考点50 任务型阅读之还原句子-备战2018年中考英语考点一遍过

考点五十 任务型阅读之还原句子
阅读短文还原句子的文章一般为200-250词左右，设空位置一般为三种：段首、段尾和段中。根据历年真题的考查可看出考题中段中设空最多，段尾次之，段首最少。其主要考查：
1. 生能理解故事情节和事件发展顺序。
2. 生能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系。
二、满分技巧
1. 解题步骤
（1）读选项，画关键词，暗排序。
（2）读文章，找逻辑，抓过渡词。
（3）先易后难来解题。
（4）回读文章定答案。
2. 得分技巧
（1）抓住过渡词，看住上下句。
（2）盯紧横线的前后词语。
通过生对这类题型的解题步骤、思路及技巧的练习和实践，可总结出以下复习策略：
1. 养成限时阅读的习惯，提高阅读速度。培养生的阅读技能， 处理好阅读速度与效率问题。阅读速度应控制在每篇5分钟，每分钟40-50个词为宜。
2. 注意常考点。平时练习多注意代词（如it，this，they）、选项的句内关系（如因果、转折）及重现（文章与选项的复现提示）等。
3. 解题技巧
通读全文，了解文章大意。根据文章整体结构、具体内容，并结合关键词，将选项填入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构，研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。
1. 如果问题设在段首
（1）通常是段落的主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找相关的词，推断出主题句。
（2）与后文是并列，转折，因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词，通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句之间会有某种的衔接手段。
（3）段落间的过渡句。这时要瞻前顾后找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。
2. 如果问题设在段尾
（1）空白前的一句或两句是重点语句，重点阅读以锁定关键词。
（2）通常是结论，概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果结论，总结等的信号词，如：Therefore， as a result，thus，hence，in short，to sum up，to conclude，in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。
（3）与前文是转折或对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。
（4）与前文是并列或排比关系。在这种情况下，通常是该段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节，因此，根据段落一致性原则，在原文和选项中找到相关的特征词，通常选项中会出现表示并列或递进关系的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构，或出现同义词等其他线索。
（5）所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段的开头是否有一定的衔接，认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。
（6）如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题，通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案应有这样的特征词。
A
A. Never be afraid to give
B. Plan ahead as much as possible
C. Work out your priorities（优先考虑的事）
D. Be disciplined(有纪律的) at all times
E. Make sure everything has its place
F. Stick to a schedule
Being Well-Organized And Getting Things Done
Being well-organized and getting things done and what we have done is tried to make them as easy to follow as possible to allow you to implement(实施) them immediately. There is no doubt that being organized does make a difference.
1
It is something that you should do every single day and the best way to approach this is to place things in order of importance. Watching that movie may sound like a good idea, but put that at the bottom of the list and focus on things that influence your work, health, or anything else that is key to your survival(生存).
2
Next, you should consider trying to plan ahead, so if you know that there is an appointment at a certain location for a certain time, then plan your day around that appointment.
3
Knowing where everything is really will allow you to get more things done as you will waste less time hunting for that object that you require to complete your task. Too much time is wasted hunting for keys or that piece of paper and it also just stresses you out and can upset your pace.
4
Giving tasks to others will always lead to you getting more done, but it is not just a case of picking anybody to do a task. Instead, you need to make sure that they are capable of doing it without running into any problems and that they do have the correct tools to complete the job.
5
Having a schedule will help to force you into completing tasks on time and actually getting more done in the process. The only problem here is that you need to be sensible when working out how long something takes or you will put undue pressure on yourself and this is where mistakes can occur and you will actually then start to get less done.
B
Question: I’m 15 and I’ve been having trouble sleeping at night. It usually takes me 2 to 4 hours to get to sleep. 1 I can’t focus on my lessons at school. Please help me!
Answer: If you are a person who doesn’t regularly get a good night’s sleep, you are not alone. 2 Here are some tips for helping you get a good night’s sleep.
⊙Keep regular hours
By keeping regular hours your body and mind know what is coming up and can start to prepare for you to sleep. 3 If you can’t go to bed at a regular time, then make sure you get up at a regular time. So after a late night you wake up tired, and it forces you to go to bed earlier.
⊙ 4
I know, you hear this about everything from heart health to losing weight, but exercise really does do you a world of good. However, don’t do it too close to going to sleep. It is better to do it about an hour after dinner.
