考点34 连词that引导的宾语从句-备战2018年中考英语考点一遍过

考点三十四 连词that引导的宾语从句
宾语从句是中考必考考点之一，主要考查的是时态及宾语从句的语序，有时也会考查宾语从句的引导词。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也会考查到宾语从句。因此生要熟练掌握宾语从句的用法。
中考考查重点：
1. 引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择；
2. 宾语从句的语序；
3. 宾语从句的时态。
考向一: 宾语从句的种类
宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。
1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。
He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.
She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.
I am sure (that) he will succeed.
2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?
He asked whose handwriting was the best.
Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?
I don’t know why the train is late.
3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是＂是否＂。
I want to know if (whether) he lives there.
He asked me whether (if) I could help him.
考向二: 宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序，即按照主语、谓语的顺序。
1. 陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。
He is an honest boy. The teacher said.
→ The teacher said(that) he was an honest boy.
2. 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。
Does he work hard? I wonder.
→ I wonder if/whether he works hard.
【典例】 Miss Green didn’t tell us _______________ in 2002.
A. where does she live B. Where she lives
C. where did she live D. where she lived
【答案】D
考向三: 宾语从句主句与从句时态一致的问题。
1. 如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。
I remember he gave me a book yesterday.
He has told me that he’ll leave for New York tomorrrow.
I don’t think (that) you are right.
Please tell us where he is.
Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?
【典例】1. Would you please tell me _______________?
A. when did he come home
B. where he would play football
C. if he had seen the film
D. why he didn’t watch the game
【答案】D
【解析】该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。主句用的实际上是现在时，宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈述句的语序和一般过去时。~
2. I don’t know when _______________.
A. will the train leave B. the train will leave
C. would the train leave D. the train leave
【答案】B
2. 如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），那么宾语从句一定要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。
He told me that he would take part in the high jump.
He asked what time it was.
He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.
He asked if you had written to Peter.
He said that he would go back to the US soon.
3. 如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。
Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.
Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.
He told me that the earth is round.
宾语从句须注意，几点事项应牢记。
一是关键引导词，不同句子词相异。
陈述句子用that；一般疑问是否(if，whether)替；
特殊问句更好办，引导还用疑问词。
二是时态常变化，主句不同从句异。
主句若为现在时，从句时态应看意；
主句若为过去时，从句时态向前移。
三是语序要记清，从句永保陈述序。
that引导的宾语从句
that 是宾语从句的一个引导词，放在主句和从句之间。它引导的宾语从句由陈述句转化而来，故从句的语序不变。在that 引导的宾语从句中，that 作连接代词，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中通常可以省略。
一、that 引导的宾语从句的用法
1. 位置：that 引导的宾语从句通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）、介词或形容词之后。
①作及物动词，如：say，think，tell，know，hear，see，hope，wish，remember，forget等的宾语。如：　
She says that she will help me learn English this evening.
她说今天晚上她会帮我英语。
②作介词的宾语：连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except，but，in之后。如：
He is a good boy except that he is careless.
他是一个好男孩，只是有点儿粗心。
③作＂be + 形容词＂结构的宾语。某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，如：sure，glad，certain，pleased，sorry，happy，afraid等，连词that可省略。如：
I’m happy (that) I passed the exam. 我很高兴我通过了考试。
2. 时态：主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据具体情况选用适当的时态；主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句中也必须用过去的某种时态。试比较：
He says that he wants to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。
He said that he wanted to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。
【特别提醒】
当主句是一般过去时，而宾语从句的内容表示的是客观真理、事实、原理、自然现象、名言警句、格言、谚语等时，此时宾语从句用一般现在时，这些情况下不受主句时态的限制。如：
The teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun. 老师告诉我们地球围绕着太阳转。
3. 引导词that可以省略的几种情况：
引导宾语从句的连词that通常可以省略：
She said (that) she would come to the meeting. 她说过要来开会的。
I promise you (that) I will be there. 我答应你我会去的。
I hoped (that) I would / should succeed. 我曾希望我会成功。
He thinks (that) they will give him a visa. 他想他们会给他签证。
He thought (that) they would give him a visa. 他本想他们会给他签证。
I expect (that) the plane will be diverted. 我料想飞机会改变航线。
I expected (that) the plane would be diverted. 我本料想飞机会改变航线。
Everybody knows (that) money doesn’t grow on trees. 众所周知，金钱是不会从树上长出来的。
I suggested (that) they should / shouldn’t drive along the coast. 我建议他们沿着 / 不要沿着海岸开车。
【注意】有时为了强调，that引导的宾语从句可位于句首，此时that不可省略：
That she is a good girl I know. 她是一个好姑娘，我是知道的。
4. 引导词that不能省略的几种情况：
that在引导宾语从句时，并不是在任何情况下都可以省略，在以下几种情况下，that不能省略。
①从句的主语是that时，that不能省略；
We know that is an interesting film. 我们知道那是一部有趣的电影。
②and连接的两个表示陈述意义的宾语从句并列时，有时省去第一个从句的连词that，但第二个从句的连词that一般不可以省略。如：
He told me (that) they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice.
