考点45 完形填空之议论文-备战2018年中考英语考点一遍过

考点四十五 完形填空之议论文
议论文一般缺乏趣味性，所以在中考中出现的频率不是很高，但是也偶有出现，因此对于这类题材的文章的特点及解题的关键考生也应该有适当的了解。
二、解题方法：
1.?完形填空的短文通常没有标题且文章的首句和尾句，一般不设空，要特别注重对首、尾句的理解，因为它们往往提示或点明文章的主题，对理解全文有较大帮助。
?2.?第一遍通读带有空缺单词的短文时可能一时把握不住短文内容，弄不清头绪，这是很正常的。此时要注意克服畏难情绪和急躁心理，应稳定情绪，再将短文读一两遍，直到明确大意为止。
3.?做题时切勿一看到一个空格就急着选出一个答案，这样往往只见树木不见森林。由于缺乏全局观念，极易导致连续选错。
因为完形填空不同于单个句子的选词填空，其空白处是位于一篇文章之中，因此必须纵观全文、通篇考虑。
?4.?每篇完形填空所设的空多以实词为主，所提供的四个备选项中只有一个是正确的，其他三项均为干扰项。而干扰项也多半与前、后的句子或词组可以形成某种搭配，即如单从语法角度判断则无法确定，还必须从语篇意义上加以鉴别。
?5.?动笔时先易后难，先完成容易、有把握的答案，这样可以增强自信心，然后再集中精力解决难点。对于实在无法确定的，可以从文中同样结构或类似结构中寻找提示，大胆地作出猜测。
（一）
Not only adults but also teenagers have problems in their life. Here is a survey showing the main problems of ___1___.
They feel stressed because they have ___2___ homework to do both at school and at home. They have lots of exams ___3___. And their parents usually send them ___4___ different classes at weekends. As a result, so many of them almost become bookworms(书呆子) . On holidays, they could hardly have ___5___ time to do what they are interested in. Now more and more teenagers ___6___ short-sighted.
They often read in bed or keep ___7___ for a long time without having a rest. Some of them are crazy about playing computer games. Some ___8___ too much time watching TV. ___9___ serious problem among teenagers is that many of them are becoming fat. They eat too much junk food, but they take little exercise.
I think teenagers should think of ways on how to ___10___ the problems. They should make a plan for study and hobbies and find time to relax as much as possible.
1. A. adult B. adults C. teenager D. teenagers
2. A. too many B. too much C. much too D. many too
3. A. join B. to be taken C. to take D. to join
4. A. to B. for C. of D. in
5. A. our own B. their own C. his own D. they own
6. A. are get B. are getting C. got D. are become
7. A. red B. read C. to read D. reading
8. A. pay B. cost C. spend D. take
9. A. Another B. Other C. Others D. Some
10. A. doing with B. do with C. dealing with D. deal with
（二）
It is reported that over 300 million people in China are suffering(遭受) from nearsightedness(近视). As more children have got eyesight ___1___，their parents hope to solve the problem in some different ways，for example，by correcting the ways when children ___2___ and sit. But in fact，one should start with the exercise from one’s feet. Here are three ___3___to save eyes.
First，don’t tie your shoes too closely. Try to wear comfortable and soft shoes and ___4___or walking without shoes or socks at home. While you are traveling，try to ___5___cloth shoes in order to improve blood circulation(循环).
Second，walking on tiptoes(脚尖) is good ___6___one’s eyesight. It can improve eyesight. Studies show that ___7___of the ballet(芭蕾) performers’ eyesight is good.
Third，rope skipping(跳绳) ___8___good for one’s eyesight. When skipping the rope，one has to move quickly，making both the brain and the eyes excited. It may also ___9___one grow taller.
Besides(除……之外) foot exercises，it is good to pull(拉) one’s ___10___. Pulling the ears 20 times quickly is also a good way. It can keep one’s eyes healthy.
