Module 4 Seeing the doctor Unit 3 Language in use 语法学案（现在完成时）

现在完成时
一 、构成: have/has+动词过去分词（done）
肯定 ：主语+have/has + pp 否定：主语+have/has not + pp
一般疑问句 ： Have/Has + 主语+ pp+其他 (Yes, 主+have/has. No, 主+haven’t/hasn’t.
特殊疑问句： 特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+pp+其他
二、现在完成时的主要用法
1 表示过去发生的动作或事情，对现在的影响和产生的结果。
时间状语yet(否/疑), already 已经/ just刚刚（肯） ever/never 曾经/从来不
before 以前 recently, lately 最近 in/during the past/last 5 years 过去五年
by now, so far, up to now, till now 迄今 once, twice… 一次 all/in one’s life 某人一生
2. 表示一个从过去开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 通常和for或since引导的时间状语连用。注意：动词延续性 www.21-cn-jy.com
（1）for+一段时间 I have been here for 5 weeks. She has worked for 10 hours.
（2）since + (过去的)时间点 I have been here since 2000.
He has worked as a lawyer since 5 years ago
since +句子（一般过去时）He has taught English since he was 10 years old.
（3）二者可以转换 for + 一段时间 = since + 一段时间 + ago
He has been here for five weeks.= He has been here since five weeks ago.
（4） since能引导时间状语从句 ，(主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时，而for则不能。
（5）现在完成时常用句型：
①It is (has been) +时间段+ since +时间状语或从句
It is four days since last Friday.
从上周五到现在已经四天了。
It has been two years since Jim came to Beijing.
吉姆来北京已经两年了。
②This is the first (second…) time that + 从句
句型中的that从句通常使用现在完成时。
This is the first time that Jenny and Danny have been to China.21cnjy.com
这是珍妮和丹妮第一次来屮国。
（6）均须与延续性动词连用，也可以与非延续性动词的否定式连用。
如:I have bought this computer since four years ago. (×)【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
I have had this computer since four years ago. (√)2-1-c-n-j-y
I haven’t bought anything for two months.(√ )
I haven't heard from him for 3 weeks. (√)
注1)：since 也可单独使用, 表示“自那时起”；另外since前也可加上ever，以加强语气。
I have been here (ever) since then.
2)：对for或since引导的时间状语提问用how long
三 、暂性动词与延续动词间的转换
短暂性(短动词)动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,但是可以转换成相应的延续性(长动词)动词.
leave—be away (from) come/go (to) –be (in/at) put on ---wear start/begin to do---do arrive in, at/reach/get to-- be in/at+地点 buy—have borrow—keep finish/end—be over join--be in/be a member of … sth. started/began--be on die--be dead close--be closed
open--be open return--be back marry--be married become a/an—be a/an catch/get a cold ---have a cold 21世纪教育网版权所有
改错1.She has bought the computer for two years.
2.How long have you come to the United States？
3.Ann has gone to China since three months ago.
4.I have got to Paris for one week .
5.My brother has joined the army for five years.
6.I have left Shanghai for 3 days.
7.I have borrowed the dictionary since 3 days ago . 21·cn·jy·com
8.The film has begun for 10 minutes. 9.The concert has finished for half an hour.
10.His dog has died for two years . 11. She has married for six years .
have/has gone to: 已经去了或在途中，还没有返回(去了未回来),不能与一段时间连用have/has been to: 曾经去过某地，现在已经回来了，后面可接表示“次数”的状语；
(去了已回来) ，与一段时间连用
have/has been in: 表示某人“已在某地停留了一段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表示一段时间的状语。(状态)(曾经在，现在还在那里) ，可以与一段时间连用
用Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空
Mike and his parents __________ the north for half a year.2·1·c·n·j·y
Mum is not at home now. she _________ the shop.
______ you ever _____ to kunming ? Never. .Where _____ you ______ these days?
Has Jim arrived yet?----Yes, he _______ here for several days.www-2-1-cnjy-com
Where is Peter? I don’t know where he ________.
Hi Jim! Where _____ you _____ ? ----- Li Lei is looking for you21*cnjy*com
四、 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：
现在完成时: 强调这一动作产生的结果对现在的影响或结果，与现在有关。 一般过去时: 仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生过这一动作，与现在无关。
他已学英语五年了 He has studied English for five years. （说明他还会继续学下去）
他曾学过五年英语。 He studied English for five years. （只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在不学了。） 21教育网
一般过去时与现在完成时有一些明显的时间状语。
遇到yesterday, Last year, in May, in+过去某一年，two days ago, the other day, just now等就用一般过去时 (表过去的时间)【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
当有 so far, in/during/over the past/ last few days(在过去/最近的几年里)，since接过去时间状语或过去时的句子等常用现在完成时 (不能与确定的时间)【出处：21教育名师】
动 词 填 空：
1._____ you ________(clean) the room?--- Yes, we __________(do) that already.