他告诉我他们决定不了去做什么并且问了我的意见。
③that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。如：
I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.
对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。
5. 如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。如：
We thought it strange that Xiao Zhang did not come yesterday.
小张昨天没来，我们觉得很奇怪。
6. 宾语从句的否定转移。
在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词后的宾语从句，当主句的主语是第一人称时，谓语尽管是否定的意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式，英语称这种现象为否定转移。如：
①我认为今晚他不能来。
【误】I think he can’t come this evening.
【正】I don’t think he can come this evening.
②他认为我们现在不在教室里。
【误】He doesn’t think we are in the classroom now.
【正】He thinks we are not in the classroom now.
【特别警示】
含有＂否定转移＂现象的句子，主句的主语必须是第一人称，此时，变成反意疑问句，附加问句要由从句来决定；如果主句的主语是其他人称，附加问句要由主句来决定。如：
I don’t think he is right, is he? 我认为他不对，是吗？
He thinks I can come, doesn’t he? 他认为我能来，是不是？
7. 如果宾语从句中含有否定意义的副词或形容词。如：hardly，never，seldom，no，few，little等，其反意疑问句要用肯定形式。如：
We find that he seldom goes to visit his mother, does he?
我们发现他不常看望他的妈妈，是吗？
8. that引导的宾语从句变成被动语态时，只变主句，不变从句。实际上，我们经常把It is said that ...（据说……）；It is known that ...（众所周知……）；It is reported that ...（据报告……）等当作固定句式来运用。如：
It is said that he is from Canada. 据说他来自加拿大。
I. 句型转换
1. I wonder where we should go next.
Could you tell me where we _____ _____ next? (同义句)
Could you tell me where _____ _____ next? (同义句)
2. He can’t come to the party today. I think. (合并成一句)
I _____ think he _________to the party tomorrow.
3. 你能告诉我一个度假的好地方吗？
Could you tell me ______ _________ ______ ________ go for vacation?
4. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us? (改为复合句)
Could you tell us_________ Mr. Brown _________ living in China?
5. I got home in the rain. I left my umbrella in the classroom. (合并为一句)
When I _________home in the rain, I realized I_________ _________my umbrella in the classroom.
6. Don’t play football in the street. The policeman told the boys.(合并为一句)
The policeman told the boys_________ _________ play football in the street.
7. 你能告诉我重庆哪里有博物馆吗？
Could you tell me________ _________ _________ a museum in Chongqing?
II. 单项选择
1. The teacher told us _____________ the earth moves around the sun.
A. whether B. if C. who D. that
2. Mr. Zhang doesn’t doubt _____________ Mike has told his parents the truth.
A. whether B. who C. when D. that
3. —Excuse me, could you please tell me if the meeting _____________ on time?
—If it _____________ tomorrow, we’ll have to put it off.
A. will hold；snows B. will be held；snows
C. will be held；snow D. holds；will snow
4. I know _____________ I promised to take you to dinner, but I won’t finish working until ten o’clock.
A. if B. that C. what D. why
1. （2017﹒黑龙江齐齐哈尔）—I want to know if he _____________ back tomorrow.
—I’ll call you as soon as _____________.
A. will come; will return B. will come; returns C. comes; will return
2.（2017﹒黑龙江哈尔滨）—I wonder if our foreign teacher Mr. White _____________ to his hometown next Tuesday.
—I’m not sure. But if he returns to his hometown, I’ll _____________ him off.
A. return；see B. will return；see C. will return；will see
3.（2017﹒四川南充）—Excuse me. Could you please tell me _____________?
—Sure. Go along this street and turn left. It’s on your right.
A. when I can get to the bookstore B. when can I get to the bookstore
C. how I can get to the bookstore D. how can I get to the bookstore
4.（2016﹒黑龙江哈尔滨）—Look at the man in blue! Do you know _____________?
—Oh, he is a policeman.
A. what does he B. what he does C. how he does
1. （四川省苍溪县东溪片区2018届九年级上期第一次月考）I wonder _____________ June is a good time to visit Hong Kong.
A. that B. when C. whether
2.（江苏省常州市2017届九年级下期教情况调研测试）—Do you think ____________ he has taken the bag?
—_____________ I’m mistaken.
A. that; Until B. whether; If
C. that; Unless D. whether; Unless
3.（江苏省无锡市青阳片2017届九年级下期期中）No one doubted _____________ the Germans _____________ win the 2018World Cup again.
A. if; can B. whether; could
C. that; could D. that; can
4. Mr. Smith _____________ is smoking is looking for _____________ he lost yesterday.
A. whom；which B. who；what
C. that；who D. which；where
5. Lily said she _____________ a new piano the next day.
A. buys B. will buy C. would buy D. bought
6. He said _____________ he was doing his homework.
A. if B. when C. that D. where
7. —The Dragon Boat races are so exciting, but our boat is still behind.
—Don’t worry. I’m sure _____________ our team will win!