⊙Relax before going to bed
5 In fact, when you lie down to go to sleep, your mind is going to be thinking about the programs you have been watching. Instead, take just 20 or 30 minutes before bed to read or sit, anything that gets you to slow down and gives your mind a rest!
A. Take some exercise.
B. And I usually get about 4 or 5 hours’ sleep in a day.
C. It also means you can get in regular number of hours each night.
D. Many people suffer from sleep problems.
E. You may think that watching TV before you go to bed is a good way to relax.
C
Without a friend，the world is like a desert. Too many people want others to be their friends，but they don’t give friendship back. 1 To have a friend，you must learn to be one. You must learn to treat your friend the way you want your friend to treat you. Learning to be a good friend means learning the following rules.
2 Friends must be able to trust one another. If you don’t tell the truth，people usually find out，and you may lose your friend’s trust. Good friends always trust in one another to speak and do things honestly.
Generosity means sharing and sharing makes a friendship grow. You don’t have to give your lunch money or your clothes，of course. 3 These can be valuable to a friend. They tell your friends what is important to you. By sharing them，you help your friends know you better.
Everyone needs understanding and help with a problem. 4 Talking about the problem can make it easier to solve. Turning to a friend can be a first step in solving the problem. So to be a friend you must listen and understand. You must try to put yourself in your friend’s place，so you can understand the problem better.
No two friendships are ever exactly similar. 5 In fact，good friendship will just not easily last. That is to say，you must give as much as you take，or friendship will die away.
A. Keep your friend’s feelings in mind.
B. Instead you share your ideas and feelings.
C. Something may go wrong at school.
D. That is one of the causes why some friendships don’t last very long.
E. One way to do this is to be honest with a friend.
F. But all true friendships have three things in common.
G. Honesty is where a good friendship starts.
A
（2017﹒河南）Starting high school is a great experience for any teenager. Whether you are coming from a middle school(grades six through eight) or a junior high school(grades seven through nine), there are many things about high that are different from your old school environment. _______ 1________
You will face being in a new school, making new friends in an unfamiliar class and getting to know new teachers. These new teachers will usually have higher academic(术的) level than your middle and junior-high schoolteachers. 2 In return, they expect you to work hard and develop your skills, On top of all this, peer pressure(同伴压力) to drink and smoke often increases in high school. 3
Although there is a lot of pressure, it is nothing you cannot deal with. If you are feeling pressure to do something that you feel is wrong, talk to a friend, parent or counselor to find a solution(解决) . 4 If you are not succeeding academically, find someone to help you. If you feel lonely, try to join a school club or group to make new friends.
5 With time, you will come to be thankful for everything about your experience. On the point of starting your high school, are you ready?
根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使短文意思通顺、内容完整。
A. You will experience many changes.
B. They want to help you get into college.
C. High school may seem discouraging at first.
D. They are there to help you get into this great new time in your life.
E. Besides, the pressure could also come from grades, loneliness and so on.
B
（2017﹒四川成都）As time goes by, are you still the same person you were? Many of you would think you are. 1 You could be a completely different person when you get old. Psychologists(心理家) at the UK’s University of Edinburgh did the study on a group of Scottish people. 2
In 1950, a group of teachers gave over 1200 14-year-old students personality tests. 3 They were self-confidence, sense of responsibility ,perseverance（耐心）, strong wishes to win, creativity and moods(情绪).
In 2012, researchers successfully found 174 of those 1200 students and gave them a test similar to the one they had received before. 4 They were surprised to find great changes to all six personality traits of these people. 5 It was ＂as if the second test had been given to different people.＂ the study reported.
In the past, personality was widely believed to be unchangeable. This new study may bring some fresh ideas to the world.
A. They tested six basic personality traits.
B. Then they compared the then-and-now test results.
C. They wanted to know if people’s personality was unchangeable.
D. But according to a new study, your personality can change greatly.
E. The younger and older self-seemed to be totally different for each person.
F. The research found almost everyone’s personality changed when they grew old.
C
（2017﹒云南昆明）Many people are trying to save the earth with special days like ＂Meatout Day＂, ＂Earth day＂and ＂Buy Nothing Day＂.
Meatout Day
＂Meatout Day＂is on March 20th. 1 Join this day, and you’ll get healthier. Also, you can reduce greenhouse gases(减少温室气体) and save the earth.
Earth Day
2 Many people all over the world try to do something green on this day. In Italy, people don’t use plastic bags. In Canada and Norway, people ride bicycles and don’t use their cars. In the USA, people dress up like plants and animals and dance in Times Square, New York.
