专题一 语法填空题解题技巧
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
2015年起，浙江中考英语取消了单项填空 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )题，推出语法填空题，把语法知识测试全部放在语篇中，旨在考查考生在语篇中综合运用语言知识的能力。它不但要求考生有扎实的词汇、语法等基础知识和对句型结构的灵活运用能力，而且还要求考生有良好的语感和一定的阅读理解能力。
语法填空题的命题形式：该题型给出150～2 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )00字的一段短文，段落中给出10个填空。其中，一部分填空是给出单词提示词，填写它的正确词形，相当于用所给词的正确形式填空，一般为6个左右；一部分填空是结合上下文直接填词，一般4个左右。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
给词提示填空题型中所给词常见类：名词、代词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )、动词、形容词、副词等。名词提示：名词单复数、词性变化；代词提示：人称代词的主格、宾格或物主代词，代词格的变化等；动词提示：时态、语态、非谓语动词、词性变化等；形容词或副词提示：比较级、最高级、词性变化等。空白直接填空题型中考词常见类：介词、冠词、连词(连接代词、连接副词)等。介词：词组或固定搭配；冠词：泛指、特指或类别；连词：判断其连接的是并列句还是从句等。【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
1．快速浏览，了解大意。对于简单有把握的空，可以先填出来；
2．上下求索，填出答案。根据上下文及空格前后的逻辑关系，填出正确的词以及正确的形式；
3．通读全文，检查确认。特别要注意，根据文章意思，有些空是否要加入否定前缀。具体做法：
(1)有提示词
这类题和用所给词的正确形式填空做题方法基本一致，首先需要我们根据上下文，分析句子成分，确定空格所需要的词性，再根据前后文确定词形。21世纪教育网版权所有
①如果要填入动词，需要判断 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )到底是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。如果缺谓语动词，就要考虑到时态和语态的变化。若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，那么应该填入非谓语动词，这时需要确定到底是to do, doing还是done的形式。2·1·c·n·j·y
②如果需要填入名词，则需要判断是否有单复数的变化。
③如果需要填入代词，就要考虑到人称代词的主格、宾格或物主代词、代词格的变化。
④如果需要填入形容词、副词。首先，要确 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )认到底是填形容词还是副词。形容词一般用来修饰名词、代词、或作表语；副词一般用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。其次，还要考虑是否需要变成比较级或最高级。www.21-cn-jy.com
(2)空白填空
无提示词的空格一般需要填入冠词、介词、连词(并列连词和从属连词)等虚词。
①名词前面一般用冠词、代词或介词等。
②并列的两个或多个单词、短语、或句子之间设空，一般填入并列连词and, but, or等。
③两句之间，如果不是并列句，则很可 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )能是主从句，因此需要填入从属连词(what, which, who, how, when等)。比如宾语从句、定语从句或者是状语从句的连接词。这种空格需要同学们根据句子结构，分析到底是什么从句，从而选择合适的从属连词。21·cn·jy·com
方法一：名词形式变化。名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。
例1：There are many ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) students living at school，the (child)houses are all far from schoo1．
方法二：动词形式变化。动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气)，有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。www-2-1-cnjy-com
例2：A talk (give)tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang．21教育名师原创作品
方法三：代词形式变化。代词形式变化通常是与人 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如no one／none、other／another等。
例3：The king decided to see the painter by (he)．
方法四：技巧四：形容词、副 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词比较级变化。英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀一er和．est，或在词前more／less和most／least，且形容词的绝对最高级还要冠以the。【出处：21教育名师】
例4：I am (tall)than Liu Wen．He is the tallest students in my class．
方法五：数词形式变化。数词的形式变化包 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )括基数词、序数词，或加后缀一teen、．-ty的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及one／two的特殊变化形式。
例5：To my three sons ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) I leave my seventeen horses．My eldest son shall take a half,my second son shall take a (three)．．．
方法六：词的派生。词的派生现象在英 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。21教育网
例6：Lious lost his wallet yesterday，SO he was very____(happiness)．21*cnjy*com
方法七：固定短语结构。根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“视而不见”才能命中答案。
例7：The children were ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) playing on the ground，enjoying____，dirty but happy．
例8：His boss was____angry as to fire him．
方法八：从句引导词。从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向，主要检测学生对引导词的掌握程度。
例9：He did not done_____his father had asked him to do．
例10：Those_____want to go to the village must sign here．
方法九：短语动词结构。短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。2-1-c-n-j-y
例11：The us consists____fifty states．
例12：Mrs Baker was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ill，so her daughter had to ask for leave to take_____of her．
方法十：短语介词结构。短语介词即多个词的组合起介词作用的短语，如：except for，due to等。
例13：Mr Smith took a plane to London____of taking a train．
例14：Just then，he saw a blackboard in_____of him．
方法十一：：连词、关联短语结构。常用的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )连词有and，or，but，so，for，while等，常用的关联短语有both……and，either……or，neither……nor，not only……but also等。
例15：Little Wang ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Jun could not go to school，_____his family was too poor．
例16：____Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre．
方法十二：冠词、介词和常用的副词。冠词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )只能是在a，an，the之间判断；常用的介词有in，at，on，before，during等，通常考查固定搭配；副词的量还是比较多，如：however，never，yet，much等，但一般不会考查．1y形式的方式副词(见技巧六——形容词派生副词的情况)。
例17：Jackie likes to drive at____ high speed．
例18：Old Tom’s grand·d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aughter used to visit him_____Saturday afternoon．
例19：Though Liu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Qiang did the same work____Zhang Wen did，he got a lower pay______Zhang Wen．
