专题十二 短文改错题解题技巧
分析近五年各地的中考试题,发现短文改错题涉及的知识面越来越广,错题形式越来越活,很多同学觉得短文改错很难,无从下手,遇到该题就发慌,导致得分率较低,这主要是因为同学们对短文改错题考查的目的与内容不清楚, 找不到正确的切入点。因此, 要在这一题中获得高分, 首先要了解短文改错题的“错”设在哪里, 为什么在这里设“错”。短文改错的题型一般有四种: ①错词; ②漏词; ⑨多词; ④无错。了解题型有助于同学们避免在判断时出现方向性失误。
短文改错参考原则:
1.改动以最少为原则; 2.虚词以添加或删除为原则; 3.实词以改变词形为原则; 4.以保持句子原意为原则;
5.核对错项时,若的确有一时难以改出的地方,可以参考所改动项是否基本符合“1:1:8”的比例:即多一词1个,缺词1个,错词8个;
6.核对改正的语法项目是否有重复,因为短文改错往往覆盖面广,一般不会出现重复考查某个语法点的现象;
7.核对答题符号是否规范,位置是否准确,看看有无遗漏符号,忽略字母大小写和拼写等问题。
技巧一:浏览全文, 掌握大意。
该题型并非纯单句改错,因此考生应首先快速浏览全文,理解大意,把握全篇主旨,弄清上下文的逻辑关系。解短文改错题要以句子为单位而不是孤立地以行为单位,理解句子要到全句结束。要注意行首与行尾之间的关系,上下文之间的逻辑关系。如果孤立地分析某个句子,其结构正确、语意通顺,但如联系上下文,便会发现该句中有不合逻辑的地方。阅读时, 如有较明显的错误,可随手改正。特别要注意连接句子的关联词以及表示因果、转折、让步、承上启下的功能词使用是否得当, 是否保持上下文的延续和连贯。切忌拿起来就改。因为词的正确使用离不开句子, 句子又脱离不了整段文章的语言环境。21·世纪*教育网
技巧二:分句阅读, 逐行找错。
在通读文章的基础上, 要逐句分读, 分析在词法、句法、行文逻辑等方面是否有错。要做到逐行分析,没有遗漏,句与句之间要注意连词的使用,具体要做到以下几点:www-2-1-cnjy-com
( 1) 注意整篇文章的语态与时态前后是否一致。
( 2) 注意名词的数与格, 名词前该不该用冠词, 用什么冠词。
( 3) 注意习语结构搭配是否完整, 有无缺少或多了介词、副词的现象。
( 4) 注意动词( 不定式、动名词等) 的运用是否正确。
( 5) 注意连词与关系代( 副) 词的用法是否贴切, 宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句等的结构与用法是否正确。【版权所有:21教育】
( 6) 注意代词的用法与结构是否正确, 人称代词、物主代词以及it 作形式主语或形式宾语等的用法。
( 7) 注意形容词、副词的比较级、最高级是否混用。
( 8) 注意从短文的行文逻辑方面去找错, 注意上下文是否保持意义一致。
技巧三:由易到难,各个击破。
改错要从最简单、最熟悉的项目入手。在第一次阅读时,找出明显的错误。先从语法的角度入手,再从逻辑方面考虑,最后推敲难题。一些逻辑错误必须联系上下文才能发现,对全文有了更进一步的了解之后,回头再做一遍, 就会迅速找到错误所在。21*cnjy*com
技巧四:检查核对,查漏补缺。
把改过后的词语放入短文中,浏览改后的全文, 看全篇是否语意通顺,全文的无错行一般只有一行, 从语法、语义和逻辑关系等方面检查验证。掌握了这些解题技巧后,改错能力一定会明显提高。
技巧五:规范答题。提高正确率。
在答题时,要根据试题的要求,使用规范的符号,按照规范的要求去答题。有些考生常常因使用符号不当而白白失分,所以大家平时要养成规范答题的习惯。21*cnjy*com
短文改错万能公式:
1.谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点,常见动词错误类型有:
①一般现在时与一般过去时错用;②and前后动词时态不一致;③主谓不一致;④缺少动词,特别是be动词;21教育名师原创作品
⑤第三人称单数形式错用;⑥主动语态和被动语态错用。
2.名词的常见错误:
单复数名词错用,可数名词与不可数名词错用。
3.连词错误:连词包括关系代词、副词,并列连词and/or/but等。
关于连词,一般考查从句关系:who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether等。
4.冠词错误:误用a和an(根据单词的第一个音素来判定);误用a/an和the(固定搭配,或泛指、特指;多冠词或少冠词)
5.形容词和副词错误:
系动词后用形容词(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词smell/feel);【来源:21cnj*y.co*m】
词性的误用(形容词修饰名词;副词修饰动词、形容词)。
6.代词错误:
代词的主格和宾格(I/me;he/him;she/her;we/us they/them)错误;
