专题03 冠词
解读考点
冠词的定义
冠词是一种虚词。没有词义,没有数和格的变化,不能单独使用。它位于名词前面,只能帮助名词或起名词作用的其它词说明其意义。习惯上人们把冠词分为不定冠词(a/an)和定冠词(the)两种。英语中冠词虽少,但是它们的使用频率却相当高。
直击考点
1.不定冠词
2.定冠词
3.零冠词
【名师点睛】
不定冠词 a / an 的用法
冠词位于名词之前,用来修饰名词并帮助说明名词的含义的词叫做冠词。
冠词分为定冠词和不定冠词。不定冠词( a / an)不定冠词有 a 和 an 两种形式。 以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前用 a,以元音音素开头的单数可数名词前用 an。 不定冠词的用法列举如下:
1、用于单数可数名词前,表示一类。
① A train goes faster than a horse. 火车比马快。
2、第一次提到某人或某物。 The old man has a son. 这位老人有一个儿子。
表示单位,意思是“ 每一” 。 My friend calls me once a week. 我朋友一周打一次电话给我。
4、用在表示职业或身份的名词前。 My mother is an office worker. 我的妈妈是办公室职员。
5、用在 what 引导的感叹句中的单数可数名词前。
What a difficult problem! 多么难的问题啊!
用于固定短语中。
(1)have a swim/walk/talk/dance/look=swim/walk/ talk/dance/look
(2)have a cold,have a good time,keep a diary,in a hurry.once in a while,at a loss(不知所措),for a while,once upon a time,all of a sudden,tell a lie,do sb.a favor,at a distance(隔开一段距离)
(3)what a/such a/quite a/rather a+单数可数名词
too/as/so/how/however + adi+ a+单数可数名词
1. a和an都用于可数名词单数前,泛指人和物。表示可数事物中的一个。但两者用法有区别:
(1)若随后的单词以辅音音素开头,用 a。如:a lot of,a good idea,a pear。
(2)若随后的单词以元音音素开头,用 an。如:an example,an orange,an apple。
注意:某些以元音字母开头的单词用a,因为其第一个音是/j/。如:a university,a European language。
某些以字母 h 开头的单词用an,因为这些单词的"h"不发音。如:an honest boy,an hour ago。
序号 用法 例句
1 表示数量"一"的概念 There is a football behind the door. 门后有一个足球。
2 指事物的单位,有"每一"的意思 You’d better take this medicine three times a day. 你最好每天三次服用这种药。He goes to the library twice a week. 他每周去图书馆两次。
3 表示同一类人或事物中的任何一个 A bird can fly. 鸟会飞。
4 用于第一次提到的某人或某物前 A Mr. Smith is looking for you. 有位史密斯先生正在找你。
5 用于某些物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词前 A heavy rain fell yesterday. 昨天下了一场大雨。Listening to music is really a good pleasure. 听音乐的确是一种很好的娱乐方式。
6 表示"同一"的概念,相当于the same the same The two flowers look different, but they are of a kind. 这两朵花看上去不同,但是为同一类的。
7 用于一些固定搭配中 in a hurry匆忙地,make a choice做选择,have a good time玩得高兴,a number of许多
【知识拓展】
1. 同源宾语前不定冠词的使用:动宾短语中,与动词"同源"的名词前一般要加不定冠诃,如:sleep a sound sleep 睡得很香 fight a hard fight 进行艰苦的斗争;dream a sweet dream 做一个甜美的梦 live a happy life 过幸福的生活;smile an attractive smile 笑得迷人2. 惯用短语中的不定冠词have a word with sb 同某人谈话 have a try 试一下 have a good time 玩得高兴 have a look 看一看have a headache 头痛 have a good sleep 好好睡一觉go for a walk 散步 take a bath 洗澡tell a lie 撒谎 wait a moment 等一会with a smile 微笑着 with an effort 努力地as a result 因此 once in a while 偶尔for a moment/ while 一会儿 in a hurry 匆忙地 make a face 做鬼脸 do sb a favour 帮某人忙take an active part in 积极参加 at a time 每次 as a whole 作为整体 all of a sudden 突然 once upon a time 从前 in a word 总之
【助记】
冠词的用法口诀名词有两"冠",定冠不定冠,定冠就是the,不定a和an。先分特泛指,确定大路线。泛指不定无,特指the定冠。泛指可数单,须用a或an;辅音前用a,an在元音前;复数不可数,泛指不用冠;前有代词限;冠词不再见。
定冠词 the 的用法
1.特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。
The pen is in the pencil box. 这支钢笔在这个文具盒里。
2.用于谈话双方都知道的名词前。 Can you open the door, please 请你把门打开,好吗?
