课件69张PPT。 Unit 1 Great scientists
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2018·广西重点高中二模)
People love cellphones, which is why nine ten Americans own one. But does heavy use of cellphones pose a risk of cancer? This question has caused controversy for many years. A new study in rats now augments those concerns. Its data linked long-term, intense exposure to radiation from cellphones with an increased risk of cancer in the heart or brain. The results have yet to be confirmed, the authors note.
Indeed, although the rat study found a link between cellphone radiation and cancer, it offers no clues to why such a link might exist, notes Jonathan Samet. He teaches preventative medicine and directs the Institute for Global Health at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles. Still, he calls the new study's findings “significant”. They could lead to studies researching how cellphone radiation might cause cancer, he says.
Phone signals are relayed between cell towers and cellphones via radio waves. This radio frequency—or RF— radiation is a type known as non-ionizing(非电离的). Unlike X-rays, non-ionizing radiation does not deposit enough energy into cells to release electrons from atoms or molecules, producing ions. So it tends to be far less harmful than ionizing radiation, such as X-rays. But that does not mean radio waves might not cause harm.
In very large doses (量) this radiation will heat the body and cause tissue damage. But it's not yet known what much lower RF levels might do, such as those from cellphone use. Five years ago, the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer, or IARC, concluded that cellphone use “is possibly carcinogenic (致癌的)” .
Its conclusion was based on what little research data was available at that time. But notice that IARC was not certain. It said only that phone use might “possibly” cause cancer. So scientists at the National Toxicology Program, or NTP, investigated further.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。人们喜欢用手机，90%的美国人都有手机。那么，过度使用手机是否会有患癌的风险呢？一项新的研究给出了一些线索。
【难句分析】Indeed, although the rat study found a link between cellphone radiation and cancer, it offers no clues to why such a link might exist, notes Jonathan Samet.
分析：本句为复合句。although引导让步状语从句。why such a link might exist为why引导的宾语从句，作介词to的宾语。
译文：Jonathan Samet指出，事实上，尽管在老鼠身上进行的研究发现手机辐射和癌症之间有联系，但却没有提供线索表明这种联系为什么可能存在。
1．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “augments” ?
A．figures out B．puts out
C．refers to D．adds to
答案与解析：D 考查词义猜测。画线词前面提到过度使用手机是否有患癌的风险这一问题多年来引发的争议不断，再根据画线词后的“concerns”和“Its data linked long-term, intense exposure to radiation from cellphones with an increased risk of cancer in the heart or brain”可知，现在一项在老鼠身上进行的新研究增加了那些忧虑。故画线词与adds to意义相近。
2．In which aspect does Jonathan Samet think the new study in rats is significant?
A．It assists him with his teaching.
B．It indicates a new research direction.
C．It warns people to mind cellphone safety.
D．It makes a breakthrough in cancer research.
答案与解析：B 考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“They could lead to studies researching how cellphone radiation might cause cancer, he says”可知，这项研究会促使科学家去查明手机辐射可能是怎样致癌的，也就是说它为科学家提供了一个新的研究方向。
3．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．How phone signals are delivered.
B．How cellphones produce radiation.
C．Features of radiation from cellphones.
D．Differences between ionizing and non-ionizing radiation.
答案与解析：C 考查主旨要义。根据第三段的内容尤其是“non-ionizing radiation does not deposit enough energy into cells to release electrons from atoms or molecules, producing ions. So it tends to be far less harmful than ionizing radiation...”可知，本段主要讲的是手机辐射的特点，它是非电离的，其危害性远低于电离辐射。
4．What might be the theme of NTP scientists' further research?
A．Why cellphone use causes cancer.
B．Whether cellphone use really causes cancer.
C．What health effects cellphone use has.
D．How much exposure to cellphone radiation is safe.
答案与解析：B 考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“It said only that phone use might ‘possibly’ cause cancer. So scientists at the National Toxicology Program, or NTP, investigated further”可知，NTP的科学家进一步研究的主题可能是手机使用是否真的会导致癌症。
B
(2018·济南模拟)
A European Union program is letting blind people experience famous paintings for the first time. It uses three-dimensional (3-D) printing to recreate famous paintings so they can be touched.
One painting printed with the new technology is Gustav Klimt's “The Kiss”. It is a popular attraction at the Belvedere Museum in Vienna, Austria. The painting shows a man and a woman standing in a field filled with flowers. They are wearing gold robes and have their arms around each other. The man leans down to kiss the woman.
Klimt finished the painting in 1908. Until now, people who had trouble seeing could not appreciate the artwork. But thanks to the reproduction they can touch the piece and feel the ridges and depressions. Andreas Reichinger started making 3-D versions of artwork in 2010. He said this reproduction was his most difficult project because the couple's robes are so detailed.
Dominika Raditsch is a blind museum visitor. She touched the reproduction. As she moved her hands around it she said，“Exactly, can you see these? There are so many details.”Raditsch said she could imagine what the original painting looks like when she touched the reproduction. “It's somehow round.You can feel it.You can feel it.It comes with it.And in many places it's so smooth.And then I think to myself: it probably shines too！”Raditsch said.
The Belvedere is not the only museum to have 3-D versions of its artwork. Some of the pieces at the Prado Museum, in Madrid, Spain have reproductions that can be touched. But the piece in Vienna has one special part: it is made with widely available 3-D printing technology. That means one day, blind art fans anywhere in the world could download the source files and print the reproductions themselves.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了欧盟的一个项目使用3D打印技术重现名画，让它们可以被视障人士触摸到。
5．What is“The Kiss” ?
A．A European Union project.
B．A popular painting.
C．A 3-D technology.
D．A famous museum.
答案与解析：B 考查细节理解。从文章第二段的“One painting printed with the new technology is Gustav Klimt’s ‘The Kiss’. It is a popular attraction”可知，(吻)是一幅深受欢迎的画作。故选B项。
6．Why did Reichinger say this reproduction was difficult to finish?
A．The painting was reproduced detailedly.
B．The original artwork was made in 1908.
C．Blind art fans can't download the source.
D．The 3-D technology is not available.
答案与解析：A 考查细节理解。从文章第三段的最后一句“He said this reproduction was his most difficult project because the couple's robes are so detailed”可知，Andreas Reichinger 说《吻》是最难完成的作品，因为那对恋人的长袍细节很多。故选A项。B项“原画作制作于1908年”和C项“视障的艺术粉丝们不能下载资源”与该题的要求不符；D项错在“not available”，与文章第三段中的“started making 3-D versions of artwork in 2010”不符。
7．How did Raditsch feel when she first touched the reproduction?
A．Awkward. B．Puzzled.
C．Excited. D．Nervous.
答案与解析：C 考查推理判断。从文章第四段中的“You can feel it. You can feel it”可以推测出Raditsch“激动的”心情。故选C项。
8．What is the best title for the text?
A. A European Union Program for Museum Visitors
B．3-D Printing Lets the Blind Experience Famous
Paintings
C．How to Reproduce the World-famous Paintings
D．A Special Museum for Art Fans in Vienna，
Austria
答案与解析：D 考查标题判断。从文章第一段的内容可以看出，用3D打印技术让视障人士体验名画是文章的中心，下文是围绕该话题展开介绍的。故选B项。A项错在“Museum Visitors”太宽泛；C项“如何复制世界名画”只是文章的一部分，不全面；D项没有突出“3-D printing”和“blind fans”，故排除。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2018·长春七校第一次联考)
Jake Olson lost his left eye when he was eight months old because of a born cancer. __1__ it was controlled through treatments, it reappeared and __2__ the loss of his right eye. But after years of cheering for his favorite football team, Jake has __3__ the impossible dream. He's now a part of the team, despite his total __4__， playing the game not based on sight but on __5__.
Being a __6__ fan of the USC Trojans, one of Jake's last __7__ before he lost his eye was to watch the team play at Notre Dame. His strong liking for the sport didn't go __8__ —former USC coach Pete reached the boy, inviting him to meet the __9__.