反身代词(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用错误;www.21-cn-jy.com
代词的单数和复数使用错误;代词指代错误;代词或少代词。
7.非谓语动词的常见错误:
不定式、动名词作主语、宾语时;and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致(尤其距离较远时);介词后用动名词形式作宾语;
某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。
8.介词错误:
词组中的介词误用;介词意思理解偏差;介词的多用或少用
短文改错解答口诀
动词形,名词数;注意形和副;非谓动词细辨别;习惯用法要记住;句子成分多分析;逻辑错误须关注。
1、动词形:主要包括两类错误:动词的时态和语态错误,以及主、谓不一致的错误。
2、名词数:指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。
3、区分形和副:即区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是中考短文改错的常考点。
4、非谓动词细辨别:这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有分词和动名词类错误,也包括不定式类错误。
5、习惯用法要记住:主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点,其错误表现形式主要有三种:多词、少词和搭配错误。21·cn·jy·com
6、句子成分多分析:不同的句子成分要用不同的词类;不同的语景要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析,才能找出用词不当的错误。
7、逻辑错误须关注:与句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴,人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误,常是这类错误的考查对象。
【例题展示】
(一)(2017·江西)读下面的短文,每一行中带有划线的单词都是错误的,请按照示范,把正确答案填在后面的横线上(每空一词,不得改变原文意思)。
I live in the country and my father was a farmer. 1.___21世纪教育网版权所有
He is now forty—five year old. Because of years of 2.____【来源:21·世纪·教育·网】
hard work, he looks old than his age. When I was 3._____
young, he use to tell me the importance of study. 4._____2-1-c-n-j-y
Father knows little about English and other subject. 5.______
But he usually gives me some good advices on how 6.______
To learn my lessons good. He is not only kind to me 7._______
But also very strict with me. With the help, I’ve made 8._______
great progress. I’ll never forgot what he taught 9._______
me. I think my father is a best father in the world. 10._______
(二)(2017·甘肃天水)短文改错
Yesterday we went to plant trees on the hill near
our school. The boys were made dig pits(坑).The 1.____________
girls were told to plant the young trees into the pits. 2.____________
All of us worked very hardly. Soon we were all wet 3.____________
with sweat. After the young trees planted, we 4.____________
began to water it. The water was at the foot of 5.____________
the hill. But we stood in line to pass pails(桶) 6.____________
of water from one to another up to the hill.
