Module 2 The Renaissance Section Ⅰ Introduction & Reading-Pre-reading
She is widely seen as proof that good looks can lastfor ever. But, at nearly 500 years of age, time iscatching up withthe Mona Lisa.
The health of the famous picture, painted by Leonardo Da Vinci in 1505, is getting worse by the year, according to the Louvre Museum where it is housed.
“The thin, wooden panel on which the Mona Lisa is painted in oil has changed shape” the museum said. Visitors have noticed changes but repairing the world's most famous painting is not easy. Experts are not sure about the materials the ltalian artist used and their current chemical state.
Nearly 6 million people go to see the Mona Lisa every year, many attracted by the mysteryof her smile.“It is very interesting that when you're not looking at her, she seems to be smiling, and then you look at her and she stops，” said Professor Margaret Livingstone of Harvard University. “It's because direct vision (视觉) is excellent atpicking up detail, but less suited tolooking at shadows. Da Vinci painted the smilein shadows.”
In 1911, the painting was stolen from the Louvre. During World War ll, France hid the painting in small towns to keep it out ofthe hands of German forces.
Section_ⅠIntroduction & Reading — Pre-reading
[原文呈现]
The Renaissance①
For many people, the Renaissance means 14th to 16th century Italy, and the developments in art and architecture, music and literature which took place there at that time②. But there is one work which, perhaps more than any other, expresses the spirit of the Renaissance③： the Mona Lisa. It is believed to be the best example of④ a new lifelike⑤ style of painting that amazed⑥ people when it was first used⑦. Painted by Leonardo da Vinci in the years 1503－1506⑧， the Mona Lisa is a mysterious⑨ masterpiece⑩. People want to know who Mona Lisa is, and why she is smiling?. Even if people do not know much about the Renaissance?， they have heard of this painting.
[读文清障]
①renaissance/rI'neIs?ns/n.(文艺的)复兴
②which 引导定语从句，修饰developments。
③which引导定语从句，修饰one work。
④It is believed to be ...“它被认为是……”，此处的it指代the Mona Lisa。 ⑤lifelike adj.栩栩如生的，逼真的
⑥amaze v．使大为惊奇，使惊愕
⑦that引导定语从句，修饰painting；该从句中含有一个when引导的时间状语从句。
⑧过去分词短语作状语。 ⑨mysterious adj.神秘的
⑩masterpiece n．杰作，名作，佳作，代表作(＝masterwork)
?and连接两个宾语从句。
?Even if 引导让步状语从句。
文艺复兴
[第1段译文]
对于很多人来说，文艺复兴指的是14～16世纪时期的意大利，及其当时出现在艺术、建筑、音乐以及文学领域方面的发展。但有一件作品可能比其他的任何作品都更能表达文艺复兴的精神——《蒙娜·丽莎》。它被认为是一种新的形象逼真型绘画风格的最好代表，这种绘画风格首次被使用就使人们惊叹不已。《蒙娜·丽莎》由莱奥纳多·达·芬奇于1503到1506年间绘制而成，是一件神秘的杰作。人们想知道蒙娜·丽莎是谁，她又为什么在笑。即便是对文艺复兴了解不多的人，他们也都听说过这幅作品。
But the Renaissance is, of course, more than? just Mona Lisa. Renaissance is a French word which means “rebirth”? and it first appeared in English in the 19th century. The word was used to? describe a period in European history which began with the arrival of the first Europeans in America?， an age of exploration, and the beginning of the modern world. It was as if Europe was waking up? after the long sleep of the Middle Ages?. From Italy, the ideas of the Renaissance rapidly spread? northwards? to France, Germany, England, and the rest of Europe.
Trade with other parts of the world meant that Europe was getting richer, too. This meant that people had money to spend on the arts； and it became easier for artists to find people who could afford to buy their works or employ them. Leonardo worked for important people such as the Duke of Milan, and, towards the end of his life, the King of France.,?more than不仅仅；很，非常，十分
no more than不过，仅仅 not more than至多，不超过
?which 引导定语从句，修饰先行词a French word。
?be used to do sth.被用来做某事
be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事
?which 引导定语从句，修饰a period。
?wake up醒来，觉醒，唤醒，弄醒
?as if引导表语从句。
?spread v．伸展，蔓延，扩散
?northwards adv.向北 southwards adv.向南
eastwards adv.向东 westwards adv.向西
mean v．意思是，意味着
动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰money。
afford to do承担得起去做……；抽得出时间去做……
it为形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语；who引导定语从句，修饰people。
towards prep.接近，靠近
[第2～3段译文],但是，文艺复兴当然不仅仅只是《蒙娜·丽莎》。“Renaissance”是一个法语单词，意为“再生”，于19世纪首次出现在英语中。这个词被用来描绘随着首批欧洲人抵达美洲而开始的那段欧洲历史，这是一段探险的历史，也是现代世界史的开端。仿佛欧洲在经历了中世纪的长眠之后，就要苏醒过来了。从意大利开始，文艺复兴的观念很快向北传遍了法国、德国、英国以及欧洲其他地方。
与世界其他地方的贸易意味着欧洲也正在变得更加富裕。也就是意味着人们有钱来花费在艺术上，对于艺术家来说想要找到人来购买他们的作品或者雇佣他们也就变得更加容易。莱奥纳多为一些重要的人物工作过，比如米兰的公爵，接近晚年时他曾经为法国国王工作过。
Renaissance artists found new ideas for their work in classical Greece and Rome. But they looked forward， too, by opening new frontiers in the arts. Painters discovered how to use perspective and the effects of light; composers put different voices together and created polyphony (“many voices”); architects preferred designing buildings with more light which contrasted with the heaviness of the Gothic cathedrals of the Middle Ages.
The sense of exploration which motivated the artists went hand in hand with a new type of philosophy. After centuries of accepting a medieval world viewin which human life was considered of little valuecompared with the greatness of God， philosophers began asking questions like “What is a person？” or “Why am I here？” For the first time, they put people, not religion, at the centre of the universe.
classical adj.古典的，古典艺术的
classic古典的，传统的；典型的，经典的
look forward展望未来
look forward to期待，盼望(to为介词)
frontier/?fr?n'tI?/n.新领域
perspective/p?'spektIv/n.透视(画)法；透视效果；透视感
polyphony/p?'lIf?ni/n.复调音乐(作品)
prefer v．宁愿(选择)，更喜欢(后可接动名词或不定式)
contrast v．&n.比较，对照
contrast (sth.) with sth.与……对比
cathedral/k?'θi?dr?l/n.大教堂
motivate/'m??tI?veIt/v.激发，激励
which引导定语从句，修饰the sense of exploration。
hand in hand 手拉手，密切关联
in which引导定语从句，修饰view。
of value＝valuable
过去分词短语作状语。
[第4～5段译文]
文艺复兴的艺术家从古希腊以及古罗马文献中为他们的作品寻找新点子。而他们也通过开辟新的艺术领域来展望未来。画家们发现了怎样利用透视和光的作用；作曲家们将不同的声音合到一起创造了复调音乐；相比较于中世纪哥特式教堂的沉重来说，建筑师们则更喜欢设计更加光亮的建筑。
这种激励艺术家的探索意识与一种新的哲学携手共进。几个世纪以来，哲学家们都持有中世纪的世界观，认为与上帝的伟大相比人的生命很渺小。现在他们开始提出诸如“人为何物？”以及“我为何存在？”这样的问题。有史以来第一次，他们将人而不是宗教放在了宇宙的中心。
The Renaissance was a time of scientific invention, too. Leonardo, as well as being one of the greatest painters the world has ever known， was also a skilled inventor. Wherever he went， he carried a notebook around with him, in which he wrote down his ideas. They included detailed drawings of the human body, plans for engineers to build canals and bridges，and astonishing drawings of machines which were not to be built until hundreds of years later, such as aeroplanes, parachutes， submarines and tanks. Towards the end of his life he was employed by the King of France to do scientific research, and he did not have a lot of time for painting.
In short， Leonardo was an extraordinary genius, an example of what has been described as “Renaissance man”： someone interested in everything and with many different talents. But even if his only contribution to history had been the Mona Lisa， it would have been genius enough for all time.
as well as (＝in addition to)以及
此处为省略关系代词的定语从句，修饰the greatest painters。
skilled/skIld/adj.有技巧的，熟练的
be skilled at/in在……方面有技巧
wherever引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter where。
in which引导定语从句，修饰notebook。
which引导定语从句，修饰machines。
not ...until ...直到……才……
parachute/'p?r???u?t/n.降落伞
submarine/'s?bm?ri?n/n.潜艇
tank/t??k/n.坦克 in short总之，简言之
extraordinary adj.非凡的，出色的，异乎寻常的，令人惊奇的
describe ... as ...把……描绘成……
what引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语。
过去分词短语和介词短语都作someone的定语。
even if“即使”，引导让步状语从句。
[第6～7段译文]
文艺复兴也是一个科学发明层出不穷的时代。作为举世公认的最伟大的画家之一，莱奥纳多同时也是一个熟练的发明家。不管走到哪里他都随身携带一个笔记本，以便?随时?记录下自己的想法。这些包括人体的细致素描、供工程师建造运河以及桥梁的设计以及一些令人震惊的成百上千年后才被造出来的机器制图，如飞机、降落伞、潜水艇以及坦克。在生命晚年，他受法国国王委托去做一些科学研究，所以很少有时间从事绘画创作。
简言之，莱奥纳多是一个非凡的天才，一个被描绘成“文艺复兴人物”的典范：一个对凡事皆有兴趣并有诸多才能的人。但即使他对历史的贡献仅仅是一幅《蒙娜·丽莎》，这也已经足够成为恒久的天才作品。
Pre-reading
Please match the words with their proper meanings.
1．subject A．breaking the calm of sth./sb.; causing worry
2．dull B．not bright or clear; lacking interest
3．disturbing C．darkness or coolness caused by sth.; blocking direct light or heat
4．basically D．to be in the reason for; to make sb.want to do sth.
5．shade E．having enough ability; skillful
6．effect F．a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon
7．motivate G．a branch of knowledge
8．skilled H．at bottom or by one's (or its) very nature
1～5 ________________ 6～8 ________________
答案：1～5 GBAHC 6～8 FDE
Lead-in
Do you like painting? Can you name some famous painters at home and abroad?
Look at the following pictures and find out who paint them.
1．Xu_Beihong 2.Van_Gogh
While-reading
Fast-reading
(Ⅰ)What's the general idea of the passage?
The_meaning_of_Renaissance,_the_representative_figures_and_their_works.
(Ⅱ)Skim the text and match each paragraph with their main ideas.
Para.1 A．Leonardo was an extraordinary genius.
Para.2 B．It was also a time of scientific invention and Leonardo was a skilled inventor of that period.
Para.3 C．Philosophers began to change their attitudes to God.
Para.4 D．Renaissance artists opened new frontiers in the arts.
Para.5 E．International trade is one of the motivations that made the Renaissance possible.
Para.6 F．How did the Renaissance get its name?
Para.7 G．The Mona Lisa is believed to be a masterpiece of the Renaissance.
答案：Para.1～Para.7 GFEDCBA
Careful-reading
(Ⅰ)Read the passage again and answer the questions.
1．Why was the Renaissance given this name?
Because_it_has_the_concept_of_“rebirth”．
2．When and where did the Renaissance begin?
It_began_in_Italy_from_the_14th_to_the_16th_century.
3．How many years did Leonardo da Vinci spend painting the Mona Lisa?
3_years.
4．How was philosophy at that time different from that before?
Philosophers_put_people_at_the_center_of_the_universe.
(Ⅱ)Complete the following form according to the passage.
The meaning
of the
Renaissance
Para.1
The Renaissance refers to 14th to 16th century 1.Italy and the development of art, architecture, music and literature there. The famous painting, the Mona Lisa, is a good example of the Renaissance 2.spirit.
Para.2
Renaissance means 3.“rebirth” in French, and it was used to show that the Europeans had 4.woken_up after their long sleep in the long Middle Ages.
The backgro-und of the Renaissance
Para.3
International trade made the Europeans richer, so they had extra money to 5.spend on the arts.
Achievements of the Renaissance
Para.4
Renaissance artists found new ideas for their work in classical 6.Greece_and_Rome.
Para.5
The sense of 7.exploration motivated the artists with a new type of philosophy and they put 8.people at the center of the universe.
Para.6
The Renaissance was a time of 9.scientific_invention. Da Vinci was one of the skilled inventors at that time.
Para.7
Da Vinci, who was interested in everything and had many different talents, was a good example of “10.Renaissance_man”.
Study-reading
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the passage.
1．It is believed to be the best example of a new lifelike-style of painting that amazed people when it was first used.
[句式分析]
It is believed to_be_the_best_example_... of painting
主语 不定式作补语
that_amazed_peoplewhen_it_was_first_used.
定语从句 时间状语从句
[尝试翻译] 它被认为是一种新的形象逼真型绘画风格的最好代表，这种绘画风格首次被使用就使人们惊叹不已。
2．They included detailed drawings of the human body, plans for engineers to build canals and bridges, and astonishing drawings of machines which were not to be built hundreds of years later, such as aeroplanes, parachutes, submarines and tanks.
[句式分析] 本句是一个复合句； 主句中They是主语，astonishing前面的and连接三个并列的宾语；which 引导定语从句，修饰先行词machines。
[尝试翻译] 这些包括人体的细致素描、供工程师建造运河以及桥梁的设计以及一些令人震惊的成百上千年后才被造出来的机器制图，如飞机、降落伞、潜水艇以及坦克。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Michelangelo Buonarroti was born in Caprese, Italy on March 6,1475.He was still young when his family moved to Florence where
Michelangelo grew up. His mother died when he was only six years old. Growing up in Florence during the Italian Renaissance was the perfect stage of young Michelangelo's life. Even as a child all he wanted to do was painting and to be an artist.
At the age of thirteen, he went to learn from Domenico Ghirlandaio, who was not only a painter but also an artist. Michelangelo's talents became apparent as he worked for Domenico. Within a year or so Domenico sent him to the powerful Medici family to continue his training under the sculptor (雕刻家) Bertoldo di Geovanni. Michelangelo was able to work with some of the finest artists and philosophers of the time. During the next few years, Michelangelo produced many famous sculptures including MadonnaoftheSteps, BattleoftheCentaurs and Bacchus.
In 1496 Michelangelo moved to Rome. A year later he was asked to make a sculpture called ThePieta. It would become one of the masterpieces of Renaissance art. Today this sculpture sits in St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican. It is the only piece of art that Michelangelo signed.
Michelangelo's fame (名声) as a great artist began to grow. He returned to Florence and was asked to create a large statue of David. It took him a couple of years to finish the giant statue. The piece of marble (大理石) he began with was very tall and thin. Many people didn't think he could do much with it. He worked without letting anyone see it until it was finished. David became Michelangelo's most famous work of art. It is thirteen feet tall and is the largest statue made since Ancient Rome. It is considered by many experts in art to be a nearly perfect sculpture. Today the statue sits at the Academy of Fine Arts in Florence, Italy.
语篇解读：米开朗基罗是意大利文艺复兴时期著名的艺术家，本文向我们介绍了一些他的生平事迹。
1.What can we learn about Michelangelo as a young child?
A．He lived a very hard life.
B．He showed great interest in art.
C．He wanted to go to Florence very much.