Inspired by those players, Jake hoped to be __10__ in his school's football team. At first he didn't think he would be of any real __11__， but when he heard people's cheers for football players, his love for football strengthened. So Jake __12__ the coach, asking to join the team. The coach told him to __13__ the next season. So Jake spent his time practicing hard. __14__， he became a starter on the team in the next season. Having made his high school football team, it didn't seem too __15__ to do the same in college. Coach Steve agreed that Jake __16__ the requirements of the team. So Jake's dream came true.
__17__ football, Jake is also a motivational speaker. “I went into football with the thought that I had nothing to __18__ ，” Jake said, “I really had no fear. Going through __19__ in life does make you stronger. Life's unfair, but it's __20__ me not to give up and keep fighting.”
【文章大意】'本文是一篇记叙文。Jake Olson双目失明，但这并没有阻止他对运动的热爱。他是高中和大学橄榄球队的队员，并且他还是一位励志演讲人。
1．A.Unless B．Though
C．Only if D．Now that
答案与解析：B 根据下文的“it was controlled through treatments, it reappeared...”可知，此处指尽管(Though)经过治疗，癌症被控制住了，但是它还是复发了，并导致(led to) Jake Olson失去了他的右眼。主从句之间存在让步关系，故选Though。
2．A.backed off B．held back
C．broke down D．led to
答案与解析：D 参见上题解析。back off“退缩，退却”；hold back“抑制，阻止”；break down“出故障，崩溃。”
3．A.forgotten B．quitted
C．realized D．ignored
答案与解析：C 但是，在为他最喜欢的橄榄球队加油多年之后，Jake实现了(realized)那个不可能的梦。下文中的“Jake's dream came true”亦是提示。forget“忘记”；quit“放弃”；ignore“忽视”。
4．A.blindness B．absence
C．deafness D．innocence
答案与解析：A 根据上文中的“lost his left eye”“the loss of his right eye”可知，此处指尽管Jake双目失明( blindness)，但他现在成了球队的一员。absence“缺席”；deafness“聋”。
5．A.ability B．guess
C．feel D．imagination
答案与解析：C 根据上文提到的Jake双目失明的内容可知，此处指的应是他打球靠的不是视力而是感觉(feel)。ability“能力”；guess“猜测”；imagination“想象”。
6．A.responsible B．faithful
C．careful D．temporary
答案与解析：B 根据语境及上文的“years of cheering for his favorite football team”可知，此处指作为USC Trojans球队的忠实粉丝，Jake在失去视力之前最后的愿望(wishes)之一是观看球队在Notre Dame的比赛。responsible“负责任的”；faithful“忠实的”；careful“细心的”；temporary“临时的”。
7．A.chances B．promises
C．courses D．wishes
答案与解析：D 参见上题解析。
8．A.unnoticed B．unsolved
C．unreported D．unlimited
答案与解析：A 根据下文的“former USC coach Pete reached the boy, inviting him to...”可知，此处指Jake对运动的热爱并不是不被注意的。unnoticed“未被注意的，被忽视的”；unsolved“未解决的”；unreported“未报道的”；unlimited“无限制的，无条件的”。
9．A.leaders B．players
C．fans D．coaches
答案与解析：B 根据语境及上文提到的Jake是球队的忠实粉丝以及想观看球队的比赛的内容可知，此处应是指教练Pete邀请Jake跟球员们(players)见面。下文中的“Inspired by those players”是关键的提示信息。
10．A.occupied B．involved
C．trapped D．absorbed
答案与解析：B 受到那些球员们的鼓舞，Jake希望自己能加入学校的橄榄球队。be involved in是固定搭配，意为“参与，参加”。be occupied in“忙于”；be trapped in“被困在”；be absorbed in“全神贯注于”。
11．A.interest B．hope
C．use D．concern
答案与解析：C 此处指尽管Jake想加入学校的橄榄球队，但是因为自身有残疾，Jake最初觉得自己加入球队并不会有什么实际的用处(use)。
12．A.approached B．appreciated
C．recognized D．greeted
答案与解析：A 因此，Jake找了教练，请求加入球队。approach“靠近，接洽”；appreciate“感激，欣赏”；recognize“认出，认可”。
13．A.pull through B．set out
C．leave off D．come back
答案与解析：D 根据下文的“the next season... he became a starter on the team in the next season”可知，此处指教练叫Jake下个赛季再回来。pull through“痊愈，康复”；set out“动身踏上”；leave off“停止”；come back“回来，返回”。
14．A.Gradually B．Finally
C．Recently D．Accidentally
答案与解析：B 所以Jake花时间刻苦练习，最后，在下个赛季，他成了球队的上场球员。gradually“逐渐地”；finally“最后，终于”；recently“最近”；accidentally“偶然地，意外地”。
15．A.difficult B．accessible
C．attractive D．necessary
答案与解析：A 根据上文的“Having made his high school football team”可知，因为有了高中的球队经历，成为大学球队的队员似乎也不是太难。difficult“困难的”；accessible“可接近的”；attractive“吸引人的”；necessary“必要的”。
16．A.refreshed B．completed
C．satisfied D．acquired
答案与解析：C 根据句中的“Coach Steve agreed”及下文中的“So Jake's dream came true”可知，此处指Steve觉得Jake达到了球队的要求，因此Jake加入大学球队的梦想实现了。refresh“更新”；complete“完成”；satisfy“满足”；acquire“获得”。
17．A.Apart from B．Instead of
C．Regardless of D．Except for
答案与解析：A 根据下文的“Jake is also a motivational speaker”可知，除了打橄榄球之外，Jake 也是一位励志演讲人。apart from“除……之外(还有)”；instead of“而不是”；regardless of“不管”；except for “除……之外”。
18．A.share B．lose
C．offer D．desire
答案与解析：B 根据语境及下文的“I really had no fear”可知，此处指Jake起初是带着自己没有任何可失去(lose)的东西的想法开始打橄榄球的。
19．A.failures B．challenges
C．competitions D．fears
答案与解析：B Jake身有残疾，所以要面对许多生活中的挑战(challenges)，而这也使他变得更加坚强。failure“失败”；competition“竞争”；fear“恐惧”。
20．A.warned B．begged
C．convinced D．taught
答案与解析：D 根据上文内容可知，此处指的是生活是不公平的，但它告诉Jake不要放弃，要坚持下去。warn“警告”；beg“乞求”；convince“说服”；teach“使明白”。
课件57张PPT。Unit 2 The United Kingdom
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2018·江西九江二模)
As I began my junior year of college, I began to think of plans after graduation. I knew that I wanted to work in the field of my major, public relations. But I also knew that it was difficult to find a position considering my inexperience. That was when I decided to pursue an internship (实习工作)．
So I chose to talk to my advisor first. He had worked in the field of public relations for many years before he became a professor and therefore had numerous contacts and associates in the field. After talking to him about a few of the positions, I decided to pursue the Cincinnati Fine Arts Fund because of my interest in the arts and the passion I would feel working for a non-profit organization. I sent out a cover letter and a resume and was hired on the spot in the interview.
I soon began my position. After class on Tuesdays and Thursdays, I would drive to work and apply all the skills I was learning in the classroom. I was amazed at the amount of practical knowledge in class that was directly applicable to my internship position. It became a very useful and beneficial experience. Not only was I working for arts organizations and seeing my name printed on documents I had created, but also gaining confidence in my skills and myself.
As the semester came to a close，I finished my work with the Fine Arts Fund. Although I didn't take away any money for the internship，I gained many different kinds of experience and the knowledge that I was capable of accomplishing professional tasks. And that kind of confidence was invaluable to me as I sat down to interview for my next internship.
【文章大意】 作者上大三时就开始考虑自己的未来，考虑到实习经验在就业中的重要性，作者在导师的建议下找到了个实习岗位，尽管没有挣到钱，但是所积累的经验让作者感觉到很值得。
1. Why did the author seek an internship first before graduation?
A．Because he wanted to learn more from an internship.
B．Because he could make more money from an internship.
C．Because he was more interested in an internship.
D．Because he lacked work experience and skills.
答案与解析：D 考查细节理解。题干关键词为internship，题干中的seek对应原文中的pursue。根据第一段第三句中的“it was difficult to find a position considering my inexperience”可知，考虑到自己经验不足，找份工作有点难，所以作者决定找一份实习的工作。故选D项。
2. Why did the writer turn to his advisor for help first?
A．Because his advisor was working in the field.