1. A. trouble B. break C. sick D. life
2. A. play B. move C. speak D. read
3. A. messages B. roads C. ways D. ideas
4. A. clothes B. socks C. shirts D. trousers
5. A. put B. in C. dress D. wear
6. A. in B. to C. for D. at
7. A. all B. most C. none D. few
8. A. are B. is C. does D. do
9. A. making B. make C. like D. find
10. A. hair B. ears C. hand D. foot
（2017﹒重庆B卷）March 22nd is World Water Day. It started in 1993. It not only makes us think about the importance of water, but also calls on (号召) us to ___39___ and protect water. Today, we’re facing terrible water problems. Among them, wastewater problem is especially ___40___. And the subject of World Water Day in 2017 is ＂wastewater＂.
What is wastewater? It is used water. Usually, wastewater comes from homes, ___41___, hospitals and so on. It is produced by different kinds of activities, including washing the machines, taking showers and using the kitchen. The rain also ___42___ wastewater when it is running down the street during a storm. No matter where it comes from, this kind of water is sure to have ___43___ harmful in it.
___44___ must we treat (处理) wastewater? Wastewater has a big influence on our life. It causes both illness for us and pollution for the environment. We must care for our environment and our own ___45___.
How can we treat wastewater? Different kinds of wastewater need different ways of treatment. Wastewater ___46___ homes can be reused. Then there will be ___47___ wastewater. Also, factory wastewater has to be cleaned ___48___ it goes back to nature.
39. A. drink B. save C. carry D. watch
40. A. easy B. popular C. small D. serious
41. A. factories B. lakes C. rivers D. seas
42. A. gets back B. hands in C. changes into D. picks up
43. A. nothing B. something C. nobody D. somebody
44. A. What B. Who C. Why D. How
45. A. work B. interest C. health D. business
46. A. on B. for C. with D. from
47. A. less B. more C. better D. worse
48. A. and B. whether C. after D. before
（一）
（四川省苍溪县2017届九年级第二次模拟）There are many kinds of pollution around us, ___1___ air pollution, soil pollution, noise pollution and light pollution. They are bad ___2___ our health in many ways.
Burning gas, oil and coal creates air pollution. It can cause sore eyes and ___3___ problems.
With the increase of pollution and the ___4___ of industry, litter is everywhere. It makes our environment dirty. People put lots of rubbish in the land. Farmers use too many chemicals in the fields. They destroy the soil. So soil pollution has become serious.
Noise pollution can make people ___5___. For example, people may lose their hearing if they work in a ___6___ place for a long time. Too much noise can cause high blood pressure ___7___.
Working for a long time in strong, changeable light ___8___ cause some kind of illnesses. It makes people feel ___9___ and is especially bad for the eyes.
With ___10___ pollution, our planet will become greener and our health will be better. Let’s be greener people.
1. A. such as B. for example C. such like
2. A. to B. in C. for
3. A. breaths B. breathe C. breathing
4. A. development B. develop C. developed
5. A. blind B. lame C. deaf
6. A. noise B. noisy C. noisily
7. A. as well B. too C. either
8. A. must B. should C. may
9. A. terrible B. comfortable C. terribly
10. A. little B. a little C. less
（二）
（上海市黄浦区2017届九年级4月二模）Technology provides more than a way of communication. However, it is becoming the only way to communicate for our teens. It has made face-to-face interaction ____1____ often and has made a negative effect on the social abilities of the teens.
These days we communicate on websites like Facebook, but I wonder why we have no in-person friendships. I see teens texting ____2____. They text while talking to someone else, at the dinner table, in the car and at the movies. This tiny piece of plastic is distracting teens from the real world.
As you can see, I am very much____3____ technology but there are ways that helps. It helps many people stay in touch with friends that might have moved away. In my life, I will have to move from my friends from time to time. With the help of Wechat, it can be easy to____4____ them and to ask if they would like to do something in person. Staying in touch can be done in person as much as over technology.
Some people have____5____ making new friends and the Internet provides ways to meet new people through chat rooms. I believe relationships built online can be a little eccentric. One study suggests that online relationships simply take longer to develop than those face-to-face.