D．He didn't have much time to learn painting.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第一段的“Even as a child all he wanted to do was painting and to be an artist”可推断，米开朗基罗小时候就对艺术很感兴趣。
2．Michelangelo was sent to work under the sculptor Bertoldo di Geovanni most probably because________.
A．Michelangelo had lost his interest in painting
B．Domenico didn't think Michelangelo had a gift for
painting
C．Bertoldo di Geovanni offered to show Michelangelo
sculptures
D．Domenico wanted Michelangelo to make better use of his gift there
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第二段的“Michelangelo's talents became apparent as he worked ... the sculptor (雕刻家) Bertoldo di Geovanni.”可推断，Domenico 是为了米开朗基罗能更好地利用自己的天赋才把他送到Bertoldo di Geovanni 那里去工作的。
3．What sculpture by Michelangelo will you see in St.Peter's Basilica?
A．Bacchus.
B．ThePieta.
C．MadonnaoftheSteps.
D．BattleoftheCentaurs.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第三段的“A year later he was asked to make a sculpture called ThePieta. It would become one of the masterpieces of Renaissance art. Today this sculpture sits in St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican.”可知，应选B。
4．When Michelangelo began his work on creating a large statue of David, many people________.
A．couldn't wait to make fun of his work
B．thought he would finish it within months
C．knew it would be his most famous work of art
D．didn't think he would make good use of it
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第四段的“Many people didn't think he could do much with it.”可知，一开始很多人认为那块大理石不适合雕刻那个作品。
B
Leonardo da Vinci, the son of a local lawyer, was born on 15 April 1452 near the Tuscan town of Vinci. He was apprenticed (做学徒) to the sculptor and painter Andrea del Verrocchio in Florence and in 1478 became an independent master. In about 1483, he moved to Milan to work for the ruling (统治的) Sforza family as an engineer, sculptor, painter and architect.
Leonardo was in Milan until the city was invaded by the French in 1499 and the Sforza family was forced to flee. He may have visited Venice before returning to Florence. During his time in Florence, he painted several portraits, but the only one that survives is the famous portrait — theMonaLisa (1503～1506).
In 1506, Leonardo returned to Milan, staying there until 1513.This was followed by three years living in Rome. In 1517, at the invitation of the French King Francis Ⅰ， Leonardo moved to the Chateau of Cloux, near Amboise in France, where he died on 2 May, 1519.
The fame of Leonardo's surviving paintings means that he has been regarded primarily as an artist, but the thousands of surviving pages of his notebooks show the most brilliant mind. He wrote and drew on subjects including geology, anatomy (解剖学), which he studied in order to paint the human form more exactly. He “invented” the bicycle, airplane, helicopter, and parachute some 500 years ahead of their time.
If all these works had been published in an understandable form, Leonardo's place as a pioneering scientist would have been beyond debate. Yet his true genius was not as a scientist or an artist, but as a combination of the two: an artist-engineer. His painting was scientific, based on a deep understanding of the workings of the human body and the physics of light and shade. His science was expressed through art, and his drawings and diagrams showed what he meant, and how he understood the world worked.
5．Leonardo's career reached its peak probably during his stay in ________.
A．Milan B．Venice
C．Florence D．Rome
解析：选C 推理判断题。从文章第二段最后一句可知，达·芬奇在Florence期间创作了很多绘画，其中留下来的只有《蒙娜·丽莎》，由此推断，这个时期是他事业的巅峰。
6．Why did Leonardo study anatomy?
A．He wanted to be a doctor.
B．He had strong interest in it.
C．He wanted to invent other objects.
D．He wanted to paint the human form exactly.
解析：选D 细节理解题。从文章倒数第二段可知，达·芬奇研究解剖学的目的是为了更加精确地描绘人体。
7．What does the last paragraph intend to tell us?
A．Leonardo had a special way of painting.
B．Leonardo was both an artist and a scientist.
C．Leonardo was an artist instead of a scientist.
D．Leonardo was more of a scientist than an artist.
解析：选B 段落大意题。综合文章最后一段，本段主要强调达·芬奇是画家和科学家的融合，既是画家也是科学家。
C
Are people less happy or more happy the older they get? If you answered more happy, then you were right, based on a study pu
blished two years ago. It found that people generally become happier and experience less worry after the age of fifty. In fact, it found that by the age of eighty-five, people are happier with their life than they were at eighteen.
The findings came from a Gallup survey of more than three hundred forty thousand adults in the United States in 2011. At that time, the people were between the ages of eighteen and eighty-five.
Arthur Stone in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science at Stony Brook University in New York led the study. His team found that levels of stress were highest among adults between the ages of twenty-two and twenty-five. Stress levels dropped sharply after people reached their fifties.
Happiness was highest among the youngest adults and those in their early seventies. But the people least likely to report feeling negative emotions were those in their seventies and eighties.
The survey also found that men and women have similar emotional patterns as they grow older. However, women at all ages reported more sadness, stress and worry than men did.
The researchers also considered possible influences like having young children, being unemployed or being single. But they found that influences like these did not affect the levels of happiness and well-being related to age.
So why would happiness increase with age? One theory is that, as people get older, they become more thankful for what they have and have better control of their emotions. They also spend less time thinking about bad experiences.
The findings appeared in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
8．How does this passage introduce the topic?
A．By giving examples.
B．By offering the concept of happiness.
C．By making a survey.
D．By asking and answering a question.
解析：选D 写作手法题。由第一段可知本文通过提出问题并回答问题的形式引出话题。
9．Which of the following is TRUE about the study led by Arthur Stone?
A．Levels of stress increase as one gets older.
B．People feel happiest when they are fifties.
C．People become happier as they get older.
D．Most of the people in their seventies and eighties feel happy.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第四段的最后一句“But the people least likely to report feeling negative emotions were those in their seventies and eighties.”可知这项研究表明，七八十岁的老人大多很快乐。
10．What is the possible reason why happiness would increase with age?
A．People will do less work.
B．People become more grateful and control their emotions better.
C．Their children have all grown up.
D．People won't be afraid of losing jobs.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句“One theory is that, as people get older, they become more thankful for what they have and have better control of their emotions.”可知随着年龄的增长，幸福感在增强。这是因为人们变老会对所拥有的更懂得感激，并能更好地控制个人情绪。
11．The author's attitude towards study is ________.
A．negative B．objective
C．pessimistic D．optimistic
解析：选B 观点态度题。作者在本文中主要是客观地介绍了一项研究结果。objective“客观的”。negative“否定的”；pessimistic“悲观的”；optimistic“乐观的”。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
4 Hidden But Powerful Qualities of Successful Students
It is essential to be a lifelong learner in order to move ahead in life. __1__ However, if people continue some of the good habits right from the student life, mastering any skills and getting ahead will become much easier. Here are four habits that good students have.
They are curious. Ask any successful person in this world and they will tell you that the first way they started any worthwhile project was by getting curious. This is the most understated (朴素的) yet essential quality for getting ahead in life. __2__ Therefore, start with being curious about subjects and absorbing information as it is presented to you.
They observe. When you are curious about any work, observe how it is being done. __3__ Observe how successful decisions are made. After observing, you have to apply those lessons to yourself and get feedback. If you are a student, observe how the successful students in your class do, and how their habits are different from your own. Once you have observed these differences, you should know exactly where to start.
__4__ Learning a new language, studying a new subject, or learning about a career all takes discipline. You can only master something with continuous effort. Some good students stick to a schedule, like setting aside a specific number of hours per day to study.
They take action. __5__ You can only read so many books about swimming until you simply have to jump in the pool. When you take action, you learn a lot more than you learn by just reading or listening. Even if you act without thinking, you learn a lot about the subject compared to everyone else who just reads.
A．They ask questions.
B．They control their own behavior.
C．Curiosity leads to discovery and new ideas.
D．The most effective way to learn is by doing.
E．Watch how mistakes are made, and corrected.
F．But there will be times when you don't feel like doing anything.
G．Unfortunately, we stop formal learning after we complete school or college.
答案：1～5 GCEBD
课件32张PPT。Module 2 The Renaissance Section Ⅱ Introduction & Reading-Language Points
一、这样记单词
记得准·写得对
记得快·记得多
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1.dulladj. 枯燥的；沉闷的
2.workn. 作品
3.shaden. (图画等中的)阴影；阴暗部分
4.frontiern. 新领域
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1.disturbingadj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的→disturbed adj.被打扰的；不安的；心理失常的→disturb v．打扰；扰乱；打乱(计划等)；激荡(水面)
2.subjectn．(绘画，摄影等的)主题；学科→subjective adj.主观的；想象的→objective adj.客观的；真实的
3.basicallyadv.基本上；本质上；大致说来→basic adj.&n．基本的；基本，要素→base n．基础
4.effectn．效果；作用→affect v．影响；感动；感染→effective adj.有效的；实际的
5.motivatev．激发；激励→motivation n．动机；刺激；推动
6.skilledadj.有技巧的，熟练的→skill n．技能；技巧→skillful adj.灵巧的
1.dull adj.枯燥的；沉闷的
[联想] ①bored adj. 厌烦的
②boring adj. 令人厌烦的
2.work n．作品
[比较] work作“著作，作品”解时，多用复数形式works；
work表示“工厂”，只用复数形式，但可表示单数意义。
3.shadow n．阴影；阴暗部分
[联想] shade n. 阴凉处
4.effect n．效果；作用
[串记] It is obvious that the policy of raising the prices of agricultural products is not effective, because it has a bad effecton the development of economy in the long run.
5.disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的
[串记] They were all disturbed at the disturbing news; that is, the news disturbed all of them.
6.motivate v．激发；激励
[串记] It is generally accepted that people are motivated by success. The stronger the motivation, the more quickly a person will learn a foreign language.
二、这样记短语
记牢固定短语
多积常用词块
1.more than 不仅仅
2．begin with 以……开始
3．as if 好像
4．wake up 唤醒，醒来
5．look forward 展望未来
6．contrast with 与……形成对照
7．hand in hand 手拉手；密切关联
8．compared with 与……比较起来
9．for the first time 第一次
10．in short 总之，简而言之
11．for all time 永远
1.at that time 那时
2．with the arrival of the first Europeans
随着第一批欧洲人的到来
3．an age of exploration 一个探索的时代
4．open new frontiers 打开新领域
5．a time of scientific invention 科学发明的时代
6．carry a notebook with him 随身携带笔记本
7．do scientific research 进行科学研究
8．an extraordinary genius 非凡的天才
9．the beginning of the modern world
现代世界史的开端
三、这样记句式
先背熟
再悟通
后仿用
1.It is believed to be the best example of a new lifelike style of painting ...
它被认为是一种新的形象逼真型绘画风格的最好代表……
主句属于“Sth./Sb. is believed to do/be ...”句型，该句型常改写成“It is believed that ...”或“People believe that ...”。
That girl is_believed_to_be the most beautiful in our school.
那个女孩是我们学校公认的校花。
2.It was as if Europe was waking up after the long sleep of the Middle Ages.
仿佛欧洲在经历了中世纪的长眠之后，就要苏醒过来了。
as if “仿佛，好像”，在句中引导表语从句。
It looks as_if_they're_looking_for_something.
他们看起来好像在找什么东西。
3.Painters discovered how touse perspective and the effects of light ...
画家们发现了怎样利用透视和光的作用……
“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构在句中作discover的宾语。
I am thinking about how_to_deal_with_the_problem.
我正在考虑怎样处理这个问题。
4.After centuries of accepting a medieval world view in which human life was consideredof little value compared with the greatness of God ...
几个世纪以来，哲学家们都持有中世纪的世界观，认为与上帝的伟大相比人的生命很渺小……
“of＋抽象名词”结构常用来描述人或事物的特征，在句中作表语、后置定语或宾语补足语。
The advice is of_great_value for us to learn English.
这个建议对我们学习英语很有价值。
1．(教材P15)I find it mysterious, and perhaps even a little disturbing ...
我发觉它很神秘，或许甚至有一点让人不安……
?disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的
disturb v． 打扰，扰乱
disturbed adj. 被打扰的，担心的
disturbingly adv. 令人不安地
disturbance n. 扰乱，打扰；骚乱；心神不定
①He told us to keep quiet for fear that we might disturb others.
他让我们保持安静，以免打扰别人。
②A loud and disturbing (disturb) noise came from upstairs.
楼上传来了响亮且使人烦躁的噪音。
③She was disturbed (disturb) to hear you had been injured in the accident.
听到你在事故中受了伤她感到不安。
[辨析比较] disturb, interrupt
disturb
“打扰，妨碍；扰乱”，常指失去了正常的状态或导致困难产生
interrupt
“中断，打断”，常指中断别人正在做的事情
选用上述单词填空
④It is not polite to interrupt when someone is talking.
⑤I'm sorry to disturb you so late, but my car's broken down.
2．(教材P15)Theeffect of the light, the combination of light and shade, is astonishing.
光线效果以及光线阴影结合效果令人吃惊。
?effect n．效果；作用
(1)have an effect on/upon 对……产生影响
cause and effect 因果
bring/put sth. into effect 实施计划，落实想法，
使……生效
come into effect/take effect 开始生效/起作用
in effect 实际上，事实上
be of no effect 无效，无用
side effect 副作用
(2)effective adj. 有效的，起作用的
①Every word from the parents will have an effect on the child.
家长说的每句话都将对孩子产生影响。
②The new timetable will come into effect tomorrow.
新的时刻表明天生效。
③In the short term, the medicine may not be very effective (effect)．
从眼前来看，这药疗效可能不是很大。
[辨析比较] effect, affect, influence
effect
作“结果，效果，影响”讲时，是名词
affect
动词，指产生的影响之大足以引起反应，着重“影响”的动作，有时含有“对……产生不利影响”的意思
influence
既可作动词又可作名词，指通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生不易觉察到的、潜移默化的影响
选用上述单词填空
④Realization of the “One belt and Road” will have a great effect on the life of the people in China.
⑤Influenced by a high school biology teacher, he took up the study of medicine.
⑥Smoking can affect our health.
3．(教材P16)But there is one work which, perhaps more than any other, expresses the spirit of the Renaissance ...
但有一件作品可能比其他的任何作品都更能表达文艺复兴的精神……
?more than……以上，多于……；不仅仅，不止；非常，十分；难以，超过……所能
写出下列句中more than的含义
①I assure you I am more than glad to help you.非常，十分
②Modern science is more than a large amount of information.不仅仅，不止
③I have been active in politics for more than twenty years.……以上，多于……
④The beauty of the mountain is more than I can describe.难以，超过……所能
more ... than ... 与其说……倒不如说……
less than 少于
⑤He is more lucky than clever.
与其说他聪明不如说他幸运。
⑥I have been in this city for less_than a year.
我在这个城市住了不到一年。
[名师点津] more than one ＋n.在意义上为复数，作主语时谓语动词为单数。
⑦More than one house was (be) burnt down in the fire.
多间房屋在大火中被焚毁。
4．(教材P17)The sense of exploration which motivated the artists went hand in hand with a new type of philosophy.
这种激励艺术家的探索意识与一种新的哲学携手共进。
?motivate v．激发，激励
(1)motivate sb. to do sth.激励某人做某事；促使某人做某事
(2)motivated adj. 有积极性的
motivation n. 动机，目的
①The teacher can motivate her pupils to work hard.
