考点46 阅读理解之记叙文-备战2018年中考英语考点一遍过

考点四十六 阅读理解之记叙文
一、材料特点
人物故事类的阅读理解是中考英语的常考材料之一。这类文章一般可分为人物传记和短篇故事两类。
1. 人物传记主要涉及某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长和奋斗历程等，其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，脉络清楚，可读性较强。
2. 短篇故事与人物传记不同的是，这类文章一般描述的是某一件具体事情的发生发展或结局，有人物、时间、地点和事件。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的态度及意图、故事前因和后果的推测等方面着手，考查考生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。
二、解题技巧
1. 阅读人物传记类文章时应该抓住时间线索来获取有关信息，即主人翁在某个时间做过什么，然后通过分析推理、综合归纳的方法进行解题。
2. 阅读短篇故事类材料时，同们一定要根据主要情节掌握文章主旨大意，同时抓住每一个细节，设身处地地根据文章内容揣摩作者的态度和意图，根据情节展开想象，这样的话即使是深层理解题也可迎刃而解。
A
In 2010, writer Ding Yan made a decision to leave her hometown in west China’s Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for Dongguan, a manufacturing(制造业) capital in south China’s Guangdong Province. She wanted to experience and write about the lives of the city’s factory girls who keep the production lines (生产线) moving.
For almost a year, Ding worked at two electronics factories and a CD packaging factory. It was a difficult experience for a woman in her forties. Every day, she would put a small notebook and pen into her pocket secretly before starting her work. Much of the book was written during her short toilet breaks at work. From her experiences and the stories of the women she met came a book, Factory Girls, which came out at the end of this April.
Factory Girls describes what life is like on the production line. It describes how the women stand all day, doing the same work. They sometimes chat quietly. One time, Ding was working next to a girl who told her, ＂I really wish the production line could just stop a moment for me to take a breath (呼吸). ＂
Ding said, ＂When I really thought about it, I came to realize that there was no difference between the factory girls and me. Although I don’t work physically as hard as they do to make a living, we are all experiencing the same helpless feeling towards life. The women I met were all very good at their jobs but they didn’t have great passion (热情) for life. ＂
1. Writer Ding Yan was born in ______________.
A. Beijing B. Guangdong C. Hainan D. Xinjiang
2. How many factories did Ding work in almost a year?
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
3. What does her book Factory Girls describe?
A. Her hometown.
B. The lives of factory girls.
C. Her special life experience.
D. The production lines of the city’s factories.
4. What do we know about the factory girls on the production lines?
A. They are poor.
B. They were born in Dongguan.
C. They can do well in their jobs.
D. They can’t chat with each other at work.
5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Ding Yan is a writer of 30.
B. Ding Yan lived as a factory girl and wrote the book.
C. Much of Ding’s book was written during short toilet breaks at work.
D. Ding Yan thinks there is no difference between the factory girls and her.
B
It was the end of my junior year, the weekend before a dance. I was riding with some friends, and everyone was drinking from a bottle. When the bottle got to me, I drank too. I did not realize that it was the biggest mistake of my life. I had to drive home later that night.
I went back to my car, got in and drove off. When I saw a policeman sitting in the parking lot and his headlights turning on, I knew he was going to follow me. Oh no, that swig!
＂Can I see your license, please, Miss?＂the policeman asked me. I gave it to him. He went back to his car for a while. When he returned, he asked if I had been drinking. ＂No,＂I said. He asked me to walk out of my car.
He told me to do some actions, and I didn’t do them well. Then he asked me to take a breathalyzer（酒精测试器）test. That was where I messed up. I told him I didn’t want to. The officer asked me three more times, and I continued to refuse. He told me to turn around and place my hands behind my back. He arrested me right then and there. I’ll have to take a driving test again.
This was a huge learning experience for me. It opened my eyes to how easy it is to make a stupid decision. I want everyone reading this to know that it’s not right to drink and drive. It isn’t worth losing your license over.
