能力达标检测（Unit 5－Unit 7）
(45分钟 100分)
Ⅰ. 单项选择(30分)
( )1.—What?happened________him？ —He?hurt?himself. A. with B. to C. of D. about ( )2.The?girl?was?flying?a?kite________her?father?came?back． A. when B. while C. until D. after ( )3.The?thieves?ran?away?when?the?burglar?alarm（防盗警报器）________． A. went?away B. went?out C. went?off D. went?through ( )4.—My?son?is?studying?for?an?important?exam.?Could?you?please______the?music?a?little?? —I'm?very?sorry. A. give?out B. pick?up C. turn?down D. take?off ( )5.My?father?was?watching?TV?______?my?mother?was?cooking． A. when B. until C. while D. as?soon?as ( )6.The?girl?is?afraid?to?dance?in?public?because?she?thinks?others?may________her． A.laugh?at. B.wait?for C.hear?of D.agree?with ( )7.The?guide?will?collect?your?tickets?as?soon?as?you________the?station． A.get?to B.gets?to C.will?get?to D.got?to ( )8.Don’t?be?angry?with?him.?___,?he?is?a?kid. A.In?all B.Above?all C.First?of?all D.After?all ( )9.Your?uncle?will?come?to?see?you?as?soon?as?he________here． A.arrives B.arrived C.will?arrive D.is?arriving ( )10.The?book?is?______?for?us?to?read. A.good?enough B.enough?good C.too?good D.too?well
( )11.Lin?Fang?comes?home________than?before?this?term．She?doesn’t?have?so?many?classes?in?the?afternoon． A. early B. earier C. late D. later ( )12.I?think?math?is?as________as?English． A. important B. very?important C. less?important D. the?least?important ( )13.He?thinks?his?hometown?is________of?all． A. beautiful B. more?beautiful C. most?beautiful D. the?most?beautiful ( )14.—Who?is________，Tom?or?Mike？ —Tom?is． A. thin B. thiner C. thinner D. more?thin ( )15.—Which?season?do?you?like________，winter?or?summer？ —Summer． A. well B. better C. best D. the?best Ⅱ. 完形填空(15分)21·cn·jy·com
Jenny, from Germany, spent some time traveling in India. While she was there, she stayed with her Indian friend, Leela. However, there was a language barrier(障碍)for her there. It was very 1 for her to communicate in the new environment, which was very different from 2 of her own country. 2·1·c·n·j·y
One day, together with Leela, Jenny went to 3 an orphanage(孤儿院). All the children there were very young. At first, Jenny was not sure if she could have a way to communicate with them. She went over to the children 4 and sat beside them. After some time, one of the children 5 her. She felt a little relaxed and smiled back. Then she went close to the child. She slowly put her arm around the child and started 6 a song in German. The child kept smiling and started repeating the words after her. The words that came from the little mouth were different from those that Jenny sang, but the rhythm(节奏)was the same. Jenny sang a little more and the child followed her again. Wanting to join in the 7 , another child went up to Jenny and started singing the rhythm. Then more children joined. They 8 many smiles together. 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
From the other side of the hall, Leela was smiling and watching them. Noticing Leela’s 9 on her, Jenny had an exciting feeling from her heart: “See, I don’t have any language barriers here. We 10 speak and communicate! ”At that moment, she understood: we’re all simple human, and we have the ability to communicate with each other. 21·世纪*教育网
( )1. A. nice B. dangerous C. difficult D. easy2-1-c-n-j-y
( )2. A. these B. those C. this D. that【出处：21教育名师】
( )3. A. show B. visit C. build D. improve21教育名师原创作品
( )4. A. slowly B. early C. hardly D. easily
( )5. A. looked at B. laughed at C. shouted at D. smiled at
( )6. A. singing B. writing C. saying D. playing
( )7. A. club B. talk C. fun D. dance
( )8. A. forgot B. remembered C. shared D. missed【版权所有：21教育】
( )9. A. hands B. eyes C. influence D. question
( )10. A. can B. must C. need D. should
Ⅲ. 阅读理解(15分)
Bill，Frank and Dave were three brothers．Every year they sent their mother expensive gifts on her birthday，．They liked to show her how rich they were．
The eldest brother．Bill，had a lot of money and he wanted his mother to have the most expensive gifts，but he didn’t know what to buy．So he put an ad in the newspaper．“Wanted﹣the greatest gift for my mother．”
About a week before his mother’s birthday a man came to his office．He brought a big bird．
“This bird．”the man said，“can speak ten languages and sing some pop songs．”
“Really？I’d like to listen to it，”Bill said．
The man made the bird talk in French and tell a joke in Japanese．Then the bird sang a beautiful song．Bill was very happy and paid nine thousand dollars for the bird．The next day Bill sent the bird to his mother with a birthday card．
The day after his mother’s birthday he called his mother．“Well，mother”he asked，“What do you think of the bird？”
“Oh，it’s very delicious，dear．”said his mother．
1.（ ）Who is the eldest brother？
A.Dave B.Bill C.Jack D.Frank
2.（ ）What did Bill put in the newspaper？
A.A show B.A magazine C. An ad D. A report
3.（ ）How many languages could the bird speak？
A. Five B. Seven C. Eight D. Ten
4.（ ）How much did Bill pay for the bird？
A. Nine dollars B. Ten dollars
C. Nine thousand dollars D. Ten thousand dollars21*cnjy*com
5.（ ）What did Bill send to his mother for her birthday？
A. A bird with a card B. Some money C. A joke D. A song
Ⅳ. 词汇运用(10分)
(Ⅰ)根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词。(5分)
1. Please give me a hand. I’m not tall e________ to reach the book on the top of the bookshelf.
2. All of us get w________ in the rain yesterday.
3. If you have a toothache, you need to see a d________.
4. —What kind of TV ________ (节目)do you like?
—Sports News.
5. Let’s enjoy the music ________ (一起).
(Ⅱ)用所给词的适当形式填空。(5分)
6. Mary ________ (buy)a wallet for my Mum yesterday. 21cnjy.com
7. We can do lots of outdoor ________ (active)when spring comes.
8. I usually go to the gym ________ (one)a week.
9. Please help ________ (you)to some strawberries, Jane.
10. There are many tall ________ (build)in the city now. 21*cnjy*com
Ⅴ. 完成句子(10分)
1. 让我们尽最大的努力来帮助贫困地区的孩子们。
Let’s _____ _____ _____ to help the children in poor areas.
2. 每次乘飞机时, 我感觉我就像一只鸟儿飞翔在天空。
I _____ _____a bird flying in the sky every time when I take a plane. www-2-1-cnjy-com
3. ——你去过任何有趣的地方吗?
——是的, 我和我的家人一起去了贵州。
—_____ you go _____ _____?
—Yes, I _____ to Guizhou _____ my family.
4. 到达那儿至少需要两个小时的时间。
It will take _____ _____two hours _____ _____there. 【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
5. 我们班上大多数学生每周锻炼二至三次。
_____ _____the students in our class exercise two or three times a week.
Ⅵ. 书面表达(20分)
每年的8月8日是“全民健身日”, 为了让这项运动更加深入人心, 某英文杂志的《运动与健康》栏目正在以“Let’s Do Exercise Together”为题, 向广大中学生征文, 请你根据下面表格中的要点提示写一篇文章, 向该栏目投稿。www.21-cn-jy.com
运动的重要性
运动的时间与方式
·保持健康
·培养个人的性格
……
·上学时步行或骑自行车
·体育课上做各种锻炼(跑步、打篮球……)
·周末与朋友去爬山、游泳等
……
参考词汇: keep fit, train a person’s character, on foot, PE classes, climb mountains
要求: 1. 短文须包含要点提示中的所有信息, 并适当发挥;
2. 词数: 80个词左右, 开头已给出, 不计入总词数;
3. 文章中不得出现真实的人名、校名和地名。
Let’s Do Exercise Together
It’s very important for us to do exercise. _______________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
补全对话(10分)
从方框中选择最佳选项完成对话, 有两项多余。
A. Do you like junk food?
B. How many hours do you usually sleep at night?
C. What’s your secret of keeping healthy?
D. I exercise every day.
E. They can help me become strong.
F. How often do you exercise?
G. Do you exercise every day?
M: Hello! I’m an interviewer of School Life. May I ask you some questions?
W: Of course.
M: You look very healthy. 1
W: I eat vegetables and fruit every day. 2 Drinking milk and water is very important, too.
M: 3
W: Yes, I like it very much. But I only eat junk food once a week, because it is bad for us.
M: 4
W: Yes, I do. I often take a walk and play sports after class. 21教育网
M: 5
W: About eight hours. I always have enough rest.