3.用于第二次提到的人或事物的名词前。
There is a cat under that tree. The cat is Lily’s. 那棵树下有一只猫,那只猫是莉莉的。
4.用在表示独一无二的名词前。
the sun 太阳, the earth 地球, the moon 月亮
5.用于江、河、湖、海、山、川、岛屿等名词前。
the West Lake 西湖, the Yellow River 黄河, the Atlantic 大西洋
6.用于乐器名词前。
The little girl can play the violin. 这个小女孩会拉小提琴。
7.用在姓氏复数形式之前,表示某人一家或夫妇二人。
The Whites are going to the zoo. 怀特一家人准备去动物园。
8.用在序数词和形容词最高级前。
September is the ninth month of the year. 9月是一年中的第九个月份。
9.和某些形容词连用表示一类人。
⑦ old should be spoken to politely by the young. 年轻人对老年人讲话应有礼貌。
10.用在固定搭配中。
in the morning在早晨 in the end最后 on the whole总之 on the right在右边
the next morning第二天早上 go to the cinema去看电影
all the year round全年 at the same time同时
on the other hand另一方面 the other day不久前的某天
in the distance在远处 for the time being暂时
at the moment此刻 in the way挡道
out of the question不可能 by the way顺便说一下
三.不用冠词的情况
1.表示乘某种交通工具,用“ by + 名词”,名词必须用单数形式,并且在它前面不能加任何冠词。
I usually go to school by bike. 我通常骑自行车去学校。
2.在季节、月份、星期几等名词前。
There are four seasons in a year. They are spring, summer, autumn and winter. 一年有四季,它们是春、夏、秋、冬。
What do you often do on Sundays 周日你经常做什么?
3.在表示体育运动的名词前。
We often play football on Friday afternoon. 周五下午我们通常踢足球。
4.在表示一般意义而不是特指的可数名词复数和不可数名词前。
Watching TV too much is bad for your health. 看电视过多有害你的健康。
5.在序数词前出现形容词性物主代词或名词所有格时,序数词前不加冠词。
This is her third time to go to Hainan. 这是她第三次去海南。
6.在三餐和表示的名词之前。 He had lunch at school yesterday. 他昨天在学校吃的午饭。
7.在某些固定词组或习语中。 in hospital 在医院 at school 在学校 at home 在家
2年中考
[2017年题组]
1.(2017 四川南充)—Who’s _____________ boy under the tree
—Bill. He’s _____________ active boy.
A. a, an B. a, the C. the, a D. the, an
2. (2017 山东青岛)Look! There is _____________ bottle on the table.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
3. (2017 四川成都)I want to be _____________ engineer when I grow up.
A. a B. an C. the
4. (2017 上海中考)Christine is selling her house, but on _____________ other hand she doesn’t want to move.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
5. (2017 湖北省随州市中考)Lang Lang is _____________ famous pianist. He plays _____________ piano very well.
A. a; the B. the; the C. the; / D. a; /
6. (2017 吉林省中考)—Do you know _____________ boy over there
—Yes, he is my brother, Li Lei.
A. the B. an C. a
[2016年题组]
1.(2016﹒重庆江津中考)She likes playing _____________ chess while her sister likes playing _____________ piano.
A. the;the B. the;/ C. /;the D. /;/
2.(2016﹒吉林实验中考)I had _____________ awful dream last night because I watched _____________ scary movie before going to bed.
A. an;an B. a;a C. an;a D. the;an
3. (2016﹒吉林实验中考)France is _____________ European country.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
4. (2016﹒四川雅安中考)Look, Simon, _____________ walkman that I bought last year isn’t working properly.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
5. (2016﹒中考)—My son seldom has _____________ breakfast.
—It is _____________ unhealthy habit. You must ask him to change it.
