考点30 关系代词引导的定语从句-备战2018年中考英语考点一遍过

命题趋势：
定语从句是中考必考考点之一，主要考查的是时态及宾语从句的语序，有时也会考查定语从句的引导词。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也会考查到定语从句。因此生要熟练掌握定语从句的用法。关系代词引导的定语从句最为常见和常考。
中考考查重点：
关系代词的用法；
在复合句中修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。定语从句所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose。
【图示】
考向一: 定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
考向二: 定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。
考向三: 关系代词的基本用法
作主语
作宾语
作定语
指人
who/that
who/whom/that/省略
whose
指物
which/that
which/that/省略
The man who/that spoke at the meeting is from Hong Kong. 会上发言的人来自香港。
The building which/that is being built will be used as a hospital. 在建中的这幢建筑将用作医院。
I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the world. 我拜访了一位世界知名的家。
【典例】I don’t know the teacher ______________ is talking with Miss Wang.
A. what B. whom C. which D. who
【答案】D
【解析】所填写词引导定语从句，修饰先行词teacher，并在从句中作主语，故用关系代词who。
【注意】1. 当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持主谓一致。
He is one of the boys who like playing basketball. 他是喜欢打篮球的男孩子之一。
He is the one of the boys who likes playing basketball. 他就是那个喜欢打篮球的男孩子。
2. 通常在以下六种情况下只能用that而不能用which：
（1）先行词为all，much，something，everything，nothing，little，none，the one等代词时。
That is all that I want to say. 那就是我想要说的。
【典例】—Is that all?
—Yes. That’s all ______________ I want to take.
A. which B. that C. who D. whose
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——就这些？——是的，这就是我要买的所有东西。which，that的先行词都是物，但当先行词是all等不定代词时，关系代词一般只用that；who的先行词只能是人；whose一般在从句中作定语。故选B。
（2）先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.。
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
This is the most wonderful film that I have seen. 这是我看过的最精彩的电影。
Look at the apples. You can see the two that you gave me. 看这些苹果。你能看到你给我的那两个。
（3）以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that。
Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？
（4）先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which。
This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
Mr. Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他唯一认识的外国人。
（5）先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which。
We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited. 我们访问过的老师和校给我们留下了深刻的印象。
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
（6）先行词在主句中作表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时。
It’s a book that will help you a lot. 这是一本对你很有帮助的书。
（7）主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which。
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
3. 关系词只能用which，而不用that的情况：
（1）先行词为that， those时，用which，而不用that。
What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？
（2）关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that。
This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。
（3）引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that。
Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。
一、
二、
三、
四、
五、
六、

七、

八、
九、
1. —What are you looking for?
—I’m looking for a book _______________ tells the history of England.
A. which B. who C. what D. where
2. —What are you doing?
—I’m reading the book _______________ you lent me last week.
A. what B. who C. when D. that
3. —Why do you call him Mr. Knowledgeable?
—Because he knows almost everything _______________ we want to know.
A. which B. what C. that D. who
4. —I heard that Shao Yifu passed away.
—Yes, he is a great man _______________ donated billions of dollars to charity, schools and hospitals.
A. who B. whom C. which D. /
5. No one knows _______________ in the future.
A. what will be happen B. what will happen
C. what will it happen D. what it will happen
6. He always forgets all the things _______________ he needs to do.
A .what B. that C. what D. which
7. —In a text message, 88 means Bye-bye.
—And another example is F2F _______________ stands for face to face.
A. that B. who C. whom D. it
8. After Mandela was free (自由的) in 1990, he chose to shake hands with the people _______________ wanted to kill him.
A. whose B. which C. / D. who
9. The book in _______________ I have much interest now is Around the World in Eighty Days.
A. that B. who C. which D. whose
10. He always forgets all the things _______________ he needs to do.
A .what B. that C. that what D. which
11. —Did you travel anywhere this vacation?
—Yes. I was shown around an old house _______________ was built in 1806.