Online relationships can be____6____ because you never know who’s on the other side of the chat. You can become more open over the Internet if you don’t have a chance to meet others in real life. Meeting people online can give you confidence, but I believe it also tears you down. Online relationships will either build you up or break you down. Most importantly, don’t let keyboards be the key to your heart.
1. A. too B. very C. less D. more
2. A. here B. there C. somewhere D. everywhere
3. A. for B. against C. with D. behind
4. A. reach B. lose C. win D. control
5. A. fun B. time C. trouble D. trust
6. A. convenient B. dangerous C. important D. necessary
（三）
Nowadays many people enjoy ____1____ things, especially young people. In the school, waste can ____2____ everywhere. Some students ask for ____3____ food than they can eat and others often forget to turn off the lights ____4____ they leave the classroom. Waste can bring a lot of problems. Someone ____5____ China is rich in some resources, such as coal, oil, trees and so on.
They even say ＂ ____6____ rich our country is!＂ But actually, we ____7____ no coal or oil to use in 100 years if we go on wasting. We really feel ____8____ about what we can use in the future. I don’t know ____9____ we can go on living without these resources. Think about it ____10____. I think we should say ＂no＂ to the students ____11____ waste things every day. And we should help do something good to the environment.
In our daily life, we can do things ____12____ waste from happening, for example, we should turn off taps after using it. Don’t throw the used paper ____13____ we can recycle it. Let’s start out small from now on. Little ____14____ little, everything will be changed. Waste can be stopped one day if we do ____15____ best. The nature will be more harmonious and our country will become more and more beautiful.
1. A. waste B. wasting C. to waste D. to wasting
2. A. be seeing B. are seen C. see D. be seen
3. A. more B. many C. much D. most
4. A. after B. before C. since D. whether
5. A. say B. be said C. says D. is saying
6. A. How B. How a C. What D. What a
7. A. have B. has C. had D. will have
8. A. worry B. worries C. worried D. worriedly
9. A. what B. when C. that D. how
10. A. care B. carefulness C. carefully D. careful
11. A. who B. what C. where D. which