A. the;an B. /;an C. /;a D. the;a
考点归纳
序号 情况 例句
1 物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词前 Electricity is a form of energy. 电是一种能量形式。(物质名词)Music can bring people pleasure. 音乐可以带给人们快乐。(抽象名词)Van is a beautiful city. 西安是一座美丽的城市。(专有名词)
2 季节、月份、星期、节日、假日等名词前 Winter is my favourite season because I can make snowmen. 冬天是我最喜爱的季节,因为我可以堆雪人。June 1 is Children’s Day. 六月一日是儿童节。注意:民族节日前要加the。如:the Spring Festival
3 表示泛指的复数名词前 Books are our friends. 书是我们的朋友。
4 一日三餐的名词前 I go to school without breakfast. 我没有吃早餐就去上学
5 球类运动、棋类的名词前 My father often plays chess with me when he is free. 我父亲有空的时候经常和我下棋。
6 表示独一无二的职位、头指、称呼的名词前 He was elected the chairman of the committee. 他破选举为委员会主席。
7 表示、学的名词前 I was not good at physics when I was in the middle school. 当我上初中时,我物理学得不好。
8 有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词等限定词修饰的名词前 Miss Zhang is our English teacher. 张老师是我们的英语老师。Some kids entered the park through that door. 一些孩子从那扇门进入了公园。
9 表示交通方式或通讯方式的名词前 Tom went to America by ship. 汤姆是坐船去的美国。Did you send the file by email 你是用电子邮件发送的文件吗?
10 某些固定搭配中不用冠词 all night 在晚上,at first 起初,on time 按时,in fact 事实上,at home在家里,go to bed 上床睡觉,after school放学后,by hand手工
【知识拓展】
冠词的省略主要指可用可不用冠词的情况。有以下几种:
1. 文章标题、书名、广告语中等,在不引起歧义的情况下,冠词可以省略,从而使行文更加简明。
Fully furnished flat to let 全新装修公寓出租(广告)
2. 两个并列名词前面都有相同冠词时,第二个名词前的冠词常被省略。
Is the baby a boy or (a) girl 这个宝宝是男孩还是女孩?
易错易混
不定冠词 a,an 的区别 a 用在以辅音音素开头的单词前,an 用在以元音音素开头的单词前,判断一个词是元音开头,还是辅音开头,是根据其读音,而不是根据其字母。
如: It’s an interesting movie. 它是一部很有趣的电影。
There is an “ h” in the word “ hour” . 单词 hour里面有一个 h。
在 26个字母中,前面用 an 的字母有“ a, e, f, h, i, l,m, n, o, r, s, x” ,其他用 a。
(2)要注意区别以 u 开头的单词 an umbrella, an unusual story, an unhappy boy, a university, a useful book
【速记口诀】 确定用“ a” 还是“ an” ,不看字母看读音: 不见“ 原因(元音) ” 别施“ 恩(n) ” 。 2、有、无定冠词的区别 以下词组中加定冠词 the 或不加冠词时,意义有较大差异。
in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院 at table 在吃饭 at the table 坐在桌边 in prison 坐牢 in the prison 在监狱里 in front of 在( 外部的)前面 in the front of 在( 内部的)前部 go to school 上学 go to the school 到那所学校去 go to college 上大学 go to the college 到那所大学去 leave school 毕业 leave the school 离开学校 on earth 究竟 on the earth 在地球上
序数词前面用定冠词与不定冠词的区别
“ the + 序数词” 表示“ 第几” ;“ a + 序数词” 表示“ 又一,再一” 。
如: You are so close to the answer. Try a second time. 你很接近答案了,再试一次。
a number of 与 the number of a number of 意思是“ 许多”,相当于 a lot of;the number of 意思是“ ……的数目,……的数量 ” ,作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。
如: A number of people come here on vocation in summer. 许多人夏天的时候来这里度假。
The number of the birds is decreasing every year. 每年鸟的数量都在递减。
a、an 特殊位置
当名词被 such, half, what 修饰时,不定冠词放在这些词后。
如: I have never seen such a beautiful bird before. 我从未见过如此美丽的鸟儿。
He bought half a kilo of pork. 他买了半斤猪肉。
What an amazing flower! 多迷人的花儿呀!
当名词前面的形容词前有 so,how,too 等词时,不定冠词应放在形容词后。
如: He is so forgetful a person that you have to remind him of something again and again. 他是如此健忘的一个人,一件事你不得不一遍一遍地提醒他。
How tall a tree it is! 这树多高呀!