M: You have a good lifestyle. Thank you very much. 21世纪教育网版权所有
能力达标检测（Unit 5－Unit 7）
(45分钟 100分)
Ⅰ. 单项选择(30分)
( )1.—What?happened________him？ —He?hurt?himself. A. with B. to C. of D. about 正确答案是B 解析 what?happened?to?sb？某人发生了什么事？ ( )2.The?girl?was?flying?a?kite________her?father?came?back． A. when B. while C. until D. after 正确答案是A 解析 本题考查连词用法。结合设空前后的时态可知，所缺的连词是when。 ( )3.The?thieves?ran?away?when?the?burglar?alarm（防盗警报器）________． A. went?away B. went?out C. went?off D. went?through 正确答案是C 解析 句意：防盗警报器一响，小偷都逃走了。go?away意为“离开”；go?out意为“熄灭”；go?off意为“发出响声”；go?through意为“通过”。 ( )4.—My?son?is?studying?for?an?important?exam.?Could?you?please______the?music?a?little??????? —I'm?very?sorry. A. give?out B. pick?up C. turn?down D. take?off 正确答案是C 解析 句意：---我儿子正在为一次重要的考试而学习。你能把音乐调低一点吗？---对不起。give?out分发，散发出光热；pick?up捡起来；turn?down把音量调低；take?off脱掉衣服，飞机起飞。根据题意，故选C。 ( )5.My?father?was?watching?TV?______?my?mother?was?cooking． A. when B. until C. while D. as?soon?as 正确答案是C 解析 句意：我爸爸在看电视然而妈妈在做饭。A.when当……时候；B.until直到……才?C.while然而，有对比对照的意思；D.一……就……；根据句意，故选C。 ( )6.The?girl?is?afraid?to?dance?in?public?because?she?thinks?others?may________her． A.laugh?at. B.wait?for C.hear?of D.agree?with 正确答案是A 解析 由句意可知，那个女孩不敢当众跳舞，因为她觉得其他人可能会嘲笑她。故laugh?at符合题意。 wait?for：等待；hear?of：听说；agree?with：同意某人 ( )7.The?guide?will?collect?your?tickets?as?soon?as?you________the?station． A.get?to B.gets?to C.will?get?to D.got?to 正确答案是A 解析 as?soon?as引导时间状语从句，主句是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时，故答案为A。 ( )8.Don’t?be?angry?with?him.?___,?he?is?a?kid. A.In?all B.Above?all C.First?of?all D.After?all 正确答案是D 解析 句意：不要和他生气。毕竟，他是个孩子。A.In?all“总之”；B.Above?all“综上所述”；C.First?of?all“首先”；D.After?all“毕竟”。故选D。 ( )9.Your?uncle?will?come?to?see?you?as?soon?as?he________here． A.arrives B.arrived C.will?arrive D.is?arriving 正确答案是A 解析 句意：你的叔叔一到这里就会来看你。as?soon?as引导时间状语从句，主句是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时。故答案为A。 ( )10.The?book?is?______?for?us?to?read. A.good?enough B.enough?good C.too?good D.too?well 正确答案是A 解析 句意：这本书对我们来说足够好可以读。enough修饰形容词要后置，good?enough足够好，故选A。 21·cn·jy·com
( )11.Lin?Fang?comes?home________than?before?this?term．She?doesn’t?have?so?many?classes?in?the?afternoon． A. early B. earier C. late D. later 正确答案是B 解析 句意：林芳这个学期比以前回家早了。她下午没有那么多课了。本题考查副词比较级。由设空处后的than及句意可知答案为B项。 ( )12.I?think?math?is?as________as?English． A. important B. very?important C. less?important D. the?least?important 正确答案是A 解析 as…as之间要用形容词或副词的原级。故答案为A。 ( )13.He?thinks?his?hometown?is________of?all． A. beautiful B. more?beautiful C. most?beautiful D. the?most?beautiful 正确答案是D 解析 of?all是最高级的比较范围。形容词的最高级前面要加定冠词。 ( )14.—Who?is________，Tom?or?Mike？ —Tom?is． A. thin B. thiner C. thinner D. more?thin 正确答案是C 解析 两者相比较用比较级，而形容词thin比较级的正确形式是thinner。 ( )15.—Which?season?do?you?like________，winter?or?summer？ —Summer． A. well B. better C. best D. the?best 正确答案是B 解析 句意：——冬天和夏天，你更喜欢哪个季节？——夏天。本题考查副词的比较等级。本题对冬天和夏天两者进行比较，应该用比较级，故选B。 www-2-1-cnjy-com
Ⅱ. 完形填空(15分)
Jenny, from Germany, spent some time traveling in India. While she was there, she stayed with her Indian friend, Leela. However, there was a language barrier(障碍)for her there. It was very 1 for her to communicate in the new environment, which was very different from 2 of her own country. 2-1-c-n-j-y
One day, together with Leela, Jenny went to 3 an orphanage(孤儿院). All the children there were very young. At first, Jenny was not sure if she could have a way to communicate with them. She went over to the children 4 and sat beside them. After some time, one of the children 5 her. She felt a little relaxed and smiled back. Then she went close to the child. She slowly put her arm around the child and started 6 a song in German. The child kept smiling and started repeating the words after her. The words that came from the little mouth were different from those that Jenny sang, but the rhythm(节奏)was the same. Jenny sang a little more and the child followed her again. Wanting to join in the 7 , another child went up to Jenny and started singing the rhythm. Then more children joined. They 8 many smiles together. 21*cnjy*com
From the other side of the hall, Leela was smiling and watching them. Noticing Leela’s 9 on her, Jenny had an exciting feeling from her heart: “See, I don’t have any language barriers here. We 10 speak and communicate! ”At that moment, she understood: we’re all simple human, and we have the ability to communicate with each other. 【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
( )1. A. nice B. dangerous C. difficult D. easy【出处：21教育名师】
【解析】选C。考查形容词辨析。由第一段第三句“However, there was a language barrier for her there. ”可知, 对她来说, 在新的环境中交流非常困难。difficult意为“困难的”, 符合题意。
( )2. A. these B. those C. this D. that
【解析】选D。考查代词的用法。由上下文可知, 新的环境和她自己国家的不同。空格处代指环境, 故用代词that。
( )3. A. show B. visit C. build D. improve
【解析】选B。考查动词辨析。句意: Jenny和Leela一起去孤儿院。visit意为“参观; 拜访”, 符合句意。show意为“展示”; build意为“建造”; improve意为“提高; 改善”。
( )4. A. slowly B. early C. hardly D. easily
【解析】选A。考查副词辨析。句意: Jenny慢慢地走近孩子们, 坐在他们旁边。由上文可知, Jenny不确定自己是否可以和孩子们交流, 因此很谨慎小心, 故slowly符合语境。
( )5. A. looked at B. laughed at C. shouted at D. smiled at
【解析】选D。考查短语辨析。由下文“She felt a little relaxed and smiled back. ”可知, 过了一会儿, 其中一个孩子对她微笑了。smile at“对……微笑”, 符合语境。A项意为“看”; B项意为“嘲笑”; C项意为“朝……大叫”。
( )6. A. singing B. writing C. saying D. playing
【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。由下文可知Jenny开始用德语唱歌。sing a song意为“唱歌”, 符合语境。
( )7. A. club B. talk C. fun D. dance
【解析】选C。考查名词辨析。由下文可知, 另一个孩子想加入一起玩。fun意为“乐趣”, 符合题意。
( )8. A. forgot B. remembered C. shared D. missed21教育网
【解析】选C。考查动词辨析。由上文“Then more children joined. ”可知, 更多的孩子加入到唱歌的队伍中来了, 他们一起分享更多的微笑。share“分享”, 符合语境。A项意为“忘记”; B项意为“记住”; miss意为“错过; 思念”。
( )9. A. hands B. eyes C. influence D. question
【解析】选B。考查名词辨析。由最后一段第一句可知, Jenny注意到Leela的眼光正在注视着她。故选B。
( )10. A. can B. must C. need D. should
【解析】选A。考查情态动词。由上文“I don’t have any language barriers here”可知, Jenny在这儿没有任何语言障碍, 她可以和孩子们交流。can意为“能; 可以”, 符合题意。
Ⅲ. 阅读理解(15分)
Bill，Frank and Dave were three brothers．Every year they sent their mother expensive gifts on her birthday，．They liked to show her how rich they were．
The eldest brother．Bill，had a lot of money and he wanted his mother to have the most expensive gifts，but he didn’t know what to buy．So he put an ad in the newspaper．“Wanted﹣the greatest gift for my mother．”
About a week before his mother’s birthday a man came to his office．He brought a big bird．
“This bird．”the man said，“can speak ten languages and sing some pop songs．”
“Really？I’d like to listen to it，”Bill said．
The man made the bird talk in French and tell a joke in Japanese．Then the bird sang a beautiful song．Bill was very happy and paid nine thousand dollars for the bird．The next day Bill sent the bird to his mother with a birthday card．
The day after his mother’s birthday he called his mother．“Well，mother”he asked，“What do you think of the bird？”
“Oh，it’s very delicious，dear．”said his mother．
1.（ ）Who is the eldest brother？
A.Dave B.Bill C.Jack D.Frank
正确答案是B
解析
B．细节理解题，根据第一段“The eldest brother．Bill，had a lot of money and he wanted his mother to have the most expensive gifts，but he didn’t know what to buy．”（大哥．比尔，最有钱，他希望给妈妈的礼物最昂贵，但他不知道要买什么．所以他在报纸上登了广告．“想给妈妈最好的礼物”）．可知大哥是比尔，故选B．
2.（ ）What did Bill put in the newspaper？
A.A show B.A magazine C. An ad D. A report
正确答案是C
解析
C．细节理解题，根据“he put an ad in the newspaper．“Wanted﹣the greatest gift for my mother．”（但他不知道要买什么．所以他在报纸上登了广告．）可知比尔在报纸上登载了一条广告，故选C．
3.（ ）How many languages could the bird speak？
A. Five B. Seven C. Eight D. Ten21教育名师原创作品
正确答案是D
解析
D．细节理解题，根据““This bird．”the man said，“can speak ten languages and sing some pop songs．”（能说十种语言，唱一些流行歌曲》．可知那只鸟会说十种语言．故选D．
4.（ ）How much did Bill pay for the bird？
A. Nine dollars B. Ten dollars
C. Nine thousand dollars D. Ten thousand dollars
正确答案是C
解析
C．细节理解题，根据“Bill was very happy and paid nine thousand dollars for the bird．”，（他花九千美元买了这只鸟）．可知是九千美元．故选C．
5.（ ）What did Bill send to his mother for her birthday？
A. A bird with a card B. Some money C. A joke D. A song
正确答案是A
解析
A．细节理解题，根据“Bill sent the bird to his mother with a birthday card．”（次日比尔连同一张生日卡将鸟寄给了母亲）．可知比尔把那只鸟与一张卡片寄给了妈妈．故选A．
Ⅳ. 词汇运用(10分)
(Ⅰ)根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词。(5分)
1. Please give me a hand. I’m not tall e________ to reach the book on the top of the bookshelf.
2. All of us get w________ in the rain yesterday.
3. If you have a toothache, you need to see a d________. 【版权所有：21教育】
4. —What kind of TV ________ (节目)do you like?
—Sports News.
5. Let’s enjoy the music ________ (一起).
(Ⅱ)用所给词的适当形式填空。(5分)
6. Mary ________ (buy)a wallet for my Mum yesterday.
7. We can do lots of outdoor ________ (active)when spring comes. 21*cnjy*com
8. I usually go to the gym ________ (one)a week.
9. Please help ________ (you)to some strawberries, Jane.
10. There are many tall ________ (build)in the city now.
答案: 1. enough 2. wet 3. dentist 4. program 5. together 6. bought
7. activities 8. once 9. yourself 10. buildings
Ⅴ. 完成句子(10分)
1. 让我们尽最大的努力来帮助贫困地区的孩子们。
Let’s _____ _____ _____ to help the children in poor areas. 21cnjy.com
2. 每次乘飞机时, 我感觉我就像一只鸟儿飞翔在天空。
I _____ _____a bird flying in the sky every time when I take a plane.
3. ——你去过任何有趣的地方吗?
——是的, 我和我的家人一起去了贵州。
—_____ you go _____ _____?
—Yes, I _____ to Guizhou _____ my family.
4. 到达那儿至少需要两个小时的时间。
It will take _____ _____two hours _____ _____there.