B．Because his advisor could give him some help.
C．Because he got along well with his advisor.
D．Because he had common interests with his advisor.
答案与解析：B 考查推理判断。由第二段的描述可知，作者找他的导师的原因有两个，其中之一是这位导师在公共关系领域经验丰富；再结合第一段的描述可知，作者自己缺乏经验，也就是说，他的导师可以帮助他。故选B项。
3. What helped him to adapt to his position quickly according to the author?
A．Suggestions from his advisor.
B．Money earned from the position.
C．Knowledge and skills from class.
D．Confidence in the interview.
答案与解析：C 考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段的．..apply all the skills I was learning in the classroom. I was amazed at the amount of practical knowledge in class that was directly applicable to my internship position.可知，作者在课上所学到的知识和技能帮助他快速地适应了工作。故选C项。
4. What did the author think of his internship?
A．Rewarding. B．Boring.
C．Relaxing. D．Tiring.
答案与解析：A 考查推理判断。在最后一段中，作者对自己的实习工作进行了总结：实习工作中虽然没挣到钱，但是积累了经验和知识，这对于自己的专业学习是很有帮助的。故选A项。
B
(2018·烟台诊断)
In an effort to discourage people from using plastics, scientists have been hard at work inventing alternative packaging products. From water bottles made from seaweed to cutlery(餐具) made from rice and wheat, a number of inventions are set to change the way we eat while we are on the go, or having a relaxing picnic in the park.
The idea of using seaweed to make eco-friendly(环保的) water bottles has been around for a few years. Recently, Ari Jonsson took his invention-a water bottle made from red seaweed-to show off at a festival. The bottles will only hold their shape as long as they are filled. As soon as these bottles are empty they will begin to break down, though they would be perfectly safe to eat. Ari Jonsson's bottles are a step closer to a widely used alternative to the current plastic ones.
The eatable water container is not the only product to add to our image of the future. Narayana Pessapaty has also created eatable spoons. After the success of his spoons, Mr. Pessapaty is ready to expand and introduce forks and chopsticks to his menu. His aim is to largely reduce the amount of plastic waste, which is a huge problem for waste sites all over the world. It is a product that may take up to 500 years to break down, and recycling companies worldwide are struggling to deal with it.
Aside from the obvious benefits to the environment, this new packaging is also cheap to produce and therefore cheap to buy. Even better is the fact that similar eatable cutlery can be made at home, possibly a science project for children or just fun with friends. Why not get experimenting and create your own recipes?
【文章大意】 为了阻止人们使用塑料包装，本文介绍了科学家发明的可食用的、环保的包装替代产品。
5．Why do scientists invent alternative packaging products?
A．To make people's life more convenient.
B．To reduce the amount of plastic waste.
C．To change the way we picnic outside.
D．To show off their inventive talents.
答案与解析：B 考查细节理解。根据第一段第一句In an effort to discourage people from using plastics...可知，为了阻止人们使用塑料包装，科学家们发明了可替代的包装产品。故选B项。
6. What makes Ari Jonsson's water bottles eco-friendly?
A．They can be made at home.
B．They are cheap to produce and buy.
C．They will hold their shape when they are filled.
D．They will break down themselves when empty.
答案与解析：D 考查细节理解。根据第二段第四句As soon as these bottles are empty they will begin to break down...可知，水瓶一空，它们就会分解。也就是说，它们在被倒空时，会自己分解，所以使得这些水瓶很环保。故选D项。
测训诊断：考生易根据第二段第三句The bottles will only hold their shape as long as they are filled.(瓶子只有在满的时候才能定型)而误选C项，这只是介绍了这种水瓶的特性，而不是这些水瓶环保的原因，真正的原因是它们在水倒空时，会自我分解。故排除C项。
7. What do Ari and Narayana's inventions have in common?
A．They are convenient to carry.
B．They are safe to eat.
C．They can be used for a short time.
D．They are heavier than plastics.
答案与解析：B 考查细节理解。根据第二段第四句．..though they would be perfectly safe to eat.及第三段第二句Narayana Pessapaty has also created eatable spoons.可知，两人发明物的共同特点是它们都是可安全食用的。故选B项。
8. What can be inferred from this passage?
A．Home-made eatable cutlery is likely to be popular.
B．Eatable cutlery will completely replace plastics in the near future.
C．No recycling companies can break down plastic waste.
D．It's unsafe for individuals to invent eatable cutlery at home.
答案与解析：A 考查推理判断。根据最后一段倒数第二句Even better is the fact that similar eatable cutlery can be made at home，possibly a science project for children or just fun with friends.可知，类似的可食用餐具可在家里自制，由此可猜测，这种餐具可能会变得很受欢迎。故选A项。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2018·郑州第一次质量预测)
Do People Need Small Talk to Be Happy?
Psychologists (心理学家) have long said that connecting with others is an important part of happiness, but just how much conversation we require is under examination. In one study, researchers found that small talk made up only 10% of their conversation related to happiness. __1__ Scientists believe that small talk could promote bonding Late last year, Princeton researchers reported that small talk keeps closeness with loved ones, and isn't merely the stuff of awkward exchanges with strangers.
Still, chatting with strangers could brighten your morning. In a series of experiments, psychologists gave Chicago passengers different directions about whether to talk with fellow passengers—something they typically avoided. __2__ None of the chatters reported being rejected.
Small talk can also help us feel connected with our surroundings. People who smiled at, made eye contact with, and briefly spoke with their Starbucks baristas(服务员) reported a greater sense of belonging than those who rushed through the transaction(交易). __3__ One report found that when volunteers broke the silence to chat with gallery goers, the visitors felt happier and more connected with the exhibit than those who were not approached.
__4__ In one study, people who were rated “less curious” by researchers had trouble getting a conversation rolling on their own, and had greater luck building closeness with others when they were supplied with questions that encouraged personal disclosure(透露). But people who were considered “curious” needed no help when transforming conversations about ordinary things into personal exchanges. __5__.
A．The same is true of gallery goers.
B．But don't play down small talk just yet.
C．They found that small talk is related to happiness.
D．Those told to chat with others reported a more pleasant journey.
E．Making small talk is an important skill for all the social situations.
F．A “curious mindset”， the author concluded, can lead to “positive social interactions” .
G．Of course, some people are better than others at turning small talk into something bigger.
【文章大意】'本文主要讲述了聊天会让人开心。
1．答案与解析：B 根据上文的“In one study，researchers found that small talk made up only 10% of their conversation related to happiness”和下文的“Scientists believe that small talk could promote bonding”可知，此处表示转折关系，所以选B项“但是，不要贬低聊天的重要性”。
2．答案与解析：D 根据下文的“None of the chatters reported being rejected”可推知，应选D项。那些被要求去和陌生人聊天的乘客说旅途更加愉快。
3．答案与解析：A 根据下文的“chat with gallery goers”可知，应选A项。参观美术馆的人也有同样的感受。
4．答案与解析：G 根据本段中对两类人的介绍可推知，有些人更擅长把聊天话题扩大，所以选G项。
5．答案与解析：F 根据上文的“But people who were considered curious' needed no help when transforming conversations about ordinary things into personal exchanges”可推知，具有好奇心的人会与他人进行积极的社交互动，所以选F项。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2018·江西名校联盟检测)
Traditional Chinese culture is beginning to capture the attention of the world. Kung fu，__1__ (especial), has had a great effect__2__ the millions of people who first learned about China through it. From that, they may come to China and learn about some other__3__ (aspect) of this culture. Other Asian nations have long known about the__4__ (great) of ancient Chinese culture. Their own cultures are__5__ mix of native ones and those Chinese characteristics. Korea and Japan long ago adopted Confucianism, something that continues today even as it__6__ (challenge) by pop culture. This strength comes from the ideas__7__ (give) in the Four Books of Confucianism, which built upon the ideas of an even__8__ (much) ancient period codified (编纂) in the Five Classics. From them, the West learns__9__ is uniquely Chinese, for example, feng shui. So far China has taken steps__10__ (further) this spread of its culture by establishing Chinese Cultural Centers in such places as the United States and Europe.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国文化对世界的影响。
1．答案与解析：especially 考查副词。尤其是中国功夫，对于那些通过功夫初次了解中国的成千上万的人来讲，有着非常大的影响。especially“尤其是”，用于强调突出的人或者事情。
2．答案与解析：on 考查介词。have a…effect on sb“对某人有……影响”为固定搭配，故填on。
3．答案与解析：aspects 考查名词单复数。他们可能会来到中国，学习了解中国文化的一些其他方面。根据空前的“some other”及aspect作“方面，层面”讲时是可数名词可知，此处应用aspect的复数形式aspects。
4．答案与解析：greatness 考查名词。其他亚洲国家很早以前就知道古代中国文化的博大。根据空前的“the”及空后的“of”可知，此处应填名词greatness。
5．答案与解析：a 考查冠词。这些国家自身的文化是本土文化和中国特色(文化)的混合。mix在此作名词，意为“混合，结合”，是可数名词，且此处表示泛指，故用a。
6．答案与解析：is challenged 考查动词的时态和语态。根据本文的基本时态为一般现在时可知，此处亦用一般现在时；it在此指代上文中的“Confucianism”，和challenge之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。故填is challenged。
7．答案与解析：given 考查过去分词。这种力量来自“四书”中所提供的观念。the ideas与give之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。
8．答案与解析：more 考查比较级。“四书”是依照“五经”的编纂中所体现的更为早期的思想而著成的。根据句意及空前的“even”可知，此处应用比较级形式，故填more。
9．答案与解析：what 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导宾语从句，作learns的宾语，空处在句中作主语，且此处表示“所……的事物”，故用what。
10．答案与解析：to further 考查不定式。目前，中国已经采取措施进一步推广中国文化。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作目的状语，故应用不定式形式。further在此用作动词，意为“促进，增进”。
课件61张PPT。 Unit 3 Life in the future
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2018·潍坊商务模拟)
My main career has been in information technology: I was “the computer guy”. Where I live in remote northern Minnesota, good tech jobs were rare.