例20：It was only one ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) day left,_____，his father had no idea to answer him．21cnjy.com
方法十三：上下文中出现的相关词。这一招 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )是最为灵活的，但也是最难的。学生可以根据上下文关系和自己积累的知识，填入某个已出现的词，或其反义词，或其同类的某个词。答案的线索可能在本句，可能出现在上下相连的一句，还可能出现在比较远的地方——上下段中与此段位置大体相当的句子。如果该横线出现在某段的首句，则线索可能在上下段的首句；如果横线出现在某段的末句，则线索可能在上下段的末句，以此类推。
例21：Tony____travelling abroad，but dislikes staying home watching TV．
【例题展示】
一、（2016 丽水）阅读下面短文，按照 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
It was a very special day because Dylan Terry came to the West End Children's Home! Dylan Terry is my favorite ___ (sing). I like him because he sings __(wonderful), he’s cute and he helps the kids a lot.We __ (stand) near the door, waiting for him.Everyone was very excited. Finally, he arrived _____ shook hands with us. He was so nice! He sang several songs for us. Some of us even started dancing _____he was singing. We were having a great time!_____ our surprise, Dylan joined us for lunch. He brought us ______ big cake. Everyone ate some and ___ was delicious. While we were eating, Dylan told us many interesting __ (story) about himself. I never thought I could talk to my favorite pop star. It was just like a dream. I ____ (remember) this unforgettable experience forever.
二、（2016 杭州）阅读下面材料，在空白处 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。讲答案填写在答题纸的相应位置。
Speaker 1: I went straight into work after leaving school at the age of eighteen. I got a job in a big business. But I think it was a mistake as there weren't any chances for me. I think graduates(毕业生)________ (usual) get more interesting jobs, so I decided to go to university to have a better future. Studying for a degree was one of the best ________ (experience) of my life. I loved my subject, and now I'm looking for a new job-better paid and more interesting than my last one.
Speaker 2: I ________(leave) school at sixteen and started working in a market. Now I've just opened my first shop. Some of my friends ________went on to university can't find work. They had ________good time at college for a few years, but I really don't know ________they still stayed in college. Working for ________(you) is the best education.
Speaker 3: I got quite a shock when I got my first job after graduation from university. My boss had been in the same class ________me at school! She went straight into work at eighteen and now she's making more money than me! Actually, she ________(want) to go to university now. And I think that's probably a much ________(good) way to do it. I think you'll get more from university if you spend some time working first.
三、（2016 嘉兴）阅读下面短文， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Dear Auntie Em,
Great news! Mrs Mumford just told me I had been chosen as one of the school ________ (student) to visit the University of Cape Town in South Africa this summer! She said the program ________ (design) for some of the brighter teenagers to experience a different culture. ________ a good chance! The only problem is: mom and dad ________ (simple) won't let me go. They said it was dangerous for me, a girl, ________ (travel) alone. But my guess is that they think it too expensive. I ________ (keep) telling them I had been on a plane on my own before. They needn't worry about ________ (I) because this trio would be almost the same as that time when I had visited you in Texas. ________，they just won't listen! Will you help, Auntie Em It will be ________ very important experience to my personal growth.Love, (and love you even ________ (much) if you manage to make mom & dad agree with me. 21*cnjy*com
四、（2016 宁波）阅读下面短文，在 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式（最多限填3个单词）。
Long long ago, there was a small village in the Middle East. In the village there was ______ old man called Sthira. He lived by himself. His only son had gone far away to study. Sthira's friends ______(wonder) whether his son would return, ________Sthira always said, "Whatever happens, happens for good.” One day the old man's son returned and the villagers were very happy for Sthira. He thanked the villagers and said ____ (polite),"Whatever happens, happens for good.” However, later, Sthira's son broke his ________. Once again the villagers came to visit him and once again the old man thanked ________ (they) and said, "Whatever happens, happens for good." Some of the villagers were surprised ________(hear) this. Why What was good His son's leg got badly hurt!
After a few days, the army came to the village and forced all the young men to ________ the army. When they found his son had a ________ (break) leg, they left him behind. Once again, all the villagers came to congratulate him on his ________ luck, like always, the old man was still thankful to them and said. “Whatever happens, happens for good.”