Buy Nothing Day
＂Buy Nothing Day＂ is usually on the fourth Friday in November. 3 ＂Buy nothing＂ means ＂make no rubbish＂. 4
Do you want to join them? 5 .
根据短女内容，从短文后的选项中选出能_入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A. This is Children’s Day.
B. When you make less rubbish, you can make a cleaner earth.
C. Many people around the world don’t eat any meat for one day.
D. Then you can remember these special days and do something green.
E. We have a national holiday.
F. ＂Earth Day＂ is on April 22nd.
G. On this day, many people don’t buy anything.
（湖北省宜昌市2017年中考模拟）A
A. running away is anything
B. they often find them in risky situations
C. it may be natural
D. these kids are more easy to get affected(感染)
E. no one cares about them
F. you probably imagine
When you think about running away, 1 that there will be no more rules, no parent to tell you what to do, no more fights. Sounds great and exciting, right? In fact, 2 but fun. Kids who run away face new problems like not having any money, food to eat, a safe place to sleep, or anyone to take care of them.
People with no home and no money become ready to do anything just to meet their everyday needs. Because of this, 3 that would be terrible even for adults. Runaway kids join in dangerous crimes(犯罪) much more often than kids who live at home.
Kids who live on the streets often have to steal(偷) for a living. Many take drugs to get through the day because they become so sad and feel that 4 . Some are forced(被迫) to do things they wouldn’t normally do to make money. The number of kids with HIV or AIDS and other diseases is higher on streets, too, because 5 . This problem is attracting more and more attention.
B
（北京市密云区2017届九年级期末）A year ago I paid no attention to English idioms(习语), though my teacher said again and again that it was important. But soon, the importance of English idioms was shown in my experience.
One day, I happened to meet an Englishman on the road. I was very happy because I thought I could talk with him in English. And 1 . As I was talking about how I was studying English, the foreigner shook his head, saying, ＂You don’t say! You don’t say!＂ I was surprised. ＂Why?＂ I thought, ＂Perhaps this is not a proper topic. Well, I’d better change the topic.＂ So I said to him, ＂Well, shall we talk about the Great Wall? We Chinese people are proud of it! By the way, 2 ?＂ ＂Certainly, everyone back home will laugh at me if I leave China without seeing it. It was great.＂ I said, ＂The Great Wall is one of the wonders in the world. It is a place of interest.＂ Soon I was interrupted again by his words, ＂ 3 !＂ I couldn’t help asking, ＂Why did you ask me not to talk about it?＂ ＂Well, I didn’t ask you to do so,＂ he answered, gently surprised.
I said, ＂Didn’t you say ‘You don’t say!’?＂
4 . He began to explain, ＂’You don’t say!’ actually means ‘Really?’ It is an expression of surprise. Just like ‘Look out!’ means ‘Be careful!’ Perhaps you don’t pay attention to English idioms.＂
Only then did I know I had made a fool of myself. 5 . Remember: what our English teachers say to us students is always right. We should listen to them!
A. You don’t say
B. soon we began to talk
C. have you ever been there
D. Hearing this, the Englishman laughed to tears
E. Since then I have been more careful with idioms
C
（湖南省岳阳地区2017年中考二模）The world is an interesting place. Different people like different things. Some people like loud music. Other people don’t. 1
Many people like sports, but they do not all like the same sports. In some countries, cricket (板球运动) is a very popular sport, in others it is not popular at all. No one plays it or watches it on TV. However, most people like soccer. The World Cup is very popular. 2
Different people like different foods. Some people do not like meat. 3 Some people do not like potatoes or bread. They prefer rice.
4 Most people have their favorite colors. Some people like bright colors. Others prefer pale colors.
Many people like traveling. Different people like different places. Some people like to go to the country. They like the fresh air. Some people like to go to the cities. Because they like shopping. 5
What do you like? Have you got an idea?