5. 我们班上大多数学生每周锻炼二至三次。
_____ _____the students in our class exercise two or three times a week.
答案: 1. try our best 2. feel like
3. Did; anywhere interesting
went; with
4. at least; to go 5. Most of
Ⅵ. 书面表达(20分)
每年的8月8日是“全民健身日”, 为了让这项运动更加深入人心, 某英文杂志的《运动与健康》栏目正在以“Let’s Do Exercise Together”为题, 向广大中学生征文, 请你根据下面表格中的要点提示写一篇文章, 向该栏目投稿。21世纪教育网版权所有
运动的重要性
运动的时间与方式
·保持健康
·培养个人的性格
……
·上学时步行或骑自行车
·体育课上做各种锻炼(跑步、打篮球……)
·周末与朋友去爬山、游泳等
……
参考词汇: keep fit, train a person’s character, on foot, PE classes, climb mountains
要求: 1. 短文须包含要点提示中的所有信息, 并适当发挥;
2. 词数: 80个词左右, 开头已给出, 不计入总词数;
3. 文章中不得出现真实的人名、校名和地名。
Let’s Do Exercise Together
It’s very important for us to do exercise. _______________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Let’s Do Exercise Together
It’s very important for us to do exercise. Doing exercise can not only help us keep fit, but also help to train a person’s character. What’s more, doing exercise helps us to study better.
We can do exercise whenever we want. It’s good for us to go to school on foot or by bike. In PE classes, we can do all kinds of exercise, such as running, jumping, playing basketball and so on. On weekends, we can climb mountains or go swimming with our friends. Also, we can go hiking during the vacations. www.21-cn-jy.com
Let’s do exercise together and have a healthy lifestyle! 2·1·c·n·j·y
补全对话(10分)
从方框中选择最佳选项完成对话, 有两项多余。
A. Do you like junk food?
B. How many hours do you usually sleep at night?
C. What’s your secret of keeping healthy?
D. I exercise every day.
E. They can help me become strong.
F. How often do you exercise?
G. Do you exercise every day?
M: Hello! I’m an interviewer of School Life. May I ask you some questions?
W: Of course.
M: You look very healthy. 1
W: I eat vegetables and fruit every day. 2 Drinking milk and water is very important, too.
M: 3
W: Yes, I like it very much. But I only eat junk food once a week, because it is bad for us.
M: 4
W: Yes, I do. I often take a walk and play sports after class. 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
M: 5
W: About eight hours. I always have enough rest.
M: You have a good lifestyle. Thank you very much. 21·世纪*教育网
答案: 1～5. CEAGB
第9讲 八年级下册（Unit 5－Unit 7）
高频词汇拓展
1. report→(记者)__________
2．strange→(陌生人)__________
3．wind→(有风的)__________
4．heavily→(重的)_________
5．asleep→(睡觉) __________→(困倦的)_________
6．against→(反义词)______
7．completely→(完成)_________
8．silence→(沉默的；无声的)__________
9．shoot→(过去式) _______→(过去分词)_________
10．silly→(同义词) ________→(反义词)___________
11. storm→(有暴风雨/雪的)__________
12．wife→(复数)________
13．wood→(木制的)_____________
14．lead→(过去式) _____→(过去分词) _____→(领导)_________
15．truth→(真的；符合事实的) ______→(诚实的；真实的)_________
16．shine→(过去式) _______→(过去分词) _______→(光亮的；有光泽的)_____
17.record→(录音机；录像机)___________
18．nature→(自然的；天然的)__________
19．Asia→(亚洲人；亚洲的)__________
20．tour→(旅行者；观光者) __________→(吸引很多游客的)_________
21．protect→(保护；防卫) ____________→(保护人)_____________21世纪教育网版权所有
22．wide→(普遍地；广泛地)____________
23．thick→(反义词)___________
24.include→(包括……在内)_______________
25．achieve→(成就；成绩；完成)_________________
26．awake→(醒；唤醒)__________
27．weigh→(重量)____________
重点短语组句
1.go off(闹钟)发出响声
闹钟确实响了，但我只是打了个哈欠，翻个身又接着睡着了。
The alarm did _________ but all I did was yawn, turn over and go back to sleep.
2.pick up(=pick up the phone)接电话
你竟敢拿起电话偷听我的谈话！
How dare you _________ the phone and listen in on my conversations!
3.fall asleep进入梦乡；睡着
与睡眠好的人相比，睡眠不好的人要花更长的时间才能入睡。
Poor sleepers take longer to _________ than good sleepers. 21·cn·jy·com
4.die down逐渐变弱；逐渐消失
我们希望暴风雨在我们出航前平息。
We're hoping that the storm can _________ before we go out sailing.www.21-cn-jy.com
5.have a look看一看
你应该去瞧瞧。You should go along and _________.
6.make one’s way前往；费力地前进
那里有许多人以至于我们在人群里举步维艰。
There were so many people that we could hardly_________out of the crowds.
7.in silence沉默；无声
他们默不作声地站着。They stood _________.
8.take down拆除；往下拽；记录
汤姆，我们一直试着给你回电话，可是，或许我们把你的号码写错了。
We've been trying to get back to you, Tom, but we think we _______ your number_________ incorrectly 21*cnjy*com
9.remember doing sth. 记得做过某事
我当然完全不记得和你讲过话。I certainly don't _________ to you at all
10.at first首先；最初
开始他不同意，但后来同意了。_________ he didn't agree, but later he did.
11.put on 穿上
我能想吃什么就吃什么，但是体重从来不增加。I can eat what I want but I never _________ weight 21*cnjy*com
12.keep doing sth. 坚持做某事
我总是忘了现在是12月了。I _________ forgetting it's December.
13.instead of代替；反而
你为什么不参加踢足球而只是看热闹？Why don't you play football_____ just looking on?
14.turn...into变成
我想我得停下来了，否则我就会变成一台机器。
I think I have got to stop or I might_________ a machine
15.work on doing sth. 致力于做某事
我们得努力编成这本书。We got to_________ putting the book together.
16.continue to do sth. 继续做某事
我们希望她能继续大力支持，并能与她维持亲密友谊。
We hope to _________ have her close support and friendship.
17.try to do sth. 试图做某事
错了就错了，不要辩解。A mistake is a mistake. Don't _________explain it away.
18.feel free（可以）随便（做某事）
如果有任何问题，请随意提问。If you have any questions at all, please _________ to ask me.
19.as far as l know就我所知
据我所知，他将外出三个月。
_________ he'll be away for three months.
20.take in吸入；吞入（体内）
叶子吸收阳光。Leaves_________ sunlight.
21.in the face of面对（问题、困难等）
他迎着危险勇往直前。He took his courage in both hands _________ danger.
22.even though(=even if)即使；虽然
哪怕失败，我也要试一下。I will have a try _________ I should fail.
23.up to到达（某数量、程度等）；至多有；
那里有多达200万人口依靠食品援助。
_________ two million people there are dependent on food aid
24.walk into走路时撞着
你是怎么了，走路撞上门了？What did you do,_________ a door?
25.fall over绊倒
如果他喝酒超过两杯，就会醉倒。If he drinks more than two glasses of wine, he _________
必考词句辨析
考点一 He finally fell asleep when the wind was dying down at around 3 a.m. 最后，他在大约凌晨3点钟当风渐渐平息下来的时候睡着了。 【考点精讲】 此处when作从属连词，意为“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句。 【辨析】when，while when与while都可引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”。但区别为： ◆when既可指时间点，也可指时间段；从句中的动词可以是终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词；从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时，也可以是先后发生；主句用过去进行时，从句用一般过去时。 ◆while只指时间段；从句中的动词必须是延续性动词；主句的动作发生在从句动作发生的过程中或主、从句两个动作同时发生；若从句与主句动作同时发生，主、从句都用进行时。 ◆when和while还可作并列连词。when表示“在那时”；while表示“而；却”，表示对照关系。 ◆when可用于表示“一……就……”的句型中，若主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。 【拓展】while与when在过去进行时中位置的转换： While John was playing the piano，Mary left the house.约翰在弹钢琴时，玛丽离开了家。 John was playing the piano when Mary left the house.当玛丽离开家时，约翰在弹钢琴。 【辨析】sleepy/asleep/sleeping/sleep ◆sleepy指人昏昏欲睡，或沉睡时的寂静状态，即可作表语，又可作定语。作表语时，是“困倦、想睡觉”之意，作定语时，作“贪睡、寂静的”意思。eg： The children feel sleepy，put them to bed.孩子们困了，把他们放床上睡吧。 ◆asleep是表语形容词，意为“睡着的”。fall asleep“睡着”。eg：He was too tired and fell asleep at once.他太累了，立刻就睡着了。 ◆sleeping是定语形容词，它放在所修饰的名词前。意为“睡觉的”。eg：Who is that sleeping man？那个在睡觉的人是谁？ ◆sleep作动词或名词。意为“睡眠，睡觉”。eg： You have a good sleep.你需要好好睡一觉。 Last night I slept very well.我昨天晚上睡得很好。 【精题巧练】
( )1.（2016?河南）Everyone wants to reach the top of the mountain，but all the happiness happens while you it．
A．climb B．climbed C．are climbing D．have climbed
( )2.（2016?黄石）-What were you doing ______ I knocked at the door？
-I was sleeping．
A．unless B．once C．when D．while
( )3.（2016?贵阳）Paul stayed up late to watch the soccer game last night and now be feels very ．
A．sleep B．asleep C．sleepy
考点二 When he woke up, the sun was rising.当他醒来的时候，太阳正在升起。 【考点精讲】 【辨析】raise/rise 两个词都有“举起；提高；升起”之意，但其用法不尽相同。 ◆rise是不及物动词，是“升起；上升；上涨”的意思。说明主语自身移向较高的位置。比如太阳的升起、河水的上涨等 eg：The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳从东方升起而落在西方。 The river ha s risen several metres.河水涨了好几米。21教育名师原创作品
◆raise 及物动词，意为“举起；把……升起”，说明主语发出的动作是要作用于其他事物的。比如举手、升国旗等。此外，raise 还有“饲养；筹集”之意. eg：If anyone has questions，please raise your hand.如果有人还存在问题，请举手。 【精题巧练】
( )1. (2017·武汉)—Dad, I'll be in the final singing competition tomorrow.
—Be careful not to get a sore throat and________ your voice.