五、（2016 衢州）阅读下面短文，按照 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句子结构的语法结构和上下文连贯的要求，在空白处填入适当的词或用括号中所给词的正确形式填空，每空不超过两词。
Danny has a hobby--playing games online. He is interested ________ solving puzzles. He particularly enjoys chatting to other gamers.Now Danny ____ (sit) quietly in front of his computer. His mother thinks he is doing his homework, ________ she is wrong. Danny is actually surfing the Internet, solving puzzles and “chatting” to other gamers around the world. ________ funny it is! Danny thinks. Why are game online so interesting “ ________ I can pretend to be a different person. There also many different ________ (kind) of games for me to play,” says Danny. “Other people love to play these games because they can play at any time. They do not need to organize a group. Someone in the world always wants ________ (play).” Starting a game online is not easy. Some gamers ________ (not) welcome new gamers. They will become angry when new gamers ask them questions, Other gamers are helpful. They want to make new friends. When Danny has ________ question, he always says, “Excuse me, are you busy I am new at this game and I need some help.” Sometimes this ________ (work). At other times, however, the gamer at the other end makes you feel like fool. 21·世纪*教育网
六、（2017·嘉兴）阅读下面短文 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Justin is a 16-year-old boy. He is thinking about how________(spend) his money during winter vacation. He ________(save) up about 300 dollars already. He plans to buy ________computer with his money but he also wants to go skating with his friends. He can't do both ________he doesn't have enough money. What should Justin do We are often in these kinds of situations. You want to see a concert ________Saturday, but it is also your mother's birthday and you do not want to let________(she) down. In this case, you don't have enough time to go to both ________(place). You must make a decision. You must think about ________should be done first. You must consider the following questions ________(serious).
◆Which is more important
◆Which decision needs my attention more
◆Which choice would satisfy me more
After you've answered these questions, it may be much________(easy) for you to decide what to do. So the next time you must make a decision, remember to prioritize(优先考虑).
七、（2017·丽水）阅读下面短文， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空·
Hi Simon，
I haven't written till now．I've been busy with the course and making new friends ________ I got here．I'm speaking English with my classmates all the time and going out in the evenings with ________(they)．We're a real mix of nationalities：Chinese, Russian, Italian ,Spanish ··· We talk about kinds of things ________English and I'm learning a lot about other languages and countries too My host family are very nice．The parents are very____(friend)and kind．The children are both in primary school ________they are very sweet．But they can be a bit annoying(恼人的)too．If we have to watch the film Frozen together one more time, I'm going crazy!I know all the________(song)by heart now!We live near the school．It's a short bus ride from Edinburgh city centre．There is________ ancient castle(城堡)and we're going there next week．Yesterday my Italian friend invited me________(watch)the free street shows．We ________(see)a magician doing card games—it was so much fun!I__(send)you some photos of Edinburgh Castle next time．Take care and let me know how you are doing．
Fran 【版权所有：21教育】
八、（2017·浙江绍兴）阅读下面短文 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Malala Yousafzai, 19, is a Pakistani youth activist. She is the ________（young）person in the world ever to be named United Nations（U.N.）Messenger（信使）of Peace. The United Nations is ________ international organization, which is meant to encourage ________（country）to work together on different opinions without the use of war. Yousafzai has ________(glad) accepted the role of working for girls'education. Usually, a messenger ________(stay) in the position（职位）for three years. “If ________ want to see your future bright, you have to start working now and not wait ________ anyone else,” she said at the acceptance meeting in New York. In 2012, Yousafzai was nearly killed by the Taliban because she worked hard ________(get) the same education for young girls in Pakistan. But later her condition improved. ________ a brave girl! Since then Yousafzai ________(become) a symbol for peace and girls' right to receive an education.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
7专题一 语法填空题解题技巧
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
2015年起，浙江中考英语取消了单 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )项填空题，推出语法填空题，把语法知识测试全部放在语篇中，旨在考查考生在语篇中综合运用语言知识的能力。它不但要求考生有扎实的词汇、语法等基础知识和对句型结构的灵活运用能力，而且还要求考生有良好的语感和一定的阅读理解能力。
语法填空题的命题形式：该 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )题型给出150～200字的一段短文，段落中给出10个填空。其中，一部分填空是给出单词提示词，填写它的正确词形，相当于用所给词的正确形式填空，一般为6个左右；一部分填空是结合上下文直接填词，一般4个左右。