当名词前面有形容词 quite,rather 或 very 时,不定冠词置于 quite 和 rather 之后,very 之前。
如: quite an attractive film 一部吸引人的电影
rather a lazy guy 一个相当懒惰的家伙
a very smart boy 一个非常机灵的男孩
解题技能
1、 根据对冠词部分全国各地中考试题的分析可知,今后该部分考点主要分布在单项选择、完形填空和短文改错三大题型之中。冠词和数词部分主要考查的有:
2、 不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词的基本用法。
3、 冠词常见的习惯搭配用法。
4、 部分物质名词抽象名词具体化之后的冠词用法。
5、 冠词的位置
6.基数词的用法
7.序数词的用法
1年模拟
1.(=江苏无锡丁蜀学区六校联考)Tommy is _____________ honest boy. He is _____________ strongest boy in our class.
A. an;an B. an;the C. an;a D a;/
2. (福建南安九都中学等四校第一次阶段联考)My brother wants _____________ orange, not _____________ orange juice.
A. a;/ B. an;an C. an;/
3. (江苏泰州沿江区域九年级第二次模拟)—What _____________ cold weather!
—Yes. But it’s _____________ unusual experience for us who live in a hot place.
A. an;an B. /;a C. /;an D. a;an
4. (云南省大理市中考英语模拟)—May 13th is _____________ unlucky day for Mike.
—I think so. He lost both his girlfriend and his program.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
5. (江苏省南京市中考英语模拟)Lost in Hong Kong directed by Xu Zheng is _____________ interesting film. Most people like it.
A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
6. 阅读理解(辽宁省营口市九年级下学期第一次模拟考试)
As prices and building costs keep rising, the “do-it-yourself” (DIY) trend (趋势) in the U.S. continues to grow. “We needed furniture (家具) for our living room,” says John Ross, “and we just didn’t have enough money to buy it. So we decided to try making a few tables and chairs.” John got married six months ago, and like many young people these days, they are struggling to make a home at a time when the cost of living is very high. The Rosses took a 2-week course for $280 at a night school. Now they build all their furniture and make repairs around the house.
Jim Hatfield has three boys and his wife died. Jim has a full-time job at home as well as in a shoe making factory. Last month, he received a car repair bill for$420. “I was deeply upset about it. Now I’ve finished a car repair course. I should be able to fix the car by myself.”
John and Jim are not unusual people. Many families in the country are doing everything they can to save money so they can fight the high cost of living.
If you want to become a “do-it-yourselfer”, you can go to DIY classes. And for those who don’t have time to take a course, there are books that tell you how you can do things yourself.
【小题1】We can learn from the text that many newly married people____________.
A. find it hard to pay for what they need
B. have to learn to make their own furniture
C. take DIY courses run by the government
D. seldom go to a department store to buy things
【小题2】 Jim Hatfield decided to become a do-it-yourselfer when____________.
A. his car repairs cost too much B. the car repair class was not helpful
C. he could not possibly do two jobs D. he had to raise the children all by himself
【小题3】What would be the best title for the text
A. The joy of DIY. B. You can do it too!
C. Welcome to our DIY course! D. Ross and Hatfield: believers in DIY. 解读考点
冠词的定义
冠词是一种虚词。没有词义,没有数和格的变化,不能单独使用。它位于名词前面,只能帮助名词或起名词作用的其它词说明其意义。习惯上人们把冠词分为不定冠词(a/an)和定冠词(the)两种。英语中冠词虽少,但是它们的使用频率却相当高。
直击考点
1.不定冠词
2.定冠词
3.零冠词
【名师点睛】
不定冠词 a / an 的用法
冠词位于名词之前,用来修饰名词并帮助说明名词的含义的词叫做冠词。
冠词分为定冠词和不定冠词。不定冠词( a / an)不定冠词有 a 和 an 两种形式。 以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前用 a,以元音音素开头的单数可数名词前用 an。 不定冠词的用法列举如下:
1、用于单数可数名词前,表示一类。
① A train goes faster than a horse. 火车比马快。
2、第一次提到某人或某物。 The old man has a son. 这位老人有一个儿子。
表示单位,意思是“ 每一” 。 My friend calls me once a week. 我朋友一周打一次电话给我。
4、用在表示职业或身份的名词前。 My mother is an office worker. 我的妈妈是办公室职员。
5、用在 what 引导的感叹句中的单数可数名词前。
What a difficult problem! 多么难的问题啊!