Then I got divorced and found myself a single mother with two sons in school. Without a permanent job working on computers, I was concerned about my family's future. So I sat down with my sons to discuss whether we should move to where the higher-paying jobs are. But we decided to stay and I'd go back to college for more training, even though it meant we'd be living on less.
While I work toward an education degree, I have become what's called a Promise Fellow in a local middle school. Among the “promises” we make at the start of each school year is that the students will have a caring adult in their life, no matter what. My fellow “Fellows” and I don't teach. We do what's called “whole-life support” because our students need more than just academics to succeed.
Why? Their lives aren't easy. The remote counties I live and work in have experienced a huge downturn in the primary industry of iron mining. The poverty (贫困) experienced by my students and their families is often worsened by mental health problems, plus drug and alcohol abuse.
With our attention, the students feel supported, Most of the kids have a lot of abilities and are smarter than they give themselves credit for. We take them to college campuses and get them to visualize their future.
I had worked with two students in our 2016 graduating class at Northern Lights Community School. Both are going to college this fall. These are the same kids who laughed at me when I first mentioned college to them, so I know I've played a role in their lives.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在当地学校做生活老师帮助学生们的故事。
【长难句分析】So I sat down with my sons to discuss whether we should move to where the higher-paying jobs are.(第二段第三句)
分析：该句为主从复合句，句中“whether we should move to where the higher-paying jobs are”为whether引导的宾语从句，作及物动词discuss的宾语；该宾语从句中又含有“where the higher-paying jobs are”这个由where引导的宾语从句，作介词to的宾语。
译文：所以我和我的儿子们坐下来讨论是否应该搬到工作薪酬较高的地方去。
1. What is the topic of the text?
A．The life of a computer guy.
B．The life of a single mother.
C．The experience with kids.
D．The experience with Promise Fellow.
答案与解析：D 考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了作者在当地学校当生活老师的经历，重点介绍了作者的工作内容和意义。故D项正确。
2. Why did the author want to leave northern Minnesota at first?
A．To repair her marriage.
B．To comfort her children.
C．To seek higher-paying jobs.
D．To teach courses at a local college.
答案与解析：C 考查细节理解。
【关键句】So I sat down with my sons to discuss whether we should move to where the higher-paying jobs are.(第二段第三句)
译文：所以我和我的儿子们坐下来讨论是否应该搬到工作薪酬较高的地方去。
【解题思路】根据关键句可知，作者最初想离开Minnesota北部的原因是想找份薪酬更高的工作。故C项正确。
3. What does the author stress in Paragraph 4?
A．Why Promise Fellow is in great need.
B．Why iron mining industry has declined.
C．Why the remote counties suffer from poverty.
D．Why families are addicted to drugs and alcohol.
答案与解析：A 考查推理判断。
【关键句】Why? Their lives aren't easy.(第四段第一、二句)
译文：为什么？他们的生活不容易。
【解题思路】关键句为该段的主旨句。根据关键句并结合第三段最后一句可知，第四段详细解释了当地学校很需要Promise Fellow的原因。故A项正确。
4. How do the kids benefit from Promise Fellow?
A．They are physically helped.
B．They are financially supported.
C．They receive aid from colleges.
D．They get cared for in life and academics.
答案与解析：D 考查推理判断。
【关键句】Among the “promises” we make at the start of each school year is that the students will have a caring adult in their life, no matter what.(第三段第二句)
译文：每学年开始我们所做的承诺之一就是不管怎样，要让学生在生活中有一个能照顾他们的成年人。
【解题思路】根据关键句并结合第三段内容可知，孩子们在学习和生活上受到了照顾。故D项正确。
B
(2018·太原市高三年级模拟试题三)
Nowadays, especially in China, everything seems to favor social intercourse, such as gatherings of friends, KTV, group travel, dining together, playing cards and mahjong, plus the Chinese-style “street-crossing group”. Back home, discussions can still be boisterously carried on within the “circle of friends” of WeChat.
However, these scenes cannot always ease a sense of loneliness. Zhu Ziqing, a well-known professor of Tsinghua University, sighed with emotion: “My loneliness increases as the scene becomes much busier.” One popular song today is also called “A lonely man in crowds”. Actually, engaging in social intercourse requires ability, while being alone involves the whole character.
These days, it is not easy to calm down totally and return to one's true self. Willpower, intellect and discipline are required. Einstein said: “It is not your working time but your spare time that determines the possibility of whether you will be successful or not.” The “spare time” he referred to could be taken as “spending time by yourself”．
Lonely life could be either dull, boring and tasteless or abundant, interesting and colorful, depending on one's quality, ambition and inspiration.
Just as the body constantly requires energy, the mind and soul also demand unceasing inputs. However, information, to be processed and integrated (合并)into knowledge, thoughts and feelings, instead of bustle (忙碌), seems to be the right condition. Successful careers in all walks of life worldwide have proved that “the soul grows in peace and talent is nurtured in loneliness”. In a sense, it may be reasonable to say that “Happiness tends to be shallow while loneliness involves profundity”．
Man, in fact, needs loneliness more than happy time, and only abundant loneliness can produce quality happiness.
【文章大意】 本文主要讨论了孤独和幸福之间的关系。
【难句分析】Einstein said：“It is not your working time but your spare time that determines the possibility of whether you will be successful or not.”
分析：本句是一个复合句。It is... that...是强调句型，对your spare time进行强调；whether引导宾语从句。
译文：爱因斯坦说：“不是你的工作时间，而是你的业余时间决定了你是否能够成功。”
5．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “boisterously” in Paragraph 1 ?
A．surprisingly B．sadly
C．busily D．peacefully
答案与解析：C 考查词义猜测。根据第一段第一句“Nowadays，especially in China，everything seems to favor social intercourse，such as gatherings of friends, KTV，group travel，dining together，playing cards and mahjong，plus the Chinese-style‘street-crossing group’”及画线词所在句可推知，中国人喜欢社交，即使回到家也会继续忙着在朋友圈里讨论，故选C。
6. What can we infer from the second paragraph?
A．Being alone makes people depressed.
B．Social intercourse improves our happiness.
C．One may feel lonely even when surrounded by people.
D．We should attend social intercourse to decrease our loneliness.