给词提示填空题型中所给词常见类：名 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词、代词、动词、形容词、副词等。名词提示：名词单复数、词性变化；代词提示：人称代词的主格、宾格或物主代词，代词格的变化等；动词提示：时态、语态、非谓语动词、词性变化等；形容词或副词提示：比较级、最高级、词性变化等。空白直接填空题型中考词常见类：介词、冠词、连词(连接代词、连接副词)等。介词：词组或固定搭配；冠词：泛指、特指或类别；连词：判断其连接的是并列句还是从句等。
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
1．快速浏览，了解大意。对于简单有把握的空，可以先填出来；
2．上下求索，填出答案。根据上下文及空格前后的逻辑关系，填出正确的词以及正确的形式；
3．通读全文，检查确认。特别要注意，根据文章意思，有些空是否要加入否定前缀。具体做法：
(1)有提示词
这类题和用所给词的正确形式填空做题方法基本一致，首先需要我们根据上下文，分析句子成分，确定空格所需要的词性，再根据前后文确定词形。
①如果要填入动词，需要判断到底是 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )谓语动词还是非谓语动词。如果缺谓语动词，就要考虑到时态和语态的变化。若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，那么应该填入非谓语动词，这时需要确定到底是to do, doing还是done的形式。【出处：21教育名师】
②如果需要填入名词，则需要判断是否有单复数的变化。
③如果需要填入代词，就要考虑到人称代词的主格、宾格或物主代词、代词格的变化。
④如果需要填入形容词、副词。首先， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )要确认到底是填形容词还是副词。形容词一般用来修饰名词、代词、或作表语；副词一般用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。其次，还要考虑是否需要变成比较级或最高级。2·1·c·n·j·y
(2)空白填空
无提示词的空格一般需要填入冠词、介词、连词(并列连词和从属连词)等虚词。
①名词前面一般用冠词、代词或介词等。
②并列的两个或多个单词、短语、或句子之间设空，一般填入并列连词and, but, or等。
③两句之间，如果不是并列句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，则很可能是主从句，因此需要填入从属连词(what, which, who, how, when等)。比如宾语从句、定语从句或者是状语从句的连接词。这种空格需要同学们根据句子结构，分析到底是什么从句，从而选择合适的从属连词。
方法一：名词形式变化。名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。
例1：There are ma ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ny students living at school，the (child)houses are all far from schoo1．
【解析】由students-词可以判断出横线 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )处应填复数，且作为houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child的复合变化形式—— 复数的所有格children’s。【版权所有：21教育】
【答案】children’s
方法二：动词形式变化。动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气)，有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。
例2：A talk (give)tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang．
【解析】句中的is是整句的谓语，所以 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出，报告是“将来”作的，故用不定式；且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式——to be given。
【答案】to be given
方法三：代词形式变化。代 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如no one／none、other／another等。
例3：The king decided to see the painter by (he)．
【解析】由介词bv可以看出，横线处应填反身代词himself。
【答案】himself
方法四：技巧四：形容词、 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )副词比较级变化。英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀一er和．est，或在词前more／less和most／least，且形容词的绝对最高级还要冠以the。
例4：I am (tall ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))than Liu Wen．He is the tallest students in my class．【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
【解析】此题后句交代了LiuWen是班 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )上最高的学生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的“less tall”。
【答案】taller
方法五：数词形式变化。数词的形式变化包括 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )基数词、序数词，或加后缀一teen、．-ty的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及one／two的特殊变化形式。
例5：To my three sons ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) I leave my seventeen horses．My eldest son shall take a half,my second son shall take a (three)．．．
【解析】从上下文连续起来理解，这是一个分马的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )计划，大儿子分得a half，也就是“一半”或“二分之一”，那么二儿子应该得“三分之一”，所以要填入作分母的序数词“third”才能命中目标。
【答案】third
方法六：词的派生。词的派生现象 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。
例6：Lious lost his wallet yesterday，SO he was very____(happiness)．21cnjy.com
【解析】在这道题中，学生很容易判断 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )出该用形容词，由此可知将happiness词根happy；钱包丢了，人应该是不开心的，所以要再加个前缀un．，就成了unhappy。
【答案】unhappy
二、未给单词提示题型的技巧此类题难度较大，但也是有方法对付的。
方法七：固定短语结构。根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“视而不见”才能命中答案。
例7：The childre ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n were playing on the ground，enjoying____，dirty but happy．
【解析】从句中的happy可以 猜出孩子们是开心的，所以应用enjoy oneself短语，故其答案为themselves。
【答案】themselves
例8：His bosswas____angry astofire him．
【解析】如果“跳过”横线后面的angry，就可以发现这里用到一个关联短语SO as to，所以，so是正解。
【答案】so
方法八：从句引导词。从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向，主要检测学生对引导词的掌握程度。
例9：He did not done_____his father had asked him to do．【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
【解析】审题可知，横线所在为宾语从句的引导词，此引导词在从旬中充当宾语，且指物，所以是what。
【答案】what
例10：Those_____want to go to the village must sign here．21教育网
【解析】经过观察可以判断横线所在为定语从句的引导词，进一步观察可知先行词为those，且指人，所以只能填入who。www-2-1-cnjy-com
【答案】who
方法九：短语动词结构。短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。21*cnjy*com
例11：The us consists____fifty states．
【解析】根据常识可知，美国由50个州组成，故横线处与前一词组合，表示“由 组成”，所以答案是of。
【答案】of
例12：Mrs Baker was ill， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )so her daughter had to ask for leave to take_____of her．21*cnjy*com
【解析】生病需要人照顾，所以答案是care，与前后词构成take care of。
【答案】care
方法十：短语介词结构。短语介词即多个词的组合起介词作用的短语，如：except for，due to等。
例13：Mr Smith took a plane to London____of taking a train．