1. What mistake did the writer make?
A. She rode with her friends.
B. She was too young to drink.
C. She drank and then drove a car.
D. She didn’t take her driving license.
2. When did the writer realize her mistake?
A. When she drank from the bottle. B. After she got into her car.
C. As soon as she saw the policeman. D. When the policeman went over to her.
3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. She passed the breathalyzer test.
B. She lost her driving license for drinking.
C. She kept silent in front of the policeman.
D. She drove back home as usual that night.
4. What does the writer want to tell us?
A. Don’t drive after drinking.
B. Don’t argue（争论） with a policeman.
C. Everyone has to follow the rules.
D. Be careful while we are driving.
A
（2017﹒山东泰安）Once a very rich man and his son collected valuable paintings by famous artists like Picasso, Van Gogh and Monet.
Later, the son left to join the army. After a few weeks, the old man received a letter saying his son had died while taking another soldier to a hospital. The old man became very lonely and sad.
One day, a soldier visited the old man and gave him a painting—it was a portrait（肖像）of his son. The painting of his son became the old man’s most valuable item. He told his neighbors it was the greatest gift he had ever received. The following spring, the old man died.
All of the old man’s paintings would be sold at an auction（拍卖会）. The auction began with the painting of the old man’s son.
＂Who will open the price at $100?＂ the auctioneer asked. Moments passed and no one spoke or raised their hands. Someone said, ＂Who cares about that painting? Let’s get on to the good ones.＂ More voices followed in agreement. ＂No, we must sell this one first,＂ replied the auctioneer. ＂Now, who will take the portrait of the son?＂
Finally, a good friend of the old man spoke, ＂Ten dollars!＂ ＂Will anyone go higher?＂ called the auctioneer. After more silence he said: ＂ Going once… going twice…Sold!＂ The auctioneer then announced that the whole auction was over. ＂According to the father’s will, whoever takes the son’s portrait gets the whole collection.＂ The auctioneer said.
Because of the father’s love, whoever took the son got it all.
46. How did the old man’s son die?
A. He died of a serious heart disease.
B. He died while taking another soldier to a hospital.
C.A car hit him when he went home.
D. He was killed by a doctor.
47. What was the first painting to be sold at the auction?
A. The paintings by famous artists.
B. The gift given by the old man’s neighbors.
C. The portrait of the old man’s son.
D. The most expensive collection of the old man.
48. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. At the beginning of the auction, everyone realized the importance of the painting of the son.
B. The painting of the old man’s son was as popular as the other paintings.
C. The old man’s will was to give away the whole collection to charity.
D. The old man’s good friend got the whole collection for only ten dollars.
49. What’s the best title of the passage?
A. Love is Sharing. B. An Expensive Painting
C. A Hot Auction D. Caring About the Person You Love
B
（2017﹒内蒙古赤峰）I am Alice. My sister and I spent our last summer holidays with our uncle who is a geologist (地质家) and loves to collect stones.
One day he bought us two backpacks and asked us to go to the mountain with him. We walked the whole day. Every now and then he put stones in our backpacks. To our surprise, he also took some stones out from them. But we thought he had just found better stones.
When we returned to the house, we were very tired. The backpacks were so heavy that we felt relief （轻松）when we took them off. Yet our uncle’s backpack was half empty.
＂Why did you give us so many stones?＂ we asked.
＂I didn’t. You did.＂ he said. ＂You didn’t know it, but I gave you a little attitude(态度) test today. I listened to every word you said. Whenever you were complaining (抱怨) , I added a stone to your backpacks. whenever you talked about something with positive (积极的) thinking, I took out a stone. And now look at your backpacks.＂
Our backpacks were full of stones.
＂Your negative( 消极的) thoughts are just like stones. You carry them in your mind just like those stones in your backpacks. The more negative thoughts you have, the heavier your mind will be.＂ said our uncle.
With great love, our uncle taught us one of the most important lessons it life—the power of the attitude.