A. where B. what C. that
12. Someone _______________ you know might really need the money.
A. which B. what C. that D. who
13. This is the best show _______________ I have seen so far.
A. when B. what C. that
14. The man _______________ lives next to us is my English teacher.
A. whom B. which C. who
1. （2016 ? 山东滨州）—Which song do you like better, Maria？
—I prefer the song Manual of Youth _______________ is sung by TFBOYS.
A. which B. who C. whom D. where
2. （2016 ? 广西来宾）The students love the teachers _______________ can make their lessons fun.
A. whom B. who C. whose D. which
3. （2016 ? 湖北随州）The policeman has caught the thief _______________ stole Mr. Li’s wallet.
A. whose B. who C. whom D. which
4. （2017 ? 四川成都）A kind of shared bike ______ is called bluegogo is getting more and more popular in Chengdu.
A. it B. who C. which
5. （2016 ? 黑龙江哈尔滨）—Shakespeare(莎士比亚）is a great writer _______________ is considered as a genius (天才）.
—I think so. Many people around the world admire him very much.
A. when B. who C. which
6. （2016 ? 湖北黄石）Xiandao Lake in Yangxin is the famous place _______________ we’ll visit next week.
A. that B. who C. where D. whom
7. （2016 ? 贵州黔东南州中考）The teenagers like the musician _______________ different kinds of music.
A. who play B. which plays C. who plays D. that play
8. （2016 ? 贵州黔南州中考）—Where is the camera _______________ my father bought in Japan?
—Oh, let me see. I put it in your suitcase.
A. when B. whose C. that D. what
9. （2016 ? 河南中考）Theaters may have a brighter future if they can provide a movie experience _______________ people cannot get at home.
A. that B. who C. whom D. what
10. （2016 ? 黑龙江大庆中考）Everyone was surprised at the photos _______________ were taken by Mr. Thomas in the deep sea.
A. who B. / C. what D. which
11. （2016 ? 四川绵阳中考）I prefer movies _______________ me something to think about.
A. which gives B. that gives C. that give D. who give
12. （2016 ? 黑龙江龙东地区中考）To be a better man is the best soap opera _______________ I have ever seen.
A. that B. where C. who
13. （2016 ? 湖北黄冈中考）—I really want to relax myself. Could we see City Danger tonight?—Sure! The actor _______________ a hero used to be a schoolteacher. I like him very much.
A. who play B. which plays C. who plays D. that play
14. （2016 ? 四川成都）The woman _______________ is singing on the TV show is our English teacher.
A. who B. which C. whose
15. （2017 ? 湖北省随州市中考）—Why are you so worried?
—I’ve lost the watch _______________ my dad bought me on my birthday.
A. what B. who C. whose D. which
16. （2017 ? 吉林省中考）Ode to Joy（《欢乐颂》）is a TV play _______________ many people like.
A. why B. that C. who
1. （2016 ? 湖南长沙麓山国际实验校九年级第二次模拟）I’ll never forget the poor school _______________ I visited three years ago.
A. which B. where C. Who
2. （2016 ? 云南省曲靖市一中九年级三月月考）I still remember the college and the teachers _______________ I visited in London two years ago.
A. which B. who C. what D. that
3. （2016 ? 云南昆明市三中九年级上期末考试）—Do you know the little boy _______________ is helping the old man cross the road?
—No. But how nice he is!
A. which B. who C.whom D.
4. （2016 ? 云南昆明市三中九年级上期末考试）Who is the lady _______________ is standing under the tree?
A.who B.whose C.which D.that
5. （2015 ? 麓山国际实验校九年级下限时测试）The woman _______________ son won the first prize in the competition was very proud.
A. who B. which C. whose
6. （2015 ? 云南昆明市第三中九年级上期末）I prefer musicians _______________ write their own lyrics.
A. what B. which C. who D. whom
7.（2016 ? 无锡锡北一模）—I saw your mother at the airport this morning. Do you know _______________ she was there?
—Oh, she went there to meet her friend.
A. how B.whether C. why
8.（2016 ? 漳州质检）—Mom, shall we go hiking tomorrow?
—Oh, dear. That depends on _______________ it is fine tomorrow.