那位老师能激励她的学生努力学习。
②A highly motivated (motivate) child can learn almost anything.
一个高积极性的孩子几乎可以学会任何事情。
③Repeated success leads to increased motivation (motivate)!
不断成功使动力增加！
1．It is believed to be the best example of a new lifelike style of painting that amazed people when it was first used.
它被认为是一种新的形象逼真型绘画风格的最好代表，这种绘画风格首次被使用就使人们惊叹不已。
(1)主句属于“Sth./Sb. is believed to do/be ...”句型，该句型常改写成“It is believed that ...”(据信/认为……)或“People believe that ...(人们相信/认为……)”。
另外，在上述句型中，不定式可用一般式(to do)、进行式(to be doing)、完成式(to have done)三种形式。
①Hard work is believed to lead to success.
＝It is believed that hard work can lead to success.
＝People believe that hard work can lead to success.
人们相信艰苦工作就能成功。
②Land animals are believed to_have_developed (develop) from sea animals.
陆地动物被认为是由海洋动物进化而来的。
(2)除believe外，用于此句型的词还有：say, think, report, estimate, suggest, know, report等。
③Thirteen is said to be an unlucky number.
＝People_say_that thirteen is an unlucky number.
＝It_is_said_that thirteen is an unlucky number.
据说13是一个不吉利的数字。
2．After centuries of accepting a medieval world view in which human life was considered of little value compared with the greatness of God, philosophers began asking questions like “What is a person？” or “Why am I here？”
几个世纪以来，哲学家们都持有中世纪的世界观，认为与上帝的伟大相比人的生命很渺小，现在他们开始提出诸如“人为何物？”以及“我为何存在？”这样的问题。
本句中含有“of＋抽象名词”结构，该结构常用来描述人或事物的特征，在句中作表语、后置定语或宾语补足语。常见类型有：
(1)be＋of＋抽象名词，相当于be＋形容词。能用于该结构的名词有：value, use, help, importance, difference 等，这些名词前可用great, no, little, some, any, not much等修饰，以表示不同程度。
①The book he gave me is of great use.
＝The book he gave me is very useful.
他给我的那本书很有用。
②We consider his work to be_of_great_value.
＝We consider his work to be very valuable.
我们觉得他的工作很有价值。
(2)be＋of＋size/weight/height/age/colour/opinion/width/length/type，etc.名词前一般加不定冠词或the same。
③The two boys are_of_the_same_age.
这两个男孩年龄相同。
④Coins may be of different sizes, weights and shapes.
钱币从大小、重量到形状可能各不相同。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The conference has been held to discuss the effect of global warming on the environment.
2．It is disturbing (disturb) to think a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.
3．This new discovery of oil is of great significance (significant) to this area's economy.
4．She is said to_have_been (be) an actress about twenty years ago.
5．For your businesses to thrive in future，you need well qualified, creative, motivated (motivate) people.
6．Learning a language is certainly more than just memorizing words, phrases and structures.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．The two coats are of_the_same_colour (相同的颜色)．
2．Darwin spent more_than_twenty_years (多于二十年) working on his theory of evolution.
3．Her success motivated_all_of_us_to_work_even_harder (激励我们所有的人更努力工作)．
4．Wet weather has_an_effect_on_the_health (对健康有影响) of most people.
5．It_is_believed_that (据认为) our team will win the match.
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I was deeply disturbed (打扰) and depressed by the news that Tom hadn't won the game.
2．There's a great need for a new book on the subject (主题)．
3．Were it not for music, life would be dull (枯燥的)．
4．It is well known that alcoholic drink can have a bad effect (影响) on your body.
5．Your support has always given me added inspiration and motivation (动机)．
6．Demand for skilled (有技巧的) workers is high; but there is no demand for unskilled ones.
7．The young writer learned a great deal from the works (著作) by masters in literature.
8．We were so worn out after the long walk in the sun that I suggested a rest in the shade (阴凉处)．
9．Basically (大体上来说), I agree with your advice on the plan. But there are a few details I'd like to discuss with you.
10．The frontiers (新领域) of medical knowledge are being pushed forwards as time goes on.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．He said he graduated from Oxford, while in the effect, he never went to college.去掉the
2．You'll find this map of great valuable in helping you to get round London.valuable→value
3．She said to have been teaching English for over twenty years.said前加is
4．It is generally accepted that people motivated by success.motivated前加are
5．The fast train to London takes more than an hour, or rather 55 minutes.more→less
Ⅲ.选词填空
take effect， wake up， hand in hand， contrast with， in short， more than， as if， compared with
1.This idea hit me when I woke_up this morning.
2．In_short,_the solution to all our problems lies in economic development.
3．Compared_with a quite ordinary star, like the sun, the earth is small indeed.
4．This cold weather contrasts_with last week's heat.
5．The changes will not take_effect until the computer restarts.
6．His talent for writing goes hand_in_hand with his love of literature.
7．She looked as_if nothing had happened to her.
8．It took them more_than one billion dollars to complete the project.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
The Renaissance, a French word 1.meaning (mean) “rebirth”， appeared in the English language in the 19th century. 2.It described a period of exploration and the beginning of the modern world. From Italy, it spread all over Europe 3.where artists found new ideas for their work in classical Greece and Rome. They also opened new 4.frontiers (frontier) in the arts such as painters' use of perspective and the effects of light. The sense of exploration which motivated the artists also developed together 5.with a new type of philosophy. Besides, it was also a time of scientific 6.invention (invent), when Leonardo, the extraordinary genius, did a lot in the 7.scientific (science) research. In short, the Renaissance made great contributions 8.to the development of Europe.
Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达
李老师不仅(more than)是我的老师，也是我的朋友。他经常激励(motivate)我努力学习。然而，我上次考试不及格，这使我感到不安(disturbed)，我也因此遭受失眠的影响(effect)。几天后，李老师叫我课后去他办公室，在那儿，他并没有批评我而是帮助我分析如何改正错误(how to do)。我想有李老师帮助我，我下次考试能考得好一些。
Mr_Li_is_more_than_my_teacher,_he_is_also_my_friend.He_often_motivates_me_to_work_hard.However,_I_failed_in_the_last_exam,_which_made_me_disturbed_and_I_suffered_from_the_effects_of_little_sleep.A_few_days_later,_Mr_Li_asked_me_to_go_to_his_office_after_class,_where_he_didn't_criticize_me_but_helped_me_analyze_how_to_correct_my_mistakes.I_think_I_can_do_better_in_the_next_exam_with_Mr_Li_helping_me.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.完形填空
Thinking “Out of the Box”
Long ago in an Italian town, a merchant had the misfortune of owing much money to a moneylender. The moneylender，old and ugly, __1__ the merchant's beautiful daughter, so he put forward a bargain. He said he would __2__ the merchant's debt if he could marry the daughter. Both the merchant and his daughter were frightened by the __3__.
The moneylender said he would put a black and a white pebbles (石子) into a(n) __4__ bag. The girl would then have to __5__ one pebble from the bag. If she got the black pebble, she would become the moneylender's __6__ and her father's debt would be forgiven. If she got the white pebble, she needn't marry him and her father's debt would __7__ be forgiven. But if she __8__ to pick a pebble，her father would be thrown into prison.
As they walked, the moneylender __9__ to pick up two pebbles from the pebble-covered path. However, the sharp-eyed girl __10__ that he had put two black pebbles into the bag. He then __11__ the girl to pick her pebble from the bag.
The girl thought for a while and put her hand into the bag and __12__ a pebble. Without looking at it, she missed and let it __13__ the path where it immediately became __14__ among all the other pebbles.
“Oh, how __15__ of me，” she said. “But never mind. If you look into the bag for the one that is __16__， you will be able to __17__ which pebble I picked.”
Since the remaining pebble is black, it must be __18__ that she had picked the white one. Since the moneylender dared not admit his __19__， the girl changed what seemed an impossible situation into a(n) __20__ one by thinking about it in a different way.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述一位聪明的姑娘利用自己的智慧帮助父亲摆脱债务，也使自己免于不幸的故事。由此启发我们每个难题都有解决的办法，不过需要我们从另一个方面去思考。
1．A.believed B．attracted
C．employed D．fancied
解析：选D 根据下文“He said he would ________ the merchant's debt if he could marry the daughter.”可知fancied(爱慕)符合语境。
2．A.meet B．forget
C．owe D．collect
解析：选B 根据下文中“her father's debt would be forgiven(她父亲的债务会被豁免)”可知forget符合语境。
3．A.suggestion B．argument
C．blame D．challenge
解析：选A 根据语境，商人和他的女儿都对放债者的提议感到害怕。上文中的“put forward a bargain”也有提示。
4．A.beautiful B．expensive
C．magical D．empty
解析：选D 下文提到：放到袋子里的石子有两个，剩下的那个是“黑的”，掉到地上的那个就是“白的”。由此判断在装入两个石子之前，袋子是空的。
5．A.pick B．change
C．recognize D．buy
解析：选A 从下文叙述的故事来看，放债者让商人的女儿从袋子中“取出”了一块石子，而非变换或辨认等。
6．A.sister B．friend
C．relative D．wife
解析：选D 上文提到放债者要商人的女儿嫁给他，所以如果拿到了黑石子，就要成为他的妻子。
7．A.still B．thus
C．even D．again
解析：选A 下文的But与上文两个If开头的句子是转折关系。两个If开头的句子之间为并列关系，且有“her father's debt would be forgiven”可知此处填still。
8．A.regretted B．tried
C．hoped D．refused
解析：选D 放债者提出的交易包含三个方面，此处描述的是“拒绝”取石子的情况。如果她拒绝取石子，她的父亲就会被送进监狱。
9．A.stood up B．went forward
C．bent over D．sat down
解析：选C 上文的“As they walked”以及后面的“pick up”可以判断：放债者“俯身”拾起两个石子来。
10．A.guessed B．noticed
C．understood D．predicted
解析：选B 结合故事情境，根据上文的sharp-eyed判断，女孩“发现”放债者拾起两个黑石子来，故选noticed。
11．A.asked B．preferred
C．helped D．led
解析：选A 放债者要求女孩取石子。
12．A.threw away B．turned over
C．drew out D．pointed at
解析：选C 和上文的“put her hand into the bag”对比，此处指从袋子里“取出”一个石子。
13．A.fall onto B．move off
C．slide into D．roll along
解析：选A 从下文的故事发展来看，石子掉到路面上，和其他的石子混合在了一起，故用“fall onto”。
14．A.white B．distinct
C．lost D．common
解析：选C 石子落到地面的石子堆里，当然看不到掉下去的是哪一个。lost最符合语境。
15．A.ridiculous B．clumsy
C．fortunate D．disappointed
解析：选B 女孩故意说自己“笨拙(clumsy)”，把挑出的石子“掉到了地上”。
16．A.left B．wanted
C．chosen D．discovered
解析：选A 此处是女孩告诉放债者，“如果你看看袋子里剩下的那块石子，就能知道我取出的是哪块石子了。”
17．A.doubt B．tell
C．remember D．explain
解析：选B tell意为“辨识，区别”，含有推理判断得出结论的意义，符合语境。
18．A.expected B．appointed
C．guaranteed D．assumed
解析：选D assumed表示通过“假定”得出某结论，符合语境。
19．A.dishonesty B．anxiety
C．uncertainty D．puzzle
解析：选A 根据整个故事情节，尤其是放债者自己提出的“建议”和“装入两个黑石子”的行为判断，这位放债者“不诚实”，而此时他是不敢承认的。
20．A.serious B．adventurous
C．advantageous D．dangerous
解析：选C 和上文的impossible一词比较，此处选用advantageous表示把不利形势变成了对女孩有利的形势。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Children's Center lies in east of Shanghai. It covers an area of 80,000 square meters and contain a number of magnificent buildings. Among the park's trees there are a science hall, an art centre, a gym, a colorful greenhouse, a music fountain, a children's bookstore and various entertainment equipment.
Since it was set up ten years ago, the Children's Center has accepted over 10 million visitors both from Shanghai and from other part of the country. Every Sunday morning, children gather at the center. There are too many of them that they crowd the park's equipment. Climbing here and there, they fill the park in their laughter. How I wish that every city has such an fine Children's Center for kids.
答案：第一句：in后加the
第二句：contain→contains
第三句：are→is; music→musical
第四句：accepted→received; part→parts
第六句：too→so
第七句：in→with
第八句：has→had; an→a
课件32张PPT。Module 2 The Renaissance Section Ⅲ Grammar-非谓语动词
?语法图解
?探究发现
①It was foolish of you to lie to your teacher.
②It's no use trying to persuade him to change his mind.
③Her wish is to go to Tokyo to watch the 2020 Olympic Games.
④Our work is serving the people.
⑤People want to know who Mona Lisa is and why she is smiling.
⑥But they looked forward, too, by opening new frontiers in the arts.
⑦The building being built is a new shopping mall.
⑧The bird was lucky and escaped being caught.
⑨Painted by Leonardo da Vinci in the years 1503－1506, the Mona Lisa is a mysterious masterpiece.
⑩All things considered, she is the best student in my class.
[我的发现]
(1)①②句中的黑体部分在句中作主语，③④句中的作表语，⑤⑥句中的作宾语。
(2)由①②句可知，动词不定式和动词-ing形式作主语，可以用it作形式主语。
(3)⑦⑧句中，黑体部分都为动词-ing形式的被动式，在句中分别为定语和宾语。
(4)⑨句中，黑体部分为过去分词在句中作状语；⑩句中，分词作状语时有自己独立的主语，这叫独立主格结构。
非谓语动词是指在句中不能充当谓语，而是起其他语法功能的动词。非谓语动词有三种：动词不定式、动名词和分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化，但是有语态和时态的变化。
一、非谓语动词的基本形式
时态形式
主动式
被动式
不定式
一般式
to do
to be done
完成式
to have done
to have been done
进行式
to be doing
动词-ing
形式
一般式
doing
being done
完成式
having done
having been done
动词-ed形式
一般式
done
[即时演练1] 写出下列句中加黑部分所作的句子成分
①To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
不定式短语作主语
②With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema.
with复合结构作原因状语
③This is the best way to work out this problem.
不定式短语作定语
④They went to the park, singing and talking.
动词-ing形式作伴随状语
⑤Can you hear her singing the song in the next room?
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
⑥Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave.
过去分词短语作状语
⑦The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.动词-ing形式作定语
⑧Do you mind my asking you a few questions?
动词-ing形式作宾语
二、非谓语动词的句法功能
1．不定式和动名词作主语
不定式作主语表示具体动作；动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作。
To swim in the sea in hot summer is very pleasant.
炎热的夏季在海里游泳很惬意。
Reading aloud is a good way to learn English.
大声朗读是学习英语的一个好方法。
[名师点津] 不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在后面；而动名词只能在一些特定的句式中用it作形式主语。
It is no use (no good, fun, a waste of time ...)＋doing sth.
[即时演练2] 用所给词的适当形式填空
①Walking (walk) is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
②To_master (master) a foreign language calls for a great deal of memory work.
③It is difficult to_see (see) how more savings can be made.
④It is no use crying (cry)．
2．不定式和动名词作宾语
(1)except, but作介词时后面也可以跟不定式，但多用于否定句和疑问句。
He has no choice but to lie down and sleep.
他别无选择，只能躺下睡觉。
Tom did nothing last night except to watch TV.