用于固定短语中。
(1)have a swim/walk/talk/dance/look=swim/walk/ talk/dance/look
(2)have a cold,have a good time,keep a diary,in a hurry.once in a while,at a loss(不知所措),for a while,once upon a time,all of a sudden,tell a lie,do sb.a favor,at a distance(隔开一段距离)
(3)what a/such a/quite a/rather a+单数可数名词
too/as/so/how/however + adi+ a+单数可数名词
1. a和an都用于可数名词单数前,泛指人和物。表示可数事物中的一个。但两者用法有区别:
(1)若随后的单词以辅音音素开头,用 a。如:a lot of,a good idea,a pear。
(2)若随后的单词以元音音素开头,用 an。如:an example,an orange,an apple。
注意:某些以元音字母开头的单词用a,因为其第一个音是/j/。如:a university,a European language。
某些以字母 h 开头的单词用an,因为这些单词的"h"不发音。如:an honest boy,an hour ago。
序号 用法 例句
1 表示数量"一"的概念 There is a football behind the door. 门后有一个足球。
2 指事物的单位,有"每一"的意思 You’d better take this medicine three times a day. 你最好每天三次服用这种药。He goes to the library twice a week. 他每周去图书馆两次。
3 表示同一类人或事物中的任何一个 A bird can fly. 鸟会飞。
4 用于第一次提到的某人或某物前 A Mr. Smith is looking for you. 有位史密斯先生正在找你。
5 用于某些物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词前 A heavy rain fell yesterday. 昨天下了一场大雨。Listening to music is really a good pleasure. 听音乐的确是一种很好的娱乐方式。
6 表示"同一"的概念,相当于the same the same The two flowers look different, but they are of a kind. 这两朵花看上去不同,但是为同一类的。
7 用于一些固定搭配中 in a hurry匆忙地,make a choice做选择,have a good time玩得高兴,a number of许多
【知识拓展】
1. 同源宾语前不定冠词的使用:动宾短语中,与动词"同源"的名词前一般要加不定冠诃,如:sleep a sound sleep 睡得很香 fight a hard fight 进行艰苦的斗争;dream a sweet dream 做一个甜美的梦 live a happy life 过幸福的生活;smile an attractive smile 笑得迷人2. 惯用短语中的不定冠词have a word with sb 同某人谈话 have a try 试一下 have a good time 玩得高兴 have a look 看一看have a headache 头痛 have a good sleep 好好睡一觉go for a walk 散步 take a bath 洗澡tell a lie 撒谎 wait a moment 等一会with a smile 微笑着 with an effort 努力地as a result 因此 once in a while 偶尔for a moment/ while 一会儿 in a hurry 匆忙地 make a face 做鬼脸 do sb a favour 帮某人忙take an active part in 积极参加 at a time 每次 as a whole 作为整体 all of a sudden 突然 once upon a time 从前 in a word 总之
【助记】
冠词的用法口诀名词有两"冠",定冠不定冠,定冠就是the,不定a和an。先分特泛指,确定大路线。泛指不定无,特指the定冠。泛指可数单,须用a或an;辅音前用a,an在元音前;复数不可数,泛指不用冠;前有代词限;冠词不再见。
定冠词 the 的用法
1.特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。
The pen is in the pencil box. 这支钢笔在这个文具盒里。
2.用于谈话双方都知道的名词前。 Can you open the door, please 请你把门打开,好吗?
3.用于第二次提到的人或事物的名词前。
There is a cat under that tree. The cat is Lily’s. 那棵树下有一只猫,那只猫是莉莉的。
4.用在表示独一无二的名词前。
the sun 太阳, the earth 地球, the moon 月亮
5.用于江、河、湖、海、山、川、岛屿等名词前。
the West Lake 西湖, the Yellow River 黄河, the Atlantic 大西洋
6.用于乐器名词前。
The little girl can play the violin. 这个小女孩会拉小提琴。
7.用在姓氏复数形式之前,表示某人一家或夫妇二人。
The Whites are going to the zoo. 怀特一家人准备去动物园。
8.用在序数词和形容词最高级前。
September is the ninth month of the year. 9月是一年中的第九个月份。
9.和某些形容词连用表示一类人。
⑦ old should be spoken to politely by the young. 年轻人对老年人讲话应有礼貌。
10.用在固定搭配中。
in the morning在早晨 in the end最后 on the whole总之 on the right在右边
the next morning第二天早上 go to the cinema去看电影
all the year round全年 at the same time同时
on the other hand另一方面 the other day不久前的某天
in the distance在远处 for the time being暂时
at the moment此刻 in the way挡道
out of the question不可能 by the way顺便说一下
三.不用冠词的情况
1.表示乘某种交通工具,用“ by + 名词”,名词必须用单数形式,并且在它前面不能加任何冠词。
I usually go to school by bike. 我通常骑自行车去学校。
2.在季节、月份、星期几等名词前。
There are four seasons in a year. They are spring, summer, autumn and winter. 一年有四季,它们是春、夏、秋、冬。
What do you often do on Sundays 周日你经常做什么?