答案与解析：C 考查推理判断。根据第二段第二句中的“My loneliness increases as the scene becomes much busier”和第三句可推知，人们有可能在热闹的人群中反而更加孤独，故选C。
干扰项分析：A项错在孤独会让人抑郁，第二段并没有提到；B项错在社交活动能够提高我们的幸福感，这与文章中清华大学教授说的话不符；D项错在我们应该参加社交活动以减少我们的孤独，这与第二段第一句“However, these scenes cannot always ease a sense of loneliness”相悖，故排除。
7. What can we know from Einstein's words?
A．You should be successful if you spend all your time by yourself.
B．You should exercise more if you want to keep your minds healthy.
C．You will not become successful if you join in more social intercourse.
D．You will be more successful if you can make your lonely time meaningful.
答案与解析：D 考查推理判断。根据第四段“Lonely life could be either dull, boring and tasteless or abundant, interesting and colorful, depending on one's quality, ambition and inspiration”并结合爱因斯坦所说的话可推知，充分利用孤独的时间，不断提高自我，这样成功的几率会更大，故选D。A项错在如果你把所有时间用来独处，你会成功，这与第三段最后一句“The ‘spare time’he referred to could be taken as ‘spending time by yourself’”不符；B项错在如果你想思想健康就要多锻炼，文章并没有提到；C项错在如果你参加更多的社交活动，你就不会成功，文章中没有提到，故排除。
8. Which may be the best title for this passage?
A．Live on Your Own
B．Happiness and Loneliness
C．The Secret of Success
D．Practice Your Social Ability
答案与解析：B 考查标题判断。根据最后一段“Man, in fact, needs loneliness more than happy time, and only abundant loneliness can produce quality happiness”并结合全文的整体内容可推知，本文主要讲的是孤独和幸福之间的关系，故选B。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2018·贵州贵阳普通高中高三监测考试)
Each year around Christmastime, I think back to the homeless dog that appeared at the family farm. His visit became a gift of __1__ that my family still talks about.
It was a few days after Christmas in 1999. A __2__ dog wandered onto the front porch (走廊)and __3__ in as if he'd lived here all his life. He quickly decided that his __4__ was to guard the house against squirrels. Every time he saw __5__， he'd bound off past the garden to the trees, __6__ at the top of his lungs. Then he'd walk back to his position on the __7__， ever vigilant (警惕的)．
Inside, the house was full of __8__.My 91-year-old father-in-law, Jim Cravens, was seriously ill. The family had all __9__ to see to his care, to cook and to welcome __10__. Jim and his wife, Dorothy, were beloved ones of the community(社区). Whenever anyone __11__ the house to do anything or walk next door to my brother-in-law's house, the black dog followed. He would __12__ wait until we were done, follow us home __13__ lie down on the porch.
This __14__ visitor gave us something new to talk about. Whose dog was he? Did someone __15__ along the road? Did he __16__ to stay? Anyway, it would be dark soon, and he would be __17__ on the winter night. Jim sat in the rocking chair by the front window where he could __18__ the happy black dog's comings and goings.
My __19__ said he wanted to live long enough to see the new millennium (千禧年), and he did. He __20__ away on January 2. That was the day the black dog left.
Later we heard that he was a rescued dog about a mile and a half from the farm. They named him Bogart.
【文章大意】'本文主要讲述了一只无家可归的狗来到作者家并给作者家带来慰藉的故事。
1．A.surprise B．comfort
C．disaster D．decision
答案与解析：B 根据全文内容可推知，这只狗给全家人带来了安慰，故选B。
2．A.white B．yellow
C．black D．brown
答案与解析：C 根据下文第12空前的“the black dog followed”可知，那只狗是黑色的。
3．A.settled B．walked
C．ran D．slept
答案与解析：A 根据空后的“as if he'd lived here all his life”可推知，无家可归的狗在走廊安顿下来，感觉就像它一直待在那里一样。settle表示“使处于舒适的位置，安顿”。settle in表示“安顿下来，适应于新家”。
4．A.thought B．method
C．view D．job
答案与解析：D 根据空后的“was to guard the house against squirrels”可推知，此处表示“它的职责”。
5．A.one B．it
C．that D．this
答案与解析：A 根据语境可知，此处应用one指代一只松鼠。
6．A.barking B．singing
C．reading D．laughing
答案与解析：A 与上文的“to guard the house against squirrels”呼应可知，狗看到松鼠就叫。bark表示“(狗)吠叫”。
7．A.ground B．porch
C．table D．carpet
答案与解析：B 与上文的“dog wandered onto the front porch(走廊)”呼应可知，此处指狗又回到了走廊。
8．A.joy B．sadness
C．shock D．excitement
答案与解析：B 根据下文的“My 91-year-old father-in-law，Jim Cravens, was seriously ill”可推知，当时家里因为老人的重病而充满忧伤。
9．A.waited B．moved
C．gathered D．left
答案与解析：C 根据“The family had all”和“see to his care，to cook”可推知，家里人聚在一起来看护老人。gather“聚集”。
10．A.doctors B．passengers
C．readers D．visitors
答案与解析：D 根据语境可推知，此处表示欢迎来探望的人。
11．A.bought B．entered
C．left D．rented
答案与解析：C 根据下文中的“walk next door to my brother-in-law's house”可推知，此处表示的是“当有人离开时”。
12．A.hopefully B．anxiously
C．hurriedly D．patiently
答案与解析：D 根据下文的“wait until we were done”可知，狗很有耐心。
13．A.and B．or
C．but D．yet
答案与解析：A 根据语境可知，wait，follow和lie down是一系列的动作，故用连词and。
14．A.happy B．curious
C．eager D．fearful
答案与解析：B 根据下文的几个疑问句可推知，这只狗引起了大家的好奇，空处与“gave us something new to talk about”呼应。
15．A.pick him up B．drive him back
C．drop him off D．turn him down
答案与解析：C 根据上文的“the homeless dog”可知，大家猜测这只狗是不是被人丢弃的，故选C。
16．A.pretend B．agree
C．intend D．need
答案与解析：C 根据下文的“Anyway，it would be dark soon, and he would be__17__ on the winter night”可推知，大家对这只狗接下来的安置有所担忧，所以有了“他打算留下来吗？”的疑问。
17．A.sorry B．hot
C．warm D．cold
答案与解析：D 根据空后的“on the winter night”可知，冬天夜里是寒冷的。
18．A.watch B．hear
C．feel D．imagine
答案与解析：A 根据空后的“the happy black dog's comings and goings”可知，此处表示“看到这只快乐的黑狗的进进出出”。
19．A.father B．father-in-law
C．brother D．brother-in-law
答案与解析：B 根据上文中的“My 91-year-old father-in-law，Jim Cravens，was seriously ill”可推知，病重的岳父想活过新的千禧年。
20．A.ran B．died
C．went D．passed
答案与解析：D 根据上文提到老人活过了新的千禧年并结合下文的“away on January 2”可知，应选D。pass away意为“去世”。
课件64张PPT。 Unit 4 Making the news
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2018·吉林省长春市七校高三第一次联考)
After the long winter, there're plenty of things going on in Amsterdam, the Netherlands for both the visitor and the resident. Check out our guide to Amsterdam museum exhibitions below.
Hermitage Amsterdam
Exhibition 1917. From Romanov to Revolution is expected to open 11 Feb. and runs until 17 Sept. 2017. The Outsider Art Museum (in the Hermitage Amsterdam) includes world-class art works by Dutch and international outsider artists such as Shinichi Sawada.
Stedelijk
Jean Tinguely—Machine Spectacle, overview of work from the Swiss artist known for his kinetic art (动态艺术). Runs 1 Oct. 2016 to 5 Mar. 2017. Jordan Wolfson—Truth/Love, presentation of work from the American artist who explores the increasing digitalisation of society. Runs 4 Mar. to 7 May 2017. Ed van der Elsken—Camera in Love, large public exhibition of the work of the most important Dutch photographer of the 20th century. Scheduled for 4 Feb. to 28 May 2017.
National Holocaust Museum
The newly opened museum presents Tangible Memories from the Jewish monument, exhibition of objects, photos and documents of people affected by the Holocaust (大屠杀). Opened 2 Sept. 2016, ongoing until the end of 2019.