A. if B. that C. whether D. why
8. I hope _____________ it will snow this winter.
A. when B. if C. whether D. /
9. —Do you believe _____________ man can live on Mars in the future.
—It’s hard to say. Scientists are still not sure _____________ we can grow plants on Mars.
A. if；that B. whether；if
C. that；that D. that；whether
10. Mary said _____________ there was a car outside.
A. what B. whether C. that
跟踪训练
I. 句型转换
1. could go；to go 2. don’t；can 3. a good place to 4. if；enjoys
5. got；had left 6. not to 7. where there is
II. 单项选择
2. D 【解析】句意：张先生相信迈克告诉了他的父母真相。A. whether 是否；B. who谁；C. when何时；D. that宾语从句的引导词。who, when在引导宾语从句时是要作句子成分的，此句的宾语从句不缺少成分，故排除B、C；doesn’t doubt相当于believes，结合句意可知，从句只是陈述，不表疑问，故答案为D。
3. B 【解析】句意：——对不起，请你告诉我会议是否将如期举行？——-如果明天下雪，我们将不得不推迟。在问句中if 表示＂是否＂，引导宾语从句，而the meeting和hold是被动关系，故应该使用一般将来时的被动语态。在答句中if表示＂如果＂，引导条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句常用一般现在时表将来，故选B。
4. B 【解析】句意：我知道我答应过要带你去吃饭，但直到十点钟我才会完成工作。考查宾语从句引导词。A. if是否的意思，常引导一般疑问句作宾语的宾语从句；B. that无任何意义，引导是陈述句的宾语从句，常省略；C. what开头的特殊疑问句的宾语从句，从句需用陈述语序；D. why引导的特殊疑问句的宾语从句，从句需用陈述语序，结合句意和语境可知选B。
真题再现
1. B 【解析】句意：——我想知道他明天是否回来。——他一回来我就打电话给你。分析句子得知，在I want to know if he _____back tomorrow中，if引导的宾语从句，意思是＂是否＂而不是＂如果＂，时态不遵循主将从现，根据后文tomorrow，故用一般将来时态will come，下文中as soon as 表示一……就，它引导的时间状语从句，主句是一般将来时，as soon as 引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时，结合句意和语境可知选B。
2. B 【解析】句意：——不知我们的外籍教师怀特先生下星期二是否回家乡。——我不确定。但是如果他回家乡，我会送他。连词if有两种用法，一是引导宾语从句，意思是＂是否＂，当主句是一般现在时态时，从句可为需要的任意时态；二是引导条件状语从句，意思是＂如果＂，时态遵循＂主将从现＂。故选B。
3. C 【解析】句意：——打扰一下，你能告诉我怎样到达书店吗？——当然可以。沿着这条街走，然后向左拐，就在你的右手边。宾语从句应该用陈述句语序，所以排除B、D；根据回答Go along this street and turn left.可知在问路，故选C。
模拟检测
1. A 【解析】句意：我在想六月是一个参观香港的好时间。本题考查宾语从句的引导词。从句意看，宾语从句是陈述句，用that引导。故选A。
2. C 【解析】句意：——你认为他已经拿走了书包吗？——除非我弄错了。第一空后that引导的宾语从句，that在句中不作成分，只起连接的作用。根据句意句子意思完整。故第一空应该选that；until直到；if是否，如果；unless除非。故选C。%
3. C 【解析】句意：没有人怀疑德国人再一次赢得了2018年的世界杯。doubt的肯定形式，后面接的宾语从句用问句；doubt是否定形式时，后面接的宾语从句用陈述句。根据No one作主语，故表示没有人怀疑，这是doubt的否定形式，故后面用that引导的陈述句作宾语从句。doubted是一般过去时，故后面接的宾语从句的谓语用过去式，故为could，故选C。
4. B 【解析】句意：正在抽烟的Mr. Smith正在寻找昨天他丢失的东西。第一个空是定语从句的关系词，先行词是Mr. Smith是指人，关系词用who，在定语从句中作主语，排除A；第二个空是作介词的宾语，用what来引导，在这里是指他丢的东西，用疑问词what来引导。故选B。
5. C 【解析】解析：句意：莉莉说她第二天会买一架新钢琴。主句用的是一般过去时，而从句中的时间状语为the next day，因此从句用过去将来时即可，过去将来时的结构为would do。故答案选C。
8. D 【解析】我希望这个冬天会下雪。这是一个含有宾语从句的复合句，A. when什么时候；B. if 是否；C. whether是否，当宾语从句不缺少任何句子成分，则引导词为that，它常常可以省略，故选D。
9. D 【解析】句意：——你认为人类将来能在火星上生活吗？——很难说。家们还不能确定我们是否能在火星上种植植物。第一个句子believe后面接的是宾语从句，结合句意可知，从句并不是表示疑问，故由that来引导，在答语中not sure有不确定的意思，后面跟宾语从句时由if/whether来引导，表示有疑问，故答案为D。*
10. C 【解析】句意：Mary说外面发生了一起车祸。宾语从句中不缺句子成分，此题用that引导宾语从句，that在句中不作任何成分。故选C。