26. Alice’s uncle likes to _______.
A. collect coins B. collect stones
C. collect stamps D. collect books
27. When Alice’s uncle took out some stones from her backpack, she thought ________.
A. she said too many words
B. her uncle had found better stones
C. her uncle wanted her to feel a sense of relief
D. she talked about something with positive thinking
28. Alice’s and her sister’s backpacks were full of stones because they ______
A. complained (抱怨) too much on the way B. were hard working
C. enjoyed collecting stones very much D. chose wrong backpacks to carry the stones
29. The underlined word ＂them＂ refers to ＂______＂ in the passage.
A. the stones B. the backpacks
C. the positive thoughts D. the negative thoughts
30. The writer wrote this passage to encourage us to _______
A. be pleased to take others’ advice B. have a positive attitude towards life
C. make a plan before doing something D. help people in trouble
C
（2017﹒浙江嘉兴）Kathy could still remember the night she had to leave her home in Hungary. It was the beginning of World War II and her family had to leave their country as soon as possible. She quickly filled a bag with a few pieces of clothing, her diary, and her treasure—a beautiful silk scarf.
Kathy and her best friend, Monica, had asked their parents to buy them matching scarves. They each would wear the scarves as a symbol of their friendship. Kathy had no idea that she was going to America that night and would not be returning.
Kathy kept that special silk scarf for many years. One day she decided to give it to her granddaughter, Eliza, to wear to her first job interview for good luck. Kathy was afraid that Eliza would lose the scarf, but the granddaughter promised, ＂Don’t worry, Grandma, nothing’s going to happen to your scarf. You’ll see. It is going to bring both of us luck today.＂ And with that, Eliza kissed her grandmother and left for the interview.
That afternoon Eliza left the interview, feeling sure that she had got the job. So she decided to celebrate by going to a restaurant. As she was sitting at her table, she felt someone looking at her. Sitting next to her was an old woman, who could not take her eyes away from her.
＂I’m sorry, do I know you?＂ Eliza asked.
＂I’m sorry, dear, but you make me think of someone I once knew,＂ the old woman replied. ＂My best friend looked like you and used to wear a scarf just like the one you’re wearing around your neck.＂ Eliza listened carefully, with her eyes and mouth wide open. She had heard stories of her grandmother’s best friend and knew the meaning of the scarf. Could this be Monica, her grandmother’s childhood friend?
Eliza introduced herself and waited to hear the name of the other woman.
＂My name’s Monica, dear. I lived in Hungary as a child, but my family had to leave when I was fourteen years old. I’ve been living here in California ever since.＂ said the old woman.
Eliza could not believe her ears …
42. Kathy and her family left their country because _.
A. Kathy found a job in the USA B. Kathy would study in California
C. they had no friends in Europe D. they wanted to get away from the war
43. From the underlined sentence in Paragraph 6, we can infer(推断) that Eliza felt .
A. surprised B. thankful C. sorry D. nervous
44. What would Eliza most probably do after the dinner?
A. She gave the silk scarf to Monica.
B. She went for another job interview.
C. She showed Monica around California.
D. She took Monica to meet her grandmother.
45. The best title for this passage can be .
A.A Gift from Parents B. A Scarf of Luck
C. A Successful Interview D. A Story in the War
A
（广东省深圳市耀华实验校2018届九年级上期期中）In their last moment before the flight took off, I heard a father saying to his daughter, ＂I love you, I wish you enough.＂ The daughter said, ＂Daddy, our life together has been more than enough. Your love is all I ever needed. I wish you enough too.＂ They kissed goodbye and the daughter left. I could see the father was very sad.
Suddenly the father walked towards me and asked me, ＂Did you ever say goodbye to someone knowing it would be the last time?＂
His words made me think of my father. Realizing that my father’s days were limited (有限的), I took the time to tell him face to face how much he meant to me. So I understood what this father was experiencing.
＂Yes, I did.＂ I answered, ＂But why is this a last goodbye?＂
＂I am old and my daughter lives much too far away. Maybe her next trip back will be for my funeral,＂ he said.
＂When you were saying goodbye, I heard you say ‘I wish you enough’. What does that mean?＂
He began to smile. ＂My parents used to say it to me. When we say ‘I wish you enough’, we want the other person to have a life filled with enough good things.＂ He stopped for a moment and continued, ＂I wish you enough sun to keep your attitude bright. I wish you enough rain to appreciate the sun more. I wish you enough happiness to keep your spirit alive. I wish you enough pain so that the smallest joys in life seem much bigger… I wish you enough ‘Hellos’ to get you through the final ‘Goodbye’＂.