Dutch Resistance Museum
Between 1940 and 1945 the Netherlands was occupied by Nazi Germany. Five Dutch chefs have taken on the challenge of creating dishes using only ingredients that were available during the occupation. Food in Wartime offers a particular insight into daily life during this time. Learn more and have a look at the modern chefs' creations at the Dutch Resistance Museum from 15 October 2016 until May 2017.
【文章大意】 本文是应用文。文章介绍了荷兰首都阿姆斯特丹的一些博物馆举办的主题展览。
1. Whose works are about technology?
A．Jordan Wolfson.
B．Shinichi Sawada.
C．Jean Tinguely.
D．Ed van der Elsken.
答案与解析：A 考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Jordan Wolfson—Truth/Love, presentation of work from the American artist who explores the increasing digitalisation of society”可知，主题展Truth/Love展出的是Jordan Wolfson的作品，其作品探索日益数字化的社会，属于科技范畴，故选A。
2. Which exhibition lasts the longest?
A．Exhibition 1917.
B．Machine Spectacle.
C．Camera in Love.
D．Tangible Memories.
答案与解析：D 考查细节理解。根据选项中的四个主题展各自持续的时间“open 11 Feb. and runs until 17 Sept. 2017”“Runs 1 Oct. 2016 to 5 Mar. 2017”“Scheduled for 4 Feb. to 28 May 2017”“Opened 2 Sept. 2016, ongoing until the end of 2019” 可知，National Holocaust Museum举办的主题展Tangible Memories持续的时间是最长的，故选D。
3. What does the author say about Food in Wartime?
A．It's about diet in World War I.
B．It lets visitors know more about war.
C．Chefs can cook unexpected delicious food.
D．Visitors can see what people in wartime ate.
答案与解析：D 考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Between 1940 and 1945... offers a particular insight into daily life during this time”可知，在Food in Wartime主题展上，五位主厨会用荷兰被占领期间人们使用的食材来烹饪食物，这个主题展也展现那个时期人们的日常生活。由此可知，在Food in Wartime主题展上，参观者能了解到战争时期人们吃的是什么。故选D。
4. What type of writing is this passage?
A．An art show review.
B．An exhibition guide.
C．An official report.
D．A news report.
答案与解析：B 考查推理判断。根据文章内容可知，本文是一个展览手册，介绍了阿姆斯特丹的一些博物馆兴办的主题展览。故选B。
B
(2018·成都市高中毕业班第二次诊断性检测)
Flaubert had it that “one way of tolerating existence is to lose oneself in literature as in an unending party”. It turns out that reading doesn't only help us to tolerate existence, but actually lengthens it.
A recent study by Yale University researchers, published online in the journal Social Science & Medicine, concluded that “book readers experienced a 20 percent reduction in the risk of death over the 12 years of follow-up compared to non-readers”．
The data was obtained from the study sponsored by the National Institute on Aging. The study looked at 3,635 subjects, all older than 50, whom the researchers divided into three groups: those who didn't read books, those who read up to 3.5 hours a week and those who read more than 3.5 hours a week.
The findings were remarkable: on average, book readers survived almost two years longer than those who didn't crack open a book. The more the subjects read, the longer they lived, but as little as 30 minutes a day was still beneficial in terms of survival.
Accounting for factors such as education level, income and health status, the study found that those who read more than 3.5 hours weekly were 23 percent less likely to die during that 12-year period. Those who read up to 3.5 hours—an average of a half hour a day—were 17 percent less likely.
“In other words, just like a healthy diet and exercise, books appear to promote a significant survival advantage，” the authors concluded.
Why or how that's_the_case remains unclear; the research showed only an association between book reading and longevity, not a causal relationship. But the findings are not so surprising. Other recent research showed that reading novels appears to increase both brain connectivity and sympathy.
【文章大意】 研究发现，阅读和长寿有一定的联系，阅读者的平均寿命比不读书的人长将近两岁。
【难句分析】The study looked at 3,635 subjects, all older than 50, whom the researchers divided into three groups: those who didn't read books, those who read up to 3.5 hours a week and those who read more than 3.5 hours a week.
分析：该句为主从复合句。句中whom the researchers divided into three groups 为whom引导的非限制性定语从句；who didn't read books 以及who read up to 3.5 hours a week和who read more than 3.5 hours a week都为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词those。
译文：这项研究调查了3 635名年龄超过50岁的实验对象，研究人员将他们分为三组：从来不读书的人，每周阅读3.5小时的人，每周阅读超过3.5小时的人。
5．Why does the author mention Flaubert's words in the first paragraph?
A．To stress the value of reading.
B．To compare reading with a party.
C．To introduce the study on reading.
D．To support the findings of the study.
答案与解析：C 考查推理判断。文章第一段引用福楼拜的名言说明读书的作用，接着第二段介绍了耶鲁大学关于读书与死亡风险之间关系的研究。据此可以判断，引用福楼拜的名言旨在介绍对阅读的作用的研究，故C项正确。
6. From the text，what can we learn about the study?
A. No similar study on reading has been carried out.
B．The process of the study lasted more than ten years.
C．It shows readers live two years longer than non-readers.
D．It shows time spent on reading increases one's love for it.
答案与解析：B 考查细节理解。根据第二段最后一句中的“book readers experienced a 20 percent reduction in the risk of death over the 12 years of follow-up compared to non-readers”可知，在12年的跟踪调查中发现，与不读书的人相比，阅读者的死亡风险降低了20%。据此可知，该项调查持续了十多年，故B项正确。A项文中没有提及；C项错在two years longer than nonreaders, 与第四段的第一句“The findings were remarkable: on average, book readers survived almost two years longer than those who didn't crack open a book”中的almost表述不符；D项文中没有提及。
7. What do the underlined words “that's the case” probably mean?
A．Reading books enables people to live longer.
B．Reading is similar to a healthy diet and exercise.
C．Reading books is closely associated with longevity.
D．Reading increases brain connectivity and sympathy.
答案与解析：A 考查词义猜测。根据上文中的“books appear to promote a significant survival advantage”及上文所述的研究结论“读书可以延长寿命”和该句“Why or how that's_the_case remains unclear; the research showed only an association between book reading and longevity, not a causal relationship”可知，阅读为什么以及以什么方式延长读者寿命，人们仍然不清楚。据此可知，画线词指代研究表明的“读书可以延长寿命”，故A项正确。
8. Where can we most probably read this text?
A．https：//www.theguardian.com/life-and-style/family.
B．https：//www.barnesandnoble.com/b/books/coming-soon.
C．https：//www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health.
D．http：//www.thebookbag.co.uk/Book-Recommendations.
答案与解析：C 考查文章出处。通读全文可知，本文主要说明了阅读和长寿有一定的联系，阅读者的平均寿命比不读书的人长将近两岁，阅读能增强大脑的功能。据此可以判断，本文属于健康话题，因此最可能摘自健康网站，故C项正确。
干扰项分析：根据A项https：//www. theguardian. com/life-and-style/family可知，该网站介绍家庭生活方式；根据B项https：//www. barnesandnoble.com/b/books/coming-soon可知，该网站介绍即将出版的新书；根据D项http：//www. thebookbag.co.uk/Book-Recommendations可知，该网站主要推荐书籍。
Ⅱ.短文改错
(2018·山东六校联考)
The day before Mother's Day, everybody around me was talking about what was most suitable gift they would buy for their mothers. Buying flowers were what most students would do. However, I wanted to do something differently. As then I lived in school and couldn't go back home on Mother's Day, so I decided to call her and sent her my best wishes. I searched the Internet for suggestions, what were very useful, and I read it carefully. When I called my mother, however, I had the feel that someone else's words would have no meaning to her. So I gave in and just told my mother I loved her and thanked her to all she had done for me.
答案：
The day before Mother's Day, everybody around me was talking about what was most suitable gift they would buy for their mothers. Buying flowers what most students would do. However, I wanted to do something . As then I lived in school and couldn't go back home on Mother's Day, I decided to call her and her my best wishes. I searched the Internet for suggestions, were very useful, and I read carefully. When I called my mother, however, I had the that someone else's words would have no meaning to her. So I gave and just told my mother I loved her and thanked her all she had done for me.