12. A. stop B. to stop C. stopping D. stopped
13. A. because B. although C. until D. if
14. A. in B. on C. by D. with
15. A. we B. us C. our D. ours
跟踪训练
（一）
【文章大意】这是一篇议论文，提出了当前青少年群体存在的两大问题：压力大和变胖，并重点分析了压力大的原因，建议青少年应该制订习和业余爱好的计划，并尽可能多地找到时间来放松。
2. B 【解析】句意：他们感到压力很大，因为他们在校和家里有太多的家庭作业要做。考查形容词辨析。homework家庭作业，不可数名词，可由much修饰但不可用many修饰，可排除A、D。much许多的，形容词，可由副词too修饰，即too much太多的，再排除C。根据句意和上下文，故选B。
3. C 【解析】句意：他们有许多考试要参加。考查动词和短语辨析题。join和 take part in 二者都有＂参加＂的意思，但用法有所不同。join加入某党派、组织或社会团体，参军等，强调成为其中的一个成员；而take part in指参加活动。根据句意和英文提示，可知本句指参加考试，故选C。~
4. A 【解析】句意：他们的父母通常在周末送他们去不同的班级。考查介词辨析题。A. to向，朝着，到；B. for为，为了；C. of……的，表从属；D. in在……里，表地点。send sb./sth. to送某人/物去……，根据句意，可知选A。
5. B 【解析】句意：他们几乎都没有自己的时间做自己感兴趣的事情。考查代词辨析题。hardly几乎不，表否定。根据后半句to do what they are interested in做他们感兴趣的事，＂他们＂当然需要有＂他们自己的＂空闲时间。备选答案中：our own我们自己的，their own他们自己的，his own他自己的，they own表达错误。故选B。
6. B 【解析】句意：现在越来越多的青少年正变得近视。考查动词时态题。根据下文They often read in bed or keep reading for a long time without having a rest. Some of them are crazy about playing computer games. Some spend too much time watching TV.提示，结合句意可知，很多青少年正在变成近视，需用进行时态，故选B。
7. D 【解析】句意：他们经常躺在床上看书或长时间看书而不休息。考查非谓语动词题。keep doing表示不间断地做某事或持续的状态。根据句意，可知选D。
8. C 【解析】句意：有些人花太多时间看电视。考查动词辨析题。A. pay付钱，和介词for连用，即pay for sth.；B. cost价值，后接数字（钱数）；C. spend花费；D. take拿。几个动词都有＂花费＂的含义，但花时间做某事，常用take和spend，可排除A和B。take后面常接不定式，多用于it takes sb. some time to do sth.；spend后接介词on（可省略），构成固定短语spend...on...。根据句意和结构，可知选C。
10. D 【解析】句意：我认为青少年应该想办法解决这些问题。考查动词短语和动词形式辨析。how to do怎么做，是固定短语，to do是不定式，可排除A、C选项。deal with解决，固定短语。根据句意，可知选D。
（二）
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文，谈论了青少年的视力下降问题，给出了三种通过足部训练解救视力的方法，分别是：尽量穿舒适柔软的鞋子和袜子；用脚尖走路；跳绳。最后，补充了拉耳朵训练能保持眼睛健康。
3. C 【解析】句意：这里有三种方法可以挽救眼睛。考查名词辨析。A. messages信息；B. roads道路；C. ways方法；D. ideas想法。根据下文内容，作者给出了三种通过足部训练来保护视力的方法，故选C。
4. B 【解析】句意：尽量穿舒适柔软的鞋子和袜子。考查名词辨析。A. clothes衣服；B. socks袜子；C. shirts衬衫；D. trousers裤子。根据句意，结合下文walking without shoes or socks at home.可知选B。
5. D 【解析】句意：旅行时穿布鞋，以改善血液循环。考查动词辨析。cloth shoes布鞋；穿鞋，需用动词wear，根据句意，可知选D。
6. C 【解析】句意：其次，用脚尖走路对一个人的视力有好处。be good for对……有益。考查介词辨析。根据句意，可知选C。
7. B 【解析】句意：研究表明，大多数的芭蕾舞演员的视力都很好。考查代词辨析。A. all全部；B. most大多数；C. none没有一人；D. few极少，表否定。most of大多数。根据句意和生活实际，可知ACD都不合句意，故选B。
8. B 【解析】句意：第三，跳绳对视力有好处。考查系词辨析。be good for对……有益。句子主语rope skipping属于三单人称，系词需用is。根据句意，可知选B。