除了看电视，汤姆昨晚什么也没干。
(2)下列动词(短语)后要用不定式作宾语：
agree, promise, learn, fail, decide, plan, ask, demand, want, hope, wish, expect, manage, offer, would like/love, refuse, pretend, choose等。
They managed to escape from the burning building.
他们成功地逃出了那座着火的大楼。
(3)下列动词(短语)后要用动名词作宾语：
allow/permit, consider, suggest/advise/propose/recommend, be busy, insist on, practise, admit, enjoy, look forward to, deny, delay, excuse, avoid, miss, give up, finish, risk, escape, imagine, appreciate等。
I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.
我很感激两年前被给予出国学习的机会。
(4)有些动词后既可用动名词又可用动词不定式作宾语。意义上无较大差别，常见的有：begin, start, continue, prefer, love, like等；而有些两者意义完全不同，常见的有：remember, forget, try, regret, mean等。
As soon as he arrived at the school, he began reading/to read his English book.
他一到学校就开始看英语书。
I liked playing/to play table tennis when I was a middle school student.
我上中学时喜欢打乒乓球。
Don't forget to post the letter for me when you pass the post office.
当你经过邮局时，别忘了替我把这封信寄出去。
I'll never forget hearing this piece of music for the first time.
我永远不会忘记第一次听到这首曲子的情景。
(5)有些动词(如need, want, require, bear等)后可跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，也可跟不定式的被动形式表示被动意义。
The house needs repairing/to be repaired.
这幢房子需要修缮。
This kind of cloth bears washing/to be washed.
这种布料很耐洗。
[即时演练3]
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①She has arranged to_see (see) her parents next week.
②I gave up writing (write) five years ago.
③Dickens began to_work/working (work) at a factory when he was very young.
④Does Betty have any choice but to_do (do) as you tell her?
(2)完成句子
①She remembered_locking the door.
她记得锁上门了。
②Tom forgot_to_open the window.
汤姆忘记去开窗户。
③Drain piping may require protecting/to_be_protected_against_freezing.
排水管要求有防冻保护措施。
3．不定式、动名词和分词作表语
(1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。
To do two things at a time is to do neither.
一次做两件事等于什么也不做。
Her job is teaching.
她的职业就是教书。
[名师点津] 如果主语是不定式(表示条件)，表语也用不定式(表示结果)；如果主语是动名词，表语也用动名词。
To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.
对敌人的仁慈就是对人民的残酷。
Helping others is helping yourself.
帮助别人就是帮助自己。
(2)分词作表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词作表语，一种是过去分词作表语。现在分词作表语一般表示事物的性质、特征；过去分词作表语多用来描述人或高级动物的心理状态。例如：表示“人对……感兴趣”就用sb. be interested in ...，表示“人/物本身有趣”就用sb./sth.be interesting。这类词常见的有：interesting/interested, exciting/excited, delighting/delighted, disappointing/disappointed, encouraging/encouraged, pleasing/pleased, puzzling/puzzled, satisfying/satisfied, surprising/surprised, worrying/worried等。
[即时演练4] 完成句子
①I am_interested_in the book.
我对这本书很感兴趣。
②His habit is walking_the_dog after supper.
他的习惯是晚饭后遛狗。
③Her wish is to_become_a_great_player.
她的愿望是成为一个伟大的运动员。
4．不定式、现在分词和过去分词作补足语
动词不定式作补足语表示动作的过程；现在分词表示正在进行的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成意义。
We watched her crossing the street.(动作正在进行)
我们看着她走过大街。
I watched my sister cross the bridge.(动作已经完成)
我看着妹妹过了桥。
I heard my name called.(动作完成且表示被动)
我听见有人叫我。
[巧学助记]
(1)下面的动词要用不定式作宾补：动词＋宾语＋动词不定式
劝教命请叫(advise/suggest/recommend, teach, order, command, ask, tell)；
允许又警告(allow, permit, warn)；
使役表意向(cause, let, have, make, lead, set, leave, get, wish, want, expect)；
知觉动词妙(feel, hear, watch, see, observe, notice)；
且要省略to。
(2)下面的动词(短语)后可跟分词作宾语补足语：
see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。
He kept the car waiting at the gate.
他把小汽车停在门口。
[名师点津] 感官动词后面出现了动词不定式作宾语补足语时，主动结构中必须省略不定式符号to，但在变为被动结构时，省略的to则必须加上。
[即时演练5]
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①They use computers to keep the traffic running (run) smoothly.
②I found a strange person walking (walk) nearby our shop all day.
③He asked us to assist him in carrying (carry) through his plan.
④The committee permitted us to_go (go) ahead with our building plan.
⑤They really pulled out all the stops to get the task finished (finish)．
(2)完成句子
①I couldn't make_myself_heard above the noise of the traffic.
车辆噪音很大，我无法让人听到我的声音。
②I saw him take_your_dictionary_away.
我看到他把你的词典拿走了。
③I saw him going_upstairs.
我看见他正在上楼。
5．不定式、动名词和分词作定语
(1)通常不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作，所修饰的词与之在逻辑上存在动宾关系、主谓关系或同位关系。
He is a pleasant fellow to work with.
他是个很好共事的人。
The man to come to our assistance is Mike.
要来帮助我们的人是迈克。
(2)动名词作前置定语，用来说明该名词的性质、用途，可替换成for短语。
a swimming pool＝a pool for swimming (动名词)
(3)分词作定语
现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词一般表示被动含义；现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或做完(完成)的事。
falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子
fallen leaves 落叶
China is a developing country, not a developed country.
中国是一个发展中国家，而不是一个发达国家。
[名师点津] 动名词作定语通常表示用途
reading room 阅览室
operating table 手术台
swimming pool 游泳池
singing competition 歌咏比赛
drinking water 饮用水
[即时演练6] 用所给词的适当形式填空
①The picture hanging (hang) on the wall is painted by my close friend.
②The first textbooks written (write) for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
③Have you got anything to_say (say) at the meeting?
④The car repaired (repair)yesterday by him is my mother's.
⑤The man standing (stand) at the gate is my English teacher.
6．非谓语动词作状语的用法区别
(1)动词不定式通常作目的、原因、结果状语等。
In order to arrive there on time, I got up early.
为了按时到达那里，我很早就起床了。
He's old enough to go to school himself.
他大到可以自己去上学了。
She was so angry as to be unable to speak.
她气得连话都说不出来。
Jack hurried to the booking office, only to be told that all the tickets had been sold out.
杰克匆忙赶到售票处，结果被告知所有的票都被卖完了。(不定式only to be told在句中作结果状语，表示意料之外的结果)
I am glad to hear the news.
听到这个消息我很高兴。(不定式短语to hear the news在句中作原因状语，通常位于句末)
(2)动词-ing形式(现在分词)和动词-ed形式(过去分词)在句中通常作原因、时间、伴随、条件、结果、让步状语等。主语与动词-ing形式(现在分词)在逻辑上存在主谓关系，主语与动词-ed形式(过去分词)在逻辑上存在动宾关系。
Seeing the teacher, he ran into the classroom.
看见老师，他跑进了教室。
Surrounded by a group of pupils, the old teacher walked into the classroom.
在一群学生的簇拥下，那位老教师走进了教室。
Being Party members, we should take the lead in everything.
作为党员，凡事我们都应该起带头作用。
His parents died, leaving him a lot of money.
他的父母去世了，留给他一大笔钱。
Caught in a heavy rain, he was wet to the skin.
由于遇上了大雨，他浑身都湿透了。
Getting up late, he missed his early train.
由于起床晚了，他没有赶上早班火车。
Seen from space, our earth looks more beautiful.
从太空看，我们的地球更美。
[名师点津] 动词-ing 形式和动词-ed 形式的独立结构：
动词-ing 形式短语(现在分词短语)和动词-ed 形式短语(过去分词短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语通常与句子的主语一致，但有时它们可以有自己的独立主语，这种结构被称为独立主格结构。当逻辑主语与其后的动词是主动关系时，用动词-ing 形式；当逻辑主语与其后的动词是被动关系时，用动词-ed 形式。
Time permitting, we can complete the project.
如果时间允许，我们就能完成这个项目。(逻辑主语time与 permit 存在主动关系，独立主格结构作条件状语)
All the work done, they decided to treat themselves to a movie.
所有的工作都做完了，他们决定去看一场电影犒劳自己。(逻辑主语all the work与do之间存在被动关系，句中独立主格结构作原因或时间状语)
[即时演练7] 句型转换
①After he had watered the garden, he began to mow the lawn.
→Havingwateredthegarden,_he began to mow the lawn.
②When they are heated, metals expand.
→Heated,_metals expand.
③Because I do not know what to do next, I want to ask for your advice.
→Notknowingwhattodonext,_I want to ask for your advice.
④She awoke, so that she found herself lost in the forest.
→She awoke, onlytofind herself lost in the forest.
⑤She ran up to me and her hair flew in the wind.
→She ran up to me, her hair flying in the wind.
7．非谓语动词常考的其他结构
(1)疑问词＋不定式结构
疑问词who, what, which, when, where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语。
When to start has not been decided.
何时动身尚未决定。(主语)
I don't know what to do.
我不知道该怎么办。(宾语)
I have no idea of how to do it.
我不知道如何做此事。(表语)
(2)非谓语动词的独立主格结构
非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致。若不一致，则要在非谓语动词前加上其自身的逻辑主语构成非谓语动词的独立主格结构。独立主格结构没有真正的主语和谓语，因此，在语法上不是句子。独立主格结构在句中作状语，表示方式、时间、原因、条件、结果等。
①名词/代词＋现在分词
名词/代词与构成现在分词的动词之间为主谓或动宾关系，现在分词多表示动作正在进行。
The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.
向导领着路，我们毫不费劲地走出了森林。
②名词/代词＋过去分词
名词/代词与构成过去分词的动词之间是动宾关系，过去分词表示动作已完成。
This done, we went home.
做完此事，我们就回家了。
③名词/代词＋不定式
不定式多表示将要发生的动作。
We divided the work, he to clean the window and I to sweep the floor.
我们分了工，他擦窗户，我扫地。
[即时演练8]
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①The moon appearing (appear), they decided to go on with their work.
②All the work done (do), they went to the square.
③The student lay on the grassland with his hands crossed (cross) behind his head and eyes shut (shut)．
④With two children attending (attend) a middle school in the nearby town now, the man is working hard.
(2)完成句子
①They don't tell other people what_to_do,_but help others to take charge.
他们不会告诉其他的人去做什么，而是帮助他们自己承担。
②We now have a really good idea of how_to_do_this.
我们现在有了如何做到这一点的真正的好主意。
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Some people try to knock me down, only to_make (make) me more determined to do better.
2．Upon arriving (arrive) home, I was surprised to find the paper I had prepared was missing.
3．Mrs.White found her husband surrounded (surround) by letters and papers and looking very worried.
4．Reading (read) is the key to the treasure house of ideas.
5．Having experienced many failures, I have the courage to_meet (meet) all challenges.
6．There are a lot of people standing (stand) in line waiting for the bus.
7．Despite a strong wind, children are still looking forward to not canceling (cancel) the outdoor activity at the weekend.
8．In order not to be found, I'll spend the night locked (lock) in your room.
9．Left (leave) alone in a dark room, the little girl was so frightened at the frightening sound.
10．All her time devoted to doing (do) experiments, she has no time for films.
11．I noticed a man running (run) out of the bank when I got off the car.
12．I found it quite astonishing (astonish) that none of you liked the play.
13．To_finish (finish) painting the home took us an entire week.
14．My wish is to_join (join) the army after graduation.
15．They decided to_bring (bring) forward the date of the next meeting.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．(2016·北京高考书面表达)Knowing_from_your_last_mail that you ask me to tell you my favorite figure in Chinese history, I'm more than glad to share that with you.
从你上次的邮件中得知你要我告诉你我最喜欢的中国历史人物，我很高兴与你分享。
2. (2016·天津高考书面表达)Doing_sports_as_a_team has enabled us to know each other better.
做团体运动能够使我们更加彼此了解。
3．(2015·四川高考书面表达)I badly need_someone_to_help_me_with my oral English, at which lots of Chinese students are bad.
我迫切需要一个人来帮助我的英语口语，在这一点上，很多中国学生都很差。
4．(2015·陕西高考书面表达)I'm writing to_apply_for_the_position as a student volunteer.
我写信是要申请作为一名学生志愿者的职位。
5．(2015·重庆高考满分作文)Learning_that you are organizing this activity to_share_books_
worldwide,_here I am writing to apply to join in the activity you are organizing.
得知你正在组织分享世界各地的书籍的活动，现在我写信申请加入你正在组织的活动。
6．(2015·天津高考满分作文)We will take the books to you when we take part in the summer camp to_be_held_in_your_school in July.
当我们参加你的学校在七月举行的夏令营时，我们将把这些书带给你。
7．(2015·浙江高考满分作文)I thought helping_the_old_at_the_nursing_home would be more meaningful.
我认为在敬老院帮助老人会更有意义。
8．(2015·广东高考满分作文)Carried_out_continuously,_it will benefit all of us greatly and we are sure to_make_obvious_progress.
继续进行，这将非常有利于我们所有的人，我们肯定会取得明显进展。
Ⅲ.短文改错
My cousin and I usually stay out later with some friends on Saturday evenings, left Grandpa alone at home. But it was so cold yesterday that neither of us wanted suffer from the freezing wind outside. But after dinner we stayed home sitting around a fire and listening to Grandpa to tell his experiences in the Second World War. Though in fact it sounded unfamiliar to us, we were still listening attentively so as to make him happily. Now and then we asked Grandpa some questions, which he answered in humorous way. We burst out laughing from time to time and he laughing too. Full of joy, we all felt especial warm on the cold evening.
答案：第一句：later→late; left→leaving
第二句：wanted后加to
第三句：But→So; 去掉第二个to
第四句：it→they; happily→happy
第五句：in后加a
第六句：第二个laughing→laughed
第七句：especial→especially
课件50张PPT。Module 2 The Renaissance Section Ⅳ Other Parts of the Module
Step 1 True (T) or False (F)．
Page 22
1．Most people don't walk because of convenient transportation.__T__
2．All house owners were taxed on the size of their window in Europe.__F__
3．The writer visited both the Van Gogh Museum and the Rijksmuseum.__F__
Page 25
1．It remains a puzzle whether the Mona Lisa in the Louvre is the authentic work by Da Vinci.__T__
2．Eduardo de Valfierno stole the Mona Lisa from the Louvre by himself.__F__
3．Perugia was put into prison for his crime.__T__
Step 2 Choose the best answers according to the passage on P27.
1．Before printing was invented, copies of a manuscript were usually made by hand on ________.
A．silk B．stones
C．animal skins D．wood
2．Who set up his own printing press in London?
A．Gutenberg. B．William Caxton.
C．Shakespeare. D．The son of Shakespeare.
答案：1.C 2.B
Step 3 Complete the following form according to the passage on P27.
The development of printing in Europe
?The first 1.printing_press was made by a German, and the first book he produced was a 2.Bible.
?Soon there were printing presses all over 3.northern_Europe.
?In 1476 William Caxton set up his own press in 4.London.
The importance of printing
?Printing answered a need because people 5.were_thirsty_for knowledge.
?Printing made 6.it_possible to produce more copies in a few weeks than could have been produced in a lifetime written out 7.by_hand.