A. lose B. raise C. drop D. break
考点三 I was so scared that I could hardly think clearly after that. 我是如此害怕，以至于事后我几乎不能想清楚。 【考点精讲】 【辨析】so...that，such...that “so ＋形容词或副词＋that 从句”表示“如此……以致……”，that 从句为结果状语从句。 “such...that...”也是表示“如此……以致……”，但 such 后面接名词(这个名词前面可以带形容词，也可以不带)，句式为“such＋a(n)＋adj.＋单数可 数名词＋that 从句”或“such＋adj.＋不可数名词/可数名词的复数＋that 从句”。 如果名词前有 many, much, few, little 等修饰词的话，则不用 such 而用 so。eg：
He is so clever that everybody likes him.他非常聪明，大家都喜欢他。 ＝He is such a clever boy that everybody likes him. 他是一个很聪明的男孩，大家都喜欢他。 He has made such great progress that the teachers are pleased with him. 他进步得很快，老师们对他感到很满意。 He had so little education that he was unfit for this job. 他所受教育很少，不适合做这个工作。 【辨析】so...that，so that so...that意为“如此……以至于……”，that后接结果状语从句。 so that意为“为了；目的是”，that后接目的状语从句，与“in order that”同义。eg： She is so beautiful that everyone likes her very much. 她是如此漂亮以至于每个人都非常喜欢她。
He got up earlier than usual so that he could catch the early bus. 他比平时起得早为的是赶上早班车。 【精题巧练】
( )1.（2016?西宁）--When shall we begin our trip？
--We'll set out ________ our head teacher arrives．（ ）
A．as soon as B．ever since C．so that D．even though
( )2.（2016?丹东）We must get up early ______ we can catch the first bus to school．（ ）
A．so that B．such that C．in order to D．in order
考点四 But?what?could?Yu?Gong?do?instead of moving the mountains？ 但是不把山移开，愚公还能做什么呢？ 【考点精讲】 【辨析】instead，instead of，rather than ◆instead为副词，意为“代替；反而；却”，修饰整个句子作状语，常放在句首或句末。eg：I don't like tea，so give me coffee instead.我不喜欢茶，所以给我咖啡。 The class didn't smile.Instead，they all made faces.同学们没有笑。反而他们都做鬼脸。 ◆instead of和rather than都可以表示“而不是”，常位于句中，两者都可接名词、代词等作宾语。若后接动词时，instead of后接v.-ing，rather than后常接动词原形。eg： I'll go instead of him.我将代替他去。 We should do something instead of just talking about it. ＝We should do something rather than just talk about it. 我们不应该只是谈论，而应该做点什么。 【精题巧练】
( )1.（2016?烟台）Life is the unexpected．Whatever we do，try our best．
A．full of B．proud of C．instead of D．because of
? 考点五 Well, there are many other ways. 嗯，有许多其它的方法。 【考点精讲】 【辨析】other，else other和else都可作形容词，表示“别的”，但用法完全不同。 other修饰名词，位于名词之前；eg：What's that in your other hand？你另一只手里拿的是什么？ else修饰不定代词(something，everything，anything，nothing，somebody，everybody，anybody，nobody等)、疑问代词(who，which，what等)和疑问副词(when，where等)，位于这些词之后。eg：What else did you do yesterday？昨天你还做了什么？ 【精题巧练】
( )1.（2016?株洲）The twins are in different classes．One is in Class One and ______ is in Class Two．
A．another B．other C．the other
考点六 As soon as you wake up, you must go to the forest with your father. 你们一醒来就必须和你们爸爸去森林里。 【考点精讲】 as soon as意为“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句。在使用时，要注意主、从句时态一致。当主句是一般将来时或过去将来时时，从句应对应使用一般现在时或过去时。 eg：The baby began to cry as soon as she saw her mother.那个婴儿一看见她妈妈就开始哭。 We'll go to play basketball as soon as the rain stops tomorrow.明天雨一停我们就出去打篮球。 【精题巧练】【版权所有：21教育】
( )1.（2016?南充）Jenny didn't go to bed____her mother came home last night．
A．as soon as B．if C．while D．until
( )2. (2017·天津)It's not always safe to pay over the Internet，________you should be careful.
A. so B. after C. because D. as soon as
考点七 Then they hear an old woman’s voice from inside the house. 【考点精讲】 【辨析】voice/sound/noise ◆voice侧重人的声音(说话、唱歌、发笑)，有时也指鸟鸣声。用于其他方面时，常表示悦耳之声，如鸟鸣声、乐器声等。表示不同种类的声音时为可数名词。eg： We could hear the children's voices in the garden.我们能听到花园里孩子们的声音。 ◆noise指“不和谐、不悦耳”的噪声。eg： Don't make so much noise.不要制造如此多的噪音。◆sound作名词，指人们听到的各种“声音”的总称；还可以作连系动词，意思是“听起来”。 eg：That sounds interesting！那听起来很有趣。 【精题巧练】
( )1.（2016?安徽）Cathy has such a good_____that she won many prizes in singing competitions last year．
A．sleep B．idea C．voice D．time
( )2.（2016?济南）-Do you like the songs by Taylor？
-Yes．Country music nice and full of feelings．
A．sounds B．listens C．hears D．looks
( )3.（2016?孝感）-Mom，I will eat less fast food this year，believe me．
-If you make a ________，you must keep it．
A．joke B．noise C．mistake D．promise
考点八 The main reason was to protect their part of the country.
主要的原因是保护他们国家的地区。
【考点精讲】
protect动词，意为“保护；防护”，常用于短语protect...from/against...中，意为“保护……使不受……”。eg：
There're fewer animals.It's important for us to protect them.
动物们越来越少，对于我们来说保护它们很重要。
He is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight.
他戴着太阳镜以遮挡强烈的阳光。
【精题巧练】
( )1.（2016?兰州）These rules are made ????the disabled．
A．protect B．protected C．to?protect D．protecting
考点九 The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams. 这些登山者的精神告诉我们，我们应该永不放弃，努力实现我们的梦想。 【考点精讲】 give up 固定短语，意为“放弃”，后跟名词、代词、动词-ing形式作宾语。若接代词作宾语时，代词要放在give和up之间。类似用法的短语还有put off 。 The doctor says her father should give up smoking. 医生说她父亲应该戒烟。
后接动名词的动词短语： look forward to doing sth.期待做某事； be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事； feel like doing sth.想做某事； cannot help doing sth.忍不住做某事； put off doing sth.推迟做某事 think about doing sth. 考虑做某事 keep/go on doing sth. 继续/坚持做某事 【辨析】achieve，come true ◆achieve是及物动词，“实现”，有被动语态，主语为人。eg： She achieved her dream.她实现了她的梦想。 ◆come true是不及物动词词组，意为“实现，达到”, 主语常为物。eg：Her dream came true.她的梦想实现了。 【精题巧练】
( )1.（2016?泸州）You should smoking．It's really bad for your health．
A．put up B．give up C．get up D．set up
( )2.（2016?黄冈）-You aren't supposed to smoke in public．It's bad for our health．
-Sorry，I will ______ my cigarette right now．
A．give up B．put down C．put out D．give away
考点十 Lin Wei loves her job, but it is a difficult one. 林薇爱她的工作，但这是一份难做的工作。 【考点精讲】 【辨析】one，that，it ◆one单独使用时，表示泛指。指同类中的另一个事物，常常代替带有不定冠词a/an的名词。既可代替人，也可代替物，但只能代替可数名词，其复数形式为ones。若one前有定语修饰，其前可带冠词。eg：—Do you have a pen？你有一支钢笔吗？—Yes，I have one.是的，我有一支。 ◆that可以代替“the＋单数名词”，用于特指。主要用于两种东西对比，其复数形式为those。常用来代替物，不能用来代替人。eg：That hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。
◆it代替上文中提到的事物本身，表示特指。即可代替单数可数名词，也可代替不可数名词。eg：I can't find my hat.I don't know where I put it.我找不到我的帽子。我不知道把它放在哪儿了。 【精题巧练】
( )1. (2017·泰安)—I'm a little hungry, Mum!
—There are some apple pies on the table；you may take________.
A. it B. this C. that D. one
语法精析巧练
一、过去进行时?
1.?基本概念：过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在进行的
动作。这一特定的过去时间除有上下文暗示以外,?一般用时间状语来表示。?
?结构??was?/?were?(?not?)?+?动词-ing??????
?句式???????
?肯定式：?
I/He/She/It?was?working.?We/You/They/?were?working.??www-2-1-cnjy-com
否定式:?
I/He/She/It?was?not?working.?
We/You/They/?were?not?working.???????
??疑问式和简略回答:?
Was?I?working??Yes,?you?were.?No,?you?were?not.?Were?you?working??Yes,?I?was.?No,?I?was?not.?Was?he/she/it?working??Yes,?he/she/it?was.?No,?he/she/it?was?not.?Were?we/you/they?working??Yes,?you/we/they?were.?No,?you/we/they?were?not.?注：?21·世纪*教育网
1)?was?not常缩略为wasn’t;?were?not常缩略为weren’t。?
2)?一般过去时与过去进行时用法的比较:?一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生过的动作或存在的状态,?而过去进行时则表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。?例如:?
David?wrote?a?letter?to?his?friend?last?night.??大卫昨晚给他的朋友写了封信。(信写完了。)?
David?was?writing?a?letter?to?his?friend?last?night.??大卫昨晚一直在给他的朋友写信。(信不一定写完。)【出处：21教育名师】
4.过去进行时中的when和while?
?when,?while?区别：?
?由when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时；?由while引导的时间状语从句，主句用一般过去时，从句应用过去进行时。?
When?the?teacher?came?in,?we?were?talking.?
?当此句改变主从句的位置时，则为：??While?we?were?talking,?the?teacher?came?in.??
2)如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用while引导。如：??
They?were?singing?while?we?were?dancing.?
【精题巧练】
( )1. 【2017年四川成都】--Did you hear someone knock at the door just now?
-- Sorry. I ______ to my friend on the phone.
A.was talking B. talked C. am talking
( )2. （2016?哈尔滨）-Could you tell me where you found Miss Gao just now？
-Certainly．In the principal's office．They happily at that time．
A．are talking B．have talked C．were talking
二、unless、as soon as、so...that...引导的条件状语从句
1.?unless引导条件状语从句??
?unless?=?if?…?not?―除非，若不??
They?will?go?tomorrow?unless?it?rains.?
=?They?will?go?tomorrow?if?it?doesn’t?rains.?
?as?soon?as引导时间状语从句。?―……就
?He?will?come?and?see?you?as?soon?as?he?can.?
3.?so.......that引导结果状语从句?
句型1：主语+谓语+so+形容词/副词+that从句
The?wind?was?so?strong?that?we?could?hardly?move?forward.?21cnjy.com
句型2：?so?+形容词?+?a/an?+?单数名词?+?that从句?
It?was?so?hot?a?day?that?they?all?went?swimming.?2·1·c·n·j·y
句型3.??so?+?many/?few?+?复数名词?+?that从句?
He?has?so?few?friends?that?he?often?feels?lonely.?【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
句型4：?so?+much/?little?+?不可数名词?+?that?从句?
?I?had?so?little?money?that?I?couldn’t?buy?a?pen.?
【精题巧练】
( )1. （2016?随州）-I really want to join the square dance．Can I learn the dance well？
-Yes，Mom!Nothing is impossible______you put your heart into it!
A．as long as B．as soon as C．even if D．unless
( )2. （2016?泸州）You can't pass the exam you study hard．
A．if B．as C．for D．unless
三、形容词副词的原级、比较级和最高级??
（一）原级句型：?
1.?A?is?as+原级+?as+?B?表示A?与B一样…eg:?He?is?as?tall?as?me.