【解析】此题中说到两种交通工具，所以可以理 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )解此句有“坐……而不是坐……”的意思，故答案为instead，以构成介词短语instead of。
【答案】instead
例14：Just then，he saw a blackboard in_____of him．
【解析】细心观察，可以看出填人front即可构成in front of，此题得解。
【答案】front
方法十一：：连词、关联短语结构。常用的连词有 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )and，or，but，so，for，while等，常用的关联短语有both……and，either……or，neither……nor，not only……but also等。
例15：Little Wang ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Jun could not go to school，_____his family was too poor．
【解析】此处表示原因，引导的分句其实是一种解释说明，不是必然的因果关系，且前面有逗号隔开，所以填for。
【答案】for
例16：____Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre．
【解析】横线处的词与后面可以构成both and，故答案为Both。
【答案】Both
方法十二：冠词、介词和常用的副词。冠词只能是 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在a，an，the之间判断；常用的介词有in，at，on，before，during等，通常考查固定搭配；副词的量还是比较多，如：however，never，yet，much等，但一般不会考查．1y形式的方式副词(见技巧六——形容词派生副词的情况)。21·世纪*教育网
例17：Jackie likes to drive at____ high speed．
【解析】这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法，答案为a，构成at a high speed，“以高速”开车。
【答案】a
例18：Old Tom’s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) grand·daughter used to visit him_____Saturday afternoon．21世纪教育网版权所有
【解析】Saturday afternoon是指定的某天下午，所以不用介词in，而用on才是正解。
【答案】on
例19：Though Li ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )u Qiang did the same work____Zhang Wen did，he got a lower pay______Zhang Wen．
【解析】第一条横线可由前面的the same断出用as，第二条横线则可由lower断出比较意义，故答案为than。
【答案】than
例20：It was only on ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e day left,_____，his father had no idea to answer him．21·cn·jy·com
【解析】观察上下旬，可以看出是转折关系，且横线与前后用逗号隔开，排除but，所以答案是however。
【答案】however
方法十三：上下文中出现的相关词。这一招是 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )最为灵活的，但也是最难的。学生可以根据上下文关系和自己积累的知识，填入某个已出现的词，或其反义词，或其同类的某个词。答案的线索可能在本句，可能出现在上下相连的一句，还可能出现在比较远的地方——上下段中与此段位置大体相当的句子。如果该横线出现在某段的首句，则线索可能在上下段的首句；如果横线出现在某段的末句，则线索可能在上下段的末句，以此类推。
例21：Tony____travelling abroad，but dislikes staying home watching TV．
【解析】由第二句话中的dislikes可以判断，此横线处应该是填其反义词likes。
【答案】likes
【例题展示】
一、（2016 丽水）阅读下面短文 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
It was a very special day because Dylan Terry came to the West End Children's Home! Dylan Terry is my favorite ___ (sing). I like him because he sings __(wonderful), he’s cute and he helps the kids a lot.We __ (stand) near the door, waiting for him.Everyone was very excited. Finally, he arrived _____ shook hands with us. He was so nice! He sang several songs for us. Some of us even started dancing _____he was singing. We were having a great time!_____ our surprise, Dylan joined us for lunch. He brought us ______ big cake. Everyone ate some and ___ was delicious. While we were eating, Dylan told us many interesting __ (story) about himself. I never thought I could talk to my favorite pop star. It was just like a dream. I ____ (remember) this unforgettable experience forever.
【答案】singer；wonder ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fully；was standing/stood；and；while/as/when；To；a/one；it；stories；will remember
【解析】这篇短文讲的是作者和 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )他最喜欢的歌手Dylan Terry见面的情景和激动的心情。
（1）句意：Dylan Terry是我最喜欢的歌手。根据句意及所给词汇此空应填名词singer。
（2）句意：我喜欢他因为他唱地非常好。根据句意及所给词汇此空应填副词wonderfully。
（3）句意：我们站在门附近等着他。根据句意及所给词汇此空应填was standing/stood。
（4）句意：他到了并且和我们握手。根据句意及所给词汇此空应填and。
（5）句意：他唱歌的时候我们一些人甚至跳起了舞。根据句意及所给词汇此空应填while/as/when。
（6）句意：使我们惊讶的是Dylan和我们一起吃了午饭。根据句意及所给词汇此空应填To。
（7）句意：他给我们带来了一个大蛋糕。根据句意及所给词汇此空应填a/one。
（8）句意：每个人都吃了一些并且它很好吃。根据句意及所给词汇此空应填it。
（9）句意：Dylan给我们讲了很多关于他自己的有趣的故事。根据句意及所给词汇此空应填stories。
（10）句意：我将永远记住这难忘的经历。根据句意及所给词汇此空应填will remember。
二、（2016 杭州）阅读下面材 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。讲答案填写在答题纸的相应位置。
Speaker 1: I went straight into work after leaving school at the age of eighteen. I got a job in a big business. But I think it was a mistake as there weren't any chances for me. I think graduates(毕业生)________ (usual) get more interesting jobs, so I decided to go to university to have a better future. Studying for a degree was one of the best ________ (experience) of my life. I loved my subject, and now I'm looking for a new job-better paid and more interesting than my last one.
Speaker 2: I ________(leave) school at sixteen and started working in a market. Now I've just opened my first shop. Some of my friends ________went on to university can't find work. They had ________good time at college for a few years, but I really don't know ________they still stayed in college. Working for ________(you) is the best education.
Speaker 3: I got quite a shock when I got my first job after graduation from university. My boss had been in the same class ________me at school! She went straight into work at eighteen and now she's making more money than me! Actually, she ________(want) to go to university now. And I think that's probably a much ________(good) way to do it. I think you'll get more from university if you spend some time working first.
