Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars Warming UpPre-reading & Reading 课件（74ppt）

课件74张PPT。Unit 4　Astronomy：the science of the starsA lot of people are interested in astronomy and some of them have made great progress in this field.But what do you know about it?
Astronomy is the oldest science known to man.话题导入 Thousands of years ago man looked at the stars and wondered about the heavens.But man was limited by what he could see with his eyes alone.
The Greeks studied astronomy over 2,000 years ago.They could see the size，color，and brightness of the stars.They could see their places in the sky.They watched the stars move as the seasons changed.But the Greeks had no tools to help them study the starry heavens.Each new tool added to the field of astronomy，and it helped man reach out into space.Until there were telescopes(望远镜)，man knew little about the moon.They did not know that the planet called Saturn(土星) had rings around it.Their sight was so limited that they could not see all the planets.In the early 1700s，people thought there were only six planets.
Before the spectroscope(分光镜) appeared，man did not know what kinds of gases are in the sun or other stars.Without the radio telescope(电望远镜) we did not know that radio noises come from far out in space.
Today，astronomy is a growing science.We have learned more in the last fifty years than in the whole history of astronomy.根据上文完成下列各题
1.What is the oldest science known to man according to the passage?
______________
2.What does the underlined word “it”(Line 5，Paragraph 4) probably refer to?
_______
3.What does the passage mainly tell us?
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________It is astronomy.Saturn.Science can’t grow fast without modern technology.基础自测　课文预读内容索引要点探究当堂达标Period One　Warming Up，Pre--reading & Reading基础自测1. n.天文学
2. n.系统；体系；制度
3. n.宗教；宗教信仰
adj.宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的
4. adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的
n.暴力；暴行
5. n.大气层；气氛
6. prep.与……不同；不像Ⅰ.重点单词astronomy systemreligion religiousviolentviolenceatmosphereunlike7. adj.基本的；基础的
8. adj.有害的
n.& vt.损害；危害
9. vi.& vt.乘；增加
10. vi.生存；存在
11. adv.因此；于是
12. vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难
n.谜；难题fundamentalharmfulharmmultiplyexistthuspuzzleⅡ.重点短语1. 及时；终于
2. 冷却；使变凉；使缓和；平静下来
3. 下蛋
4. 产生；分娩
5. 轮到某人
6. 阻止；制止
7. 依靠；依赖；取决于in timecool downlay eggsgive birth toin one’s turnprevent...fromdepend onⅢ.重点句式What was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.
随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到38～45亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢形成了一个固体的球状物。1.be to do...表示将要发生的动作This produced a chain reaction，which .
这就产生了一种连锁反应，使得生命的发展成为可能。2.make＋宾语＋宾补it was to becomemade it possible for life to developOthers， ，were able to live on land as well as in
the water.
另一些，被称作两栖动物，既能生活在水中，也能生活在陆地上。3.过去分词短语作后置定语As a result of this，many scientists believe the earth may become _______
_________.
由于这个原因，许多科学家相信地球可能会变得太热而不能居住。4.too...to...called amphibianstoo hotto live onSo on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.
所以在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续下去将取决于这个问题能否得到解决。5.whether引导主语从句whether life will continue课文预读Ⅰ.根据课文内容判断正(T)、误(F)
1.Human beings have known the origin of the earth clearly so far.( )
2.The appearance of water made it possible for plants and animals to live on the earth.( )
3.Plants first appeared on land and then in the water.( )
4.Dinosaurs existed on the earth for over 140 thousand years.( )
5.It is human beings that are not looking after the earth very well and have caused global warming.( )FFTTFⅡ.课文阅读理解
1.Why was life able to develop on the earth but not on other planets?
A.Because the earth had a solid shape.
B.Because the earth did not have harmful gases in its atmosphere.
C.Because water stayed on the earth but not on other planets.
D.Because the earth was neither too hot nor too cold.√答案123452.Why was it necessary for plants to grow before animals?
A.Because animals needed plants to protect them from the sun.
B.Because plants provided oxygen for animals to breathe.
C.Because animals could hide from hunters in the forest.
D.Because it was easier for plants to grow.1234√答案53.What is the correct order according to the passage?
①The clever animals with hands and feet appeared and spread all over
the earth.
②The “Big Bang”.
③Small plants began to appear on the surface of the water.
④65 million years ago，the age of the dinosaurs ended.
A.②①③④ B.④③①②
C.②④③① D.②③④①1234√答案54.Early humans appeared after dinosaurs died out million years later.
A.67.6 B.62.4 C.65 D.1401234√答案55.What is the main idea of the text?
A.The formation of the earth.
B.The arrival of humans and their impact on the earth.