3.在表示体育运动的名词前。
We often play football on Friday afternoon. 周五下午我们通常踢足球。
4.在表示一般意义而不是特指的可数名词复数和不可数名词前。
Watching TV too much is bad for your health. 看电视过多有害你的健康。
5.在序数词前出现形容词性物主代词或名词所有格时,序数词前不加冠词。
This is her third time to go to Hainan. 这是她第三次去海南。
6.在三餐和表示的名词之前。 He had lunch at school yesterday. 他昨天在学校吃的午饭。
7.在某些固定词组或习语中。 in hospital 在医院 at school 在学校 at home 在家
2年中考
[2017年题组]
1.(2017 四川南充)—Who’s _____________ boy under the tree
—Bill. He’s _____________ active boy.
A. a, an B. a, the C. the, a D. the, an
【答案】D
2. (2017 山东青岛)Look! There is _____________ bottle on the table.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】A
【解析】考查冠词的用法。句意:看!在桌子上有一个瓶子。there be句型表示某地存在某物,所以当物体是可数名词单数时经常加冠词a/an表示类别。根据bottle以辅音音素开头,所以用不定冠词a,故选A。
3. (2017 四川成都)I want to be _____________ engineer when I grow up.
A. a B. an C. the
【答案】B
【解析】考查冠词的用法。句意:我想当我长大了当一名志愿者。这里表示的是泛指,所以用不定冠词; engineer是以元音音素开头的单词,其前用an。故选B。&
4. (2017 上海中考)Christine is selling her house, but on _____________ other hand she doesn’t want to move.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】C
【解析】考查冠词的用法。句意:Christine在卖自己的房子,但另一方面她又不想搬家。on the other hand在另一方面,是一个固定短语,属于特指,用定冠词。排除A/B/D三个,故选C。
5. (2017 湖北省随州市中考)Lang Lang is _____________ famous pianist. He plays _____________ piano very well.
A. a; the B. the; the C. the; / D. a; /
【答案】A
【解析】考查冠词的用法。句意:郎朗是一位著名的钢琴家。他钢琴弹得很好。a用于辅音前,乐器前面不加the。故选A。
6. (2017 吉林省中考)—Do you know _____________ boy over there
—Yes, he is my brother, Li Lei.
A. the B. an C. a
【答案】A
[2016年题组]
1.(2016﹒重庆江津中考)She likes playing _____________ chess while her sister likes playing _____________ piano.
A. the;the B. the;/ C. /;the D. /;/
【答案】C
【解析】句意:她喜欢下象棋然而她妹妹喜欢弹钢琴。play+棋类,play+the+乐器类。故选C。
2.(2016﹒吉林实验中考)I had _____________ awful dream last night because I watched _____________ scary movie before going to bed.
A. an;an B. a;a C. an;a D. the;an
【答案】C
3. (2016﹒吉林实验中考)France is _____________ European country.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】A
【解析】句意:法国是一个欧洲国家。European是辅音音素开头,故用不定冠词a来修饰。故选A。
4. (2016﹒四川雅安中考)Look, Simon, _____________ walkman that I bought last year isn’t working properly.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】C
【解析】句意:看,Simon,去年我买的随身听不能正常工作了。根据句意可知是指双方都知道的事物,是特指,所以要用定冠词the,故选C。学@
5. (2016﹒中考)—My son seldom has _____________ breakfast.
—It is _____________ unhealthy habit. You must ask him to change it.