2.A?is?not?as/so?+原级+?as?B表示A不如B…eg:He?is?not?as?tall?as?me.?
3.只能修饰原级的词，very，quite，so，too，so,?enough,?pretty等??
?例如，He?is?too?tired?to?walk?on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。?
比较级句型?
可以修饰比较级的词，much，a?lot，far，…的多a?little，a?bit，…一点儿?even甚至，still仍然??????
Eg.?Lesson?One?is?much?easier?than?Lesson?Two.第一课比第二课容易得多。????????
Tom?looks?even?younger?than?before.汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。?
1.当句中有than?时则用比较级。?eg:?He?is?fatter?than?me.?
2．当句子中的比较对象为两者时用比较级：“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级，A?or?B？”?
eg:?Which?is?bigger，the?earth?or?the?moon？哪一个大，地球还是月球？?
3.?“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。?
???eg.The?flowers?are?more?and?more?beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮。?
?加more构成比较级的形容词则用more?and?more?+形容词表示越来越…?
eg:?English?is?more?and?more?important.?
?“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……，越……”。???
Eg.?The?more?careful?you?are，the?fewer?mistakes?you’ll?make.?
“A+be+the+形容词比较级+of?the?two+……”表示“A是两者中较……的”。????
Eg.Look?at?the?two?boys.?My?brother?is?the?taller?of?the?two.?21教育网
A+be+形容词比较级+than+any?other+单数名词(+介词短语)”???表示“A比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……”，含义是“A最……”。????
Eg.?The?Yangtze?River?is?longer?than?any?other?river?in?China.?
=The?Yangtze?River?is?the?longest?river?in?China.?
（三）最高级常用句型结构?
1．“主语+be+the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……的”。?
??eg：Tom?is?the?tallest?in?his?class./of?all?the?students.???
This?apple?is?the?biggest?of?the?five.?
2．“主语+be+one?of?the+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……之一”。?
Eg：Beijing?is?one?of?the?largest?cities?in?China.?
“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+A，B，or?C？”用于三者以上?
eg?Which?is?the?biggest??The?moon,the?sun?or?ths?earth??
“the?+序数词+最高级+单数名词+范围”。表示…是第几大（…）
?eg:?The?Yellow?River?is?the?second?longest?river?in?China?.?
【注意】形容词最高级之前要加the，但当最高级之前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格时则不用加the??
eg:?He?is?the?best?student?in?my?class.?? ?He?is?my?best?friend.?
形容词副词的规则与不规则变化???
规则变化??
?1.一般在词尾直接加er或est，例如，tall-taller-tallest，long-longer-longest???
以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st，例如，nice-nicer-nicest???
3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i，再加er或est，例如，
heavy-heavier-heaviest?
4.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est，
eg.?big-bigger-biggest?
部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级，例如，slowly-more?slowly-most?slowly；beautiful-?more?beautiful-most?beautiful
不规则变化
原级
?比较级
?最高级
good/well?
better?
best?
bad/badly/ill?
worse
?worst
many/much?
more?
most
little
less?
least?
far?
farther?
farthest?
further?
furthest
old??
older
?Oldest(无血缘关系的)
elder?
eldest（有血缘关系）
【精题巧练】
( )1. 【2017年安徽】---What do you think of the movie?【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
---Great! I have never seen a _____ one.
A. good B. bad C. better D. worse
( )2. 【2017年四川成都】 Jim studies better than Tom, but Tom is ____ and he has more friends.2-1-c-n-j-y
A. friendly B. more friendly C. the most friendly
话题写作训练
一、范文背记
【话题分析】
难忘的经历
近几年关于“难忘的经历”的话题，在全国中考的书面表达中所占的范围和比重是相当大的。通过分析可知，此类作文命题通常有以下几个角度：
①和学生学习相关的难忘的事情或经历。如：参加学校比赛的一次经历；一次未能按时完成学习任务的经历；初中生活中所遇到的困难与挫折等。
②和学生日常生活相关的经历。如：记在某地的一天My Day in Shuihu Town；发生在大家身边的感人故事；爱心捐赠活动；记一件有关友谊的事；看图写故事；描写一次聚会盛况等。
【常用句式】
开头句：
I'll never forget the day when I was in the countryside.
I still remember the day last summer when I went for a picnic with my father.
We had a birthday party for Kangkang at his home last Sunday.
In order to celebrate the 90th birthday of our party and enrich our lives，we organised a concert recently.
中间句：
Jane played the guitar and Mary played the piano.
I found a few plants that appear in my biology books.
I was a volunteer in a disabled children's home.
In the boys' relay race，Michael ran very fast and our class won first place.
By the time I got to the station，the train had already left.
It offered me an opportunity to deepen my understanding of life.
I missed the chair and fell down.
结尾句：
Everyone had a good time.
This kind of activity is very meaningful，isn't it?
I will never forget this forever because it gave me a good lesson.
Nothing is impossible if you put your heart into it.
【真题剖析】(2016，北京)
假如你是李华，为了帮助洪灾地区的小朋友渡过难关，你们学校上周组织了以“友爱、互助”为主题的献爱心捐赠活动。请你用英语写一篇短文给某英文网站投稿，谈谈你在这次活动中捐赠了什么，为什么捐赠这些物品，以及你的感受。
提示词语：donate (捐赠)，book，schoolbag，clothes，toy，help，proud
提示问题：●What did you donate?
●Why did you donate the things?
●How do you feel?
At my school，we made donations to children in the flooded areas last week.
【审题指导】
本篇书面表达属于应用文题材，要求考生描述一次爱心捐赠活动。写作时，人称应以第一人称为主；描述捐赠活动时应用一般过去时，谈及感受时应用一般现在时。
【范文欣赏】
At my school，we made donations to children in the flooded areas last week.As many people are going through a hard time，they may be short of many necessities.Therefore，I want to offer help to the children by donating some clothes，books，schoolbags，and other stationeries .
The reason why I want to donate these is that I want them to keep warm and at the same time not to leave their study behind.The flood may destroy their houses and carry away their belongings，but as long as we give them a hand，we can spread our love to them and reduce their depression.
Whenever I am given the chance to help those in need，my heart is always filled with a sense of happiness and pride.I hold the view that a small act of kindness can also make a big difference and I will insist on helping others in the future.
【名师点评】文章结构印证了“凤头豹尾”。开头开门见山，结尾简短有力。语言简洁流畅，首先简单引入话题并描述自己捐的物品；接着说明自己捐赠的原因；最后描述自己的感受，并进行总结，表明今后会继续坚持帮助别人。
二、写作训练
假如你所在中学的校刊近期开辟英文专栏，征集发生在大家身边的感人故事。请根据以下提示，为该专栏投稿。
1．在一个寒冷的早晨，你买早餐时看到前面的女孩买了面包和牛奶。
2．女孩要离开时，发现树下有一个老年乞丐，他看上去又冷又饿。
3．女孩走到乞丐身旁，把食物递给了他。
4．乞丐向女孩道谢，女孩微笑着离开。
5．你很感动……
参考词汇：乞丐beggar；感动be moved
要求：1.词数：80～100；
2．开头已给出，不计入总数词；
3．要点齐全，行文连贯，可适当发挥。
On a cold morning，while I was buying breakfast，I saw a girl in front of me buying some bread and milk.
第9讲 八年级下册（Unit 5－Unit 7）
高频词汇拓展
1. report→(记者)reporter
2．strange→(陌生人)stranger
3．wind→(有风的)windy
4．heavily→(重的)heavy
5．asleep→(睡觉)sleep→(困倦的)sleepy
6．against→(反义词)for
7．completely→(完成)complete
8．silence→(沉默的；无声的)silent
9．shoot→(过去式) shot→(过去分词)shot
10．silly→(同义词) stupid→(反义词)clever/smart
11. storm→(有暴风雨/雪的)stormy
12．wife→(复数)wives
13．wood→(木制的)wooden
14．lead→(过去式) led→(过去分词)led→(领导)leader
15．truth→(真的；符合事实的)truthful→(诚实的；真实的)true
16．shine→(过去式) shone→(过去分词)shone→(光亮的；有光泽的)shiny
17.record→(录音机；录像机)recorder
18．nature→(自然的；天然的)natural
19．Asia→(亚洲人；亚洲的)Asian
20．tour→(旅行者；观光者)tourist→(吸引很多游客的)touristy
21．protect→(保护；防卫) protection→(保护人)protector
22．wide→(普遍地；广泛地)widely
23．thick→(反义词)thin
24.include→(包括……在内)including
25．achieve→(成就；成绩；完成)_achievement
26．awake→(醒；唤醒)wake
27．weigh→(重量)weight
重点短语组句
1.go off(闹钟)发出响声
闹钟确实响了，但我只是打了个哈欠，翻个身又接着睡着了。
The alarm did go off but all I did was yawn, turn over and go back to sleep.
2.pick up(=pick up the phone)接电话
你竟敢拿起电话偷听我的谈话！
How dare you pick up the phone and listen in on my conversations!21世纪教育网版权所有
3.fall asleep进入梦乡；睡着
与睡眠好的人相比，睡眠不好的人要花更长的时间才能入睡。
Poor sleepers take longer to fall asleep than good sleepers. 21教育名师原创作品
4.die down逐渐变弱；逐渐消失
我们希望暴风雨在我们出航前平息。
We're hoping that the storm can die down before we go out sailing.
5.have a look看一看
你应该去瞧瞧。You should go along and have a look.
6.make one’s way前往；费力地前进
那里有许多人以至于我们在人群里举步维艰。
There were so many people that we could hardly make our way out of the crowds.
7.in silence沉默；无声
他们默不作声地站着。They stood in silence.
8.take down拆除；往下拽；记录
汤姆，我们一直试着给你回电话，可是，或许我们把你的号码写错了。
We've been trying to get back to you, Tom, but we think we took your number down incorrectly 2-1-c-n-j-y
9.remember doing sth. 记得做过某事
我当然完全不记得和你讲过话。I certainly don't remember talking to you at all
10.at first首先；最初
开始他不同意，但后来同意了。At first he didn't agree, but later he did.
11.put on 穿上
我能想吃什么就吃什么，但是体重从来不增加。I can eat what I want but I never put on weight
12.keep doing sth. 坚持做某事
我总是忘了现在是12月了。I keep forgetting it's December.
13.instead of代替；反而
你为什么不参加踢足球而只是看热闹？Why don't you play football instead of just looking on?
14.turn...into变成
我想我得停下来了，否则我就会变成一台机器。
I think I have got to stop or I might turn into a machine 21cnjy.com
15.work on doing sth. 致力于做某事
我们得努力编成这本书。We got to work on putting the book together.
16.continue to do sth. 继续做某事
我们希望她能继续大力支持，并能与她维持亲密友谊。
We hope to continue to have her close support and friendship.