C.The development of plants and animals on the earth.
D.The origin of life on the earth.1234√答案5要点探究
They were in time to produce carbon dioxide，nitrogen，water vapour and other gases，which were to make the earth’s atmosphere.
它们最终产生了二氧化碳、氮、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。重点词汇in time及时；终于；迟早
in time for sth./to do sth.来得及(做)……；及时(做)……
in no time立即，立刻
at a time依次；逐一；每次
at no time在任何时候都不；决不(置于句首时，主句使用部分倒装)
at one time曾经，一度
at times有时，偶尔
on time按时，准时归纳拓展(1)I was just in time for the flight.
我刚好及时赶上了那班飞机。
(2)At no time should you give up studying.
在任何时候你都不应放弃读书。
(3)Everyone may make mistakes at times.
每个人都会不时犯错误。语境助记单句语法填空
(1)—Why are you in a hurry to leave here?
—Get home in time (bethe) the children.
(2)These buses are never time and the passengers are always complaining.
(3)He rushed out of the kitchen no time when he heard the shout.
(4)You can’t imagine this lake used to be a beautiful place in our city __one time.题组训练to batheoninat(1)unlike prep.与……不同；不像；adj.不同的，不相似的
(2)unlikely adj.不大可能的
(3)likely adj.可能的
It is likely that...有可能……
be likely to do sth.可能做某事
Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but，unlike the earth，it had disappeared later.
在其他行星比如火星上也都出现了水，但和地球不同的是，这些水后来都消失了。归纳拓展(1)For example，unlike the child，Mommy actually doesn’t like Dove chocolate.(2016·浙江)
例如，不像孩子，妈妈实际上不喜欢德芙巧克力。
(2)This is unlikely to be the whole story.
情况可能并非完全如此。
(3)It is likely that he will be in Beijing this autumn.
今年秋天他可能在北京。语境助记(1)用所给词的正确形式填空
①If you find something you love doing outside of the office，you’ll be less likely (bring) your work home.(2016·全国Ⅱ)
②He might come，but it’s very (like).
③ (like) his brother，he is more careful and friendly.
(2)一句多译
他有可能参加会议。
① he will attend the meeting.
②He the meeting.题组训练to bringunlikelyUnlikeIt’s likely thatis likely to attend
It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.
水对生命的发展会起关键作用，这一点在当时并不明显。归纳拓展(1)fundamental adj.基本的；基础的；根本的
be fundamental to sth.对……必不可少/至关重要
(2)fundamentally adv.根本上，完全地(1)There is a fundamental difference between the two points of view.
这两个观点有根本区别。
(2)A knowledge of Chinese is fundamental to any understanding of this problem.
汉语知识对于理解这个问题是必不可少的。
(3)They are good friends even though their views on many things are fundamentally different.
他们虽然对很多事情的看法完全不同，但还是好朋友。语境助记单句语法填空
(1)Fresh air is fundamental __ good health.
(2)We all hope the situation of the world economy will be changed _____________(fundamental) this year.题组训练tofundamentally
What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.
很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。(1)harmful adj.有害的
be harmful to对……有害
(2)harm n.& v.损害；危害
do...harm/do harm to...对……有害
There is no harm (in) doing sth.＝It does no harm (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)做某事无害处。归纳拓展(1)The haze is harmful to your health.
雾霾对你的健康有害。
(2)Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.
它是否对我们有害还有待证实。
(3)Light pollution does harm to the eyesight of animals.
光污染对动物的视力有害。
(4)There is no harm in giving up smoking.
戒烟没有害处。语境助记(1)用所给词的正确形式填空
①Global warming is (harm) to some plants.
②It does no harm (lie) on the beach in summer.
(2)一句多译
喝酒太多对你的健康伤害很大。
①Drinking too much your health.
②Drinking too much your health.题组训练harmfulto liedoes harm tois harmful to
They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.
它们也下蛋，并且在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。(1)exist vi.存在；生存
exist on靠……生活/生存
exist in存在于……中
There exist(s)/existed...某地有……；存在……
(2)existence n.存在；生存
come into existence(＝begin to exist)产生；成立
in existence现存的，存在的归纳拓展(1)Cars and horses couldn’t travel on the snowy roads.Jet airplanes and big trucks didn’t exist yet.(2016·北京)
大雪覆盖了道路，汽车和马都不能通行，喷气式飞机和大卡车还不存在。
(2)Sudan came into existence at the end of the 1800s.
苏丹国于19世纪末开始形成。
(3)The bridge is the oldest in existence.
这座桥是现存最古老的。语境助记(1)单句语法填空
①The house has been in (exist) for many years.
②To be honest，I can hardly exist the wage I’m getting.