A. how B. whether C. what
9. 句型转换。
（1）The girl is my cousin. The girl is wearing glasses. （改为定语从句）
The girl _______________ wearing g1asses is my cousin.
（2）Zhai zhigang became the first Chinese astronaut to walk in space. （改为定语从句）
Zhai zhigang became the first Chinese astronaut _______________ _______________ in space.
（3）The girl with a flower in her hand is my sister. （改为含定语从句的复合句）
The girl _______________ _______________ a flower in her hand is my sister.
（4）That’s quite a beautiful house. I used to live in it. （合并成含有定语从句的复合句）
The house _______________ I used to live in _______________ quite beautiful.
（5）The man with a pair of glasses is my physics teacher. （改为定语从句）
The man _______________ _______________ a pair of glasses is my physics teacher.
【跟踪训练】
1. A【解析】句意：——你正在找什么？——我正在找一本讲解英国历史的书。根据先行词是物，所以引导词用which 或者that，故选A。
2. D【解析】句意：——你在干什么？——我在读上周你借给我的书。what什么；who谁；when当……的时候； that那。先行词the book表示物，在定语从句中作宾语，可以用关系代词that代替，故选D。
3. C【解析】句意：——你为什么叫他万事通先生? ——因为他几乎知道一切我们想知道的。1)先行词是不定代词：all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等。2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。3)先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰。4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰时。5)先行词既有人又有物时。故选C。
4. A【解析】句意：——我听说邵逸夫去世了。——是的，他是一个伟大的人，他捐赠数十亿美元给慈善机构，校和医院。这是一个定语从句，先行词是人，故用who/whom引导，在从句中作主语时用who，故选A。
6. B【解析】句意：他总是忘记所有他需要去做的事情。本题考查定语从句的用法，先行词是all the things，故关系词用that。故选B。
7. A【解析】句意：——在短信中，88的意思是再见。——另一个例子是F2F表示面对面。结合语境可知下文先行词F2F作下文定语从句的逻辑主语，指物，故引导词用that，选A。
8. D【解析】句意：在一九九零年，Mandela获得自由之后，他选择了和曾经想要杀他的人握手。分析：考查定语从句的用法，先行词people，先行词在从句中作主语，因此选择引导词who。故选D
9. C【解析】句意：现在我有很大兴趣的那本书是《环游世界80天》。根据句意及题干分析此题是考查定语从句，先行词是the book，关系词代替the book且在定语从句中作介词in的宾语，和in连用只能用which，故选C。
10. B【解析】句意：他总是忘记他需要做的所有事情。he needs to do是定语从句，先行词是things，当先行词是不定代词all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one时或被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰时，用引导词that。故选B。
11. C【解析】句意：——这个假期你去任何地方旅游了吗？——是的，我参观了一个在1806年建造的房子。这里考查定语从句，先行词是物，关系词用that来引导。故选C。
12. C【解析】句意：你认识的某个人可能真的需要钱。you know 这里缺少的是一个宾语成分，而这是一个定语从句，someone是先行词，当先行词是不定代词的时候，关系代词用that，故选C。
13. C【解析】句意：这是我迄今看过的最好的展示。根据句意及题干分析此题是考查定语从句，先行词是物并有最高级修饰，关系词代替先行词并在定语从句中作宾语，所以关系词用that，故选C。
14. B【解析】句意：那个住在我们旁边的人是我的英语老师。根据句意及题干分析此题是考查定语从句，先行词是the man，关系词代替先行词并在定语从句中作主语，所以用who，故选C。