A. the;an B. /;an C. /;a D. the;a
【答案】B
考点归纳
序号 情况 例句
1 物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词前 Electricity is a form of energy. 电是一种能量形式。(物质名词)Music can bring people pleasure. 音乐可以带给人们快乐。(抽象名词)Van is a beautiful city. 西安是一座美丽的城市。(专有名词)
2 季节、月份、星期、节日、假日等名词前 Winter is my favourite season because I can make snowmen. 冬天是我最喜爱的季节,因为我可以堆雪人。June 1 is Children’s Day. 六月一日是儿童节。注意:民族节日前要加the。如:the Spring Festival
3 表示泛指的复数名词前 Books are our friends. 书是我们的朋友。
4 一日三餐的名词前 I go to school without breakfast. 我没有吃早餐就去上学
5 球类运动、棋类的名词前 My father often plays chess with me when he is free. 我父亲有空的时候经常和我下棋。
6 表示独一无二的职位、头指、称呼的名词前 He was elected the chairman of the committee. 他破选举为委员会主席。
7 表示、学的名词前 I was not good at physics when I was in the middle school. 当我上初中时,我物理学得不好。
8 有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词等限定词修饰的名词前 Miss Zhang is our English teacher. 张老师是我们的英语老师。Some kids entered the park through that door. 一些孩子从那扇门进入了公园。
9 表示交通方式或通讯方式的名词前 Tom went to America by ship. 汤姆是坐船去的美国。Did you send the file by email 你是用电子邮件发送的文件吗?
10 某些固定搭配中不用冠词 all night 在晚上,at first 起初,on time 按时,in fact 事实上,at home在家里,go to bed 上床睡觉,after school放学后,by hand手工
【知识拓展】
冠词的省略主要指可用可不用冠词的情况。有以下几种:
1. 文章标题、书名、广告语中等,在不引起歧义的情况下,冠词可以省略,从而使行文更加简明。
Fully furnished flat to let 全新装修公寓出租(广告)
2. 两个并列名词前面都有相同冠词时,第二个名词前的冠词常被省略。
Is the baby a boy or (a) girl 这个宝宝是男孩还是女孩?
易错易混
不定冠词 a,an 的区别 a 用在以辅音音素开头的单词前,an 用在以元音音素开头的单词前,判断一个词是元音开头,还是辅音开头,是根据其读音,而不是根据其字母。
如: It’s an interesting movie. 它是一部很有趣的电影。
There is an “ h” in the word “ hour” . 单词 hour里面有一个 h。
在 26个字母中,前面用 an 的字母有“ a, e, f, h, i, l,m, n, o, r, s, x” ,其他用 a。
(2)要注意区别以 u 开头的单词 an umbrella, an unusual story, an unhappy boy, a university, a useful book
【速记口诀】 确定用“ a” 还是“ an” ,不看字母看读音: 不见“ 原因(元音) ” 别施“ 恩(n) ” 。 2、有、无定冠词的区别 以下词组中加定冠词 the 或不加冠词时,意义有较大差异。
in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院 at table 在吃饭 at the table 坐在桌边 in prison 坐牢 in the prison 在监狱里 in front of 在( 外部的)前面 in the front of 在( 内部的)前部 go to school 上学 go to the school 到那所学校去 go to college 上大学 go to the college 到那所大学去 leave school 毕业 leave the school 离开学校 on earth 究竟 on the earth 在地球上
序数词前面用定冠词与不定冠词的区别
“ the + 序数词” 表示“ 第几” ;“ a + 序数词” 表示“ 又一,再一” 。
如: You are so close to the answer. Try a second time. 你很接近答案了,再试一次。
a number of 与 the number of a number of 意思是“ 许多”,相当于 a lot of;the number of 意思是“ ……的数目,……的数量 ” ,作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。
如: A number of people come here on vocation in summer. 许多人夏天的时候来这里度假。
The number of the birds is decreasing every year. 每年鸟的数量都在递减。
a、an 特殊位置
当名词被 such, half, what 修饰时,不定冠词放在这些词后。
如: I have never seen such a beautiful bird before. 我从未见过如此美丽的鸟儿。
He bought half a kilo of pork. 他买了半斤猪肉。
What an amazing flower! 多迷人的花儿呀!
当名词前面的形容词前有 so,how,too 等词时,不定冠词应放在形容词后。
如: He is so forgetful a person that you have to remind him of something again and again. 他是如此健忘的一个人,一件事你不得不一遍一遍地提醒他。
How tall a tree it is! 这树多高呀!