He then said goodbye to me and walked away.
1. Where did the story happen?
A. In a hospital. B. At an airport. C. At a train station. D. In a park.
2. In the passage, ＂I wish you enough＂ means that we wish _______.
A. the other person as many good things as possible B. each other a good life
C. the other person as much sunshine as possible D. it enough rain
3. Which is NOT mentioned according to the passage?
A. The father’s parents used to say ＂I wish you enough＂.
B. The writer was the father’s friend.
C. The father was sad when his daughter left.
D. The father wished his daughter to live a happy life.
4. According to the passage, why must we be wished enough pain?
A. Because no pain, no gain.
B. Because we can keep our spirit alive.
C. Because the tiny happiness makes us feel like the great joys.
D. Because the pleasures and pains in life are necessary.
B
When Jason’s parents saw him for the first time, they were shocked. This lovely little baby with shining blue eyes and curly hair was born disabled. Jason’s arms are just half without hands and his legs aren’t fully grown either. But soon the young couple accepted this fact. They even forgot to think of him as disabled.
At the age of six, he told his mother he wanted to get down from the prosthetics (假肢) and play with other kids. This was the last time Jason had worn them. He now has an electric wheelchair, but he never uses it at home or when it is easy for him to move using only his body.
Jason learned handwriting and coloring at school, holding the pen between the ends of his arms. He also learned to eat with forks at home. When he was ten, he fell in love with football. He never had a pair of shoes in his life because of the shape of his feet. He only wore socks on the football field. He never won a match, but he refused to give up. His strong arms and body, as well as some fantastic ways made him a respected player on the school team. He went to a famous university after high school.
Now Jason still faces many hardships in life, but he will make you believe that you can do what he has done.
＂Never be afraid of any difficulty＂, Jason often encourages others in his speeches.
1. Why were Jason’s parents shocked when they saw him for the first time?
A. Because he was born disabled. B. Because he had big hands.
C. Because his hair was curly. D. Because he wanted to go to college.
2. What does the underlined word ＂hardships＂ mean in this passage?
A. 成就 B. 贫穷 C. 困难 D. 战船
3. From the passage, we learn the following about Jason EXCEPT ______.
A. he only uses his electric wheelchair at home
B. he only wore socks while playing football
C. he is never afraid of any difficulty in life
D. he often encourages others in his speeches.
4. What is the best title (标题) of this passage?
A. Disabled but still able
B. Playing football brings good luck
C. Never wear prosthetics even disabled
D. The importance of encouragement
C
Once upon a time, there was a spider with the name Anansi. He knew that he was very clever but he also knew he wasn’t wise. He didn’t like this, but he did not know what to do. One day he had an idea. He went around the village with a basket and asked people to give him some of their wisdom. Each person put a bit in his basket and wished him good luck.
Soon his basket was full, but Anansi was worried that his neighbors might be jealous (嫉妒) of his wisdom and take it from him. He decided to hide it at the top of a tall tree. When he had tied the basket to the front part of his body, he tried to climb the tree, but it was too difficult. He tried again and again without success.
Then his youngest son walked by. ＂What are you doing, father?＂ he asked and Anansi told him. ＂Why don’t you carry the basket on your back instead?＂ his son said.
Anansi put the basket on his back and climbed the tree easily, but he wasn’t happy. ＂I walked all over the village and collected so much wisdom that I am the wisest person ever, but my baby son is still wiser than me. Take back your wisdom!＂ he said. And he threw the basket of wisdom into the air and went home. And that’s how wisdom went all over the world.