③There (exist) an old tree in that small village.
④Few of these monkeys still exist the wild.
(2)句型转换
No one knows how this world began to exist.
→No one knows how this world .题组训练existenceonexistsincame into existence
These animals were different from all life forms in the past，because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.
这些动物不同于以往所有的生物形式，因为它们能从体内生出幼子并给幼子哺乳。give birth to产生；分娩；引发；造成
by birth血统上；生来，天生地
at birth出生时归纳拓展(1)Religious differences between them gave birth to a war.
他们之间的宗教分歧引发了一场战争。
(2)The woman gave birth to a lovely baby last night.
这个女人昨晚生下了一个可爱的婴儿。语境助记用适当的介词填空
(1)Mary was said to be African birth.
(2)The overweight boy weighed 4.85 kilograms birth.
(3)She has just given birth a healthy baby girl.题组训练byatto
Thus they have，in their turn，become the most important animals on the planet.
于是他们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物。in one’s turn接着；轮到某人
in turn依次，轮流；反过来
take turns to do sth.轮流做某事。
It’s one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事。归纳拓展(1)They，in their turn，made some advice for the plan.
他们接着为这项计划提了一些建议。
(2)When it is in my turn，I’m too excited to speak.
当轮到我时，我激动得说不出话来。
(3)Let’s take turns to drive the car.
让我们轮流来开车吧。语境助记单句语法填空
(1)She will， her turn，be on duty tomorrow.
(2)The children took their turns (paint) the wall.
(3)All theories are from practice and turn serve practice.
(4) is our turn to do the washing.题组训练into paintinIt
They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere，which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.
他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。prevent...(from) doing sth.阻止……做某事，另外，与这种结构相似的有stop sb./sth.(from) doing sth.；keep sb./sth.from doing sth.(from不可以省略)。
注意：在被动语态中，这三个短语中的from都不能省略。归纳拓展(1)The heavy rain prevented us going on，but we didn’t lose heart.
大雨阻止了我们前进，但是我们并不灰心。
(2)No one can prevent this plan from being carried out.
谁也不能阻止这个计划的实施。
(3)Lynn’s parents tried to stop her seeing him.
林恩的父母企图阻止她和他见面。语境助记完成句子
(1)他被阻止执行那个计划。
He carrying out that plan.
(2)你不能阻止事情发生。
You won’t keep the things .
(3)这个计划能被阻止执行。
The plan can be prevented .题组训练was prevented/stopped/kept fromfrom happeningfrom being carried out
So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.
所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续下去将取决于这个问题能否得到解决。depend on/upon依靠；依赖；取决于
depend on/upon it that...相信/指望……
That/It (all) depends.依情况而定。归纳拓展依靠某人做某事depend on/upon sb.to do sth.
depend on/upon one’s doing sth.(1)The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation.(2016·浙江)
闲话的影响根据情况不同而不同。
(2)The poor man depends on his son to earn money.
这个穷人依靠他的儿子去赚钱。
(3)You can depend on it that he will come on time；he is always punctual.
你可以相信他会准时来，他总是很守时。语境助记单句语法填空
(1)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill which school education depends.(2015·安徽)
(2)We had to depend on her (deal) with the situation.
(3)—What are you going to do this weekend?
—It (depend).If time permits，I may go to Shanghai with my friends.题组训练upon/onto deal/dealingdepends
How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.
地球上的生命是如何开始的是科学家们发现难以解决的最大的谜
之一。(1)puzzle n.谜；难题；vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难
puzzle about/over苦苦思索；仔细琢磨
(2)puzzled adj.迷惑不解的；困惑的
be/feel puzzled at/about...对……感到迷惑
(3)puzzling adj.令人费解的
(4)puzzlement n.迷惑归纳拓展(1)Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me.
他们为什么要做此事我仍很困惑。
(2)What he said at the meeting puzzled most of us.
他在会议上说的话让我们大多数人很困惑。
(3)We felt puzzled at these puzzling questions.
对这些令人费解的问题我们感到迷惑。语境助记(1)单句语法填空
①To explain the (puzzle) findings，he offers two theories.
②She listened with a (puzzle) expression on her face.
③The old man stared at the computer in (puzzle).
④People have long puzzled how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks.(2015·四川)题组训练puzzlingpuzzledpuzzlementover/about(2)完成句子
他脸上迷惑的表情表明他正在苦苦思索一个令人困惑的问题。
The look on his face suggested that he ______________________
a ________ problem.puzzledwas puzzling over/aboutpuzzling
What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.