We did not finish water the trees until it 7.____________
was dark. Though we were tired, we feel very happy. 8.____________
(三)(2017·浙江温州)短文改错。
It is interesting to visit foreign country, but there 1.________
are some problems if we know the language very well. 2.________
It may be difficulty to talk with the people there. 3.________
We may don’t know how to use the telephone there. 4.________
We may not know how to buy things we needs. 5.________
In a strange country, we may not know where to be eat or what to order in a restaurant. 6.________
When we need help, we may not know how to ask help. 7.________
It is not a happy thing to have an experience like that. 8.________
(四)(2017·新疆建设兵团)短文改错。
John was a rich 1.America man. One day he went into a shop when he was spending his holiday in London. He wanted very much to buy a nice-looking watch, but the owner of the shop asked five hundred dollars for it. Suddenly a young man came into the shop, took the watch out of the 2. owner hands and ran out with it. It all happened in a few seconds. When the owner ran out into the street, the young man was already 3. losing among the people. John went on. At the next corner, he saw the young man with the robbed watch in his hand. “Do you want to buy a fine watch, sir?” he asked in a low voice. “It’s only a hundred dollars.” “The young man doesn’t know I saw him 4.robbed the watch,” he thought. John paid for the watch at once and went back to his hotel with the watch. He told his friend Bill about the fine watch. Bill took a look at the watch and started laughing. He said, “You are a fool. This watch isn’t worth even ten dollars. I’m sure the shop owner and the young man 5.planed this together.”21·cn·jy·com
________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5.________2·1·c·n·j·y
(五) (2017· 四川甘孜)短文改错。先判断每一行上是否有错误。
There is advantages for students to work while 1._________
studying at school. One of the them is that 2. _________【出处:21教育名师】
they can earn money. For the most part 3. _________
students worked to earn money for their own 4. _________
use. Earning their own money allow them 5. _________
to spend for anything as they please. 6. _________
They would have to ask their parents for 7. _________
money or for permission doing things with 8. _________
the money. Some students may also to save 9. _________
up for our college or future use. 10. _________
(六)(2017·内蒙古包头)短文改错。
A thick storm of sand(沙尘暴) turned Beijing 1.________
sky into blue last Wednesday. Cars drove with 2.________21教育网
lights on. School child walked with their shirts, 3.________
coats and anything else cover 4.________
their nose. Some women wore scarves(头巾) 5.________21cnjy.com
over their heads when the storm become stronger. 6.________
“Sand can be sweeping into the air when there 7.________
is a drought(旱灾).Too much trees have been cut 8.________
this years. It made the sandstorm problem worse. 9.________
So something must be done to keep the air nice or 10.________
clean,” said the scientists.
(七) (2017·辽宁沈阳)短文改错。
Dear Mary,
Thanks you for your family photos . 1.________
It are beautiful. 2.________
Here is my family photos. 3.________
Mary, I need my notebook, can you bring(带来) it to I? 4.________
