酒精的,已发生了化学变化)
Paper is made of wood. 纸张是由木头做成的。(纸中已看不出它的原材料是木头)
Bread is made from flour. 面包由面粉做成。
be made of表示材料,一般表示从物体的外观上看得出原来的材料,这些材料在做成这个物体时,只是发生了一些物理变化,也可以用be made out of表示材料,如:
This salad is made of cucumber and lettuce. 这种沙拉是由小黄瓜和莴苣做成的。
This pair of shoes is made of leather. 这双鞋子是由皮革做成的。
I made my bicycle out of four old ones. 我用四辆旧的自行车拼成了我的自行车。
介词of和from的区别
①of(属于)……的;表示……的数量或种类
?This is a map of china. 这是一幅中国地图。
?Will you please give me a cup of tea? 请您给我一杯茶好吗?
②from来自(某地、某人);以……起始(时间或地点)
?I’m from Nanjing. 我是南京人。
?We work from Monday to Friday. 我们从星期一到星期五上班。
介词易错点
〔误〕Three days after he died.
〔正〕 After three days he died.   
〔正〕Three days later he died.
 〔析〕after 与 later都可以用来表达一段时间之后,但它们所处的位置不同,after 在时间词前,而later在时间词后。2-1-c-n-j-y
2.〔误〕She hid herself after the tree. 〔正〕She hid herself behind the tree.
 〔析〕after多用来表达某动作之后,所以有的语法书中称它为动态介词,如:I run after him. After finishing my homework, I went to see a film. 而behind则多用于静态事物之后。
3.〔误〕There is a beautiful bird on the tree. 〔正〕There is a beautiful bird in the tree.
 〔析〕树上长出的果实,树叶要用on, 而其他外来的人、物体均要用in the tree.
4.〔误〕Shanghai is on the east of China. 〔正〕Shanghai is in the east of China.
 〔析〕在表达地理位置时有3个介词:in, on, to。in表示在某范围之内; on表示与某地区接壤;to则表示不相接。如:Japan is to the east of China.
5.〔误〕I arrived at New York on July 2nd. 〔正〕I arrived in New York on July 2nd.【出处:21教育名师】
 〔析〕at用来表达较小的地方,而in用来表达较大的地方。at常用于at the school gate, at home, at a bus stop, at the station, at the cinema, at a small village。
〔误〕Do you know there is some good news on todays newspaper?
〔正〕Do you know there is some good news in todays newspaper?
〔析〕在报纸上的新闻要用in, 而在具体某一版上,或某一页上则要用on。
〔误〕Ill leave Beijing to Shanghai tomorrow.
〔正〕 Ill leave Beijing for Shanghai.
〔正〕Ill leave for Shanghai.
 〔析〕leave for 是离开某地去某处的固定搭配,不可将for改为别的介词。这样的搭配还有:start for 动身前往某处,set out for,sail for。
be good at / be good with / be good to / be good for 的区别21*cnjy*com
be good 后接不同的介词,表达的意思也不同。
1)be good at 意为"擅长……",后接名词、代词或ving形式。
I’m good at playing chess. 我擅长下象棋。
2)be good with意为"灵巧的;与……相处得好"。
She is good with her hands. 她手很巧。
He is very good with the children. 他与这些孩子处得很好。
3)be good to意为"对……友好"。
My friend was good to me when I was ill. 我生病时我的朋友对我关怀备至。 2-1-c-n-j-y
4)be good for意为 "对……有好处"。
Eating more vegetables is good for your health. 多吃蔬菜对你的健康有好处。
at, on与in的区别
at
常用于钟点(某时某刻)前或某些固定短语中
at 8:00 在8点钟
at night 在晚上
on
常用于"日期、星期几"等具体某天前,也用于具体某天的上午、下午或晚上前
on June 11th在6月11日
on Friday 在星期五
in
常用于"月、年、季节"等前,也可用于一天中的上午、下午或晚上前
in 2006 在2006年
in May 在五月
in winter 在冬天
in the morning 在早上
at用于表示时刻、时间的某一点
at lunch在午饭时 at breakfast早餐时 at noon正午时 at night在夜间
at that time那时 at the moment此刻,目前 at the same time同时 at times偶尔,有时
at nine在九点钟 at first开始的时候,起初 at last最后 21世纪教育网版权所有
?We usually have lunch at noon/ at twelve. 我们通常中午吃午饭(十二点吃午饭)。21*cnjy*com
注意:表示时间的名词前有this, last, next, every等修饰时,其前面不加介词。
this morning今天早上 last Monday上周一 every week每周