?Without the development of the printing press, 8.the_Renaissance may never have happened.
一、这样记单词
记得准·写得对
记得快·记得多
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1.overnightadj. 持续整夜的
2.authenticadj. (书画、文件、书籍等)原作的
3.passerbyn. (过)路人
4.dashv. 猛冲
5.crossingn. 十字路口；交叉口
6.crossroadsn. 十字路口
7.fleev. 逃跑，逃掉
8.sideroadn. 旁路，旁侧路
9.seekv. 寻找；寻求
10.behalfn. 方面；利益
11.chiefadj. 最重要的；首要的
12.fundamentaladj. 根本的；基本的
13.drawbackn. 不利因素
14.superbadj. 极好的；超级的
15.confidentialadj. 秘密的，机密的
16.debtn. 债务；人情债
17.merelyadv. 仅仅；只不过
18.outcomen. 结果；后果
19.blamen. (对错事或坏事应付的)责任
20.libertyn. 自由；自由权
21.giftedadj. 有天赋的；有才华的
22.movableadj. 活动的；可移动的
23.ruraladj. 农村的；乡村的
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1.lossn．丢失，丧失→lose vt.丢失，迷失→lost adj.丢失的
2.inspirev．鼓舞，激励→inspiration n．鼓舞，激励；启发，灵感
3.appealv．恳求；呼吁→appealing adj.动人心弦的→appealingly adv.动人心弦地
4.calculatev．计算→calculator n．计算器→calculation n．计算；账目；推定；预想；预定
5.suspectn．(犯罪)嫌疑人；可疑分子→suspected adj.被怀疑的→suspicious adj.多疑的
6.passionn．激情，热爱→passionate adj.热情的→passionately adv.热烈的；激烈地
7.officialn．官员；高级职员adj.正式的，公务的→ officer n．军官，干部
8.professionn．职业→professional adj.职业的，专业的→professor n．教授
1.overnight adj.持续整夜的
[联想] 聚焦“over＋n.”合成名词
①overwork 过度工作
②overtime 超出的时间
③overpopulation 人口过剩
④overweight 超重
2.passerby n．(过)路人
[复数] passersby 过路人
3.dash v．猛冲
[词块] ①dash into the room 冲进房间
②dash out of the room 冲出房间
[联想] ①rush v. 冲，奔
②dash：指以最快的速度向前奔驰
③rush：指因急躁或事务紧急而采取快速行动
4.crossroads n．十字路口；交叉口
[联想] crossing n. 十字路口
[词块] at a crossing/crossroads
5.chief adj.最重要的；首要的
[比较] ①chief：指人时，表同类中职位最高，权力最大；指物时，表同类中最重要，价值最高
②major：指同其他人或其他物、问题等相比较，显得更加重要和突出
6.outcome n．结果；后果
[同义] consequence, effect, result
7.blame n．(对错事或坏事应付的)责任
[近义] ①scold vt. 责骂，斥责
②condemn vt. 谴责
8.gifted adj.有天赋的；有才华的
[联想] talented adj. 有才能的
[串记] As we all know, Lang Lang is a gifted pianist and he has a gift for music.
9.movable adj.活动的；可移动的
[联想] 盘点-able结尾形容词
①suitable 适合的
②adaptable 适应的
③acceptable 可接受的
④comfortable 舒服的
⑤bearable 可容忍的
二、这样记短语
记牢固定短语
多积常用词块
1.depend on 依靠，依赖；取决于(条件、情况)
2．in history 历史上
3．leave for出发去某地
4．leave sth. behind把……抛在后面
5．on behalf of 代表
6．get tired of对……厌倦
7．at liberty 获得自由的
8．up to 到(某个数量)
9．lead to导致，通向，通往
10．take up从事，开始做(某项工作)
1.take a train 乘火车
2．half an hour or so 大约半小时
3．the whole day 一整天
4．three quarters 四分之三
5．in all his life 他整个一生
6．make a tentative attempt 做试探性尝试
7．as early as in the 7th century 早在七世纪
8．be thirsty for knowledge 渴求知识
9．passion for artistic expression 艺术表达的激情
10．western civilisation 西方文明
三、这样记句式
先背熟
再悟通
后仿用
1.We don't think the burglar was working alone.
我们认为那个盗贼不是单独作案。
don't think是否定转移的用法。not从宾语从句谓语动词的前面，转移到了主句谓语动词think的前面。
I_don't_think Jack's getting along well with his colleagues.
我认为杰克与他的同事们相处得不好。
2.Printing made it possible to produce more copies in a few weeks than could have been produced in a lifetime written out by hand.
印刷使这一点成为可能：在数周内印刷出来的书比一个人一辈子手工抄写的书还要多。
本句为make的复合结构，it是形式宾语，possible是宾补，to do 不定式是真正的宾语。
The heavy rain made_it_impossible_for_us_to_go_out.
大雨使得我们无法出去。
3.But as the ideas of the Renaissance developed, so didthe demand for the Greek and Latin classics ...
但随着文艺复兴观念的发展，人们对希腊和拉丁经典作品的需求也增加了……
“so＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”句式，表示前句的肯定情况也适合于后者，意为“……也一样”。
Mary likes Chinese. So_does_Tom.
玛丽喜欢汉语，汤姆也喜欢汉语。
1．(教材P22)．..here the taxes depended on the width of the house — so they kept them narrow, but built them tall.
……这里的税金是根据房屋的宽度而定——因此他们就把房屋盖得很窄但却很高。
?depend on依赖；依靠；取决于(情况，条件)
depend v． 依靠；依赖
依赖/指望某人做某事
depend on it that ... 相信，指望……
It (all) depends./That depends. 视情况而定。
①Health depends on good food, fresh air and enough sleep.
健康依靠的是良好的食物，新鲜的空气和充足的睡眠。
②You can't always depend on the trains arriving/to_arrive (arrive) on time.
你不能老是指望火车准点到达。
③You may depend on it that she will fulfil the plan.
你们可以相信她会完成这个计划。
④—How long are you staying?
—I don't know; it/that_depends.
——你将停留多长时间？
——不知道。视情况而定。
[名师点津] 除depend on之外，其他表示“依靠，依赖”的短语还有：rely on, count on, figure on等。
2．(教材P25)We're appealing to anyone who saw the suspect to contact us.
我们呼吁无论是谁看到了嫌疑犯，请与我们联系。
?appeal
(1)vi.恳求，呼吁；吸引
appeal to sb. to do sth. 呼吁/请求某人做某事
appeal to sb. for sth. 呼吁/请求某人某事
appeal for sth. 呼吁某事；请求给予某物
appeal to sb. 吸引某人
①The government is appealing to everyone to save water.
政府呼吁每个人节约用水。
②They appealed to us for support, but their plan didn't appeal to us.
他们恳求我们的支持，但他们的计划对我们没有吸引力。
(2)vi.上诉(常与against连用)
appeal against 不服……而上诉
appeal to the law 诉诸法律
③I intend to appeal against this sentence.
我要对这个判决提起上诉。
(3)n.呼吁，恳求；吸引力；上诉
make an appeal to sb. for sth.为某事向某人呼吁或请求
④We made an appeal to the villagers for money to build the bridge.
为建造这座桥， 我们呼吁村民捐款。
?suspect n．(犯罪)嫌疑人；可疑分子v.怀疑
(1)suspect sb. of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人(做)某事
suspect sb./sth. to be 怀疑某人/某事是……
suspect that ... 以为，猜想
(2)suspected adj. 受怀疑的，被怀疑的
①The police suspect him of having taken the money.
警察怀疑钱是他偷的。
②What she said sounded convincing, but I suspect it to_be (be) a lie.
她的话听起来挺可信的，但我认为那是谎话。
③He was ordered to observe a suspected (suspect) person.
他受命监视一个可疑的人。
3．(教材P25)We're seeking a gang of criminals.
我们在搜寻一帮罪犯。
?seek (sought, sought) v．寻找，寻求；试图
seek one's fortune 寻求发财之道
seek sb. for advice 寻求某人的建议
seek sth. from sb. 向某人寻求某物
seek after 追求
seek to do 试图做……；企图做……
seek for 试图获得
①Young people long to seek their fortune in the world.
年轻人渴望闯天下。
②We seek to_help (help) every student discover the joy of learning.
我们试图帮助每个学生发现学习的乐趣。
③You should seek advice from your lawyer on this matter.
这件事情你应该请教你的律师。
4．(教材P25)The outcome of the story is that Perugia got the blame for the crime and went to prison.
故事的结局是佩鲁贾为这起犯罪背了黑锅并进了监狱。
?blame n．(对错事或坏事应付的)责任v.责怪，责备
(1)take/bear/accept/the blame 承担责任
get the blame for 为……背黑锅
lay/put the blame for sth. on sb.
把某事归咎于某人
(2)blame ... for ...＝blame ... on ...
把……归咎于，指责
be to blame (for sth.) 对(某事)负有责任
①If you fail the exam you'll only put the blame on yourself.
如果你考试不及格，只能怪你自己。
②You can hardly blame him for the mistake he made; he didn't know much about the situation.
他不大了解情况， 搞错了也难怪。
③Don't lay the fault to me. I am not to_blame (blame)．
别归咎于我。我无可责备。
[名师点津] “be to blame for sth.”为主动形式表示被动意义的情况。
[语境串记] Don't always blame your own failure on others.Sometimes you yourself are to blame.
不要总是把失败归咎于别人，有时该怪你自己。
5．(教材P27)But as the ideas of the Renaissance developed, so did the demand for the Greek and Latin classics, which had been largely ignored for up to 2,000 years.
但随着文艺复兴观念的发展，人们对希腊和拉丁经典作品的需求也增加了，而这些经典作品大部分已经被忽视达两千年了。
?up to 到(某个数量)，多达；不迟于，直到；有某种能力的，能胜任的；正在做/忙于……；取决于
写出下列句中up to的含义
①The cottage could accommodate up to five people.到(某个数量)，多达
②What's he up to？忙于
③It's up to you whether you decide to take the job.取决于
④She is not up to the work assigned to her.能胜任的_
⑤Up to now everything has been successful.直到
6．(教材P27)This spread of printed books led to a renewed passion for artistic expression.
印刷书籍的传播，重新唤起了人们对艺术表达的激情。
?lead to导致；通向
lead ... to ... 引导……到……
lead sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事
lead the way 领先，一马当先
lead a ... life 过着……的生活
①As we all known, eating too much fat can lead to health problems.
正如我们知道的那样，吃太多的脂肪会导致疾病。
②I didn't know what had led you to_believe (believe) him.
我不知道是什么使你相信了他。
③They lead a busy and colourful life on the campus.
他们在大学里过着忙碌而又丰富多彩的生活。
[名师点津] 除lead to 外，其他表示“导致，引起，造成”的词或短语还有：cause, result in, bring on, contribute to, bring about等。
7．(教材P27)．.. the son of John Shakespeare, a government official in rural England in the mid?1500s, may never have been inspired to take up writing as a profession.
……16世纪中期英格兰乡村的政府官员——约翰·莎士比亚的儿子也许根本不可能受到鼓舞而将写作作为职业。
?take up从事，开始做(某项工作)；接受；继续，接下去；占用，占据(时间、空间、注意力等)，站好位置以备……；拿起
写出下列句中take up的含义
①The table takes up too much space.占据(空间)
②When did he take up playing football？开始做，从事
③She took up the story where John had left off.继续，接下去
④The runners took up their positions on the starting line.站好位置以备……
⑤I am quite prepared to take up this new post.接受
⑥He took up the receiver when the telephone rang.拿起
take back 取回，收回
take in 吸收；理解；欺骗
take on 雇用，呈现
take over 接管；掌管
take down 拿下；记下；拆除
take off 起飞；脱掉；请假
⑦The insect can take on the color of its surroundings.
这种昆虫能随环境而变色。
⑧He took_off his glasses and put them into pocket.
他摘下眼镜，把它放进口袋里。
But as the ideas of the Renaissance developed，so did the demand for the Greek and Latin classics，which had been largely ignored for up to 2,000 years.
但随着文艺复兴观念的发展，人们对希腊和拉丁经典作品的需求也增加了。这些经典作品大部分已经被忽视达两千年了。
(1)句中so did the demand ...属于“so＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”句式，表示前句的肯定情况也适合于后者，意为“……也一样”。句式中的主语和前句的主语不指同一人或物。
①Bill likes tennis and so does Tom.
比尔喜欢网球，而汤姆也喜欢。
(2)“so＋主语＋助动词/系动词/情态动词”表示对前句的确定，意为“确实如此”。此句型中的主语与前句的主语为同一人或物。
②You say he works hard. So he does (do), and so do you.
你说他很努力，对，他确实很努力，你也一样。
(3)当前面的否定情况也适用于后者时，用“neither/nor＋助动词＋主语”。
③You didn't see him, and neither/nor_did_I.
你没有看见他， 我也没有。
(4)当前面既有肯定又有否定或有两个谓语时，用so it is/was with sb.或it is the same with sb.。
④Tom studies very hard and is never late for school. It is the same with Dick/So it is with Dick.
汤姆学习非常努力，上学从不迟到。迪克也是如此。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．In western countries, parents would not like their kids to depend too much on others' help.
2．As science and technology develops steadily, so does the education style of China.
3．The government is appealing to the people for calm in the face of inflation, stating effective measures are being taken.
4．He was suspected of giving away state secrets and arrested last month.
5．After retirement, Mr.Smith took up painting, which he had always loved but had not had time for.
6．We seek to_cater (cater) the needs of business as well as local clients.
7．Hard work and proper ways will lead you to success.
8．It is up to you to_decide (decide) when we will start.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．She doesn't play the piano, but she likes singing. So_it_is_with_my_sister.
她不弹钢琴，但喜欢唱歌，我姐姐也是如此。
2．People living in cities lead_a_busy_life.
住在城市里的人们过着忙碌的生活。
3．His sense of humour appealed_to_all_the_people present enormously.
她的幽默感把所有在场的人强烈地吸引住了。
4．You shouldn't put/lay_the_blame_on_her_for this matter.
这件事你不能归罪于她。
5．You can depend_on_us_to_fulfill the task on time.
→You can depend_on_it_that we will fulfill the task on time.
你尽管放心，我们能够按时完成任务。
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
[本课语言点针对练习]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The beggar sat outside the building asking passersby (过路人) for money.
2．He sought (寻求) every opportunity to find the job he had wanted.
3．The rural (乡村的) scenery was so beautiful that he decided to stay one more week.
4．The few hours I spent in the library had brought back my old passion (激情) for reading.
5．He's in debt (债务) to the bank because he bought that big house.
6．She counts among the most gifted (有天赋的) of the current generation of composers.
7．When a child has become conditioned to life in a city , he may feel quite at a loss (损失) in any other environment.
8．Since the early age of the computer's favorite, so I chose the IT profession (职业)．
9．I feel nervous about the outcome(结果) of the experiment.
10．A knowledge of economics is fundamental (根本) to any understanding of this problem.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Depend on that we won't give up.on后加it
2．Tom hasn't finished his paper; so has his twin brother.so→neither
3．We were ready to take the blame of what had happened.of→for
4．After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane took in a job in the countryside.第二个in→up
5．The police appealed the public to be alert to burglar at night.appealed后加to
Ⅲ.选词填空
in history， leave for， leave behind， on behalf of， at liberty， up to， in debt， take over， lead to， get tired of
1.You are not at_liberty to leave without permission.