17.try to do sth. 试图做某事
错了就错了，不要辩解。A mistake is a mistake. Don't try to explain it away.
18.feel free（可以）随便（做某事）
如果有任何问题，请随意提问。If you have any questions at all, please feel free to ask me.
19.as far as l know就我所知
据我所知，他将外出三个月。
As far as I know he'll be away for three months.
20.take in吸入；吞入（体内）
叶子吸收阳光。Leaves take in sunlight.
21.in the face of面对（问题、困难等）
他迎着危险勇往直前。He took his courage in both hands in the face of danger.
22.even though(=even if)即使；虽然
哪怕失败，我也要试一下。I will have a try even though I should fail.
23.up to到达（某数量、程度等）；至多有；
那里有多达200万人口依靠食品援助。
Up to two million people there are dependent on food aid www.21-cn-jy.com
24.walk into走路时撞着
你是怎么了，走路撞上门了？What did you do, walk into a door?
25.fall over绊倒
如果他喝酒超过两杯，就会醉倒。If he drinks more than two glasses of wine, he falls over. 必考词句辨析
考点一 He finally fell asleep when the wind was dying down at around 3 a.m. 最后，他在大约凌晨3点钟当风渐渐平息下来的时候睡着了。 【考点精讲】 此处when作从属连词，意为“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句。 【辨析】when，while when与while都可引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”。但区别为： ◆when既可指时间点，也可指时间段；从句中的动词可以是终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词；从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时，也可以是先后发生；主句用过去进行时，从句用一般过去时。 ◆while只指时间段；从句中的动词必须是延续性动词；主句的动作发生在从句动作发生的过程中或主、从句两个动作同时发生；若从句与主句动作同时发生，主、从句都用进行时。 ◆when和while还可作并列连词。when表示“在那时”；while表示“而；却”，表示对照关系。 ◆when可用于表示“一……就……”的句型中，若主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。 【拓展】while与when在过去进行时中位置的转换： While John was playing the piano，Mary left the house.约翰在弹钢琴时，玛丽离开了家。 John was playing the piano when Mary left the house.当玛丽离开家时，约翰在弹钢琴。 【辨析】sleepy/asleep/sleeping/sleep ◆sleepy指人昏昏欲睡，或沉睡时的寂静状态，即可作表语，又可作定语。作表语时，是“困倦、想睡觉”之意，作定语时，作“贪睡、寂静的”意思。eg： The children feel sleepy，put them to bed.孩子们困了，把他们放床上睡吧。 ◆asleep是表语形容词，意为“睡着的”。fall asleep“睡着”。eg：He was too tired and fell asleep at once.他太累了，立刻就睡着了。 ◆sleeping是定语形容词，它放在所修饰的名词前。意为“睡觉的”。eg：Who is that sleeping man？那个在睡觉的人是谁？ ◆sleep作动词或名词。意为“睡眠，睡觉”。eg： You have a good sleep.你需要好好睡一觉。 Last night I slept very well.我昨天晚上睡得很好。 【精题巧练】
( )1.（2016?河南）Everyone wants to reach the top of the mountain，but all the happiness happens while you it．
A．climb B．climbed C．are climbing D．have climbed
【考点】现在进行时．
【分析】人人都想到达山顶，但是登山的快乐就在你爬山的过程中．
【解答】答案：C．
在这里while是当…的时候，它引导一个时间状语从句，而且主句的动作发生在从句动作进行的过程中，所以while引导的句子用进行时，本题根据句意"人人都想到达山顶，但是登山的快乐就在你爬山的过程中．"判断用现在进行时，构成是：主语+am/is/are+动词的现在分词．故选C
( )2.（2016?黄石）-What were you doing ______ I knocked at the door？
-I was sleeping．
A．unless B．once C．when D．while
【考点】从属连词．
【分析】-昨天晚上我敲门的时候你干嘛呢？
-我正在睡觉．
【解答】答案：C；unless除非；once一旦；when当…的时候；while当…的时候；when，while都有"当…时候"的意思．when既可表示某一点时间，也可以表示某一段时间．在when引导的时间状语从句中，其谓语动词可以是延续性的，也可以是非延续性的，可与主句中的谓语动词同时发生，也可在其后发生；while只能表示某一段时间，不能表示某一点时间．在while引导的时间状语从句中，其谓语动词只能是延续性的，而且也只能与主句中的谓语动词同时发生或存在．根据从句I knocked at the door可知谓语动词只能是非延续性的，必须用when引导；故选C．
( )3.（2016?贵阳）Paul stayed up late to watch the soccer game last night and now be feels very ．
A．sleep B．asleep C．sleepy
【考点】形容词的位置．
【分析】Paul昨晚熬夜看足球赛了，现在他感到很困倦．
【解答】答案：C
sleep睡觉，动词；asleep睡着的，形容词；sleepy困倦的，形容词；feel是系动词，后跟形容词，排除A；根据Paul stayed up late to watch the soccer game last night可知现在的状态是困倦而不是睡着，故选C． 考点二 When he woke up, the sun was rising.当他醒来的时候，太阳正在升起。 【考点精讲】 【辨析】raise/rise 两个词都有“举起；提高；升起”之意，但其用法不尽相同。 ◆rise是不及物动词，是“升起；上升；上涨”的意思。说明主语自身移向较高的位置。比如太阳的升起、河水的上涨等 eg：The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳从东方升起而落在西方。 The river ha s risen several metres.河水涨了好几米。
◆raise 及物动词，意为“举起；把……升起”，说明主语发出的动作是要作用于其他事物的。比如举手、升国旗等。此外，raise 还有“饲养；筹集”之意. eg：If anyone has questions，please raise your hand.如果有人还存在问题，请举手。 【精题巧练】
( )1. (2017·武汉)—Dad, I'll be in the final singing competition tomorrow.
—Be careful not to get a sore throat and________ your voice.
A. lose B. raise C. drop D. break
【考点】动词词义辨析．
【分析】--爸爸，明天我要参加歌唱总决赛．
--小心别让喉咙痛而让你失声．
【解答】答案：A．考查动词词义辨析．句意：--爸爸，明天我要参加歌唱总决赛．--小心别让喉咙痛而让你失声．lose失去；raise提高，上升；drop下降；break打破．根据题干Dad，I'll be in the final singing competition tomorrow．爸爸，明天我要参加歌唱总决赛．可知应说小心别让喉咙痛而让你失声．故选A．
考点三 I was so scared that I could hardly think clearly after that. 我是如此害怕，以至于事后我几乎不能想清楚。 【考点精讲】 【辨析】so...that，such...that “so ＋形容词或副词＋that 从句”表示“如此……以致……”，that 从句为结果状语从句。 “such...that...”也是表示“如此……以致……”，但 such 后面接名词(这个名词前面可以带形容词，也可以不带)，句式为“such＋a(n)＋adj.＋单数可 数名词＋that 从句”或“such＋adj.＋不可数名词/可数名词的复数＋that 从句”。 如果名词前有 many, much, few, little 等修饰词的话，则不用 such 而用 so。eg：
He is so clever that everybody likes him.他非常聪明，大家都喜欢他。 ＝He is such a clever boy that everybody likes him. 他是一个很聪明的男孩，大家都喜欢他。 He has made such great progress that the teachers are pleased with him. 他进步得很快，老师们对他感到很满意。 He had so little education that he was unfit for this job. 他所受教育很少，不适合做这个工作。 【辨析】so...that，so that so...that意为“如此……以至于……”，that后接结果状语从句。 so that意为“为了；目的是”，that后接目的状语从句，与“in order that”同义。eg： She is so beautiful that everyone likes her very much. 她是如此漂亮以至于每个人都非常喜欢她。21教育网
He got up earlier than usual so that he could catch the early bus. 他比平时起得早为的是赶上早班车。 【精题巧练】
( )1.（2016?西宁）--When shall we begin our trip？
--We'll set out ________ our head teacher arrives．（ ）
A．as soon as B．ever since C．so that D．even though
【考点】从属连词．
【分析】--我们什么时候开始我们的旅程？
--校长一到我们就出发．
【解答】答案：A；根据语境以及上下文，本题考查的是连词的用法．根据设空处前后句子和它们的时态（主将从现）可以推测答语的句意是"校长一到我们就出发．"表示"一…就…"用短语as soon as，故选A．
( )2.（2016?丹东）We must get up early ______ we can catch the first bus to school．（ ）
A．so that B．such that C．in order to D．in order
【考点】状语从句．
【分析】我们必须早起床，为的是赶上去学校的第一趟车．
【解答】答案：A；
根据句意可知，句子中的we can catch the first bus to school是 We must get up early 的目的，所以用so that引导表示目的状语从句，in order to（"为的是"，后面跟动词原形）引导目的状语；故选A．21*cnjy*com
考点四 But?what?could?Yu?Gong?do?instead of moving the mountains？ 但是不把山移开，愚公还能做什么呢？ 【考点精讲】 【辨析】instead，instead of，rather than ◆instead为副词，意为“代替；反而；却”，修饰整个句子作状语，常放在句首或句末。eg：I don't like tea，so give me coffee instead.我不喜欢茶，所以给我咖啡。 The class didn't smile.Instead，they all made faces.同学们没有笑。反而他们都做鬼脸。 ◆instead of和rather than都可以表示“而不是”，常位于句中，两者都可接名词、代词等作宾语。若后接动词时，instead of后接v.-ing，rather than后常接动词原形。eg： I'll go instead of him.我将代替他去。 We should do something instead of just talking about it. ＝We should do something rather than just talk about it. 我们不应该只是谈论，而应该做点什么。 【精题巧练】www-2-1-cnjy-com
( )1.（2016?烟台）Life is the unexpected．Whatever we do，try our best．
A．full of B．proud of C．instead of D．because of
【考点】介词短语．
【分析】生活充满了意想不到的东西．无论我们做什么，尽我们最大的努力．
【解答】答案A．be full of 充满；be proud of 自豪；instead of 代替；because of 由于．结合语境应该是生活充满了意想不到的东西．故选A． ? 考点五 Well, there are many other ways. 嗯，有许多其它的方法。 【考点精讲】 【辨析】other，else other和else都可作形容词，表示“别的”，但用法完全不同。 other修饰名词，位于名词之前；eg：What's that in your other hand？你另一只手里拿的是什么？ else修饰不定代词(something，everything，anything，nothing，somebody，everybody，anybody，nobody等)、疑问代词(who，which，what等)和疑问副词(when，where等)，位于这些词之后。eg：What else did you do yesterday？昨天你还做了什么？ 【精题巧练】
( )1.（2016?株洲）The twins are in different classes．One is in Class One and ______ is in Class Two．
A．another B．other C．the other
【考点】不定代词．
【分析】这对双胞胎在不同的班级，一个在一班另一个在二班．
【解答】答案C．A．another 泛指另一个 B．other 泛指其他的（人或物） C．the other （两个人或物中的）另一个．根据题意，我们可以知道双胞胎是两个人，所以答案应该为C，表示两个人中的另一个，表示特指．故答案为C．
考点六 As soon as you wake up, you must go to the forest with your father. 你们一醒来就必须和你们爸爸去森林里。 【考点精讲】 as soon as意为“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句。在使用时，要注意主、从句时态一致。当主句是一般将来时或过去将来时时，从句应对应使用一般现在时或过去时。 eg：The baby began to cry as soon as she saw her mother.那个婴儿一看见她妈妈就开始哭。 We'll go to play basketball as soon as the rain stops tomorrow.明天雨一停我们就出去打篮球。 【精题巧练】
( )1.（2016?南充）Jenny didn't go to bed____her mother came home last night．
A．as soon as B．if C．while D．until
【考点】从属连词．
【分析】Jenny昨天晚上直到她妈妈回家才去睡觉．
【解答】答案：D．
联系语境并根据前后句子的对比，可知本句应理解为：Jenny昨天晚上直到她妈妈回家才去睡觉．；结合关键词 didn't，可以判断出此句应用固定表达not…until来完成，意为"直到…才…"引导一个时间状语从句．故选D【版权所有：21教育】
( )2. (2017·天津)It's not always safe to pay over the Internet，________you should be careful.