A. They like soft music.
B. Not everyone likes the same color.
C. Millions of people watch the games on TV.
D. Different people like different kinds of pets.
E. They eat fruit and vegetables most of the time.
F. So they don’t raise pigs in their countries.
G. Some other people enjoy beautiful places like the mountains or beaches.
跟踪训练
A
【文章大意】本文就如何做到＂组织安排好，做事有条不紊＂，提出了五点建议。
3. E 【解析】根据本段的主旨大意：把物品排放好，可以节约时间，不会打乱你的计划。故选：E。
4. A 【解析】根据本段的主旨大意：不要担心把任务分派给他人，并确保他们顺利完成任务。故选：A。
5. F 【解析】根据本段的主旨大意：制定一个时间表，强迫你按时完成任务，并在实际过程中完成更多的工作。故选：F。
B
【文章大意】本文主要讲述了一位15岁的生有睡眠问题，因而影响了习，文中就此给出了三种解决此问题的方法。
1. B 【解析】根据前文It usually takes me 2 to 4 hours to get to sleep我通常需要2到4个小时才能入睡，可推知下文应该为And I usually get about 4 or 5 hours’ sleep in a day.我通常一天睡4到5个小时。故选B。
2. D 【解析】根据前文If you are a person who doesn’t regularly get a good night’s sleep, you are not alone.如果你是一个经常不能睡个好觉的人，你并不孤单，可知下文Many people suffer from sleep problems.许多人患有睡眠问题。故选D。 ~
3. C 【解析】根据上下文可知，此处为It also means you can get in regular number of hours each night.这也意味着你每天晚上可以有固定的睡眠时间。故选C。
4. A 【解析】根据下文内容的描述可知，是关于＂锻炼＂对身体有好处这方面的话题，所以此段的小标题为Take some exercise.做些锻炼。故选A。
5. E 【解析】根据下文In fact, when you lie down to go to sleep, your mind is going to be thinking about the programs you have been watching.事实上，当你躺下睡觉的时候，你的大脑会思考你一直在看的节目，可知此处为You may think that watching TV before you go to bed is a good way to relax你可能认为睡觉前看电视是一种放松的好方法。故选E。
C
【文章大意】本文是议论文，通过分析友谊的三个共同点——互相信任，真诚说话和做事；和朋友分享你的想法和感受；做朋友必须善于倾听和理解——得出结论，也就是好的友谊是不容易持久的，必须付出多少，友谊才会长久。
3. B 【解析】第三段谈的是share分享。根据文意，结合空格的前后文，可知对朋友来说有价值的东西，不是分享钱物，而是其他东西，备选句子中的Instead you share your ideas and feelings.正是这个意思，故选B。
4. C 【解析】第四段围绕Everyone needs understanding and help with a problem.展开论述，谈论的都是解决问题的方法，Something may go wrong at school.这一句说的也是问题，合乎段意，故选C。
5. F 【解析】第五段对上文提到的三点做了个总结，强调友谊的不易持久。备选句子But all true friendships have three things in common.提到了友谊的共性，故选F。
真题再现
A
【文章大意】本文介绍了青少年每进入高中时会经历的事和遇到的一些问题以及应对的办法。
1. A 【解析】根据前文的Whether you are coming from a middle school（grades six through eight） or a junior high school（grades seven through nine），there are many things about high that are different from your old school environment. 无论你是从中（六年级到八年级）还是初中（七年级到九年级），有很多关于高中的东西和你以前的校环境不同。可知说的是你会经历很多变化，故选A。
2. B 【解析】根据后文的In return，they expect you to work hard and develop your skills，作为回报，他们希望你努力习，发展你的技能。可知他们想帮助你进入大。故选B。
3. E 【解析】根据前文的peer pressure（同伴压力） to drink and smoke often increases in high school. 同伴压力导致在高中喝酒和抽烟经常会增加。可知压力也可能来自成绩，孤独等。故选E。
5. C 【解析】根据后文的With time，you will come to be thankful for everything about your experience. On the point of starting your high school，are you ready？随着时间的推移，你会对你所经历的一切心存感激。就在你高中毕业的时候，你准备好了吗？可知高中生活似乎一开始令人沮丧。故选C。
B
【文章大意】本文介绍了通过研究证明同一个人在不同年龄阶段的性格会发生巨变。
1. D 【解析】根据You could be a completely different person when you get old.可知当你变老了，你可能是不同的，因此你会发生变化，故选D。