2．The Olympics were not held because of world wars for 3 times in_history.
3．If you don't keep up with the times, you'll get left_behind.
4．The path led_to a tiny village situated on the steep sides of a mountain.
5．On_behalf_of my company, I would like to welcome you here.
6．We left_for the station so early as to catch the first train.
7．When he retired, his eldest son took_over the company.
8．If she isn't up_to the job, she'll just have to leave.
9．If you get_tired_of working there, you can come to my company.
10．You will end up in_debt if you keep on spending money like that.
[本单元语言点温故练习]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He is a university student and majors in chemistry.So it is with his younger brother.
2．His wonderful performances appeal to all ages and social groups in China.
3．The sudden weather change led to the delay of the project and great losses.
4．What made my sister upset was that up to five hundred graduates had applied the job she wanted.
5．A study shows that many passengers basically (basic) have no consciousness that they should wear a seat belt.
6．We have taken effective (effect) measures to preserve our natural resources.
7．The company is fortunate to have such highly skilled (skill) workers.
8．The drug is suspected of causing over 200 deaths.
9．This disturbing (disturb) news really upset me so that I couldn't sleep well.
10．This is just what we have long sought (seek) for.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．I hope that all the people can live a healthy life for_all_time (永远)．
2．It has been found that smoking does have_an_effect_on_the_health (对健康有影响) of the smokers.
3．Many people are_said_to_be_infected_with_diseases (据说被疾病感染) involved with pollution.
4．It depends_on (取决于) whether they have enough experience.
5．The police appealed_to_people_to_drive_slowly (呼吁人们开得慢点) during the rush hours.
6．Never get_tired_of_doing_little_things (厌烦做小事) for others. Sometimes those things occupy the biggest part of their hearts.
7．I have to delete some useless files, because the new files will_take_up_a_lot_of_disk_space (将会占去磁盘许多空间)．
8．The discovery of new evidence led_to_the_thief_being_caught (导致窃贼被抓了)．
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Buying folk art paintings has been a passion of mine. I found some pieces recently. The problem was that I could only afford one and I was having trouble in deciding which one to buy.
The first painting was a work of Bill Dodge. He created it in 1962 and named it FirstTrolleyToVanNuys. The painting shows the center of a town, with a lot of people in the windows and on the street.
Thomas Chambers is one of America's most famous folk artists. The painting of him shows a fishing scene with villagers and boats. It may have great value in the future. But it doesn't suit my taste.
Another folk art piece was painted by Rev.Howard Finster in 1988. It is titled Howardin 1944. The smile on this portrait is very engaging (迷人的) and it makes me smile just as big.
AlligatorFisher is a folk art painting created in 1940. The blue of the bayou (海湾) is very calming and the trees give it a very Southern feel. There is a house in the painting and I like this one very much. It reminds me of Louisiana, where I was born.
ALetterfromMyMother is one that I found during a journey. The look on the girl's face is so serious and sad. The painting itself is great; it just makes me feel sad. I had no idea where this folk art painting should hang.
At last, I decided to buy the one that can give me a good mood every day. What is more important than a good mood?
1．What do we know about the folk art painting by Bill Dodge?
A．It is a portrait of the painter.
B．Not many houses can be seen in it.
C．It was created in the middle of 1960s.
D．It tells something about people's life in a town.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第二段的“The painting shows the center of a town, with a lot of people in the windows and on the street.”可知这幅画展示了一个小镇上的生活片段。
2．As for the painting by Thomas Chambers, the author didn't ________.
A．know where it was created
B．think it would be valuable
C．think it was suitable for him/her
D．know what its meaning was
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第三段的“But it doesn't suit my taste.”可知作者不是很喜欢这幅画。
3．How did the author most probably feel about the painting AlligatorFisher?
A．Calm. B．Scared.
C．Surprised. D．Unhappy.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第五段的“The blue of the bayou (海湾) is very calming”可推断作者看到画中这片海湾时应该感到很平静。
4．What was the problem with ALetterfromMyMother?
A．It cost too much. B．It was upsetting.
C．It wasn't well painted. D．It was too large.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“The painting itself is great; it just makes me feel sad.”可知这幅画的问题就是看起来让人难过。
Ⅱ.语法填空
Caitlin Adams is an 18-year-old young girl. She is kind-hearted and enjoys __1__ (help) others. A few weeks ago, she __2__ (finish) a 410-mile run across the state of Maryland.
When Caitlin was __3__ junior in high school, the word prosthetics kept repeating itself over and over __4__ her mind. She had no idea what the word meant. She looked it up in the dictionary and learned it had something to do with an artificial limb (假肢). She had started to run then and it hit her how lucky it is __5__ (have) two legs. She met people who needed artificial limbs and talked with them. She wanted to do something to make a __6__ (different) and help such people live __7__ (well). So she decided to use her running ability to make it happen.
The run at first __8__ (arrange) to be 390 miles long, but Caitlin ended up running over 400 miles in just a little over a month. Through her effort, Caitlin has now raised over $22,000 __9__ she announced her plan to run back in January on Facebook. The money she raised was very __10__ (use) and she has funded eight prosthetic limbs for people with disabilities.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
答案：1.helping 2.finished 3.a 4.in 5.to have
6．difference 7.better 8.was arranged 9.since
10．useful
课件46张PPT。Section Ⅴ Writing 英文日记
日记作为一种常见的应用文形式，主要是用来记录作者近日经历的事情，在此基础上，作者还要发表自己对这件事情的看法和理解，这样才能突出写日记的本质所在。
一、基本结构
1．标题
标题可分成两类：一是注明日记的来源，如A Page from Tom's Diary/One Diary Record from Churchill；二是概括日记的内容，如The Travel to the Chinatown。标题有时可省略。
2．时间和天气情况
时间通常写在正文的左上角。它们的写作顺序必须符合英文习惯，如December 8th, 2015, Tuesday。天气情况应该写在正文的右上角。
3．正文
正文一般用第一人称。由于日记的内容涉及个人经历，所以作者会不可避免地产生一些与之相关的感情。为此，作者要擅长通过主观性的词语(组)来增添日记语言的情感性。
4．时态
在日记中，动词多用过去时态；但当表示习惯性动作、客观事实、普遍真理、名言或谚语时，可以使用一般现在时；当发表自己的感想、打算、期望或决心时，可以使用一般将来时。
二、增分佳句
1．表示天气状况的形容词：
fine, sunny, rainy, snowy, windy, cloudy, showery (阵雨), hot, cold等。
2．叙述经过
(1)on one's way home/to school
(2)．.. be doing ... when ...
3．表达感受
(1)From ..., I learned ...
(2)set a(n) ... example
(3)be ready to help others
4．表达先后顺序
at first，then，later on，soon，afterwards，finally，at last 等。
[题目要求]
假如你随一个中学生代表团去英国访问，期间你们参观了英国伦敦郊区的一个名叫Camden Town的小镇，请你把参观过程写成一篇日记。内容包括：
1．到达小镇的时间； 2.你对小镇的印象；
3．小镇的建筑物； 4.你们第二天的计划。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第一步：审题构思很关键
一、审题
1．确定体裁：本文为一篇英文日记；
2．确定中心人称：本文主要人称为第一、三人称；
3．确定主体时态：以一般过去时为主。
二、构思
第一部分：概括今天过得很愉快，卡姆登镇给我留下了深刻的印象。
第二部分：记叙当天的参观过程。
第三部分：说明第二天的计划，认为那又是令人愉快的一天。
第二步：核心词汇想周全
1．architecture 建筑
2．leave_a_deep_impression_on 给……留下深刻印象
3．be_different_from 与……不同
4．pay_a_visit_to 参观
第三步：由词扩句雏形现
1．今天早上，吃过早饭后，我们乘公共汽车去了卡姆登镇。(时间状语从句)
This_morning,_after_we_had_breakfast,_we started to go to Camden Town by bus.
2．我们到达的时候是八点钟。(强调句型)
It_was_eight_o'clock_when_we_arrived._
3．这个小镇干净、整洁，与我以前在其他地方见过的小镇很不一样。(what宾语从句)
The town was clean and tidy.It was quite different from what_I_had_seen_in_
other_places_before.
4．短暂休息后，在剩下的时间里，我们参观了这个小镇。(pay a visit to)
After_a_short_break,_we_paid_a_visit_to_the_town_in_the_time_left._
5．奇怪的是，它们搭配得如此巧妙，你甚至感觉它们就像一幅画一样。(match；宾语从句)
Strangely_enough,_they_match_each_other_very_well.You_even_feel_they_make_a_beautiful_picture.
6．明天我们会去参观当地的一所中学，而且会与那里的学生们举行一次聚会。(be to visit)
Tomorrow_we_are_to_visit_a_local_middle_school.We'll_have_a_party_with_the_students_there.
第四步：句式升级造亮点
1．用which引导的定语从句改写句3
The_town_which_was_clean_and_tidy_was_quite_different_from what I had seen in other places before.
2．用so ... that ...引导的结果状语从句改写句5
Strangely_enough,_they_match_each_other_so_well_that you even feel they make a beautiful picture.
3．用where引导的定语从句改写句6
Tomorrow_we_are_to_visit_a_local_middle_school,_where we'll have a party with the students.
第五步：过渡衔接联成篇
April 14th, Thursday Fine
We had a wonderful time today. Camden Town left a deep impression on me.
This morning, after we had breakfast, we started to go to Camden Town by bus. It was eight o'clock when we arrived. The town which was clean and tidy was quite different from what I had seen in other places before. The people here were friendly and kind. After a short break, we paid a visit to the town in the time left. The architecture is astonishing. There are both high buildings and old-style houses. Strangely enough, they match each other so well that you even feel they make a beautiful picture.
Tomorrow we are to visit a local middle school, where we'll have a party with the students.I think it will be another pleasant day for all of us.
课件15张PPT。单元加餐练（一）~（二）完形阅读组合练
加餐练(一) 完形阅读组合练
Ⅰ.完形填空
Sometimes people around you can change your life. The change may not be sudden or __1__， but little habits can produce big __2__ that make you think about what is important in your life. The person who changed my life is Julia Masi. She has __3__ me so many things that I will carry with me __4__ my life.
One thing I've learned from Julia is how to balance __5__. Julia has shown me how to __6__ ahead so that I can finish all my school work, enjoy sports and __7__ have time for my friends. She has taught me that you can do anything if you are __8__ and if you never give up. I've also learned that you can find anything fun or __9__ if you connect it with something that you enjoy.
Last year I hated studying vocabulary, but I loved playing on my computer. Julia __10__ the two and showed me a website called “freerice.com” where you can __11__ a word game that gives you 5 grains of rice to donate to the poor with every correct word. She __12__ me to learn a hundred new __13__ by filling up the rice bowl. I liked playing the game so much that I __14__ about 1,000 words in just one month.
Julia has always __15__ me to try new hobbies. She showed me that going to the theater could help me become a better writer. __16__， she taught me that discussing a play can excite an interest in reading.
__17__ it wasn't for Julia I probably wouldn't have __18__ how easy it is to help the poor. There are so many ways that one person can __19__. I've learned to be more appreciative of what I own. I am __20__ for the opportunities that I have been given. I will continue to think of ways to help those less fortunate for the rest of my life.
1．A.simple B．impressive
C．necessary D．slight
解析：选B 由上文中的“The change may not be sudden”以及文中的描述可知，这种变化可能不那么突然或者“令人印象深刻(impressive)”。
2．A.results B．problems
C．ideas D．decisions
解析：选C 由下文中的“make you think about what is important in your life”可知，小习惯会带来大“想法(ideas)”，让你思考生活中最重要的是什么。
3．A.taught B．served
C．offered D．bought
解析：选A 由下段中的“One thing I've learned from Julia”可知，朱莉娅“教(taught)”了“我”很多东西，“我”将“毕生(throughout my life)”铭记。
4．A.for B．of
C．throughout D．into
解析：选C 参见上题解析。
5．A.work B．money
C．career D．time
解析：选D 由下文中的“Julia has shown me how to ... have time for my friends.”可知，朱莉娅教会“我”如何平衡“时间(time)”。
6．A.plan B．get
C．move D．stay
解析：选A 由该句中的“so that I can finish all my school work ... have time for my friends”可知，朱莉娅教“我”要提前“计划(plan)”，这样，“我”就能做完功课、进行体育活动、“还(still)”有时间和朋友在一起。
7．A.never B．seldom
C．yet D．still
解析：选D 参见上题解析。
8．A.excited B．determined
C．careful D．patient
解析：选B 由下文中的“if you never give up”可知，她教“我”如果你“有决心(determined)”、不放弃，那你就能做成任何事。
9．A.important B．easy
C．possible D．interesting
解析：选D 由上文中的“anything fun”可知，“我”还认识到，如果你把你正在做的事情和你喜欢的事情联系在一起，你就会发现你正在做的事情很“有趣(interesting)”。
10．A.shared B．remembered
C．combined D．separated
解析：选C 由下文的描述可知，朱莉娅把记单词和玩电脑“结合(combined)”在一起。
11．A.watch B．play
C．raise D．improve
解析：选B 由下文中的“I liked playing the game”可知，在这个网站，你可以“玩(play)”一个单词游戏。
12．A.challenged B．invited
C．permitted D．reminded
解析：选A 朱莉娅“向我挑战(challenged)”，如果“我”学到一百个“单词(words)”，就可以把捐给穷人的米碗装满。
13．A.lessons B．skills
C．words D．stories
解析：选C 参见上题解析。
14．A.learned B．read
C．used D．spelled
解析：选A “我”非常喜欢这个游戏，以至于“我”在一个月内“学会(learned)”了大约一千个单词。
15．A.allowed B．warned
C．forced D．encouraged
解析：选D 由下文中的“She showed me that going to the theater could help me become a better writer.”可知，她经常“鼓励(encouraged)”“我”去尝试培养新的爱好。
16．A.Therefore B．Besides
C．However D．Otherwise
解析：选B 上下句之间是递进关系，故用“此外(Besides)”。
17．A.Unless B．Since
C．Although D．If
解析：选D “如果(If)”不是朱莉娅的话，“我”可能不会“意识到(realized)”帮助穷人是多么简单的事情。
18．A.realized B．noticed
C．imagined D．dreamed
解析：选A 参见上题解析。
19．A.turn away B．make a difference
C．show off D．make a mistake
解析：选B 由文中的描述可知，每个人都可以“有所作为(make a difference)”。turn away“拒绝”；show off“炫耀”；make a mistake“犯错误”。
20．A.ready B．sorry
C．thankful D．anxious
解析：选C 由上文中的“be more appreciative of what I own”可知，“我”很“感激(thankful)”曾经给予我的机会。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
When you're surfing the Internet on your laptop from your dorm or home, do you know your personal details are being gathered secretly? And would you be surprised to know the information may be sold cheaply to advertisers and marketers?
According to an investigation by The Wall Street Journal, all it takes is a tiny file in a computer — a single code consisting of a long series of numbers and letters — to record the computer user's age, gender, location, favorite movies and hobbies.
The newspaper reports that Lotame Solutions Inc., a New York company，uses sophisticated (高科技) software called a “beacon”to capture what people are typing on a website.
Lotame packages that data into profiles(个人资料) about individuals, only without their names, and sells the profiles to companies seeking customers. Batches of such data may be sold for a few dollars.