9. B 【解析】句意：它也可能使人长高。考查动词辨析。A. making动词make的现在分词形式；B. make使成为，使产生；C. like喜欢；D. find发现。may可以，后接原形动词。根据句意，联系上文making both the brain and the eyes excited.所用动词是make，可知选B。
10. B 【解析】句意：拉耳朵也是很好的。考查名词辨析。A. hair头发；B. ears耳朵；C. hand手；D. foot脚。It is good to do sth.做某事是好的（有益的），动词不定式是真正主语。根据句意，联系下文内容Pulling the ears 20 times quickly is also a good way.可知是拉耳朵，故选B。
真题再现
【文章大意】本文介绍污水的产生及对人的危害和处理，号召人们节约用水。
1. B 【解析】考查动词。句意：它不仅使我们思考水的重要性，也号召我们节约和保护水。A. drink喝；B. save节约；C. carry搬动；D. watch观看。根据大意介绍知道是节约和保护水资源，故选B。
4. C 【解析】考查动词短语。句意：暴雨中街道上的雨水也会变成废水。根据also知道是与前面相同的是下雨也产生污水，故选C。A是回来，收回；B是上交；D是拾起，支付，（开车）带人，均不合文意。
5. B 【解析】考查代词。句意：不管它来自哪里，这种水肯定含有有害的东西。污水是对人有伤害的，排除A和C，it是指污水，它里面应该是物质而不是人，故选B。
6. C 【解析】考查疑问词。句意：我们为什么必须处理废水呢？A. What什么；B. Who 谁；C. Why为什么；D. How怎么样。根据后面的回答，均是原因，故选C。该句有主语和宾语，当然排除A和B。
7. C 【解析】考查名词。句意：我们必须关心我们的环境和我们自己的健康。A. work工作；B. interest兴趣；C. health健康；D. business生意。既然污水对人体与环境有危害，那么我们就应该关心环境与身体健康，故选C，其他均不合文意。#
8. D 【解析】考查介词。句意：家庭废水可以重复使用。A. on 在……上面；B. for为……；C. with和……一起；D. from来自。from homes来自家庭。故选D。
9. A 【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意：那么污水会更少。A. less 更少，little的比较级；B. more更多，many/much的比较级；C. better更好，well/good的比较级；D. worse更差，bad/badly的比较级。再次使用当然应该是减少了污水，故选A。
10. D 【解析】考查连词。句意：此外，工厂废水必须在回归自然之前加以净化。A. and和、又；B. whether是否；C. after在……之后；D. before在……之前。工厂在排放污水前应该进行处理清洁，以减少对环境的污染，故选D。
模拟检测
（一）
【文章大意】本文主要讲述了各种各样的污染，如空气污染、土壤污染、噪音污染和光线污染，以及这些污染是怎么造成的，它对我们人类有什么伤害。最后作者呼吁我们要保护环境，做环保人。
3. C 【解析】考查名词及语境的理解。A. breaths 呼吸，是名词；B. breathe 呼吸，是动词；C. breathing呼吸，是动词；句意：燃烧天然气、石油和煤会导致空气污染，它可能导致眼睛痛和呼吸问题。在这里做定语修饰后面的名词problems，故用现在分词breathing。故选C。
4. A 【解析】考查名词和动词及语境的理解。A. development 发展，是名词；B. develop 发展，是动词；C. developed发展，是动词；句意：随着污染的增加和工业的发展，垃圾到处是。With + the +名词+of伴随着……，故此处用名词development，故选A。
5. C 【解析】考查形容词及语境的理解。A. blind 瞎的；B. lame瘸的； C. deaf聋的；句意：噪音污染可能会使人变聋。根据后文的For example, people may lose their hearing if they work in a ___6___ place for a long time.可知噪音影响人的听力，因此会导致聋，故选C。
6. B 【解析】考查名词和形容词及语境的理解。A. noise噪音，是名词；B. noisy 喧嚣的，是形容词；C. noisily吵闹地，是副词；句意：例如，如果人们长时间在吵闹的地方工作，他们可能会失去听力。修饰名词place，故用形容词noisy，故选B。
7. A 【解析】考查副词及语境的理解。A. as well 也，位于肯定句句末，不用逗号隔开；B. too也，位于肯定句句，有逗号隔开； C. either也，位于否定句句末；句意：太多的噪音还能导致高血压。此处是肯定句句末，没有逗号，故用as well，故选A。
8. C 【解析】考查情态动词及语境的理解。A. must 一定，有把握的推测； B. should 应该；C. may可能，没有把握的推测；句意：长时间在强烈的、易变的灯光下工作可能会导致一些疾病。根据句意可知，这里只是一种可能，故选C。
9. A 【解析】考查形容词及语境的理解。A. terrible可怕的，糟糕的；B. comfortable 舒服的；C. terribly非常；句意：它会使人感到难受，尤其是对人的眼睛有害。根据句意可知，it is bad for the eyes，故这里应该表示感觉难受，故选A。