When _______ you ______(do) it?---We _______(do) it an hour ago.【版权所有：21教育】
2.______ he ______(see) this film yet? ----Yes.
When _____ he _____(see) it?----He ______ it last week. 21教育名师原创作品
3. How many times ____you______(be) there?
4. I ______ (read) the novel twice. It’s interesting.21*cnjy*com
5. She _________(go) to Pairs, hasn’t she? ---Yes.
How ______ she _______(go) there?---She _______(go) there by air.
6. So far, many countries _______________(develop) their software programs.
7.Mr Chen ______(give)up smoking last year.
8.Mr Chen __________(give) up smoking since last year.
翻译下列句子：1. 你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？
2. 我刚刚丢了我的语文书。
3. 我以前从来没去过那个公园。
4. 他已经吃过午饭了。5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？
6. 我哥哥去那儿两小时了。
7. 自从1992年他住在这里。
9.这本字典我已买了三年了。
10.他离开中国三年了
阅读下面短文，完成相关任务。
As we know, health is the most important thing in our life. To stay healthy, I think we should do such things (1)________(good)．21·世纪*教育网
First, to have a balanced diet, we need (2)________(eat) all kinds of food. It's better to eat more vegetables and fruit, but less meat. And we should have breakfast, lunch and supper on time.
Second, we should go to bed early and get up early. It can make us (3)________(happy) and it's good for our health.
Third, we should take more exercise, such as(4)________ (walk), running, playing basketball and so on. All these can help make ourselves strong and (5)____________ (health)．
I hope all of us can live a healthy lifestyle and be healthy forever.
健康是中学生学习的保障，但是网络抢走了我们的锻炼时间，垃圾食品威胁着我们的健康。请根据下面的提示，以“How to keep healthy ”为题写一篇英语短文。100词左右。
提示：1.坚持锻炼； 2.健康饮食； 3.合理上网； 4.充足的睡眠； 5.保持愉快的心情。
How to keep healthy
It's important for us to keep healthy. As middle school students, we should have a healthy lifestyle. ②Here are some suggestions.
First, we should do exercise at least one hour a day, ①such as running and walking. Second, have a healthy diet. Eat more fruit and vegetables. Try not to eat junk food. Third, we ①had better not ① spend too much time going online．It ①is bad for our study and eyes. Fourth, go to bed early and don't① stay up too late, because enough sleep ①is good for our health.② Finally , be happy as possible as we can．Learn to smile at ourselves at any time.
If we do so, I believe we can keep healthy.
Module1 重点句型：
What a delicious smell! Your pizza looks so nice.
Would you like to try some? Yes, please..
I’m afraid I don’t like cheese. It doesn’t smell fresh.
My chocolate cookies are done now. Have a try..
They taste really sweet and they feel soft in the middle.
Everything tastes so sweet ! It’s my lucky day!.
I have a sweet tooth! Shall I get the sugar？
Thank you for your last message./ Thanks for telling me about your hobbies.
It was great to hear from you, and I can’t wait to meet you.
I hope you will know me from my photo when I arrive at the airport..
I am quite tall, with short fair hair, and I wear glasses.
I will wear jeans and a T-shirt for the journey, but I ‘ll also carry my warm coat.
He is good at everything and I’m proud of him.
You sound like me! I spend a lot of time playing classical music with my friends at school.
How do you feel about coming to China? ---I can’t tell you how excited I am about going to China.
I feel nervous when I speak German, but I’ll be fine in a few days
I often feel a bit sad at first when I leave my parents for a few days.
I’m always sorry when I don’t know how to do things in the right way
I’m sure we’ll find each other. 20. I’m afraid flying.
Module2 重点句型：
What kind of competition? I’m entering a speaking/ writing competition.
I’ll help you improve your speaking. And maybe you’ll win a prize.
To win it , you need to write a short story about a place you’ve visited.
It doesn’t need to be true. You can make it up.
I ‘ve always wanted to go on a dream holiday. But I can’t afford it.
The first prize is only the book called Around the World in 80 days!
I have a sweet tooth! Shall I get the sugar？
Mike is a fifteen-year-old American boy
Cairo in Egypt is one of the biggest and busiest cities in Africa..
The company has offices in many countries, and it sent Peter to work in Germany, and France.
The Robinsons love seeing the world. They have been to many interesting places.
They have seen the Pyramids, travelled on a boat on the Nile River, and visted the palaces and towers of ancient kings and queens..
This language is different from English in many ways, and they find it hard to spell and pronounce the words .
So far they have learnt to speak German, French Chinese and Arabic.
The company has asked him to work back in the US , and he is happy about this..
They miss their friends in the US . They are counting down the days.