The Wall Street Journal survey discovered that spying on Internet users is one of the fastest-growing businesses on the World Wide Web.
The “cookie” — a tiny text file put on your PC by websites or marketing firms which might be used to remember your preferences for one site, or to track you across many sites is already old news. There are new and more complex tools such as “beacons” which scan in real time what people are doing on a webpage. These beacons instantly assess the Internet user's location, income, shopping interests and even medical conditions.
Millions of Internet users around the world also face unprecedented (空前的) threats. Private, sensitive, personal and business information is being gathered and sold without their knowing.
Companies insist the information they gather is anonymous and the data is used harmlessly. But the technology has grown so powerful that even some of the biggest websites in the US don't know that they were installing intrusive files on visitors' computers. These include MSN.com and Yahoo.com.
Next time you visit a webpage and find an ad banner advertising something you've been planning to buy, don't be amazed that your computer can read your mind.
语篇解读：经常上网的人可能都遇到过这样的情况：浏览网页时总是跳出一些广告，内容还都是你最近想买的商品。别误会，你的电脑还没智能到能读懂你的想法，是因为你的个人信息被泄露了！想知道这是怎么一回事吗？
1．The purpose of the passage is to ________.
A．introduce a tiny file in a computer — a single code
B．show how your individual information was let out when you surf the Internet
C．show how to protect your privacy
D．introduce a sophisticated software called a “beacon”
解析：选B 主旨大意题。本文介绍了上网时，你的个人信息被别人收集并且被出售。故选择B项。
2．It can be inferred that ________.
A．because the data is used harmlessly, the Internet users around the world will not face threats
B．when a person surfs the Internet, his personal details may be let out without his knowing
C．your computer can really read your mind
D．MSN.com and Yahoo.com use software to capture what people are typing on a website
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第一段以及下文可知，当一个人上网时，他的信息有可能在自己不知道的情况下泄露或被别人出售。
3．According to the passage，“beacon” ________.
A．is a tiny text file put on your PC by websites
B．is software that can package that data into profiles about individuals
C．can assess the Internet user's location, income, shopping interests and even medical conditions
D．is not more complex than the “cookie”
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第六段中的“These beacons instantly assess the Internet user's location, income, shopping interests and even medical conditions.”可知选C。
4．What's the writer's attitude to this problem?
A．Neutral. B．Worried.
C．Optimistic. D．Indifferent.
解析：选B 观点态度题。根据文章倒数第三段内容可知，作者指出互联网用户面临着空前的威胁。所以，可以推断作者对这个问题非常担心。故选B。
加餐练(二) 第Ⅱ卷规范增分练
Ⅰ.语法填空
A couple lived alone after their children moved away. At first, they lived in sadness as they had no one else to talk to. But later they learned to find joy in life.
One day, the laundry needed to __1__ (do). While the wife was busy __2__ (fill) the washing machine and taking the clean clothes out to be hung on the line to dry, the husband was planning __3__ trick.
Since the clothesline was right __4__ a second-floor window, the husband __5__ (decide) to use this window to play the trick. Therefore, he got a bucket full of cold water, carried it to the second-floor window, and poured the entire bucket of water over his wife below who was __6__ (total) unaware of his plan.
When the wife looked up, instead of __7__ (get) angry, she laughed. She ran upstairs and tried to catch her husband. Both of __8__ (they) laughed happily like two little kids.
The couple knew that __9__ they didn't do something to amuse themselves, they'd live a very lonely life. Luckily, they knew how to bring __10__ (laugh) into their lives. Similarly, we should also follow their example — to find ways to amuse ourselves.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
答案：1.be done 2.filling 3.a 4.below 5.decided
6．totally 7.getting 8.them 9.if 10.laughter
Ⅱ.短文改错
My mom and dad often gave me surprises. Last night, they were surprised me again. After I came back, I saw somebody at home, but I found a note on the table, what led to the second, then the third, and then the fourth ... And it became more and more difficulty to find the following notes although the hints on the notes became harder to figure out. However, I loved the game. At the end, I found the gift that my parent prepared for me. It was the photo album, in which I saw many photos that my mom and dad taken of me.
答案：第一句：gave→give
第二句：去掉were
第三句：somebody→nobody; what→which
第四句：difficulty→difficult; although→because
第六句：At→In; parent→parents
第七句：the→a; dad后加had
Ⅲ.书面表达
你班于昨天(周六)组织同学们去海边游玩。请你根据以下提示内容，写一篇英语日记，记叙这次游玩的过程。
1．游玩的地点：海边
2．出行方式：乘坐校车
3．过程：(1)早上八点从学校出发；
(2)一小时后到达海边；
(3)拍照；玩沙子；
(4)乘坐游船去猴岛看猴子；
(5)海边吃午饭，下午5点开始返回。
要求：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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参考范文：
May 7 SaturdaySunny
I went on a trip to the seaside today with my classmates and teachers.
We set out at eight o'clock from our school by school bus and we got to the seaside one hour later. As soon as we got off the bus, we started to scream with great excitement. Some of us took photos; others played with the sand on the beach. The most exciting thing was that we took a cruise ship to Monkey Island to see the monkeys. We fed them with bananas, which made them happy. We enjoyed our lunch by the seaside and the sea breeze was very cool. We headed back at five in the afternoon.
What a great day! I hope such trips should be arranged regularly because they can help students relax.
课时跟踪练(一) Introduction & Reading — Pre reading
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Michelangelo Buonarroti was born in Caprese, Italy on March 6,1475.He was still young when his family moved to Florence where
Michelangelo grew up. His mother died when he was only six years old. Growing up in Florence during the Italian Renaissance was the perfect stage of young Michelangelo's life. Even as a child all he wanted to do was painting and to be an artist.
At the age of thirteen, he went to learn from Domenico Ghirlandaio, who was not only a painter but also an artist. Michelangelo's talents became apparent as he worked for Domenico. Within a year or so Domenico sent him to the powerful Medici family to continue his training under the sculptor (雕刻家) Bertoldo di Geovanni. Michelangelo was able to work with some of the finest artists and philosophers of the time. During the next few years, Michelangelo produced many famous sculptures including Madonna of the Steps, Battle of the Centaurs and Bacchus.
In 1496 Michelangelo moved to Rome. A year later he was asked to make a sculpture called The Pieta. It would become one of the masterpieces of Renaissance art. Today this sculpture sits in St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican. It is the only piece of art that Michelangelo signed.
Michelangelo's fame (名声) as a great artist began to grow. He returned to Florence and was asked to create a large statue of David. It took him a couple of years to finish the giant statue. The piece of marble (大理石) he began with was very tall and thin. Many people didn't think he could do much with it. He worked without letting anyone see it until it was finished. David became Michelangelo's most famous work of art. It is thirteen feet tall and is the largest statue made since Ancient Rome. It is considered by many experts in art to be a nearly perfect sculpture. Today the statue sits at the Academy of Fine Arts in Florence, Italy.
语篇解读：米开朗基罗是意大利文艺复兴时期著名的艺术家，本文向我们介绍了一些他的生平事迹。
1.What can we learn about Michelangelo as a young child?
A．He lived a very hard life.
B．He showed great interest in art.
C．He wanted to go to Florence very much.
D．He didn't have much time to learn painting.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第一段的“Even as a child all he wanted to do was painting and to be an artist”可推断，米开朗基罗小时候就对艺术很感兴趣。
2．Michelangelo was sent to work under the sculptor Bertoldo di Geovanni most probably because________.
A．Michelangelo had lost his interest in painting
B．Domenico didn't think Michelangelo had a gift for
painting
C．Bertoldo di Geovanni offered to show Michelangelo
sculptures
D．Domenico wanted Michelangelo to make better use of his gift there
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第二段的“Michelangelo's talents became apparent as he worked ... the sculptor (雕刻家) Bertoldo di Geovanni.”可推断，Domenico 是为了米开朗基罗能更好地利用自己的天赋才把他送到Bertoldo di Geovanni 那里去工作的。
3．What sculpture by Michelangelo will you see in St.Peter's Basilica?
A．Bacchus.
B．The Pieta.
C．Madonna of the Steps.
D．Battle of the Centaurs.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第三段的“A year later he was asked to make a sculpture called The Pieta. It would become one of the masterpieces of Renaissance art. Today this sculpture sits in St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican.”可知，应选B。
4．When Michelangelo began his work on creating a large statue of David, many people________.
A．couldn't wait to make fun of his work
B．thought he would finish it within months
C．knew it would be his most famous work of art
D．didn't think he would make good use of it
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第四段的“Many people didn't think he could do much with it.”可知，一开始很多人认为那块大理石不适合雕刻那个作品。
B
Leonardo da Vinci, the son of a local lawyer, was born on 15 April 1452 near the Tuscan town of Vinci. He was apprenticed (做学徒) to the sculptor and painter Andrea del Verrocchio in Florence and in 1478 became an independent master. In about 1483, he moved to Milan to work for the ruling (统治的) Sforza family as an engineer, sculptor, painter and architect.
Leonardo was in Milan until the city was invaded by the French in 1499 and the Sforza family was forced to flee. He may have visited Venice before returning to Florence. During his time in Florence, he painted several portraits, but the only one that survives is the famous portrait — the Mona Lisa (1503～1506).
In 1506, Leonardo returned to Milan, staying there until 1513.This was followed by three years living in Rome. In 1517, at the invitation of the French King Francis Ⅰ， Leonardo moved to the Chateau of Cloux, near Amboise in France, where he died on 2 May, 1519.
The fame of Leonardo's surviving paintings means that he has been regarded primarily as an artist, but the thousands of surviving pages of his notebooks show the most brilliant mind. He wrote and drew on subjects including geology, anatomy (解剖学), which he studied in order to paint the human form more exactly. He “invented” the bicycle, airplane, helicopter, and parachute some 500 years ahead of their time.
If all these works had been published in an understandable form, Leonardo's place as a pioneering scientist would have been beyond debate. Yet his true genius was not as a scientist or an artist, but as a combination of the two: an artist-engineer. His painting was scientific, based on a deep understanding of the workings of the human body and the physics of light and shade. His science was expressed through art, and his drawings and diagrams showed what he meant, and how he understood the world worked.
5．Leonardo's career reached its peak probably during his stay in ________.
A．Milan B．Venice
C．Florence D．Rome
解析：选C 推理判断题。从文章第二段最后一句可知，达·芬奇在Florence期间创作了很多绘画，其中留下来的只有《蒙娜·丽莎》，由此推断，这个时期是他事业的巅峰。
6．Why did Leonardo study anatomy?
A．He wanted to be a doctor.
B．He had strong interest in it.
C．He wanted to invent other objects.
D．He wanted to paint the human form exactly.
解析：选D 细节理解题。从文章倒数第二段可知，达·芬奇研究解剖学的目的是为了更加精确地描绘人体。
7．What does the last paragraph intend to tell us?
A．Leonardo had a special way of painting.
B．Leonardo was both an artist and a scientist.
C．Leonardo was an artist instead of a scientist.
D．Leonardo was more of a scientist than an artist.
解析：选B 段落大意题。综合文章最后一段，本段主要强调达·芬奇是画家和科学家的融合，既是画家也是科学家。
C
Are people less happy or more happy the older they get? If you answered more happy, then you were right, based on a study pu
blished two years ago. It found that people generally become happier and experience less worry after the age of fifty. In fact, it found that by the age of eighty-five, people are happier with their life than they were at eighteen.
The findings came from a Gallup survey of more than three hundred forty thousand adults in the United States in 2011. At that time, the people were between the ages of eighteen and eighty-five.
Arthur Stone in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science at Stony Brook University in New York led the study. His team found that levels of stress were highest among adults between the ages of twenty-two and twenty-five. Stress levels dropped sharply after people reached their fifties.
Happiness was highest among the youngest adults and those in their early seventies. But the people least likely to report feeling negative emotions were those in their seventies and eighties.
The survey also found that men and women have similar emotional patterns as they grow older. However, women at all ages reported more sadness, stress and worry than men did.
The researchers also considered possible influences like having young children, being unemployed or being single. But they found that influences like these did not affect the levels of happiness and well-being related to age.
So why would happiness increase with age? One theory is that, as people get older, they become more thankful for what they have and have better control of their emotions. They also spend less time thinking about bad experiences.
The findings appeared in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
8．How does this passage introduce the topic?
A．By giving examples.
B．By offering the concept of happiness.
C．By making a survey.
D．By asking and answering a question.
解析：选D 写作手法题。由第一段可知本文通过提出问题并回答问题的形式引出话题。
9．Which of the following is TRUE about the study led by Arthur Stone?
A．Levels of stress increase as one gets older.
B．People feel happiest when they are fifties.
C．People become happier as they get older.
D．Most of the people in their seventies and eighties feel happy.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第四段的最后一句“But the people least likely to report feeling negative emotions were those in their seventies and eighties.”可知这项研究表明，七八十岁的老人大多很快乐。
10．What is the possible reason why happiness would increase with age?
A．People will do less work.
B．People become more grateful and control their emotions better.
C．Their children have all grown up.
D．People won't be afraid of losing jobs.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句“One theory is that, as people get older, they become more thankful for what they have and have better control of their emotions.”可知随着年龄的增长，幸福感在增强。这是因为人们变老会对所拥有的更懂得感激，并能更好地控制个人情绪。
11．The author's attitude towards study is ________.
A．negative B．objective
C．pessimistic D．optimistic
解析：选B 观点态度题。作者在本文中主要是客观地介绍了一项研究结果。objective“客观的”。negative“否定的”；pessimistic“悲观的”；optimistic“乐观的”。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
4 Hidden But Powerful Qualities of Successful Students
It is essential to be a lifelong learner in order to move ahead in life. __1__ However, if people continue some of the good habits right from the student life, mastering any skills and getting ahead will become much easier. Here are four habits that good students have.
They are curious. Ask any successful person in this world and they will tell you that the first way they started any worthwhile project was by getting curious. This is the most understated (朴素的) yet essential quality for getting ahead in life. __2__ Therefore, start with being curious about subjects and absorbing information as it is presented to you.
They observe. When you are curious about any work, observe how it is being done. __3__ Observe how successful decisions are made. After observing, you have to apply those lessons to yourself and get feedback. If you are a student, observe how the successful students in your class do, and how their habits are different from your own. Once you have observed these differences, you should know exactly where to start.
__4__ Learning a new language, studying a new subject, or learning about a career all takes discipline. You can only master something with continuous effort. Some good students stick to a schedule, like setting aside a specific number of hours per day to study.
They take action. __5__ You can only read so many books about swimming until you simply have to jump in the pool. When you take action, you learn a lot more than you learn by just reading or listening. Even if you act without thinking, you learn a lot about the subject compared to everyone else who just reads.
A．They ask questions.
B．They control their own behavior.
C．Curiosity leads to discovery and new ideas.
D．The most effective way to learn is by doing.
E．Watch how mistakes are made, and corrected.
F．But there will be times when you don't feel like doing anything.
G．Unfortunately, we stop formal learning after we complete school or college.
答案：1～5 GCEBD
课时跟踪练(三) Other Parts of the Module
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
[本课语言点针对练习]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The beggar sat outside the building asking passersby (过路人) for money.
2．He sought (寻求) every opportunity to find the job he had wanted.