1. Anansi went around the village because__________.
A. he knew he was very clever
B. he wanted to show his good luck
C. he hoped to meet his son
D. he wanted to ask people for wisdom
2. Anansi wanted to get his wisdom from____________.
A. his son B. his father C. the villagers D. the neighbors
3. The underlined word ＂it＂ in Paragraph 2 refers to (指的是)________ .
A. the tree B. the basket C. the luck D. the wisdom
4. The passage above is _____________.
A. a report B. a story C. an advertisement D. a diary
5. The best title for the passage would be ＂___________＂.
A. Anansi’s wisdom B. The wisdom of Anansi’s son
C. Anansi and his son D. Anansi and the villagers
跟踪训练
A
【文章大意】文章介绍了作家丁岩为了写书，到工厂第一线工作，体验工厂女工的生活。
3. B 【解析】根据Factory Girls describes what life is like on the production line.可知这本书主要描写工厂女工的生活，故选B。
4. C 【解析】根据The women I met were all very good at their jobs but they didn’t have great passion (热情) for life. ＂可知在生产线上的女工的工作都做得很好，故选C。
5. A 【解析】根据Much of the book was written during her short toilet breaks at work.和I came to realize that there was no difference between the factory girls and me.可知选A。
B
【文章大意】本文作者讲述了自己酒后驾车的一次经历，驾照被吊销，告诫人们酒后不要驾车。
1. C 【解析】根据第一段中的When the bottle got to me, I drank too. I did not realize that it was the biggest mistake of my life. I had to drive home later that night.可知，作者犯了酒后驾车的错误。故选：C。
2. C 【解析】根据第二段可知，作者一看到警察，意识到了自己的错误。故选：C。
3. B 【解析】根据第四段中的I’ll have to take a driving test again.可知，作者又要参加驾驶考试了，说明失去了驾照。故选：B。
4. A 【解析】根据最后一段可知，本文作者主要想告诉人们：酒后不该驾车。故选：A。
真题再现
A
【文章大意】这篇短文主要介绍了一位父亲喜欢收藏贵重的画，在儿子死后，视儿子的肖像为珍宝。老人去世后，留下遗言无论谁买下儿子的肖像，那么他的收藏就归谁所有。
46. B 【解析】细节理解题。根据After a few weeks, the old man received a letter saying his son had died while taking another soldier to a hospital.可知他的儿子是在送另一个士兵去医院的时候死的，故选B。
47. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据The auction began with the painting of the old man’s son.可知老人儿子的肖像最先开始拍卖，故选C。
B
【文章大意】这篇短文主要介绍了作者的叔叔在登山时，当作者抱怨时向他的背包中放入石头，当作者有积极的想法时取出石头，使作者认识到消极的思想越多，心理负担就越重。
26. B 【解析】细节理解题。根据who is a geologist (地质家) and loves to collect stones.可知作者的叔叔是一个地质家，并且喜欢收集石头。故选B。~
27. B 【解析】细节理解题。根据To our surprise, he also took some stones out from them. But we thought he had just found better stones.可知他们认为叔叔找到了更好的石头，才从背包中取出一些。故选B。
28. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据＂I didn’t. You did.＂ he said. ＂You didn’t know it, but I gave you a little attitude(态度) test today. I listened to every word you said. Whenever you were complaining (抱怨) , I added a stone to your backpacks. whenever you talked about something with positive (积极的) thinking, I took out a stone. And now look at your backpacks.＂及Our backpacks were full of stones.可知作者抱怨太多，故选A。
C
【文章大意】这篇短文主要介绍了二战时凯西一家为了逃避战乱而离开自己的国家。凯西一直带着象征和好友友谊的围巾，最后因为这条围巾最终和好友团聚。