I has 2 basketballs, 5.________
and I have 5 photoes 6.________
and a eraser. 7.________
I want to take(带到)a basketball to Jim school. 8.________
They can play the basketball every day. 9.________
I is very happy, Are you happy? 10.________
专题十二 短文改错题解题技巧
分析近五年各地的中考试题,发现短文改错题涉及的知识面越来越广,错题形式越来越活,很多同学觉得短文改错很难,无从下手,遇到该题就发慌,导致得分率较低,这主要是因为同学们对短文改错题考查的目的与内容不清楚, 找不到正确的切入点。因此, 要在这一题中获得高分, 首先要了解短文改错题的“错”设在哪里, 为什么在这里设“错”。短文改错的题型一般有四种: ①错词; ②漏词; ⑨多词; ④无错。了解题型有助于同学们避免在判断时出现方向性失误。21*cnjy*com
短文改错参考原则:
1.改动以最少为原则; 2.虚词以添加或删除为原则; 3.实词以改变词形为原则; 4.以保持句子原意为原则;
5.核对错项时,若的确有一时难以改出的地方,可以参考所改动项是否基本符合“1:1:8”的比例:即多一词1个,缺词1个,错词8个;
6.核对改正的语法项目是否有重复,因为短文改错往往覆盖面广,一般不会出现重复考查某个语法点的现象;
7.核对答题符号是否规范,位置是否准确,看看有无遗漏符号,忽略字母大小写和拼写等问题。
技巧一:浏览全文, 掌握大意。
该题型并非纯单句改错,因此考生应首先快速浏览全文,理解大意,把握全篇主旨,弄清上下文的逻辑关系。解短文改错题要以句子为单位而不是孤立地以行为单位,理解句子要到全句结束。要注意行首与行尾之间的关系,上下文之间的逻辑关系。如果孤立地分析某个句子,其结构正确、语意通顺,但如联系上下文,便会发现该句中有不合逻辑的地方。阅读时, 如有较明显的错误,可随手改正。特别要注意连接句子的关联词以及表示因果、转折、让步、承上启下的功能词使用是否得当, 是否保持上下文的延续和连贯。切忌拿起来就改。因为词的正确使用离不开句子, 句子又脱离不了整段文章的语言环境。
技巧二:分句阅读, 逐行找错。
在通读文章的基础上, 要逐句分读, 分析在词法、句法、行文逻辑等方面是否有错。要做到逐行分析,没有遗漏,句与句之间要注意连词的使用,具体要做到以下几点:2-1-c-n-j-y
( 1) 注意整篇文章的语态与时态前后是否一致。
( 2) 注意名词的数与格, 名词前该不该用冠词, 用什么冠词。
( 3) 注意习语结构搭配是否完整, 有无缺少或多了介词、副词的现象。
( 4) 注意动词( 不定式、动名词等) 的运用是否正确。
( 5) 注意连词与关系代( 副) 词的用法是否贴切, 宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句等的结构与用法是否正确。
( 6) 注意代词的用法与结构是否正确, 人称代词、物主代词以及it 作形式主语或形式宾语等的用法。
( 7) 注意形容词、副词的比较级、最高级是否混用。
( 8) 注意从短文的行文逻辑方面去找错, 注意上下文是否保持意义一致。
技巧三:由易到难,各个击破。
改错要从最简单、最熟悉的项目入手。在第一次阅读时,找出明显的错误。先从语法的角度入手,再从逻辑方面考虑,最后推敲难题。一些逻辑错误必须联系上下文才能发现,对全文有了更进一步的了解之后,回头再做一遍, 就会迅速找到错误所在。
技巧四:检查核对,查漏补缺。
把改过后的词语放入短文中,浏览改后的全文, 看全篇是否语意通顺,全文的无错行一般只有一行, 从语法、语义和逻辑关系等方面检查验证。掌握了这些解题技巧后,改错能力一定会明显提高。
技巧五:规范答题。提高正确率。
在答题时,要根据试题的要求,使用规范的符号,按照规范的要求去答题。有些考生常常因使用符号不当而白白失分,所以大家平时要养成规范答题的习惯。21·世纪*教育网
短文改错万能公式:
1.谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点,常见动词错误类型有:
①一般现在时与一般过去时错用;②and前后动词时态不一致;③主谓不一致;④缺少动词,特别是be动词;www-2-1-cnjy-com
⑤第三人称单数形式错用;⑥主动语态和被动语态错用。
2.名词的常见错误:
单复数名词错用,可数名词与不可数名词错用。
3.连词错误:连词包括关系代词、副词,并列连词and/or/but等。
关于连词,一般考查从句关系:who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether等。
4.冠词错误:误用a和an(根据单词的第一个音素来判定);误用a/an和the(固定搭配,或泛指、特指;多冠词或少冠词)
5.形容词和副词错误:
系动词后用形容词(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词smell/feel);21教育网
词性的误用(形容词修饰名词;副词修饰动词、形容词)。
6.代词错误:
代词的主格和宾格(I/me;he/him;she/her;we/us they/them)错误;
反身代词(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用错误;21教育名师原创作品
代词的单数和复数使用错误;代词指代错误;代词或少代词。
7.非谓语动词的常见错误:
不定式、动名词作主语、宾语时;and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致(尤其距离较远时);介词后用动名词形式作宾语;
某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。
8.介词错误:
词组中的介词误用;介词意思理解偏差;介词的多用或少用
短文改错解答口诀
动词形,名词数;注意形和副;非谓动词细辨别;习惯用法要记住;句子成分多分析;逻辑错误须关注。
1、动词形:主要包括两类错误:动词的时态和语态错误,以及主、谓不一致的错误。
2、名词数:指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。
3、区分形和副:即区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是中考短文改错的常考点。
4、非谓动词细辨别:这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有分词和动名词类错误,也包括不定式类错误。
5、习惯用法要记住:主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点,其错误表现形式主要有三种:多词、少词和搭配错误。2·1·c·n·j·y
6、句子成分多分析:不同的句子成分要用不同的词类;不同的语景要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析,才能找出用词不当的错误。
7、逻辑错误须关注:与句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴,人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误,常是这类错误的考查对象。