on用于表示某天,某一天的上、下午(指具体的某一时,一律用on)
on Monday 在周一 on Monday evening 在周一晚上
on Tuesday morning 在周二早上 on June 6在6月6日
on May 4,2016 在2016年5月4日 on a cold night在一个寒冷的夜晚
on that day在那天 on Christmas Day在圣诞节那天
on time准时 on the night of July(the)first 在七月一日的夜晚
?We didn’t listen to the lecture on Wednesday afternoon. 周三下午我们没去听演讲。
in用于表示周、月、 季节、年和泛指的上午、下午、晚上(指在一段时间内)。
in the week在这周 in the holiday在假期中
in May 在五月 in 1995在1995年
in summer在夏季 in Spring在春季
in autumn在秋季 in winter在冬季
in September, 1995 在1995年9月 in the morning 在上午 www-2-1-cnjy-com【版权所有:21教育】
in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening在晚上
in the 21st century在二十一世纪 in time及时
in an hour一个小时后 in a minute一会儿,立刻
?The plane took off on time.飞机准时起飞了。
?People go skating in winter. 人们冬天去滑冰。
?Do they work in the day time or at night? 他们是白天工作还是夜里工作?【来源:21cnj*y.co*m】
?解题技能
对于介词的考察,通常是以单项选择或完形填空形式考查介词用法,尤其是几个易混淆的代词。另外,介词与动词和形容词构成的固定搭配也是常见的考试内容。
中考对介词的考查主要是介词的基本用法和介词的辨析。
学习重点应放在以下三点:
1.表时间,地点,方式等介词的用法;
2.介词短语及介词与其他词的搭配使用;
3.同义或近义介词辨析。
?1年模拟
1.(云南普洱市思茅第三中学月考)Uncle Wang knows a lot about the world _________ watching TV.
A. by B. at C. to D. for
【答案】A
【解析】句意:王叔叔通过看电视对世界了解很多。by通过……,表示方式,符合句意。
2.(江苏盐城射阳实验初中期中)—I will go to visit Sanya this summer holiday.
—Really? Sanya is famous _________ its beautiful beaches. Be sure to go to the beaches.
A. to B. for C. as D. with
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——今年暑假我要去三亚旅游。——真的吗?三亚因美丽的沙滩而著名。你一定要去海滩。be famous for因……而著名。根据句意可知选B。
3.(年上海浦东新区期中)Both teachers and students are busy _________ June.
A. with B. in C. on D. at
【答案】B
【解析】句意:在六月,教师和学生都很忙。在月、年和季节前要用介词in。故选B。
4. Can you see the cat hiding _________ the tree?
A. on B. under C. over D. in
【答案】D
5. The litter bin _________ the corner of the room is a present from my brother.
A. at B. on C. in D. among
【答案】C
【解析】在角落里的表达有:in the corner,on the corner,at the corner。in the corner是指房角的内面,即在房间的角落里。at the comer指街角的外面,即在马路角旁。on the corner是指角的本身,不是角的内面,也不是角的外面,而是内外兼有。"在街角上有一家杂货店"的表达为:There is a grocery on the corner.。故选C。*
6. (新疆乌鲁木齐市第九十八中学)Harry’s mom looks young and beautiful. It’s hard to imagine she is already _________ her _________.
A. in; fifty B. in; fifties C. on; fifties D. in; fiftieth
【答案】B
【解析】句意:哈利的妈妈看起来年轻、漂亮。很难想象她已经五十几岁了。in one’s fifties某人五十几岁,故选B。
7. (广东省初中毕业生学业考试模拟)Pony Ma, the Chairman of Tencent Company, has made much money _________ the Internet.
A. along B. across C. towards D. through
【答案】D
【解析】句意:马化腾,腾讯公司的主席,通过互联赚了很多钱。along沿着;across穿过;towards朝,向;through穿过,通过。根据句意可知,这里表示通过……方式,故应选D。
8. (重庆市万盛经济技术开发区九年级上学期期末模拟)Thank you _________ inviting me to your part.
A. for B. of C. with D. to
【答案】A
9. (上海市黄浦区九年级4月学业模拟考试)Everybody rose and clapped their hands _________ the end of the concert.21*cnjy*com
A. by B. in C. at D. for
【答案】C
【解析】句意:音乐会结束时,大家起立鼓掌。考查介词短语辨析。固定短语:at the end of…在……末尾/结尾;in the end最终,最后,副词短语;by the end of到……为止。结合句意和语境可知选C。