随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到38～45亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢形成了一个固体的球状物。经典句式(1)was to become是“be to do”结构，在句中表示将要发生的动作。
(2)be to do sth.表示按计划、安排、决定、命令要做的事或注定要发生的事；be about to do sth.表示即将、马上要做的事，常与when搭配使用；be going to do sth.可以表示说话者主观打算做某事，或客观迹象表明即将发生某事。归纳拓展(1)Here is a message for you：you are to go to the office after class.
这有你一个口信，让你下课后到办公室去。
(2)The experience is to change her whole life.
这次经历注定会改变她的一生。
(3)No one is to leave the building without permission.
未经允许，任何人不得离开这座大楼。语境助记完成句子
(1)你将在这里等，直到我回来。
until I return.
(2)他们将于5月25号结婚。
They on May 25th.
(3)我正要离开就在这时他进来了。
I when he came in.
(4)明天早上我打算去买些东西。
I something tomorrow morning.题组训练You are to wait hereare to get marriedwas about to leaveam going to buy
This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop.
这就产生了一种连锁反应，使得生命的发展成为可能。(1)句中made it possible for life to develop属于“make＋it＋形容词/名词(宾补)＋to do/that 从句”结构。该结构中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式或that从句。
(2)在“make＋宾语＋宾补”这一结构中，宾语补足语可以是不带to的不定式、过去分词或形容词。
注意：当“make＋宾语＋do sth.”变为被动语态时，不定式符号to要
加上。
The little girl was made to study every day.
每天这个小女孩都被动学习。归纳拓展(1)I must make it clear that I will support you forever.
我必须说明，我会永远支持你的。
(2)The police made the young boy stand against the wall.
警察让这个男孩靠墙站着。
(3)Praise makes good men better and bad men worse.
表扬能使好人更好，坏人更坏。语境助记完成句子
(1)这个好消息使得大多数人都很高兴。
The good news .
(2)这个人大声说话为的是自己被听见。
The man spoke loudly .
(3)这次错误使得他不可能成功了。
The mistake .题组训练made most of the people very happyto make himself heardmade it impossible for him to succeed句式分析　本句为复合句，how引导的是 从句；as引导的是
从句。
自主翻译　难句分析宾语原因状语 没有人确切知道地球是怎样形成的，因为在很早以前它就形成了。
No one knows exactly how the earth began，as it happened so long ago.句式分析　本句为复合句，what引导的是 从句；that引导的是
从句，在表语从句中又含有一个as引导的 从句。
自主翻译　主语表语更为重要的是，随着地球的冷却，地球的表面开始出现了水。
What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down，water began to appear on its surface.伴随状语当堂达标Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.This sand is the sand on the other side of the island.It is much softer.
2.From her expression，I could tell that she couldn’t understand the passage.
3.His (根本的) mistake was to rely too much on other people.
4.Air pollution is to people.For example，it can cause cancer.unlikepuzzledfundamentalharmful5.As a matter of fact，it is only a small planet in solar .
6.Recently，a (连锁) of accidents have happened in the village.
7.Could you tell me when this word began to (存在) in our country?
8.The teacher often creates a friendly (气氛)where the students have a talk.systemchainexistatmosphereⅡ.选词填空
be fundamental to，cool down，lay eggs，in time，in one’s turn
9.The warm weather here permits the birds to all year round.
10.It took Charles a long time to after the argument.
11.Honesty human beings.
12.We students clean the classroom every day .
13.Work hard at your lessons，and you are sure to make progress .lay eggscool downin timeis fundamental toin our turnⅢ.完成句子
14.他每天早晨都读英语，这成为了他的习惯。
He English every morning.
15.据说这是一部由一个年轻导演导演的电影。
It is said that it is a film .
16.当他要打开门时，发现哪里也找不到钥匙了。
When he the door，he found his keys were nowhere.made it a rule to readdirected by a young directorwas to open17.大火持续了一整夜，造成了很大的损失。
The fire lasted for a whole night， .
18.他是否会同意这个计划要取决于他的心情。
will depend on his mood.which caused great damageWhether he will agree to this planⅣ.课文语法填空
The earth was just 19. cloud of dust after the “Big Bang”.The earth exploded 20. (loud) with fire and rock.They were in time to produce many things，which were 21. (make) the earth’s atmosphere.As the earth cooled down，water began to appear on its surface.It allowed the earth to dissolve 22. (harm) gases.Then life began to develop.aloudlyto makeharmfulSmall plants multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen.This encouraged the 23. (develop) of early shellfish and fish. Land animals such as insects，reptiles and dinosaurs
24. (appear) after green plants appeared.Small clever animals spread all 25. the earth.They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere,26. prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.27. life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can 28._________(solve).developmentappearedoverwhichWhetherbe solved本课结束