2. F 【解析】根据Psychologists(心理家) at the UK’s University of Edinburgh did the study on a group of Scottish people.可知此处是英国心理家做了一项研究，故此处介绍研究发现的内容，故选F。
3. A 【解析】根据In 1950, a group of teachers gave over 1200 14-year-old students personality tests.可知此处介绍老师对生的性格测试，故介绍测试的内容。故选A。！
4. B 【解析】根据They were surprised to find great changes to all six personality traits of these people.可知他们发现这些人的个性特征发生了变化，因此他们把现在和那时的结果进行了比较，故选B。
5. E 【解析】根据It was ＂as if the second test had been given to different people.可知第二次测试仿佛是给完全不同的人进行的，因此每一个人年轻时的自己和年老时的自己是不同的。故选E。
C
【文章大意】本篇文章难度适中，主要讲述几个拯救地球的节日，如世界无肉日、地球日、不消费日。
1. C 【解析】根据Meatout Day可知，那天不吃肉，故选C。
2. F 【解析】根据文章结构，Meatout Day以及Buy Nothing Day可知，都是介绍时间的，故选F。
3. G 【解析】空处解释Buy Nothing Day，在那天，人们不买东西，故选G。
4. B 【解析】根据同一词复现的原则，前有rubbish，故选B。
5. D 【解析】根据选项中的these special days可知这里指的是Meatout Day，Earth Day以及Buy Nothing Day，故选D。
模拟检测
A
【文章大意】你觉得离家出走感觉会很刺激、很自由，是吗？其实离家出走跟你想象的是完全不一样的，这样的孩子经常会遇到很多的困难，他们也很可能会走上犯罪的道路。
2. A 【解析】句意：离家出走一点也不有趣。anything but 除了……任何事情，意思是一点也不。根据下文的文意可知，离家出走的孩子会面对很多的问题和危险，还可能会犯罪，会感染疾病，所以这样做一点意思也没有。故应选A。
3. B 【解析】根据上文People with no home and no money become ready to do anything just to meet their everyday needs可知，没有家、没有钱的人可能会做出任何事情来满足自己的需要；下文Runaway kids join in dangerous crimes(犯罪) much more often than kids who live at home提到离家出走的孩子加入了危险的犯罪活动。由此可见，他们是处在危险的状况中，故应选B。
4. E 【解析】句意：住在大街上的孩子经常不得不偷东西来维持生存，很多人吸毒度日，因为他们变得如此伤心，感觉没有人关心他们。根据句意可知，这里表示这些离家出走的孩子陷入这样的困境的原因，他们觉得没有人关心他们。故应选E。￥
5. D 【解析】句意：患有艾滋病或其他疾病的孩子的数目在这些离家出走的孩子们身上要更多，因为他们更容易受到感染。上句话说这些离家出走的孩子患艾滋病或其他疾病的数目要更多，这里解释的是原因，故应选D。
B
【文章大意】这篇短文讲述了我和一位外国人在一次交谈中，由于对于英语习惯用语不太了解，造成的一个小误会。从而告诉我们习英语习语的重要性。
1. B 【解析】根据As I was talking about how I was studying English,可知，这里提到作者已经在交谈了，所以上句应该是我们开始交谈。故选B。
2. C 【解析】根据Certainly, everyone back home will laugh at me if I leave China without seeing it. It was great.可知，这里提到去过长城，所以上句问的是：你去过长城吗？故选C。
3. A 【解析】根据＂Why did you ask me not to talk about it?＂可知，上句应该是：外国人阻止作者交谈。故选A。
4. D 【解析】细节理解题。根据He began to explain可知，听到这个英国人笑出声了，然后英国人又开始解释。故选D。
5. E 【解析】细节理解题。根据Remember: what our English teachers say to us students is always right. We should listen to them!可知，从此要注意英语的习语，故选E。
C
【文章大意】作者认为这个世界很有意思，不同的人喜欢不同的事物。一些人喜欢吵杂的音乐，一些人不喜欢，他们喜欢轻音乐。许多人喜欢运动，但是他们喜欢的不是同一种运动。不同的人喜欢的食物不同。很多人喜欢足球。不同的人喜欢去不同的地方旅游。
3. E 【解析】句意：他们大部分时间都吃水果和蔬菜。根据上文Some people do not like meat. 结合句意和语境可知选E。
4. B 【解析】句意：不是每个人都喜欢同样的颜色。根据下文Most people have their favorite colors. Some people like bright colors. Others prefer pale colors.（大多数人都有自己喜欢的颜色。有些人喜欢鲜艳的颜色。其他人则喜欢淡色。）结合句意和语境可知选B。
5. G 【解析】句意：有些人喜欢美丽的地方，如山或海滩。根据上文Different people like different places. Some people like to go to the country. They like the fresh air. Some people like to go to the cities.（不同的人喜欢不同的地方。有些人喜欢去乡下。他们喜欢新鲜空气。有些人喜欢去城市。）结合句意和语境可知选G。