课件58张PPT。 Unit 5 First aid
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2018·长沙市高中毕业生供题)
About Edinburgh Castle
Edinburgh Castle plays an important role in Scotland's capital. During the Wars of Scottish Independence the castle changed hands many times. In 1314 it was retaken from the English in a sudden night attack by Thomas Randolph, nephew of Robert the Bruce.
The castle was home to kings and queens. Queen Margaret died here in 1093, and Mary, Queen of Scots, gave birth to James VI in the royal palace in 1566. From the 1600s onwards the castle was a military (军事的) base. Later it also held prisoners of war. Parts of the castle are still a military base, but it is now a world-famous visitor attraction.
Opening Hours
The castle opens daily at 9：30 am. Closing time varies seasonally.
1 April －30 September: it closes at 6 pm.
1 October-31 March: it closes at 5 pm.
The castle is closed on 25th and 26th December. On January 1st it is open from 11 am to 5 pm and normal hours start from January 2nd.
Last admission is 1 hour before closing.
Ticket Types and Prices
Beat the queues and book ahead online using our web store for fast-track entry at no extra cost. Members do not need to queue at the ticket office, and simply need to show their card at Visitor Information.
Prices
Adult(16～59 years)
￡16.50
Child(5～15 years)
￡9.90
Special(60＋years and unemployed)
￡13.20
Children under 5 years old go free. They must be accompanied by an adult.
Guided Tours
A guided tour is included in your ticket price—our guides love sharing their stories. They are experienced, knowledgeable and are always happy to answer questions, so it's a great way to discover the castle's amazing past. Guided tours take place throughout the day and the meeting point is through the Portcullis Gate past the audio booth by the clock.
【文章大意】 该文主要介绍了去爱丁堡城堡游览的相关事宜。
1. What can be inferred about Edinburgh Castle from the text?
A．It was used as a prison in the 1500s.
B．It now works only as a tourist attraction.
C．It was the birthplace of Queen Margaret.
D．It was once owned by non-Scottish people.
答案与解析：D 考查推理判断。根据第一部分的“In 1314 it was retaken from the English in a sudden night attack by Thomas Randolph, nephew of Robert the Bruce”可知，爱丁堡城堡曾经被英国人所占领和控制，故选D。A项错在16世纪爱丁堡城堡是监狱，这与第一部分的“From the 1600s onwards the castle was a military(军事的)base. Later it also held prisoners of war”不符；B项错在如今爱丁堡城堡只是旅游景点，这与第一部分的“Parts of the castle are still a military base, but it is now a world-famous visitor attraction”不符；C项错在女皇Margaret是在爱丁堡城堡出生的，这与第一部分的“Queen Margaret died here in 1093，and Mary, Queen of Scots, gave birth to James VI in the royal palace in 1566”不符，故排除。
2. When can visitors visit Edinburgh Castle on New Year's Day?
A．4 pm～6 pm.
B．3 pm～5 pm.
C．10 am～12 am.
D．9 am～11 am.
答案与解析：B 考查细节理解。根据第二部分的“On January 1 st it is open from 11 am to 5 pm and normal hours start from January 2nd”可知，新年这天可以参观爱丁堡城堡的时间是上午11点到下午5点，结合选项可知选B。
3. How much should jobless Jack and his twin grandchildren aged 5 pay in all to visit Edinburgh Castle?
A．￡13.20. B．￡16.50.
C．￡ 33.00. D．￡ 36.30.
答案与解析：C 考查细节理解。结合题干并根据第三部分和第四部分关于门票的事宜可知，应该付的数目是13.2＋9.9×2＝33.0，故选C。
4. What does the text say about guided tours of Edinburgh Castle?
A．They cost no extra money.
B．They are provided only at certain times.
C．Questions aren't welcomed during them.
D．They are provided only at the Portcullis Gate.
答案与解析：A 考查细节理解。根据最后一部分的“A guided tour is included in your ticket price”可知，导游的费用包含在票价里，不需要花费额外的钱，故选A。
B
(2018·吉林省长春市七校高三第一次联考)
Joseph Goldberger was a doctor for the United States Public Health Service and he was an advocate for scientific and social recognition of the links between poverty and disease. In 1914，Goldberger was asked by US Surgeon General Rupert Blue to study a skin disease that was killing thousands of people in the South. The disease was pellagra(糙皮病)．
Goldberger traveled to the state of Mississippi where many people suffered from pellagra. He studied the victims and their families. Most of the people lived a hard life. The doctor came to believe that the disease didn't pass on from one to another, but was instead related to food. He received permission from the state governor to test this idea at a prison. Prisoners were offered pardons if they took part. One group of prisoners received their usual foods, mostly corn products. A second group ate meat, fresh vegetables and drank milk. Members of the first group developed pellagra. The second group did not.
But some medical researchers refused to accept Goldberger's idea. For the South, pellagra was more than simply a medical problem. There were other things, including Southern pride.
So Goldberger had himself injected(注射) with blood from a person with pellagra. He also took liquid from the nose and throat of a pellagra patient and put them into his own nose and throat.He even swallowed pills that contained skin from pellagra patients.An assistant also took part in the experiments. So did Goldberger's wife.None of them got sick.
Joseph Goldberger died of cancer in 1929.He was fifty-five years old.Several years later，researchers discovered the exact cause of pellagra：a lack of vitamin B3 known as niacin.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了美国医生Joseph Goldberger 研究糙皮病的患病原因的过程。 Joseph Goldberger 医生的认真、牺牲精神令人感动。
【难句分析】The doctor came to believe that the disease didn't pass on from one to another, but was instead to food.
分析：本句是一个含有that引导的宾语从句的主从复合句。that从句中，but连接两个并列的谓语。
译文：这位医生渐渐相信这种病不是传染性的，而是与食物有关。
5．Who were easy targets of pellagra according to Goldberger?
A．People in America.
B．People put into prison.
C．People having a poor diet.
D．People touching pellagra patients.
答案与解析：C 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Most of the people lived a hard life...the disease didn't pass on from one to another, but was instead related to food”，再结合Goldberger在监狱进行的实验的内容可知，在Joseph Goldberger看来，糙皮病和食物有关，而且患者大多生活条件差；再结合实验中提到的主要吃玉米制品的犯人最后患上了该病可知，不良的饮食容易导致人们患糙皮病。
6. What did Goldberger want to prove by the experiments mentioned in Paragraph 4?
A．Pellagra wasn't so terrible.
B．Pellagra didn't spread.
C．Pellagra could be cured.
D．Pellagra wasn't a medical problem.
答案与解析：B 考查推理判断。根据第二段中提到的Goldberger认为糙皮病不是传染病以及第四段中提到的他为了证明自己的观点而进行的实验的内容(将患糙皮病的人的血液注射到自己的体内、将糙皮病病人的鼻腔和口腔中的液体放入自己的鼻腔和口腔以及吞咽含有糙皮病病人的皮肤组织的药丸)和结果(他没患病)可推知，Goldberger进行实验是为了证明糙皮病不传染。
7. Which words can be used to describe Goldberger?
A．Devoted and determined.
B．Selfless and friendly.
C．Patient and expert.
D．Stubborn and enthusiastic.
答案与解析：A 考查推理判断。文中提到的Goldberger在监狱及在他自己身上做实验的内容表明他全心全意地投入到对糙皮病的研究中，有奉献精神；尽管一些人不认可Goldberger的观点，但他仍坚持自己的看法并坚决地去证明自己的观点是正确的，这体现出他意志坚定。故选A。
C
(2018·辽宁大连双基测试)
For many people, being on the job might just sound like a picnic compared to a day at home filled with housework, meals and childcare. Even for those with a happy family life, home can sometimes feel more taxing than work.
In a new study, researchers at Penn State University found significantly and consistently lower levels of cortisol (皮质醇) released in response to stress, in a majority of subjects when they were at work compared to when they were at home. This, was true for both men and women, and parents and people without children.
Both men and women showed less stress at work. But women were more likely to report feeling happier there. Men were more likely to feel happier at home. Experts say there are other reasons why work is less stressful than home for many. “Paid work is more valued in society，” says Sarah Damaske, the lead researcher on the study. “Household work is boring and not particularly rewarding.”
We get better at our job with time and the increased competence means less stress and more rewards. Yet none of us, no matter how long we've been doing it, ever truly feels like an expert at parenting or even at marriage.