【答案】usually；experi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ences；left；who/that；a；why；yourself/yourselves；as；wants；better
【解析】这是一篇由三个人说的话组成的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )文章，对于应该是上大学还是去工作，三个人都有各自自己的观点。对于做题应该理解每个人表达的观点。
（1）.考查形式变换。“我认为毕业生可以得到更多有趣的工作”，主谓宾都有，应填副词，故填usually。
（2）.考查名词单复数。“为了得到学位而学习是我认为我的生活最……的……”，one of the best...最好的……之一，应填名词的复数形式，故填experiences。
（3）.考查时态。“我在16岁时离开学校并开始在超市里工作。”由语句时态可知，离开学校发生在过去，应填过去式，故填leaved过去式left。
（4）.考查定于从句。“我的一些上大学的朋友不能找到工作。”主谓宾成分完整，应考虑从句。went on to university是修饰friends的，friendes是人，故可填who或that引导定于从句。
（5）.考查冠词。“在学校的这些年他们有……的美好时光”，由题意可知此处应填冠词，一段美好的时光，故填a。
（6）.考查副词。“但我真的不知道……他们还要待在学校里。”由前后句意可知我还不知道他们为什么还要待在学校里，故填why。
（7）.考查人称代词。“为了你自己工作是最好的教育。”应填your的人称代词，但题目没有给出是你，还是你们，故可填yourself/yourselves。
（8）.考查连词和固定搭配。“在学校时我的老板和我在同样的班级。”固定搭配：the same as...，故填as。
（9）.考查时态。“事实上，现在她想去上学。”由句子时态可知此处应填第三人称单数，故填wants。
（10）.考查形容词的比较级。“并且我认为这大概是一种更好的方式去做它。”应填good的比较级，故填better。
【技巧点拨】本题主要考查对单词的掌握能力以及对文章、句子的分析能力，在平时学习中要牢固掌握知识点，并且联系前后语句写出单词的正确形式或填出恰当的单词。2-1-c-n-j-y
三、（2016 嘉兴）阅读下面短文 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Dear Auntie Em,
Great news! Mrs Mumford just told me I had been chosen as one of the school ________ (student) to visit the University of Cape Town in South Africa this summer! She said the program ________ (design) for some of the brighter teenagers to experience a different culture. ________ a good chance! The only problem is: mom and dad ________ (simple) won't let me go. They said it was dangerous for me, a girl, ________ (travel) alone. But my guess is that they think it too expensive. I ________ (keep) telling them I had been on a plane on my own before. They needn't worry about ________ (I) because this trio would be almost the same as that time when I had visited you in Texas. ________，they just won't listen! Will you help, Auntie Em It will be ________ very important experience to my personal growth.Love, (and love you even ________ (much) if you manage to make mom & dad agree with me.
【答案】students；was d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )esigned；What；simply；to travel；kept；me；However；a；more
【解析】填词时需留意单词的正确词性 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，时态，单复数，句首时注意大小写等。
①one of+名词复数意为“……之一”，故填students。
②program“节目”与design“设计”的关系是被动，且主句是过去时，从句则用一般过去时的被动，故填was design。
③感叹句中，what修饰名词，how修饰形容词或副词。此句是修饰名词chance，故用What。
④分析句子结构后可知simple在此处作状语，故用副词simply。
⑤it is adj. for sb to do sth意为“做某事对某人来说怎么样”，故填to travel。
⑥keep在此处是谓语动词，考虑时态和语态，根据句意可知是一般过去时，故填kept。
⑦worry about后面接宾语用宾格，故填me。
⑧表示转折且后面有逗号的用However，注意句首首字母大写。
⑨结合句意可知此处是填不定冠词，表示“一次”，故填a。
⑩结合句意可知此处是比较级more。
【技巧点拨】语法填空题涉及的范围比较广，是检验学生语法基本功的最佳题型。历年的考试中，形容词主要考查形容词与副词的转变，比较级及最高级；动词主要考查谓语的时态与语态及非谓语动词，名词主要考查单复数。填空部分没有的单词的一般从介词，冠词，连词，代词这四种词性中考虑。
四、（2016 宁波）阅 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式（最多限填3个单词）。
Long long ago, there was a small village in the Middle East. In the village there was ______ old man called Sthira. He lived by himself. His only son had gone far away to study. Sthira's friends ______(wonder) whether his son would return, ________Sthira always said, "Whatever happens, happens for good.” One day the old man's son returned and the villagers were very happy for Sthira. He thanked the villagers and said ____ (polite),"Whatever happens, happens for good.” However, later, Sthira's son broke his ________. Once again the villagers came to visit him and once again the old man thanked ________ (they) and said, "Whatever happens, happens for good." Some of the villagers were surprised ________(hear) this. Why What was good His son's leg got badly hurt!
After a few days, the army came to the village and forced all the young men to ________ the army. When they found his son had a ________ (break) leg, they left him behind. Once again, all the villagers came to congratulate him on his ________ luck, like always, the old man was still thankful to them and said. “Whatever happens, happens for good.”