【例题展示】
(一)(2017·江西)读下面的短文,每一行中带有划线的单词都是错误的,请按照示范,把正确答案填在后面的横线上(每空一词,不得改变原文意思)。
I live in the country and my father was a farmer. 1.___
He is now forty—five year old. Because of years of 2.____
hard work, he looks old than his age. When I was 3._____
young, he use to tell me the importance of study. 4._____
Father knows little about English and other subject. 5.______
But he usually gives me some good advices on how 6.______
To learn my lessons good. He is not only kind to me 7._______
But also very strict with me. With the help, I’ve made 8._______
great progress. I’ll never forgot what he taught 9._______
me. I think my father is a best father in the world. 10._______
【答案】
Is 2.years 3.Older 4.used 5.Subjects
6.advice 7.Well 8.his 9.Forget 10.the
【解析】这篇短文主要讲述了人们喜欢游泳但是他们并不注意自己的安全问题,好多学生在游泳中失去自己的生命,本篇文章好还讲述了怎么游泳才是安全的。
1.考查动词时态。句意:我住在乡下,我的父亲是一个农民。根据时态保持一致,用一般现在时,故改为is
2.考查名词复数。句意:他现在45岁了。要用复数,故改为years。
3.考查形容词比较级。句意:她比他的年龄看起来老多了。根据题意可知用比较级,故改为older
4.考查固定词组。句意:当我还小的时候他过去常常告诉我学习的重要性,故改为used,used to do表示过去常常做某事。21教育名师原创作品
5.考查名词复数。句意:关于英语和其他的科目父亲知道的很少。Other +名词的复数。故改为subjects。
6.考查固定词组,句意:但是他通常给我一些怎样学好英语的建议。Give sb some good advice on sth在某方面给某人一些建议。故改为advice是不可数名词。
7.考查副词。句意; 但是他通常给我一些怎样学好英语的建议。修饰动词用副词,故改为well。
8.考查代词。句意:在他的帮助下我已经取得了很大的进步。With one’s help在某人的帮助下,故改为his
9.考查介词。句意:我永远不会忘记他交给我的东西。根据时态,will +动词原形,故改为forget
10.考查冠词。句意:我认为我的父亲是世界上最好的父亲,the +形容词的最高级,故改为the。
(二)(2017·甘肃天水)短文改错
Yesterday we went to plant trees on the hill near
our school. The boys were made dig pits(坑).The 1.____________
girls were told to plant the young trees into the pits. 2.____________
All of us worked very hardly. Soon we were all wet 3.____________
with sweat. After the young trees planted, we 4.____________
began to water it. The water was at the foot of 5.____________
the hill. But we stood in line to pass pails(桶) 6.____________
of water from one to another up to the hill. 21cnjy.com
We did not finish water the trees until it 7.____________
was dark. Though we were tired, we feel very happy. 8.____________
【答案】
1.made后加to 2.无错误 3.hardly改为hard 4.planted前加were 5.it改为them
6.But改为So 7.water改为 watering。 8.feel改为felt
【解析】这篇短文讲述昨天班级集体去植树。男生负责挖坑,女生负责种植。最后一起浇水,这一天虽累但是很充实。每个人都很开心。
1.句意:男孩负责挖坑。make变为被动语态时,要还原不定式符号to。故在made后加to。
2.句意:女孩负责将树苗放进坑里。此行无错误。
3.句意:我们所有人都非常努力工作。hardly是副词“几乎不”,hard“努力地”。
4.句意:在所有树苗都被栽好以后。the young trees和plant 是被动关系,因此要用被动语态。故在planted前加 were。21教育网21世纪教育网版权所有
5.句意:我们开始给它们浇水。很多树苗,因此要用them,不能用 it。
6.句意:水在山脚下。因此我们排成队传一个挨着一个的将水桶传到山上。不是转折关系,是因果关系。因为树在脚下,所以排成队传递桶。故But改为So。【出处:21教育名师】
7.句意:直到天黑我们才完成浇水。finish doing sth“完成做某事”,故将water改为watering。
8.句意:尽管我们很累但是我们都感觉很开心。本文叙述的是过去的事情,因此把feel改为felt。
(三)(2017·浙江温州)短文改错。
It is interesting to visit foreign country, but there 1.________
are some problems if we know the language very well. 2.________
It may be difficulty to talk with the people there. 3.________
We may don’t know how to use the telephone there. 4.________
We may not know how to buy things we needs. 5.________
In a strange country, we may not know where to be eat or what to order in a restaurant. 6.________
When we need help, we may not know how to ask help. 7.________21·cn·jy·com
It is not a happy thing to have an experience like that. 8.________
【答案与解析】
