2018年中考英语复习专题：题型一完形填空课件

课件33张PPT。题型一　
完形填空 【命题特点】
1. 首句完整, 线索清楚
第一句话就交代了人物的姓名、身份或事件发生的时间、地点, 然后再介绍事件的发生、发展, 最后得出结果或表达自己的观点。(或采用倒叙的方式)2. 叙述灵活, 侧重语境
文章以叙述为主, 绝大部分篇章是作者在描述事件, 较少加入作者的观点或评论, 突出对语境的依赖性。3. 实词为主, 虚词为辅
设题依赖于上下文语境, 选项一般集中在对动词、名词、形容词或副词等实词的考查上, 对介词、连词、冠词等虚词的考查相对较少。4. 体裁固定, 题材多样
以记叙文或夹叙夹议文为主, 选材注重原汁原味, 体现新课标“关注学生情感, 提高人文素质”的理念。【命题趋势】
1. 越来越降低了对单词本身词义及语法的考查。
2. 注重对上下文联系的考查, 突出考查综合运用英语的能力。
3. 注重考查学生对英语语言知识的灵活运用。
4. 注重考查学生的阅读理解能力、词汇运用能力、逻辑分析能力和推理判断能力。5. 考查重点会向语言交际化、情景生活化、词汇运用灵活化的方向发展。
【解题思路】
1. 通读全文, 掌握大意
通读全文是做完形填空题必不可少的工作。在快速阅读的过程中, 不要急于看选项, 而要一口气读到底, 以求纵观全文, 获得对文章内容的整体了解, 从而确定作者的写作意图并判断自己的基本思路。尤其要认真阅读全文的第一句, 因为第一句往往都是不留空白的完整句子, 通过认真分析首句, 可发现首句多向读者交待事件发生的时间、地点、背景、人物、起因等, 使读者在下面的阅读中有一个清晰的语境。
2. 精读试填
依据文章的主干, 运用所学的语法、词汇知识, 根据上下文的联系, 加之初读的印象和正确的英语语感, 运用前面的解题方法, 将答案初步确定。精读试填时要记住十二字方针“上下求索, 左右逢源, 瞻前顾后。”3. 选填答案
在选填答案时, 先确定选填顺序。一般选择最容易填的
作为突破口, 不一定按原序号选填。其次要确定解题重
点。一般情况下先考虑语意。①若四个选项意思明显
不同, 选择语意与上下文吻合的选项即可。②若四个选
项有语意明显不合文意的, 可先排除, 其余的语意接近,
且合文意, 则重点通过辨异来确定答案。③若四个选项只有一项能与空白处前后构成习语。则解题重点为“习语”, 只要答案符合文意不用考虑其他选项。其次考虑语法结构, 若四个选项语意均合文意, 解题重点为结构, 可选择结构正确项。最后考虑逻辑关系和常识经验等因素。
4. 查错补漏
所有的题目做完以后, 有必要认真细致地检查一遍。检查的方法通常是把答案放入文中阅读, 看它们是否符合文意, 语意、结构、逻辑等是否正确, 以验证选项, 查错补漏。不会或把握性不大的题目可以先跳过去, 但最好是先凭直觉猜测一个答案并作好记号, 以便在时间充裕的情况下回过头来再作推敲。【典例剖析】
技巧1　利用上下文语境推断句意来解题
　　在试题中, 如果脱离上下文语境, 每个选项放在空格处, 在语法、词性、意义上可能都是正确的, 但是在上下文具体语境下, 正确的答案是唯一的。【典例】
(2017·巴中中考)
　　Last year, I did not like my English class. Every
class was like a bad 51. dream. The teacher 52. spoke so
quickly that I didn’t understand her most of the time.