当名词前面有形容词 quite,rather 或 very 时,不定冠词置于 quite 和 rather 之后,very 之前。
如: quite an attractive film 一部吸引人的电影
rather a lazy guy 一个相当懒惰的家伙
a very smart boy 一个非常机灵的男孩
解题技能
1、 根据对冠词部分全国各地中考试题的分析可知,今后该部分考点主要分布在单项选择、完形填空和短文改错三大题型之中。冠词和数词部分主要考查的有:
2、 不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词的基本用法。
3、 冠词常见的习惯搭配用法。
4、 部分物质名词抽象名词具体化之后的冠词用法。
5、 冠词的位置
6.基数词的用法
7.序数词的用法
1年模拟
1.(=江苏无锡丁蜀学区六校联考)Tommy is _____________ honest boy. He is _____________ strongest boy in our class.
A. an;an B. an;the C. an;a D a;/
【答案】B
【解析】句意:Tommy是一个诚实的男孩。在我们班中,他是最强壮的学生。泛指一名学生,用不定冠词,同时honest以元音音素开头,因此用不定冠词an;比较范围是全班学生,指最强壮的一个,最高级前加the,故选B。
2. (福建南安九都中学等四校第一次阶段联考)My brother wants _____________ orange, not _____________ orange juice.
A. a;/ B. an;an C. an;/
【答案】C
3. (江苏泰州沿江区域九年级第二次模拟)—What _____________ cold weather!
—Yes. But it’s _____________ unusual experience for us who live in a hot place.
A. an;an B. /;a C. /;an D. a;an
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——多么冷的天气!——是的,但是对于我们生活在炎热地区的人来说这是个不寻常的经历。weather不可数名词,所以其前不用不定冠词;experience在表示经历时是可数名词,unusual以元音音素开头,故选C。
4. (云南省大理市中考英语模拟)—May 13th is _____________ unlucky day for Mike.
—I think so. He lost both his girlfriend and his program.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】B
5. (江苏省南京市中考英语模拟)Lost in Hong Kong directed by Xu Zheng is _____________ interesting film. Most people like it.
A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
【答案】B
【解析】句意:被徐峥导演的Lost in Hong Kong是一部有趣的电影,大部分人们喜欢它。这里表示泛指用不定代词,interesting是以元音因素开头的,这里用an。根据题意,故选B。
6. 阅读理解(辽宁省营口市九年级下学期第一次模拟考试)
As prices and building costs keep rising, the “do-it-yourself” (DIY) trend (趋势) in the U.S. continues to grow. “We needed furniture (家具) for our living room,” says John Ross, “and we just didn’t have enough money to buy it. So we decided to try making a few tables and chairs.” John got married six months ago, and like many young people these days, they are struggling to make a home at a time when the cost of living is very high. The Rosses took a 2-week course for $280 at a night school. Now they build all their furniture and make repairs around the house.
Jim Hatfield has three boys and his wife died. Jim has a full-time job at home as well as in a shoe making factory. Last month, he received a car repair bill for$420. “I was deeply upset about it. Now I’ve finished a car repair course. I should be able to fix the car by myself.”
John and Jim are not unusual people. Many families in the country are doing everything they can to save money so they can fight the high cost of living.
If you want to become a “do-it-yourselfer”, you can go to DIY classes. And for those who don’t have time to take a course, there are books that tell you how you can do things yourself.
【小题1】We can learn from the text that many newly married people____________.
A. find it hard to pay for what they need
B. have to learn to make their own furniture
C. take DIY courses run by the government
D. seldom go to a department store to buy things
【小题2】 Jim Hatfield decided to become a do-it-yourselfer when____________.
A. his car repairs cost too much B. the car repair class was not helpful
C. he could not possibly do two jobs D. he had to raise the children all by himself
【小题3】What would be the best title for the text
A. The joy of DIY. B. You can do it too!
C. Welcome to our DIY course! D. Ross and Hatfield: believers in DIY.
【答案】
【小题1】A
【小题2】A
【小题3】B
【小题1】A细节理解题。根据第一段中John got married six months ago, and like many young people these days, they are struggling to make a home at a time when the cost of living is very high.可知因为生活费用高他们很难支付他们所需的东西,所以选A。
【小题2】A细节理解题。根据第二段中Last month, he received a car repair bill for $420.“I was deeply upset about it. 可知上个月,他收到了一个420美元的汽车维修账单。“我为它感到非常难过”。故选A。
【小题3】B标题归纳题。根据整篇短文主要叙述的是要自己动手做一些力所能及的事情以减少自己的生活开支,可知该选B。
考点:日常生活类阅读。