3．The rural (乡村的) scenery was so beautiful that he decided to stay one more week.
4．The few hours I spent in the library had brought back my old passion (激情) for reading.
5．He's in debt (债务) to the bank because he bought that big house.
6．She counts among the most gifted (有天赋的) of the current generation of composers.
7．When a child has become conditioned to life in a city , he may feel quite at a loss (损失) in any other environment.
8．Since the early age of the computer's favorite, so I chose the IT profession (职业)．
9．I feel nervous about the outcome(结果) of the experiment.
10．A knowledge of economics is fundamental (根本) to any understanding of this problem.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Depend on that we won't give up.on后加it
2．Tom hasn't finished his paper; so has his twin brother.so→neither
3．We were ready to take the blame of what had happened.of→for
4．After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane took in a job in the countryside.第二个in→up
5．The police appealed the public to be alert to burglar at night.appealed后加to
Ⅲ.选词填空
in history， leave for， leave behind， on behalf of， at liberty， up to， in debt， take over， lead to， get tired of
1.You are not at_liberty to leave without permission.
2．The Olympics were not held because of world wars for 3 times in_history.
3．If you don't keep up with the times, you'll get left_behind.
4．The path led_to a tiny village situated on the steep sides of a mountain.
5．On_behalf_of my company, I would like to welcome you here.
6．We left_for the station so early as to catch the first train.
7．When he retired, his eldest son took_over the company.
8．If she isn't up_to the job, she'll just have to leave.
9．If you get_tired_of working there, you can come to my company.
10．You will end up in_debt if you keep on spending money like that.
[本单元语言点温故练习]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He is a university student and majors in chemistry.So it is with his younger brother.
2．His wonderful performances appeal to all ages and social groups in China.
3．The sudden weather change led to the delay of the project and great losses.
4．What made my sister upset was that up to five hundred graduates had applied the job she wanted.
5．A study shows that many passengers basically (basic) have no consciousness that they should wear a seat belt.
6．We have taken effective (effect) measures to preserve our natural resources.
7．The company is fortunate to have such highly skilled (skill) workers.
8．The drug is suspected of causing over 200 deaths.
9．This disturbing (disturb) news really upset me so that I couldn't sleep well.
10．This is just what we have long sought (seek) for.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．I hope that all the people can live a healthy life for_all_time (永远)．
2．It has been found that smoking does have_an_effect_on_the_health (对健康有影响) of the smokers.
3．Many people are_said_to_be_infected_with_diseases (据说被疾病感染) involved with pollution.
4．It depends_on (取决于) whether they have enough experience.
5．The police appealed_to_people_to_drive_slowly (呼吁人们开得慢点) during the rush hours.
6．Never get_tired_of_doing_little_things (厌烦做小事) for others. Sometimes those things occupy the biggest part of their hearts.
7．I have to delete some useless files, because the new files will_take_up_a_lot_of_disk_space (将会占去磁盘许多空间)．
8．The discovery of new evidence led_to_the_thief_being_caught (导致窃贼被抓了)．
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Buying folk art paintings has been a passion of mine. I found some pieces recently. The problem was that I could only afford one and I was having trouble in deciding which one to buy.
The first painting was a work of Bill Dodge. He created it in 1962 and named it First Trolley To Van Nuys. The painting shows the center of a town, with a lot of people in the windows and on the street.
Thomas Chambers is one of America's most famous folk artists. The painting of him shows a fishing scene with villagers and boats. It may have great value in the future. But it doesn't suit my taste.
Another folk art piece was painted by Rev.Howard Finster in 1988. It is titled Howard in 1944. The smile on this portrait is very engaging (迷人的) and it makes me smile just as big.
Alligator Fisher is a folk art painting created in 1940. The blue of the bayou (海湾) is very calming and the trees give it a very Southern feel. There is a house in the painting and I like this one very much. It reminds me of Louisiana, where I was born.
A Letter from My Mother is one that I found during a journey. The look on the girl's face is so serious and sad. The painting itself is great; it just makes me feel sad. I had no idea where this folk art painting should hang.
At last, I decided to buy the one that can give me a good mood every day. What is more important than a good mood?
1．What do we know about the folk art painting by Bill Dodge?
A．It is a portrait of the painter.
B．Not many houses can be seen in it.
C．It was created in the middle of 1960s.
D．It tells something about people's life in a town.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第二段的“The painting shows the center of a town, with a lot of people in the windows and on the street.”可知这幅画展示了一个小镇上的生活片段。
2．As for the painting by Thomas Chambers, the author didn't ________.
A．know where it was created
B．think it would be valuable
C．think it was suitable for him/her
D．know what its meaning was
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第三段的“But it doesn't suit my taste.”可知作者不是很喜欢这幅画。
3．How did the author most probably feel about the painting Alligator Fisher?
A．Calm. B．Scared.
C．Surprised. D．Unhappy.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第五段的“The blue of the bayou (海湾) is very calming”可推断作者看到画中这片海湾时应该感到很平静。
4．What was the problem with A Letter from My Mother?
A．It cost too much. B．It was upsetting.
C．It wasn't well painted. D．It was too large.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“The painting itself is great; it just makes me feel sad.”可知这幅画的问题就是看起来让人难过。
Ⅱ.语法填空
Caitlin Adams is an 18-year-old young girl. She is kind-hearted and enjoys __1__ (help) others. A few weeks ago, she __2__ (finish) a 410-mile run across the state of Maryland.
When Caitlin was __3__ junior in high school, the word prosthetics kept repeating itself over and over __4__ her mind. She had no idea what the word meant. She looked it up in the dictionary and learned it had something to do with an artificial limb (假肢). She had started to run then and it hit her how lucky it is __5__ (have) two legs. She met people who needed artificial limbs and talked with them. She wanted to do something to make a __6__ (different) and help such people live __7__ (well). So she decided to use her running ability to make it happen.
The run at first __8__ (arrange) to be 390 miles long, but Caitlin ended up running over 400 miles in just a little over a month. Through her effort, Caitlin has now raised over $22,000 __9__ she announced her plan to run back in January on Facebook. The money she raised was very __10__ (use) and she has funded eight prosthetic limbs for people with disabilities.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
答案：1.helping 2.finished 3.a 4.in 5.to have
6．difference 7.better 8.was arranged 9.since
10．useful
课时跟踪练(二) Introduction & Reading — Language Points
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I was deeply disturbed (打扰) and depressed by the news that Tom hadn't won the game.
2．There's a great need for a new book on the subject (主题)．
3．Were it not for music, life would be dull (枯燥的)．
4．It is well known that alcoholic drink can have a bad effect (影响) on your body.
5．Your support has always given me added inspiration and motivation (动机)．
6．Demand for skilled (有技巧的) workers is high; but there is no demand for unskilled ones.
7．The young writer learned a great deal from the works (著作) by masters in literature.
8．We were so worn out after the long walk in the sun that I suggested a rest in the shade (阴凉处)．
9．Basically (大体上来说), I agree with your advice on the plan. But there are a few details I'd like to discuss with you.
10．The frontiers (新领域) of medical knowledge are being pushed forwards as time goes on.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．He said he graduated from Oxford, while in the effect, he never went to college.去掉the
2．You'll find this map of great valuable in helping you to get round London.valuable→value
3．She said to have been teaching English for over twenty years.said前加is
4．It is generally accepted that people motivated by success.motivated前加are
5．The fast train to London takes more than an hour, or rather 55 minutes.more→less
Ⅲ.选词填空
take effect， wake up， hand in hand， contrast with， in short， more than， as if， compared with
1.This idea hit me when I woke_up this morning.
2．In_short,_the solution to all our problems lies in economic development.
3．Compared_with a quite ordinary star, like the sun, the earth is small indeed.
4．This cold weather contrasts_with last week's heat.
5．The changes will not take_effect until the computer restarts.
6．His talent for writing goes hand_in_hand with his love of literature.
7．She looked as_if nothing had happened to her.
8．It took them more_than one billion dollars to complete the project.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
The Renaissance, a French word 1.meaning (mean) “rebirth”， appeared in the English language in the 19th century. 2.It described a period of exploration and the beginning of the modern world. From Italy, it spread all over Europe 3.where artists found new ideas for their work in classical Greece and Rome. They also opened new 4.frontiers (frontier) in the arts such as painters' use of perspective and the effects of light. The sense of exploration which motivated the artists also developed together 5.with a new type of philosophy. Besides, it was also a time of scientific 6.invention (invent), when Leonardo, the extraordinary genius, did a lot in the 7.scientific (science) research. In short, the Renaissance made great contributions 8.to the development of Europe.
Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达
李老师不仅(more than)是我的老师，也是我的朋友。他经常激励(motivate)我努力学习。然而，我上次考试不及格，这使我感到不安(disturbed)，我也因此遭受失眠的影响(effect)。几天后，李老师叫我课后去他办公室，在那儿，他并没有批评我而是帮助我分析如何改正错误(how to do)。我想有李老师帮助我，我下次考试能考得好一些。
Mr_Li_is_more_than_my_teacher,_he_is_also_my_friend.He_often_motivates_me_to_work_hard.However,_I_failed_in_the_last_exam,_which_made_me_disturbed_and_I_suffered_from_the_effects_of_little_sleep.A_few_days_later,_Mr_Li_asked_me_to_go_to_his_office_after_class,_where_he_didn't_criticize_me_but_helped_me_analyze_how_to_correct_my_mistakes.I_think_I_can_do_better_in_the_next_exam_with_Mr_Li_helping_me.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.完形填空
Thinking “Out of the Box”
Long ago in an Italian town, a merchant had the misfortune of owing much money to a moneylender. The moneylender，old and ugly, __1__ the merchant's beautiful daughter, so he put forward a bargain. He said he would __2__ the merchant's debt if he could marry the daughter. Both the merchant and his daughter were frightened by the __3__.
The moneylender said he would put a black and a white pebbles (石子) into a(n) __4__ bag. The girl would then have to __5__ one pebble from the bag. If she got the black pebble, she would become the moneylender's __6__ and her father's debt would be forgiven. If she got the white pebble, she needn't marry him and her father's debt would __7__ be forgiven. But if she __8__ to pick a pebble，her father would be thrown into prison.
As they walked, the moneylender __9__ to pick up two pebbles from the pebble-covered path. However, the sharp-eyed girl __10__ that he had put two black pebbles into the bag. He then __11__ the girl to pick her pebble from the bag.
The girl thought for a while and put her hand into the bag and __12__ a pebble. Without looking at it, she missed and let it __13__ the path where it immediately became __14__ among all the other pebbles.
“Oh, how __15__ of me，” she said. “But never mind. If you look into the bag for the one that is __16__， you will be able to __17__ which pebble I picked.”
Since the remaining pebble is black, it must be __18__ that she had picked the white one. Since the moneylender dared not admit his __19__， the girl changed what seemed an impossible situation into a(n) __20__ one by thinking about it in a different way.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述一位聪明的姑娘利用自己的智慧帮助父亲摆脱债务，也使自己免于不幸的故事。由此启发我们每个难题都有解决的办法，不过需要我们从另一个方面去思考。
1．A.believed B．attracted
C．employed D．fancied
解析：选D 根据下文“He said he would ________ the merchant's debt if he could marry the daughter.”可知fancied(爱慕)符合语境。
2．A.meet B．forget
C．owe D．collect
解析：选B 根据下文中“her father's debt would be forgiven(她父亲的债务会被豁免)”可知forget符合语境。
3．A.suggestion B．argument
C．blame D．challenge
解析：选A 根据语境，商人和他的女儿都对放债者的提议感到害怕。上文中的“put forward a bargain”也有提示。
4．A.beautiful B．expensive
C．magical D．empty
解析：选D 下文提到：放到袋子里的石子有两个，剩下的那个是“黑的”，掉到地上的那个就是“白的”。由此判断在装入两个石子之前，袋子是空的。
5．A.pick B．change
C．recognize D．buy
解析：选A 从下文叙述的故事来看，放债者让商人的女儿从袋子中“取出”了一块石子，而非变换或辨认等。
6．A.sister B．friend
C．relative D．wife
解析：选D 上文提到放债者要商人的女儿嫁给他，所以如果拿到了黑石子，就要成为他的妻子。
7．A.still B．thus
C．even D．again
解析：选A 下文的But与上文两个If开头的句子是转折关系。两个If开头的句子之间为并列关系，且有“her father's debt would be forgiven”可知此处填still。
8．A.regretted B．tried
C．hoped D．refused
解析：选D 放债者提出的交易包含三个方面，此处描述的是“拒绝”取石子的情况。如果她拒绝取石子，她的父亲就会被送进监狱。
9．A.stood up B．went forward
C．bent over D．sat down
解析：选C 上文的“As they walked”以及后面的“pick up”可以判断：放债者“俯身”拾起两个石子来。
10．A.guessed B．noticed
C．understood D．predicted
解析：选B 结合故事情境，根据上文的sharp-eyed判断，女孩“发现”放债者拾起两个黑石子来，故选noticed。
11．A.asked B．preferred
C．helped D．led
解析：选A 放债者要求女孩取石子。
12．A.threw away B．turned over
C．drew out D．pointed at
解析：选C 和上文的“put her hand into the bag”对比，此处指从袋子里“取出”一个石子。
13．A.fall onto B．move off
C．slide into D．roll along
解析：选A 从下文的故事发展来看，石子掉到路面上，和其他的石子混合在了一起，故用“fall onto”。
14．A.white B．distinct
C．lost D．common
解析：选C 石子落到地面的石子堆里，当然看不到掉下去的是哪一个。lost最符合语境。
15．A.ridiculous B．clumsy
C．fortunate D．disappointed
解析：选B 女孩故意说自己“笨拙(clumsy)”，把挑出的石子“掉到了地上”。
16．A.left B．wanted
C．chosen D．discovered
解析：选A 此处是女孩告诉放债者，“如果你看看袋子里剩下的那块石子，就能知道我取出的是哪块石子了。”
17．A.doubt B．tell
C．remember D．explain
解析：选B tell意为“辨识，区别”，含有推理判断得出结论的意义，符合语境。
18．A.expected B．appointed
C．guaranteed D．assumed
解析：选D assumed表示通过“假定”得出某结论，符合语境。
19．A.dishonesty B．anxiety
C．uncertainty D．puzzle
解析：选A 根据整个故事情节，尤其是放债者自己提出的“建议”和“装入两个黑石子”的行为判断，这位放债者“不诚实”，而此时他是不敢承认的。
20．A.serious B．adventurous
C．advantageous D．dangerous
解析：选C 和上文的impossible一词比较，此处选用advantageous表示把不利形势变成了对女孩有利的形势。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Children's Center lies in east of Shanghai. It covers an area of 80,000 square meters and contain a number of magnificent buildings. Among the park's trees there are a science hall, an art centre, a gym, a colorful greenhouse, a music fountain, a children's bookstore and various entertainment equipment.
Since it was set up ten years ago, the Children's Center has accepted over 10 million visitors both from Shanghai and from other part of the country. Every Sunday morning, children gather at the center. There are too many of them that they crowd the park's equipment. Climbing here and there, they fill the park in their laughter. How I wish that every city has such an fine Children's Center for kids.
答案：第一句：in后加the
第二句：contain→contains
第三句：are→is; music→musical
第四句：accepted→received; part→parts
第六句：too→so
第七句：in→with
第八句：has→had; an→a