1.country→countries 这是一个泛指概念,应该是指多个国家,故用countries。
2.know前加don’t 从下文看,应该是不懂语言时会遇到的麻烦。
3.difficulty→difficult 本处应该用形容词形式作表语。
4.don’t→not may 本身就可以否定,不需要用don’t。
5.needs→need 主语是第一人称,need不能用动词的第三人称单数。
6.去掉be 本句应用主动形式,并且和后面的what to order是对应的。
7.ask后加for 用ask for表示“求助”。
8.√
(四)(2017·新疆建设兵团)短文改错。
John was a rich 1.America man. One day he went into a shop when he was spending his holiday in London. He wanted very much to buy a nice-looking watch, but the owner of the shop asked five hundred dollars for it. Suddenly a young man came into the shop, took the watch out of the 2. owner hands and ran out with it. It all happened in a few seconds. When the owner ran out into the street, the young man was already 3. losing among the people. John went on. At the next corner, he saw the young man with the robbed watch in his hand. “Do you want to buy a fine watch, sir?” he asked in a low voice. “It’s only a hundred dollars.” “The young man doesn’t know I saw him 4.robbed the watch,” he thought. John paid for the watch at once and went back to his hotel with the watch. He told his friend Bill about the fine watch. Bill took a look at the watch and started laughing. He said, “You are a fool. This watch isn’t worth even ten dollars. I’m sure the shop owner and the young man 5.planed this together.”
1.________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5.________
【答案与解析】
1.改为 American American 意为“美国人,美国人的”在句中作定语。
2.改为owner’s 注意owner是单数形式,变所有格要在后面加’s。
3.改为lost be lost 表示“走失,走丢”,在本句中指“消失在人群里”。
4.改为robbing 本句考查句式“see sb.doing sth.”含义是 “看见某人正在做某事”。
5.改为planned 注意plan变过去式时,要双写n再加-ed。
(五) (2017· 四川甘孜)短文改错。先判断每一行上是否有错误。
There is advantages for students to work while 1._________
studying at school. One of the them is that 2. _________
they can earn money. For the most part 3. _________
students worked to earn money for their own 4. _________【版权所有:21教育】
use. Earning their own money allow them 5. _________
to spend for anything as they please. 6. _________
They would have to ask their parents for 7. _________
money or for permission doing things with 8. _________
the money. Some students may also to save 9. _________
up for our college or future use. 10. _________
【答案与解析】
1.is→are 从下文内容判断应该是多个优点,主谓一致要用复数形式。
2.去掉the one of...后面的代词前不加限定词。若接名词,要有修饰语。
3.√
4.worked→work 通篇文章用的都是一般现在时态,此句不涉及过去的动作。
5.allow→allows 动名词短语作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。
6.for→on spend on...“在……花钱”,是固定搭配。
7.would 后加not 从前文判断应是否定含义,如用肯定句与下文不符。
8.doing→to do ask sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事。
9.去掉to may是情态动词,后面要接动词原形。
10.our→their 本句主语是some students,后面的物主代词应该与前面的主语一致。
(六)(2017·内蒙古包头)短文改错。
A thick storm of sand(沙尘暴) turned Beijing 1.________
sky into blue last Wednesday. Cars drove with 2.________【来源:21cnj*y.co*m】
lights on. School child walked with their shirts, 3.________
coats and anything else cover 4.________
their nose. Some women wore scarves(头巾) 5.________
over their heads when the storm become stronger. 6.________
“Sand can be sweeping into the air when there 7.________
is a drought(旱灾).Too much trees have been cut 8.________www.21-cn-jy.com
this years. It made the sandstorm problem worse. 9.________
So something must be done to keep the air nice or 10.________【来源:21·世纪·教育·网】
clean,” said the scientists.