I was afraid 53. to ask questions because of my　54　
pronunciation. I just hid behind my textbook and neversaid 55. anything. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
54. poor B. good C. nice
【点拨】考查形容词辨析和语境理解。poor差的; good好的; nice好的。句意: 我害怕问问题因为我__________发音。由上文I didn’t understand her most of the time可知我大部分时候不明白老师的话, 以及下文I just hid behind my textbook and never said anything. 我只是把自己藏在教科书后从不说什么。可推知本句句意: 我害怕问问题是因为我的发音差。故选A。技巧2　利用词汇复现关系解题
　　空格处正确的选项, 会再次在短文中出现, 可以结合上下文意及联系确定选项。词汇复现包括词汇前复现、词汇后复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。复现的位置也各不相同, 有的紧接着出现, 有的相隔几句甚至是几段复现。【典例】
(2017·河北中考)
　　One thorn(刺)of experience is worth many times of warning. 　　Ralph Wick was seven years old. In most things he was a fine boy, but he would cry from time to time. When he could not have what he wanted, he would　36　for it. If he was told that it would hurt him, and he could not 37. have it, he would also cry. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
36. A. run B. cry C. plan D. call【点拨】考查上下文的语境与动词词义辨析。run跑; cry哭; plan计划; call叫。根据上文句子In most things he was a fine boy, but he would cry from time to time. 可知“在大多数事情上他是一个好孩子, 但是, 他偶尔哭泣。”结合本句中的关键词cry可推知下文会继续复现这个词。所以, 本句句意为: 当他不能得到想要的东西时, 他会哭着要。故选B。技巧3　利用固定搭配、固定句式及习惯表达解题
　　英语中的词汇、短语的搭配是比较固定约定俗成的, 一些句型的用法也是固定的。因此, 只要能熟记这些用法, 就会轻松解答试题。【典例】
(2017·随州中考)
　　Mulin is a small boy from Hubei. He is a(n)
41.unlucky boy. His parents divorced(离婚)when he
was two years old. He lived with his 42. father and
grandmother　43　the age of 5, his father died of
heart disease. He had to live with his grandmother. Unfortunately, there was 44. something wrong with his grandmother’s head. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
43. A. At B. In C. For D. To
【点拨】考查固定搭配。句意: 在他5岁的时候, 他爸爸死于心脏病。at the age of为固定搭配, 意为“在……岁时”。故选A。技巧4　利用生活常识(经验)解题
　　生活常识, 如天气状况、交通规则、人物的喜怒哀乐、时间、地点等也常作为命题的角度, 熟知这些内容就会让我们轻松解答这类试题。【典例】
(2017·益阳中考)
　　Smiling is the best way of making friends. When I was thirteen　31　old, my father found a job in the city. So my family moved there. I also came to a(an)
32. new school near where we live. My old school was far away. At first, I did not know anyone in my class.
31. A. weeks B. months C. years【点拨】考查名词词义辨析和生活常识。week周; month月; year年。句意: 当我13__________时, 我爸爸在城市里找了一份工作。根据下文句子I also came to a(an)32. new school near where we live. 可知作者也来到了新学校。根据常识, thirteen months和weeks还根本不能上学, 只有13 years才能上学。故选C。技巧5　利用逻辑推理关系来解题
　　完形填空的短文行文流畅, 逻辑关系密切、紧凑。对上下句或上下文之间的并列、转折、递进、让步关系的考查, 也成为命题的一大角度。【典例】
(2017·攀枝花中考)
　　We played together so well that I was very interested in 42. how she or he looked. Each time I thought about 43. our playing together, I would move my lip, completely unnoticeably. 　　However, I couldn’t understand why the violinist
next door never responded(回应)when I knocked on
the door. I was terribly disappointed.
　　A year later, I took part in a violin competition.
44. At the event, I made a new friend, 45. her name was
Rita. “Let’s welcome contestant number 10, Rita. ”the
master of the ceremony announced. 　　This girl, who was my age, was deaf and dumb, 　46　she had played the violin for eight years!
46. A. but B. though C. so D. and【点拨】考查连词辨析和逻辑推理。but但是; though尽管; so因此; and并且。由上句This girl, who was my age, was deaf and dumb可知这个女孩和我同样的年龄是聋哑人; 以及下句she had played the violin for eight years可知她拉小提琴已经八年了。前后句意构成“转折”关系, 所以用but来连接。故选A。