42. D 【解析】细节理解题。根据It was the beginning of World War II and her family had to leave their country as soon as possible.可知凯西一家是为了逃离战争而离开，故选D。
43. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据Eliza listened carefully, with her eyes and mouth wide open.可知Eliza仔细地听着，嘴巴和眼睛睁得很大。根据Eliza的表情可知她非常吃惊，故选A。
44. D 【解析】推理判断题。根据短文最后可知Monica就是Eliza奶奶失散多年的好友，根据故事的发展，Eliza会把老人带到那里，使她们相见，故选D。
45. B 【解析】标题归纳题。根据短文主要围绕一条围巾为线索展开描述，故选B。
模拟检测
A
【文章大意】短文讲述的是＂我＂在机场的一次感人经历。即将分手的父女俩在机场互相祝福对方＂I wish you enough.＂，然后伤心地离别，这让我很好奇，＂父亲＂向＂我＂解释了＂I wish you enough.＂的动人意义：当我们说＂I wish you enough.＂的时候，我们希望另一个人有足够多的好东西。
1. B 【解析】题意：故事发生在什么地方？考查细节理解。根据短文的开头In their last moment before the flight took off, I heard a father saying to his daughter可知故事发生在机场，故选B。
2. A 【解析】题意：在文章中，＂I wish you enough.＂意味着我们希望_______。考查细节理解。A. the other person as many good things as possible别人有更多的好东西；B. each other a good life彼此好好生活；C. the other person as much sunshine as possible另一个人有尽可能多的阳光；D. it enough rain它有足够的雨水。根据文中的父亲对＂我＂说的话When we say ‘I wish you enough’, we want the other person to have a life filled with enough good things.，可知是希望另一个人有足够多的好东西，故选A。
4. C 【解析】题意：根据这段话，为什么我们一定要有足够的痛苦？考查细节理解。A. Because no pain, no gain. 因为没有痛苦，就没有收获。B. Because we can keep our spirit alive. 因为我们可以让我们的精神保持活力。C. Because the tiny happiness makes us feel like the great joys. 因为微小的幸福让我们感觉像是巨大的欢乐。D. Because the pleasures and pains in life are necessary. 因为生活中的快乐和痛苦是必要的。根据I wish you enough pain so that the smallest joys in life seem much bigger…，可知它能使生活中最小的快乐显得更大，故选C。
B
【文章大意】这是一篇励志小故事，介绍了天生残疾的杰森如何顽强地克服一个个困难成为受人尊敬的球员，并最终考上大的故事，赞扬了他是一位身残志坚、有能力证明自己价值的人。
1. A 【解析】题意：为什么杰森的父母第一次见到他时会感到震惊？细节理解题。根据短文的第二句This lovely little baby with shining blue eyes and curly hair was born disabled.，可知孩子天生残疾，故选A。
2. C 【解析】题意：这篇文章中的画线词＂hardships＂是什么意思？词义猜测题。根据句意和语境，结合下文杰森演讲时鼓励别人的话Never be afraid of any difficulty，可知选C。#
3. A 【解析】题意：从这篇文章中，我们知道下面的除了______都是关于杰森的。细节理解题。A. he only uses his electric wheelchair at home他只在家里使用电动轮椅。B. he only wore socks while playing football他踢足球时只穿袜子。C. he is never afraid of any difficulty in life他从不害怕生活中的任何困难。D. he often encourages others in his speeches. 他经常在演讲中鼓励别人。根据第二段的最后一句He now has an electric wheelchair, but he never uses it at home，可知杰森从来没有在家里使用电动轮椅，故选A。
4. A 【解析】题意：这篇文章最好的题目是什么？主旨大意题。根据短文内容，介绍的是天生残疾的杰森如何顽强地克服一个个困难成为受人尊敬的球员，并最终考上大的故事，可知他是一位虽然身体有缺陷但依然有能力证明自己价值的人，故选A。
C
【文章大意】本文讲述了名叫Anansi的蜘蛛从村民那里收集了很多智慧，放在一个篮子里，当他想要把这篮子智慧藏到树上时，发现很难上树。他的儿子让他背着篮子上去，他原以为自己最聪明，但是他的儿子仍然比他聪明。于是，他把一篮子智慧扔在空中，这样智慧到了世界各地。
3. D 【解析】词义猜测题。根据Soon his basket was full, but Anansi was worried that his neighbors might be jealous (嫉妒) of his wisdom and take it from him.可知他担心他的邻居会妒忌他的智慧，拿走它，故此处的it指的是wisdom。故选D。&
4. B 【解析】推理判断题。根据文中讲述了一个蜘蛛收集智慧，藏智慧，然后扔了智慧的故事，故选B。
5. A 【解析】标题归纳题。本文讲述了一个名叫Anansi的蜘蛛收集智慧，藏智慧，然后扔了智慧的故事，故选A。