The support and friendship of co-workers also offer stress relief. At home, meanwhile, stress spreads and accumulates quickly. “That's the reason why most housewives wish they were the bread earners，” Dr. Damaske says.
Much of the advice to families and couples includes the warning to leave work stress at the office and even to change our mindset from work to home, for example, a walk around the block. The recent findings, though, suggest our home life, not our attitude, might be due for some change.
【文章大意】 本文主要介绍了一项研究，该研究表明越来越多的人认为上班比在家做家务、做饭和带孩子更轻松一些。
【难句分析】In a new study, researchers at Penn State University found significantly and consistently lower levels of cortisol(皮质醇)released in response to stress, in a majority of subjects when they were at work compared to when they were at home.
分析：这是一个复合句。两个when都引导时间状语从句。
译文：在一项新的研究中，宾夕法尼亚州立大学的研究人员发现，比起在家里，大多数人在工作的时候，面对压力，他们的皮质醇水平显著且连续地降低。
8. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “taxing” ?
A．stressful B．cheerful
C．worthwhile D．rewarding
答案与解析：A 考查词义猜测。本题可利用句意推断法及语境分析法解题。根据第一段第一句“For many people，being on the job might just sound like a picnic compared to a day at home filled with housework，meals and childcare”可知，很多人认为与在家做家务、做饭和带孩子相比，工作像野餐一样。言外之意，上班比在家轻松，在家比上班更有压力。故选A。cheerful“快乐的，令人愉快的”；worthwhile“值得做的”；rewarding“值得做的，有意义的”。
9. What did the research in the second paragraph prove?
A．Men felt better at home.
B．Women felt they had less time.
C．Women were easier to feel happier.
D．Most people felt more stress at home.
答案与解析：D 考查细节理解。本题可利用分析长难句法解题。根据第二段内容可知，研究发现：比起在家里，大多数人在工作的时候，面对压力，他们的皮质醇水平显著且连续地降低，这项研究证明大多数人感觉在家更有压力。故选D。
10. What do most people think of work at the office?
A．It is competitive.
B．It improves ability.
C．It can't relieve stress.
D．It doesn't always pay off.
答案与解析：B 考查细节理解。根据第四段的第一句“We get better at our job with time and the increased competence...rewards”可知，随着时间的推移，大多数的人在工作中能提高能力。故选B。
11. According to the recent findings, what should we change to solve the problem mentioned?
A．Our attitude.
B．Our mindset.
C．Our home life.
D．Our working style.
答案与解析：C 考查细节理解。根据最后一段的最后一句“The recent findings, though, suggest our home life, not our attitude, might be due for some change”可知，我们的家庭生活得以改变才能解决问题。故选C。
D
(2018·辽宁省五校协作体高三上学期联合模拟考试)
In the dead of winter, we don't typically think about spending time outdoors, but according to many physicians we should. The sun is our greatest source of a vitamin that is essential for good health — Vitamin D.
This important vitamin strengthens bones and teeth and is linked to the prevention of heart disease, cancer and many other life-threatening diseases. The recommended daily requirement is 400－ 600 International Units (IU). In summer, people with dark brown eyes and darker skin turn sunlight from just 15 minutes outside without sunscreen into adequate amounts of Vitamin D.
Even during winter, just a 10-minute walk at midday can keep the body's Vitamin D at healthy levels. During brief winter walks, we receive the greatest benefits when we wear no sunscreen and expose as much skin to the sun as possible.
Vitamin D can be also obtained from foods. Salmon is one of the best sources of the Vitamin. Egg yolks (蛋黄), cheese, mushrooms and some animal organs contain smaller quantities of it.
To attract consumers, food companies add Vitamin D to some of their milk products. The practice of putting the Vitamin into milk began in the 1930s. At that time, many children were suffering from rickets, an illness that is caused by a deficiency (缺乏)of Vitamin D．It made the children's bones soft and weak. Adding Vitamin D to milk helped to solve the problem, and it has been available ever since.
For people who still need more Vitamin D, there is another option：Take Vitamin D supplements (补充物). These products are widely sold in stores. However, anyone considering taking supplements should consult a physician first.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇科普文，主要介绍了维生素D的一些情况。
12．During the winter months, people____________ A．aren't able to meet their deadlines
B．often don't dress warmly enough
C．generally like to remain indoors
D．leave lots of work for others to do
答案与解析：C 考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“In the dead of winter, we don't typically think about spending time outdoors, but according to many physicians we should”可知，在冬天人们愿意待在室内。
13. According to the text, Vitamin D ________.
A．can be obtained by being exposed to the sun
B．can be used to cure life-threatening diseases
C．can be mainly found in some milk products
D．can make the children's bones soft and weak
答案与解析：A 考查推理判断。根据第一段第二句以及第三段第一句可知，维生素D可以通过晒太阳获得，故选A。
14. Why is salmon mentioned in this article?
A．It's seldom prepared in the correct way.
B．lt's a useful addition to a person's diet.
C．It has a huge impact on the environment.
D．Its advantages have been exaggerated
答案与解析：B 考查推理判断。根据第四段可知，三文鱼是补充维生素D的食物，因此对我们的饮食是有用的补充物，故选B。
15. The main purpose of this article is________.
A．to introduce a valuable nutrient.
B．to advertise Vitamin D supplements
C．to note risks associated with a nutrient
D．to explain how a nutrient was discovered
答案与解析：A 考查主旨大意。根据全文可知，本文主要介绍一种营养成分——维生素D。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2018·合肥市高三第三次教学质量检测)
What Type of College Is Right for You?
When deciding what college to apply for, you may feel stressed about what type of campus you want to live in and study on.__1__ Do you want to know everybody at your school, or are you looking for more of a college town experience where you meet new people every day?
__2__ Are you looking for a liberal arts (文科) school or a more STEM (science, technology, engineering and maths) focused college? Maybe you want to attend a school more specific to what you may want to do in the future, like a music or art-based school. Another aspect or factor influencing your decision is the kinds of activities the college offers.__3__
Once you start collecting a list of places you are thinking about, the next thing to do is to consult your college counselors and start your applications. When applying to college, make sure to get help and advice from the college counselors, who always have their doors open to keep students on track when it comes to the college process. __4__ Keeping them up to date will help the college counselors get their job done and make your application a success.
Once those applications are in, the hardest part comes next：waiting.__5__ As soon as the results come out, you will know which school is right for you, whether it is your top choice or something else down your list.
A．The next step is finding what college suits you academically.
B．They also invite students to email any questions they may have.
C．One of the first things that colleges look at is your past school record.
D．This is also the time to reflect on which college you are hoping to get into.
E．Sports, the arts and other interests can be a huge part in determining the right school.
F．Choosing between a larger or smaller campus is the first step to narrow down which college is right for you.
G．You should be thinking well in advance about which teachers you want to write recommendations.
【文章大意】'本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何选择适合自己的大学。
1．答案与解析：F 根据空前的“When deciding what college to apply for，you may feel stressed about what type of campus you want to live in and study on”可知，选择什么样的大学校园是你在选择适合自己的大学时首先要考虑的，故F项与此处匹配。
2．答案与解析：A 根据空处后一句“Are you looking for a liberal arts(文科)school or a more STEM(science，technology，engineering and maths)focused college”可知，该段主要论述选择适合自己学科和专业发展的学校，故A项符合文意。
3．答案与解析：E 根据空处前一句“Another aspect or factor influencing your decision is the kinds of activities the college offers”可知，另一个影响你选择的因素是大学所提供的活动；据此可以判断，空处承接该句，列举大学所提供的各种活动，故E项与此处匹配。
4．答案与解析：B 根据空处前一句“When applying to college，make sure to get help and advice from the college counselors，who always have their doors open to keep students on track when it comes to the college process”可知，申请大学时，要跟指导老师保持联系；据此可以判断，空处将介绍与指导老师联系的情况，故B项符合文意。
5．答案与解析：D 根据空处后一句“As soon as the results come out, you will know which school is right for you，whether it is your top choice or something else down your list”可知，一旦结果出来，你就会知道哪一所学校是适合你的，不管它是不是你的首选；据此可以判断，空处说明等候的时间也可以用来考虑你希望进入的学校，故D项正确。