【答案与解析】
Beijing→ Beijing’s 句意为“沙尘暴把北京的天空变成了黄色”,应该使用名词所有格的形式。
2.blue→ yellow 从实际情况判断,应该是把本来蓝色的天空变成了黄色。
3.child→ children 学校的孩子应该是多个,所以改成复数形式。
4.cover前加to 不定式在此处表示目的,“为了……”。
5.nose→noses 与前面的their 相一致,所以用nose。
6.become→ became 从前后一致的角度考虑要用过去式的形式。
7.sweeping→ swept 注意can be done 是一个情态动词的被动式结构。
8.much→ many 树是可数名词,所以要用too many 来修饰,too much 用来修饰不可数名词。
9.this → these 从实际情况判断,应该是多年的事情,用these。
10.or→ and nice and clean 是固定用法,相当于“非常干净”。
(七) (2017·辽宁沈阳)短文改错。
Dear Mary,
Thanks you for your family photos . 1.________
It are beautiful. 2.________
Here is my family photos. 3.________
Mary, I need my notebook, can you bring(带来) it to I? 4.________
I has 2 basketballs, 5.________
and I have 5 photoes 6.________
and a eraser. 7. ________ 21*cnjy*com
I want to take(带到)a basketball to Jim school. 8.________
They can play the basketball every day. 9.________
I is very happy, Are you happy? 10.________
【答案与解析】
Thank 2.They 3.Are 4.me 5.Have
6.Photos 7.An 8.Jim’s 9.去掉the 10.am
【解析】
试题分析:这篇短文是一封给Mary的回信。信中提到了他的家庭照片,他还想让Mary把他的笔记本带来。他有2个篮球,他想带一个去Jim的学校,这样他们就可以每天打篮球了,所以他很开心。
句意:感谢你的家庭照片。Thank you for…,因为……而感谢你,这句话知thank应该使用原形,它还有一种说法是Thanks for…。
2.句意:他们非常漂亮。根据上句话的意思可知,这里说的是family photos,家庭照片,是复数形式,因此代替它的代词也应该是复数的,故把it改为they。
3.句意:这是我的家庭照片。根据这句话的意思可知,这句话的主语应该是my family photos,是复数形式,因此动词be也应该用复数,把is 改为are。
4.句意:Mary,我需要我的笔记本,你能把它带给我吗?根据句意可知,这里的“我”在句中做的是to 的宾语,所以应该用宾格形式。I 是主格形式,故把I改为me。
5.句意:我有2个篮球。has 意思是有,它应该用于主语是第三人称单数的时候。I是第一人称,它后面应该用have。
6.句意:我有2个篮球和5张照片。photo的意思是照片,根据句意可知,我有5张照片,所以应该用复数,它的复数形式是直接在后面加s,不是加es。
7.句意:我有2个篮球、5张照片和一个橡皮。eraser 是一个名词,意思是橡皮,这个单词的第一个音是元音发音,所以不定冠词应该用an。故应该把a 改为an。
8.句意:我想带一个篮球去Jim的学校。根据句意可知,这里应该是说去Jim的学校,Jim是一个名词,这里应该把它改为所有格的形式,表示Jim的,即Jim’s。
9.句意:他们可以每天打篮球。play basketball打篮球,是一个固定的短语。在球类运动的前面不加冠词,所以把the 去掉。
10句意:我非常开心,你开心吗?这句话的主语是I,是第一人称,它后面的be动词应该是am,而不是is。is 应该用于主语是第三人称单数的时候。