2018年中考英语复习专题十语态

课件26张PPT。十、语　态考点1 各种时态的被动语态构成
【中考体验】
①(2017·咸宁中考)—What do you think of the latest TV play The Name of People?
—It’s very popular. Millions of families ________ by it during that time.
A. attracted B. are attracted
C. were attracted D. were attracting【解析】选C。考查被动语态的用法。句意: ——你认为最近播出的电视剧《人民的名义》怎么样? ——它非常受欢迎。在那段时间, 数百万的家庭深深被这部电视剧所吸引。根据答语句意以及“during that time”可知, 要用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。②(2017·河北中考)Hangzhou ________ as the City of Silk. Tourists like shopping for silk there.
A. knows
B. is known
C. was known
D. will be known【解析】选B。考查被动语态的用法。结合句意可知, 应该用被动语态; 根据下句的语境可知为一般现在时态。故选B。③(2017·天津中考)Let’s wait and see whether books ________ by the Internet in the future.
A. replace
B. replaced
C. will be replaced
D. were replaced【解析】选C。考查动词被动语态的用法。句意: 咱们等着看看未来书是否会被互联网所取代。根据句中的in the future, 可知该题是一般将来时; 其次books与replace之间是被动关系。故选C。【知识归纳】
被动语态由“主语+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成, 助动词有时态、人称和数的变化。【易错警示】
(1)只有及物动词才有被动语态。不及物动词如rise, come, go, take place, happen等, 没有被动语态。
An accident happened yesterday afternoon.
昨天下午发生了一起事故。 (2)有些及物动词后加副词(有些可不加副词)可表被动意义。这样的动词有act, open, close, catch, sell, read, keep, draw, drive, write等。
The shop opens at six in the morning.
商店六点钟开门。(3)一些表示感知的系动词, 如look, feel, sound, taste, smell等常用主动形式表被动意义。
The skirt looks very beautiful.
这件裙子看起来很漂亮。
The song sounds nice. 这首歌曲很好听。考点2 主动语态变被动语态的方法
【中考体验】
①(2016·济南中考)The local government will cancel the project because it may be harmful to the environment. (改写句子, 句意不变)
The project will ____ ____ by the local government because it may be harmful to the environment. 【解析】be canceled。此句由主动语态变为被动语态, 由于句中有情态动词will所以后面用be +动词的过去分词, 故填be canceled。②(2016·天水中考)I often see him play football after school. (改为被动语态)
He is often ____ ____ play football after school.
【解析】seen to。see sb. do sth. “看见某人做某事”, 在变为被动语态时, 要加上to, 即变为“sb. is seen to do sth. ”。③(2016·新疆中考)My grandma cleans the room every day. (改为被动语态)
The room ____ ____ by my grandma every day.
【解析】is cleaned。该句为一般现在时态, 其被动语态为主语+am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词。【知识归纳】
第一步: 先确定主动句的主、谓、宾, 找出其中的谓语动词。
第二步: 把主动句中谓语动词后面的宾语变为被动句的主语, 若宾语是人称代词, 应把宾格变为主格。第三步: 把主动句中的谓语动词变为“be +及物动词的过去分词”, 但时态不能改变。
第四步: 把主动句中谓语动词前面的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语(没必要说出动作的执行者时可省略), 若主语是人称代词, 应把主格变为宾格。【巧学妙记】
谁做动作不知道, 或说谁做不必要;
言者强调承受者, 被动语态都最好。
宾语提前主语变, 时态人称be关键;
过去分词勿变错, 原主变宾by后见。
不定式若省略to, 请听观感使让助;
但有一点要记住, 被动语态补上to。【易错警示】
一些感官动词和使役动词, 如hear, watch, see, feel, notice, listen to, look at, let, make, have等后面的宾语补足语是动词不定式时, 主动语态中要省去to, 但在变为被动语态时, 不定式符号to要补出。例如:
She is often heard to sing. 经常有人听到她唱歌。【巧学妙记】
感使动词的主动与被动口诀
感使动词好奇怪, to来to去费神猜。
主动句里to拿走, 被动句中to回来。