A. so B. after C. because D. as soon as
【考点】连词辨析
【分析】通过互联网支付并不总是安全的，因此你应该小心．
【解答】答案：A．考查连词辨析．句意：通过互联网支付并不总是安全的，因此你应该小心．so因此，所以；after 在…之后；because因为；as soon as一…就…．根据题干It's not always safe to pay over the Internet，通过互联网支付并不总是安全的，可知应说因此你应该小心．故选A．
考点七 Then they hear an old woman’s voice from inside the house. 【考点精讲】 【辨析】voice/sound/noise ◆voice侧重人的声音(说话、唱歌、发笑)，有时也指鸟鸣声。用于其他方面时，常表示悦耳之声，如鸟鸣声、乐器声等。表示不同种类的声音时为可数名词。eg： We could hear the children's voices in the garden.我们能听到花园里孩子们的声音。 ◆noise指“不和谐、不悦耳”的噪声。eg： Don't make so much noise.不要制造如此多的噪音。◆sound作名词，指人们听到的各种“声音”的总称；还可以作连系动词，意思是“听起来”。 eg：That sounds interesting！那听起来很有趣。 【精题巧练】
( )1.（2016?安徽）Cathy has such a good_____that she won many prizes in singing competitions last year．
A．sleep B．idea C．voice D．time
【考点】名词的词义辨析．
【分析】Cathy有这么好的声音，她在去年的歌唱比赛中赢得了许多奖项．
【解答】答案：C；sleep睡觉，动词；睡眠，名词；idea主意，名词；voice声音，名词；time时间；名词；根据句中后面信息she won many prizes in singing competitions last year推测句中指的是Cathy有这么好的声音；故选C．
( )2.（2016?济南）-Do you like the songs by Taylor？
-Yes．Country music nice and full of feelings．
A．sounds B．listens C．hears D．looks
【考点】系动词．
【分析】--你喜欢泰勒的歌吗？
--是的，乡村音乐听上去优美且富有感情．
【解答】答案：A．
结合选项可知本题考查感官动词，首先明确选项中每个单词的意思：A：听起来；B：听（强调动作）；C：听见（强调结果）；D：看起来； 根据设空处后面的nice，结合题干推测答语的句意是"是的，乡村音乐听上去优美且富有感情．"，所以sounds 符合句意，故选A．
( )3.（2016?孝感）-Mom，I will eat less fast food this year，believe me．
-If you make a ________，you must keep it．
A．joke B．noise C．mistake D．promise
【考点】名词的词义辨析．
【分析】-妈妈，今年我会吃更少的快餐食品，相信我．
-如果你许诺了，你必须守信．
【解答】答案：D
make a joke开玩笑；make a noise吵闹；make a mistake犯错；make a promise许诺；根据I will eat less fast food this year可知这是一个许诺，故选D
考点八 The main reason was to protect their part of the country.
主要的原因是保护他们国家的地区。
【考点精讲】
protect动词，意为“保护；防护”，常用于短语protect...from/against...中，意为“保护……使不受……”。eg：
There're fewer animals.It's important for us to protect them.
动物们越来越少，对于我们来说保护它们很重要。
He is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight.
他戴着太阳镜以遮挡强烈的阳光。
【精题巧练】
( )1.（2016?兰州）These rules are made ????the disabled．
A．protect B．protected C．to?protect D．protecting
【考点】一般现在时的被动语态．
【分析】制定这些规则为的是保护残疾人．
【解答】答案：C
根据设空处前后推测句意是"制定这些规则为的是保护残疾人．"即"保护残疾人"是"制定规则"的目的，表示目的应该使用动词不定式形式，故选C
【点评】明确句意，掌握不定式的用法是做好本题的关键．
考点九 The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams. 这些登山者的精神告诉我们，我们应该永不放弃，努力实现我们的梦想。 【考点精讲】 give up 固定短语，意为“放弃”，后跟名词、代词、动词-ing形式作宾语。若接代词作宾语时，代词要放在give和up之间。类似用法的短语还有put off 。 The doctor says her father should give up smoking. 医生说她父亲应该戒烟。
后接动名词的动词短语： look forward to doing sth.期待做某事； be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事； feel like doing sth.想做某事； cannot help doing sth.忍不住做某事； put off doing sth.推迟做某事 think about doing sth. 考虑做某事 keep/go on doing sth. 继续/坚持做某事 【辨析】achieve，come true ◆achieve是及物动词，“实现”，有被动语态，主语为人。eg： She achieved her dream.她实现了她的梦想。 ◆come true是不及物动词词组，意为“实现，达到”, 主语常为物。eg：Her dream came true.她的梦想实现了。 【精题巧练】
( )1.（2016?泸州）You should smoking．It's really bad for your health．
A．put up B．give up C．get up D．set up
【考点】动词短语．
【分析】你应该放弃抽烟．它对你的健康真的有害．
【解答】答案：B．
首先明确选项中动词短语的意思，A：张贴；B：放弃；C：起床；D：成立； 根据语境It's really bad for your health．推测设空处的句意是"你应该放弃抽烟．"，由此判断句子中缺少短语：放弃give up，故答案为B．
( )2.（2016?黄冈）-You aren't supposed to smoke in public．It's bad for our health．
-Sorry，I will ______ my cigarette right now．
A．give up B．put down C．put out D．give away
【考点】动词短语．
【分析】-你不应该在公共场所吸烟，这对我们的健康有害．
-对不起，我马上就把我的香烟熄灭．
【解答】答案：C；give up放弃；put down放下；put out熄灭，扑灭；give away赠送；根据上句You aren't supposed to smoke in public和答语Sorry推测下句句意：我马上就把我的香烟熄灭；故选C
考点十 Lin Wei loves her job, but it is a difficult one. 林薇爱她的工作，但这是一份难做的工作。 【考点精讲】 【辨析】one，that，it ◆one单独使用时，表示泛指。指同类中的另一个事物，常常代替带有不定冠词a/an的名词。既可代替人，也可代替物，但只能代替可数名词，其复数形式为ones。若one前有定语修饰，其前可带冠词。eg：—Do you have a pen？你有一支钢笔吗？—Yes，I have one.是的，我有一支。 ◆that可以代替“the＋单数名词”，用于特指。主要用于两种东西对比，其复数形式为those。常用来代替物，不能用来代替人。eg：That hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。
◆it代替上文中提到的事物本身，表示特指。即可代替单数可数名词，也可代替不可数名词。eg：I can't find my hat.I don't know where I put it.我找不到我的帽子。我不知道把它放在哪儿了。 【精题巧练】
( )1. (2017·泰安)—I'm a little hungry, Mum!
—There are some apple pies on the table；you may take________.
A. it B. this C. that D. one
【考点】指示代词
【分析】-我有一点饿了，妈妈！
-在桌子上有一些苹果派，你可以吃一个．
【解答】答案：D
it代指上文出现过的同一个事物；this和that是单数指示代词，this表示这个，that表示那个；one代指上文出现过的一类事物中的一个，不限于同一个，且表示单数．空格前的some apple pies表示一些苹果派，此句表示你可以吃一个，one代指的是一些苹果派中的一个，符合语法与句意．2·1·c·n·j·y
语法精析巧练
一、过去进行时?
1.?基本概念：过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在进行的
动作。这一特定的过去时间除有上下文暗示以外,?一般用时间状语来表示。?
?结构??was?/?were?(?not?)?+?动词-ing??????
?句式???????
?肯定式：?
I/He/She/It?was?working.?We/You/They/?were?working.??
否定式:?
I/He/She/It?was?not?working.?
We/You/They/?were?not?working.???????
??疑问式和简略回答:?
Was?I?working??Yes,?you?were.?No,?you?were?not.?Were?you?working??Yes,?I?was.?No,?I?was?not.?Was?he/she/it?working??Yes,?he/she/it?was.?No,?he/she/it?was?not.?Were?we/you/they?working??Yes,?you/we/they?were.?No,?you/we/they?were?not.?注：?
1)?was?not常缩略为wasn’t;?were?not常缩略为weren’t。?
2)?一般过去时与过去进行时用法的比较:?一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生过的动作或存在的状态,?而过去进行时则表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。?例如:?
David?wrote?a?letter?to?his?friend?last?night.??大卫昨晚给他的朋友写了封信。(信写完了。)?
David?was?writing?a?letter?to?his?friend?last?night.??大卫昨晚一直在给他的朋友写信。(信不一定写完。)
4.过去进行时中的when和while?
?when,?while?区别：?
?由when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时；?由while引导的时间状语从句，主句用一般过去时，从句应用过去进行时。?21·世纪*教育网
When?the?teacher?came?in,?we?were?talking.?
?当此句改变主从句的位置时，则为：??While?we?were?talking,?the?teacher?came?in.??
2)如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用while引导。如：??
They?were?singing?while?we?were?dancing.?
【精题巧练】
( )1. 【2017年四川成都】--Did you hear someone knock at the door just now?
-- Sorry. I ______ to my friend on the phone.
A.was talking B. talked C. am talking
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：句意：--你刚才听见有人敲门吗？--不好意思，我在给我的朋友打电话。这里指刚才敲门的时候，我正在打电话，所以句子应该用过去进行时。故选A。
考点：考查动词的时态。
( )2. （2016?哈尔滨）-Could you tell me where you found Miss Gao just now？
-Certainly．In the principal's office．They happily at that time．
A．are talking B．have talked C．were talking
【考点】过去进行时．
【分析】-你能告诉我刚才你在哪里找到的高小姐吗？
-当然可以，在校长的办公室．在那个时间他们正愉快地交谈．
【解答】答案：C．根据语境just now（刚才）和at that time（在那时）可这动作是过去正在进行的，故应用过去进行时态（基本结构：was/were+动词的现在分词），故答案为C．
二、unless、as soon as、so...that...引导的条件状语从句
1.?unless引导条件状语从句??