【真题再现】
3. B【解析】句意：警察已经抓住了那个偷了李先生钱包的贼。修饰先行词the thief的定语从句中，缺少主语，故用代词who。故选B。
4. C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：一种被称为小蓝单车的共享单车在成都变得越来越受欢迎。空格前后都是句子，所以空格处应该用连词，故排除A；这里先行词是bike，指物，who指人的，故排除B；which是指物的；故选C。
5. B【解析】句意：——莎士比亚是个伟大的作家，被人们认为是个天才的作家。——我认为是那样。全世界许多人都非常仰慕他。定语从句用来充当句中定语的成分，被修饰的名词叫先行词，连接主从句的是关系词。关系词分：关系代词：who， whom， whose， which， that。关系副词：where，when why等。一般的who用于指代人的先行词，which用来指代物的先行词，that既可指人又可指物。根据先行词是人，故选B。
6. A【解析】句意：阳新的仙岛湖是我们下周要参观的著名的地方。本句考查定语从句，先行词是place，从句意来看，其在定语从句中作visit的宾语，指事物，因此关系词用that。故选A。
7. C【解析】句意：青少年喜欢演奏不同种类音乐的音乐家。the musician是先行词，后面跟的是它的定语从句。先行词musician指人，用who、that引出宾语从句，B错；关系词在定语从句中作主语，定语从句的谓语与先行词保持一致。musician是单数，谓语用单数plays。故选C。
8. C【解析】句意：——我父亲在日本买的相机在哪儿？——哦，让我看一看，我把它放在你的手提箱里了。the camera是先行词，后面跟的是它的定语从句，先行词the camera指事物，关系词用that/which。故选C。
9. A【解析】句意：如果剧院可以提供人们在家无法获得的电影经历，它们会有一个光明的未来。此处修饰先行词experience的定语从句，并且作为动词get的宾语，故此处用关系代词that，故选A。
10. D【解析】句意：大家都对托马斯在深海里拍的那些相片感到惊奇。photos是先行词，后面是跟的它的定语从句。photos指事物，关系词用that, which；关系词在定语从句里作主语，不能省略，故选D。
11. C【解析】句意：我较喜欢给予我一些思考的电影。movies是先行词，后面是它的定语从句。先行词movies指事物，关系词用that/which，关系词that/which在定语从句中作主语，谓语的单、复数与先行词movies一致，movies是复数，谓语用动词原形。故选C。
14. A【解析】句意：在电视节目上唱歌的那名女士是我们的英语老师。此句是定语从句，先行词是人时用引导词who或that；此句先行词是人The woman，要用引导词who或that，并在后面的从句中作主语。故选A。
15. D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：——你为什么这么担心？——我丢了爸爸给我买了我的生日礼物我的手表。这里是定语从句，先行词是watch手表，是物，所以关系词用which，故选D。
16. B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：欢乐颂是一部很多人喜欢的电视剧。A. why 为什么；B. that 在定语从句中，可以指人，也可以指物。 C. who在定语从句中做主语指人。先行词是a TV play指物，关系词在定语从句中做宾语，所以用that，故选B。*
【模拟检测】
1. A【解析】句意：我永远不会忘记三年之前我参观的那个贫穷的校。这里是which引导的定语从句，先行词是the poor school，关系词用which。故选A。
2. D【解析】句意：我仍然记得两年前在伦敦我访问的大和老师。根据句意及题干分析此题是考查定语从句的用法，先行词是the college and the teachers，既有人也有物，所以关系词只能用that，故选D。
3. B【解析】句意：——你认识帮助老人过马路的那个小男孩吗？——不，但他是多么的好呀！先行词the little boy在定语从句中作主语，可以用关系代词who代替，故选B。
4. D【解析】句意：站在树下的那位女士是谁？who谁；whose谁的；which哪一个；that那。先行词the lady在定语从句中作主语，在主句中含有疑问词who，所以可以用关系代词that代替。故选D。
5. C【解析】句意：在这个比赛中这个妇女的儿子赢得一等奖她非常的骄傲。本题考查定语从句的的用法，关系词在定语从句中作定语故用whose.。故选C。
7. C【解析】句意：——我今天早上在机场看到你妈妈了，你知道为什么她在那吗？——哦，她去那接她的朋友去了。how怎么；whether是否；why为什么。故选C。
8. B【解析】句意：——妈妈，明天我们能一起去郊游吗？——哦，亲爱的。那要看明天天气是否好了。how怎么；whether是否；what什么。故选B。
9. 句型转换。
（1）who/that is （2）that walked
（3）who/that has/holds
（4）which, is
（5）who/that wears/has