10. C 【解析】考查形容词及语境的理解。A. little 几乎没有；B. a little 一点儿；C. less更少；句意：污染越少，我们的地球就会变得越环保，我们的健康就会变得更好。根据后文的our planet will become greener and our health will be better.可知此处用比较级，故为less。故选C。
（二）
【文章大意】本文主要谈论了技术提供了人们的交流方法的利与弊。
2. D 【解析】句意：我看到青少年到处发短信。A. here这儿；B. there那儿； C. somewhere某处； D. everywhere每个地方，到处。根据下文They text while talking to someone else, at the dinner table, in the car and at the movies.（他们发短信和别人聊天，或在餐桌上、或在汽车里、或在电影院里。）结合句意和选项可知选D。
3. B 【解析】句意：正如你所看到的，我非常反对技术，但它有很多有益的方面。A. for为了，对于；B. against反对，违反；C. with用，随着，支持，和……在一起 ；D. behind落后于，支持。Be against sth.(doing sth.反对做某事；根据句意和语境可知选B。
4. A 【解析】句意：在微信的帮助下，它可以很容易找到他们，问他们是否愿意亲自做的事情。A. reach到达，影响，抵达，伸出； B. lose失去，错过，遗失，耽搁；C. win赢得，在……中获胜；D. control控制，管理，抑制。根据下文Staying in touch can be done in person as much as over technology.（亲自保持联系和通过技术保持联系内容一样多。）结合句意可知选A。%
5. C 【解析】句意：有些人结交新朋友有困难，而互联提供了通过聊天室结识新朋友的途径。A. fun乐趣；B. time时间；时代；次数；倍数； C. trouble麻烦； D. trust信任，信赖；盼望。Have fun doing sth：高兴做某事；have time to do sth.：有时间做某事；have trouble doing sth.：做某事有困难；结合句意和语境可知选C。
6. B 【解析】句意：上恋情可能很危险，因为你永远不知道聊天的另一边是谁。A. convenient方便；B. dangerous危险的；C. important重要的； D. necessary必要的，必需的，必然的。结合句意和语境可知选B。
（三）
【文章大意】本文介绍了现在的人的浪费现象，他们觉得中国的资源是很丰富的，所以肆无忌惮地使用而不节约，本文呼吁我们要停止浪费，节约资源，保护环境。
3. A 【解析】考查形容词的比较级及语境的理解。A. more比较级；B. many原级；C. much原级；D. most最高级。由than可知此题要用比较级，故选A。
4. B 【解析】考查连词及语境的理解。 A. after在……后；B. before在……前；C. since自从；D. whether 是否。结合语境可知是他们在离开教室前忘记关灯，故选B。
5. C 【解析】考查动词。句意：有人说中国在一些资源上很富有的，如：煤、油、树等等。句子的主语someone与say之间是主动关系，这里指现在的人们经常这样说，所以句子用一般现在时。根据They even say ＂___6___rich our country is!这里可知，这里指人们现在说的情况。故选C。
6. A 【解析】考查感叹句的结构。当修饰形容词时，感叹句要用how来引导，此题中是修饰形容词rich，所以用how即可。故选A。
7. D 【解析】考查动词时态。由in 100 years和if引导的条件状语从句可知，此处是作主句的谓语，从句we go on wasting用的一般现在时，主句要用一般将来时，选D。A和B用于一般现在时，C用于一般过去时。故选D。&
8. C 【解析】考查动词短语。be/feel worried about表示担心，故选C。
9. D 【解析】考查宾语从句。A. what什么；B. when什么时候；C. that在宾语从句中没有词义；D. how怎样。分析句子可知空格处引导的宾语从句作know的宾语，且从句中不缺主语，宾语或表语，不能选A；结合语境可知此处意思为如果没有这些资源我们要如何生存，选D。
10. C 【解析】考查副词。A. care名词，关怀；动词，照顾；B. carefulness名词，细心；C. carefully副词，仔细地；D. careful形容词，小心的。此题是修饰动词短语think about，所以要用副词来修饰，故选C。
11. A 【解析】考查定语从句。此句的先行词students指人，且在从句中作主语，所以要用who来引导；B不用于定语从句；C在定语从句中作状语；D可以作主语，但主要用于修饰事物，不用于修饰人，故选A。
14. C 【解析】考查固定短语。little by little表示渐渐的，一点一点地，选C，其他介词无此搭配。故选C。
15. C 【解析】考查代词。do one's best表示尽某人最大的努力，所以要用形容词性物主代词our。故选C。