?unless?=?if?…?not?―除非，若不??
They?will?go?tomorrow?unless?it?rains.?
=?They?will?go?tomorrow?if?it?doesn’t?rains.?
?as?soon?as引导时间状语从句。?―……就
?He?will?come?and?see?you?as?soon?as?he?can.?
3.?so.......that引导结果状语从句?
句型1：主语+谓语+so+形容词/副词+that从句
The?wind?was?so?strong?that?we?could?hardly?move?forward.?【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
句型2：?so?+形容词?+?a/an?+?单数名词?+?that从句?
It?was?so?hot?a?day?that?they?all?went?swimming.?【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
句型3.??so?+?many/?few?+?复数名词?+?that从句?
He?has?so?few?friends?that?he?often?feels?lonely.?
句型4：?so?+much/?little?+?不可数名词?+?that?从句?
?I?had?so?little?money?that?I?couldn’t?buy?a?pen.?
【精题巧练】
( )1. （2016?随州）-I really want to join the square dance．Can I learn the dance well？
-Yes，Mom!Nothing is impossible______you put your heart into it!
A．as long as B．as soon as C．even if D．unless
【考点】从属连词．
【分析】--我真的想加入到广场舞中，我能学好舞吗？
--是的，妈妈．只要你用心，没有什么是不可能的．
【解答】答案：A；
根据语境以及上下文，本题考查的是连词的用法．根据设空处前后句的Nothing is imossible和you put your heart into it可以推测答语的句意是"只要你用心，没有什么是不可能的．"表示"只要…"用短语as long as引导一个条件状语从句，故选A．
( )2. （2016?泸州）You can't pass the exam you study hard．
A．if B．as C．for D．unless
【考点】从属连词．
【分析】你不能通过考试除非你努力学习．
【解答】答案：D．
本题考查的是从属连词的辨析．根据题意，从前半句"你不能通过考试"和后半句"你努力学习"来看，这里需要一个表假设的连词，结合选项，unless可以引导一个表假设的条件状语从句，意为"除非"，相当于if not．故选D
三、形容词副词的原级、比较级和最高级??
（一）原级句型：?
1.?A?is?as+原级+?as+?B?表示A?与B一样…eg:?He?is?as?tall?as?me.
2.A?is?not?as/so?+原级+?as?B表示A不如B…eg:He?is?not?as?tall?as?me.?
3.只能修饰原级的词，very，quite，so，too，so,?enough,?pretty等??
?例如，He?is?too?tired?to?walk?on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。?
比较级句型?
可以修饰比较级的词，much，a?lot，far，…的多a?little，a?bit，…一点儿?even甚至，still仍然??????21*cnjy*com
Eg.?Lesson?One?is?much?easier?than?Lesson?Two.第一课比第二课容易得多。????????
Tom?looks?even?younger?than?before.汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。?
1.当句中有than?时则用比较级。?eg:?He?is?fatter?than?me.?
2．当句子中的比较对象为两者时用比较级：“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级，A?or?B？”?
eg:?Which?is?bigger，the?earth?or?the?moon？哪一个大，地球还是月球？?
3.?“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。?
???eg.The?flowers?are?more?and?more?beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮。?
?加more构成比较级的形容词则用more?and?more?+形容词表示越来越…?
eg:?English?is?more?and?more?important.?
?“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……，越……”。???
Eg.?The?more?careful?you?are，the?fewer?mistakes?you’ll?make.?
“A+be+the+形容词比较级+of?the?two+……”表示“A是两者中较……的”。????
Eg.Look?at?the?two?boys.?My?brother?is?the?taller?of?the?two.?
A+be+形容词比较级+than+any?other+单数名词(+介词短语)”???表示“A比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……”，含义是“A最……”。????
Eg.?The?Yangtze?River?is?longer?than?any?other?river?in?China.?
=The?Yangtze?River?is?the?longest?river?in?China.?
（三）最高级常用句型结构?
1．“主语+be+the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……的”。?
??eg：Tom?is?the?tallest?in?his?class./of?all?the?students.???
This?apple?is?the?biggest?of?the?five.?
2．“主语+be+one?of?the+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……之一”。?
Eg：Beijing?is?one?of?the?largest?cities?in?China.?
“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+A，B，or?C？”用于三者以上?
eg?Which?is?the?biggest??The?moon,the?sun?or?ths?earth??
“the?+序数词+最高级+单数名词+范围”。表示…是第几大（…）
?eg:?The?Yellow?River?is?the?second?longest?river?in?China?.?
【注意】形容词最高级之前要加the，但当最高级之前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格时则不用加the??
eg:?He?is?the?best?student?in?my?class.?? ?He?is?my?best?friend.?
形容词副词的规则与不规则变化???
规则变化??
?1.一般在词尾直接加er或est，例如，tall-taller-tallest，long-longer-longest???
以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st，例如，nice-nicer-nicest???
3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i，再加er或est，例如，
heavy-heavier-heaviest?
4.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est，
eg.?big-bigger-biggest?
部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级，例如，slowly-more?slowly-most?slowly；beautiful-?more?beautiful-most?beautiful
不规则变化
原级
?比较级
?最高级
good/well?
better?
best?
bad/badly/ill?
worse
?worst
many/much?
more?
most
little
less?
least?
far?
farther?
farthest?
further?
furthest
old??
older
?Oldest(无血缘关系的)
elder?
eldest（有血缘关系）
【精题巧练】
( )1. 【2017年安徽】---What do you think of the movie?【出处：21教育名师】
---Great! I have never seen a _____ one.
A. good B. bad C. better D. worse
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析：句意：-----你认为这部电影怎么样？-----非常棒！我从来没有看过比这更好的了。A. good 好的，形容词原级；B. bad差的，形容词原级； C. better 更好的，比较级；D. worse更糟糕的，比较级。比较级用于否定句，往往表示最高级含义。根据Great!可知这部电影是看过的最好的电影，故选C。
考点：考查形容词比较级的用法。
( )2. 【2017年四川成都】 Jim studies better than Tom, but Tom is ____ and he has more friends.
A. friendly B. more friendly C. the most friendly
【答案】B
【解析】试题分析：句意：吉姆比汤姆学习更好，但是汤姆更友好，他有更多的朋友。这里是两个人在作比较，所以应该用比较级。故选B。
考点：考查形容词的比较级。
话题写作训练
一、范文背记
【话题分析】
难忘的经历
近几年关于“难忘的经历”的话题，在全国中考的书面表达中所占的范围和比重是相当大的。通过分析可知，此类作文命题通常有以下几个角度：
①和学生学习相关的难忘的事情或经历。如：参加学校比赛的一次经历；一次未能按时完成学习任务的经历；初中生活中所遇到的困难与挫折等。
②和学生日常生活相关的经历。如：记在某地的一天My Day in Shuihu Town；发生在大家身边的感人故事；爱心捐赠活动；记一件有关友谊的事；看图写故事；描写一次聚会盛况等。
【常用句式】
开头句：
I'll never forget the day when I was in the countryside.
I still remember the day last summer when I went for a picnic with my father.
We had a birthday party for Kangkang at his home last Sunday.
In order to celebrate the 90th birthday of our party and enrich our lives，we organised a concert recently.
中间句：
Jane played the guitar and Mary played the piano.
I found a few plants that appear in my biology books.
I was a volunteer in a disabled children's home.
In the boys' relay race，Michael ran very fast and our class won first place.
By the time I got to the station，the train had already left.
It offered me an opportunity to deepen my understanding of life.
I missed the chair and fell down.
结尾句：
Everyone had a good time.
This kind of activity is very meaningful，isn't it?
I will never forget this forever because it gave me a good lesson.
Nothing is impossible if you put your heart into it.
【真题剖析】(2016，北京)
假如你是李华，为了帮助洪灾地区的小朋友渡过难关，你们学校上周组织了以“友爱、互助”为主题的献爱心捐赠活动。请你用英语写一篇短文给某英文网站投稿，谈谈你在这次活动中捐赠了什么，为什么捐赠这些物品，以及你的感受。
提示词语：donate (捐赠)，book，schoolbag，clothes，toy，help，proud
提示问题：●What did you donate?
●Why did you donate the things?
●How do you feel?
At my school，we made donations to children in the flooded areas last week.
【审题指导】
本篇书面表达属于应用文题材，要求考生描述一次爱心捐赠活动。写作时，人称应以第一人称为主；描述捐赠活动时应用一般过去时，谈及感受时应用一般现在时。
【范文欣赏】
At my school，we made donations to children in the flooded areas last week.As many people are going through a hard time，they may be short of many necessities.Therefore，I want to offer help to the children by donating some clothes，books，schoolbags，and other stationeries .
The reason why I want to donate these is that I want them to keep warm and at the same time not to leave their study behind.The flood may destroy their houses and carry away their belongings，but as long as we give them a hand，we can spread our love to them and reduce their depression.
Whenever I am given the chance to help those in need，my heart is always filled with a sense of happiness and pride.I hold the view that a small act of kindness can also make a big difference and I will insist on helping others in the future.
【名师点评】文章结构印证了“凤头豹尾”。开头开门见山，结尾简短有力。语言简洁流畅，首先简单引入话题并描述自己捐的物品；接着说明自己捐赠的原因；最后描述自己的感受，并进行总结，表明今后会继续坚持帮助别人。
二、写作训练
假如你所在中学的校刊近期开辟英文专栏，征集发生在大家身边的感人故事。请根据以下提示，为该专栏投稿。
1．在一个寒冷的早晨，你买早餐时看到前面的女孩买了面包和牛奶。
2．女孩要离开时，发现树下有一个老年乞丐，他看上去又冷又饿。
3．女孩走到乞丐身旁，把食物递给了他。
4．乞丐向女孩道谢，女孩微笑着离开。
5．你很感动……
参考词汇：乞丐beggar；感动be moved
要求：1.词数：80～100；
2．开头已给出，不计入总数词；
3．要点齐全，行文连贯，可适当发挥。
On a cold morning，while I was buying breakfast，I saw a girl in front of me buying some bread and milk.When the girl was about to leave，she found there was a poor beggar under the tree.He looked so cold and hungry that the girl wanted to help him.So the girl went close to the beggar and offered her food to him.The beggar thanked her happily and the girl went away with a beautiful smile on her face.21·cn·jy·com
At that moment，I was moved.I felt the touch of something bright and friendly.We should learn from her and help the people in need.