【答案】an；wondered；but；politely；leg；them；to hear；join；broken；good
【解析】本文主要主要讲述了 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )很久以前，有一个小村庄住着一个叫Sthira的老人，他一个人住，但是他总是说那句话不管发生什么，都是最好的，后来他的儿子摔坏了腿而没有参军验证他的这句话。人们都来祝贺他们好运。
①an考查语境理解题。 句意：在这个村庄有一个叫Sthira的老人。old是以元音音素开头的，根据句意可知填an。
②wondered考查语境理解题。句意：Sthira的朋友们想知道是否他的儿子会回来。这里是想知道的意思。结合句意和可知填wondered。
③but考查语境理解题。句意：但是Sthira总是说，不管发生什么，都是好的。这里表示转折关系。结合句意可知填but。
④politely考查语境理解题。句意：他感谢村民们，并且礼貌地说。这里是副词修饰动词，所以填politely表示礼貌地。
⑤leg考查语境理解题。句意：然而，之后，Sthira的儿子摔坏了他的腿。根据下文他儿子的腿摔的很严重。可结合句意可知填leg。
⑥them．根据前文是the villages村民们去看他，是复数，作为thank感谢的宾语，用宾格，they的宾格是them，故答案是them。
⑦答案：to hear．根据be surprised to do sth 做某事很惊奇，所给单词是动词hear听，故答案是to hear。
⑧答案：join．结合前文the army came to the village and forced all the young men to 是军队来人强迫年轻人参军，参加军队用动词join表示参加，故答案是join。
⑨答案：broken．leg是名词，前面用形容词来修饰，再结合前后句意是说发现了Sthira的儿子的一只受伤了的腿，受伤过了的，用过去分词充当形容词，break受伤，过去分词是broken，故答案是broken．
⑩good考查语境理解题。句意：所有的村民来祝贺他很幸运。good luck表示幸运。结合句意可知填good。
五、（2016 衢州）阅读下面短 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )文，按照句子结构的语法结构和上下文连贯的要求，在空白处填入适当的词或用括号中所给词的正确形式填空，每空不超过两词。
Danny has a hobby--playing games online. He is interested ________ solving puzzles. He particularly enjoys chatting to other gamers.Now Danny ____ (sit) quietly in front of his computer. His mother thinks he is doing his homework, ________ she is wrong. Danny is actually surfing the Internet, solving puzzles and “chatting” to other gamers around the world. ________ funny it is! Danny thinks. Why are game online so interesting “ ________ I can pretend to be a different person. There also many different ________ (kind) of games for me to play,” says Danny. “Other people love to play these games because they can play at any time. They do not need to organize a group. Someone in the world always wants ________ (play).” Starting a game online is not easy. Some gamers ________ (not) welcome new gamers. They will become angry when new gamers ask them questions, Other gamers are helpful. They want to make new friends. When Danny has ________ question, he always says, “Excuse me, are you busy I am new at this game and I need some help.” Sometimes this ________ (work). At other times, however, the gamer at the other end makes you feel like fool.
【答案】in；is sitting ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )；but；How；Because；kinds；to play；don't/do not；a；works
【解析】本文讲述的是一位电脑游戏看好 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )者丹尼尔的故事。他喜欢玩电脑游戏，特别喜欢和其它玩家聊天。玩游戏时，他的妈妈以为他在做作业，其实他在上网、在和世界上其它玩家玩游戏、聊天。因为随时可以在线找到其他玩家，他认为玩有游戏有趣；他认为开始在线玩游戏时不容易，因为难以找到游戏好友。
（1）in句意：他对解决疑惑感兴趣。对……感兴趣：be interested in。故填：in。
（2）is sitting句意：现在丹尼尔正坐在电脑前面。由now可知句子用现在地行时态。故填：is sitting。
（3）but句意：他妈妈以为他在做作业。但是她错了。表示转折，用but引出。故填：but。
（4）How句意：它是多么有趣啊。强调形容词funny，用how引出感叹句。故填：How。
（5）Because句意：为什么在线游戏受欢迎？因为我可以扮演不同的角色。表示原因，用because引出原因状语从句。故填：because。
（6）kinds 句意：有许多不同种类的游戏供我玩耍。many后用复数形式，故填kinds。
（7）to play句意：世上有些人总是想玩。想要做某事：want to do sth。故填to play。
（8）don't/ do not句意：一些玩家不欢迎新玩家。描述通常的状态，用一般现在时态。非三人称单数的一般现在时态的否定：动词前加do not，缩写don't。故填：don't/ do not。
（9）a 句意：当丹尼尔有问题时。Question是单数，单数的可数名词前不加定冠词a/an表示种类。故填a。
（10）works句意：有时，这起作用。由sometimes可知句子用一般现在时态，主语this是单数，动词+s。故填works。
六、（2017·嘉兴）阅读下面短文 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Justin is a 16-year-old boy. He is thinking about how________(spend) his money during winter vacation. He ________(save) up about 300 dollars already. He plans to buy ________computer with his money but he also wants to go skating with his friends. He can't do both ________he doesn't have enough money. What should Justin do We are often in these kinds of situations. You want to see a concert ________Saturday, but it is also your mother's birthday and you do not want to let________(she) down. In this case, you don't have enough time to go to both ________(place). You must make a decision. You must think about ________should be done first. You must consider the following questions ________(serious).
◆Which is more important
◆Which decision needs my attention more
◆Which choice would satisfy me more
After you've answered these questions, it may be much________(easy) for you to decide what to do. So the next time you must make a decision, remember to prioritize(优先考虑).
【答案】to spend；has sa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ved；a；because/as/since；on；her；places；which/what；seriously；easier
【解析】历年的考试中，形容词主要 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )考查形容词与副词的转变，比较级及最高级；动词主要考查谓语的时态与语态及非谓语动词，名词主要考查单复数。填空部分没有的单词的一般从介词，冠词，连词，代词这四种词性中考虑。
①疑问词+to do作宾语，故填to spend。
②already表明句子是现在完成时，故填has saved。
③根据句意可知是不定冠词a。
④根据句意前后句是因果关系，故填because。
⑤星期几前用介词on，句首首字母大写，故填On。
⑥let sb down译为“让某人失望”，sb应用宾格，故填her。
⑦both后接名词复数places。
⑧think about后是宾语从句，结合句意可知是what。
⑨serious是形容词，修饰动词应用副词seriously。
⑩much后接形容词比较级，故填easier。
【技巧点拨】考查单词在语境中的运用，需要根据单词在语境中的词性进行必要的变形，同时熟记固定搭配。www.21-cn-jy.com
七、（2017·丽水）阅 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空·
Hi Simon，
I haven't written till now．I've been busy with the course and making new friends ________ I got here．I'm speaking English with my classmates all the time and going out in the evenings with ________(they)．We're a real mix of nationalities：Chinese, Russian, Italian ,Spanish ··· We talk about kinds of things ________English and I'm learning a lot about other languages and countries too My host family are very nice．The parents are very____(friend)and kind．The children are both in primary school ________they are very sweet．But they can be a bit annoying(恼人的)too．If we have to watch the film Frozen together one more time, I'm going crazy!I know all the________(song)by heart now!We live near the school．It's a short bus ride from Edinburgh city centre．There is________ ancient castle(城堡)and we're going there next week．Yesterday my Italian friend invited me________(watch)the free street shows．We ________(see)a magician doing card games—it was so much fun!I__(send)you some photos of Edinburgh Castle next time．Take care and let me know how you are doing．
Fran
【答案】since；them；in；fr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iendly；and；songs；an；to watch；saw；will send／am sending／am going to send
【解析】历年的考试中，形容词主要 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )考查形容词与副词的转变，比较级及最高级；动词主要考查谓语的时态与语态及非谓语动词，名词主要考查单复数。填空部分没有的单词的一般从介词，冠词，连词，代词这四种词性中考虑。
①这是两句话可知用连词，主句是完成时，故用时间连词since。
②介词后用宾格，故填them。
③用某种语言用介词in。
④结合句意可知是形容词“友好的”，故填friendly。
⑤连接两句话故用连词，结合句意可知是and。
⑥all后面接可数名词复数，故填songs。
⑦单数名词前一般用冠词，结合句意可知是不定冠词，且元音音素开头，故填an。
⑧invite sb to do sth译为“邀请某人做某事”，故填to watch。
⑨句子是发生在过去，故用一般过去时，填saw。
⑩从next time可知是一般将来时，故填will send或am going to send。
【技巧点拨】考查单词在语境中的运用，需要根据单词在语境中的词性进行必要的变形，同时熟记固定搭配。
八、（2017·浙江绍兴）阅读下 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Malala Yousafzai, 19, is a Pakistani youth activist. She is the ________（young）person in the world ever to be named United Nations（U.N.）Messenger（信使）of Peace. The United Nations is ________ international organization, which is meant to encourage ________（country）to work together on different opinions without the use of war. Yousafzai has ________(glad) accepted the role of working for girls'education. Usually, a messenger ________(stay) in the position（职位）for three years. “If ________ want to see your future bright, you have to start working now and not wait ________ anyone else,” she said at the acceptance meeting in New York. In 2012, Yousafzai was nearly killed by the Taliban because she worked hard ________(get) the same education for young girls in Pakistan. But later her condition improved. ________ a brave girl! Since then Yousafzai ________(become) a symbol for peace and girls' right to receive an education.
【答案】youngest ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )；an；countries；gladly；stays；you；for；to get；What；has become
【解析】
⑴句意：19岁的Malala ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Yousafzai是巴基斯坦的一名青年活动家。她是世界上曾被联合国命名为和平信使的人中最年轻的的。根据空格前的the和in the world可知用最高级，故填youngest。
⑵句意：联合国是一个国际组织。表示泛指，用不定冠词an。
⑶句意：它是为了鼓励国家之间通过不使用战争来共同解决观点的分歧。根据句意可知用复数，故填countries。
⑷句意： Yousafzai已经高兴地接受了担任为女孩的教育而工作的角色。修饰动词accept，故用副词gladly。
⑸句意：通常，一个信使的职位是三年时间。根据usually可知用一般现在时，主语a messager是第三人称单数，故填stays。
⑹句意：如果你想看到你的未来是光明的，你必须现在开始工作，不要等待任何人。根据后半句可知主语是you。
⑺短语wait for等待，故填for。
⑻句意：在2012年， Yousafzai差点被塔利班杀死，就是因为他努力为巴基斯坦女孩争取同等的教育。表示目的，故用动词不定式to get。
⑼句意：但是后来她的情况得到改善。多么勇敢的女孩啊！这是一个感叹句，符合what+a+adj+n+主语+谓语，故填What。
⑽句意：自从那时， Yousafzai就成为和平和为女孩争取受教育权利的象征。由since可知用现在完成时，故填has become。
【技巧点拨】考查在语境中根据语法规则对单词进行正确使用。需要考虑动词的时态，名词的单复数以及各种词性的使用。答题时注意上下文所提供的信息。21教育名师原创作品
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
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