备战2018中考系列：英语2年中考1年模拟
专题15 阅读理解
?解读考点
阅读题型探究
中考英语的完型阅读题型是英语考试中最重要的部分，占了考试内容的大部分内容，也是生得分的重要内容。要想得到高分，必须审清题干；根据语境，联系上下文，抓住主旨句、根据细节分析。
直击考点
中考阅读理解能力测试的主要要求
1、直接型(查找事实、细节<单个或多个>)：这类题目主要包括事实识别、有关计算、识图、排列顺序等。一般地，这类题目可以直接从短文中找到可用的信息。这些问题一般都涉及到文章的“5W”，即 who(人物)，when(时间)，where(地点)， what(事件)，why(原因)，how(方式)等。题目设计大多直截了当。只要通读全文，注意文中所述的重要事实或细节，就可以做出正确解答。以图表材料命制的题目更是如此。
2、理解型(理解词句或句子含义)：结合具体的语境，正确理解单词、词组或句子在阅读材料中的确切含义，是阅读理解能力的一个重要方面。有些词句，虽然未曾过，但可通过上下文语境推测其含义，有些词虽然不是生词，但在具体的语言环境中已被赋予了特定的、新的含义。解答这类题目时需要对有关的上下文，甚至整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解才能做出正确答案。
拓展：猜测词义几种常用方法：
（下面的猜测方法比较适合成绩较好的初中生和高中生研读）
1）构词知识法：Tom disagreed with the captain about this. 前缀dis-表示否定，据此disagree 意为“不同意”。
2）定义法：
例1：A century is a hundred years. a hundred years 解释了century的意思是“百年”或“世纪”。
例2：A bag is useful and the word “bag” is useful. It gives us some interesting phrases(短语). One is “to let the cat out of the bag”. It is the same as “to tell a secret”….
Now when someone lets out (泄漏) a secret, he “lets the cat out of the bag.”
◆John “lets the cat out of the bag” means he ______.
A. makes everyone know a secret B. the woman bout a cat
C. buys a cat in the bag D. sells the cat in the bag
在这篇文章里，“let the cat out of the bag”虽然是一个新出现的短语，但紧接着后面就给出解释It is the same as “to tell a secret”根据这一解释，我们就可判断出正确答案应为A。
3、推理型(逻辑推理、数据计算)：这类题目的答案在原文中是不能直接找到的，必须抓住文中相关信息，顺藤摸瓜，进行有理有据的分析、归纳和推理，才能找出答案。有时需要透彻理解作者的双关语和弦外之音等。在表现形式上常采用下列句式：
We can infer/learn/conclude from the passage that ______.
The story suggests that ______.
What is the reason of……?
What is the real meaning of ……’s words?
According to the passage, we know that______.
From the story we can see/learn/say______.
The writer tells us______.
It can be seen from the passage that______.
(a) 根据常识推断
很多短文所设计的题目往往与其它方面的常识相关联，有时需结合或根据已有的常识做出判断。比如解答小品文的题目可能要用到物理或化方面的知识，解答跟自然有关的题目可能要用到地理、生物方面的知识等。靠这些知识的帮助，往往能快速做出解答，至少可以更加准确地理解短文。例如：
……One day we invited some friends to dinner. When it was about half past eleven, my wife found that we had little bread. So she asked our five-year-old daughter, Kathy, to buy some. ……
◆One day, Kathy’s parents invited some friends to have___.
A. breakfast B. lunch C. supper D. a party
【分析】由文中“One day we invited some friends to dinner.”一句可知，主人要宴请客人吃饭，所以D项(聚会)不合文意，先予以排除。但是在早(breakfast)，午(lunch)，晚(supper)三餐中，却未明确指出到底请客人吃哪一顿饭。英语中对“dinner”一词的解释是：main meal of the day, whether eaten at midday or in the evening. 这样可以将A项排除。至于是B还是C，仍然不能确定。再看下文中的“When it was about half past eleven…”，显然，快十一点半点了，主人尚未准备就绪。根据生活常识，这里的无疑是上午11:30，再结合“一日三餐”这一常识，他们请客人吃的只能是午饭，所以可以推断出正确答案是B。
(b) 根据计算判断
有些题目需根据短文的意思进行数字运算。中考的“阅读理解”中的数据推算并不要求高深的数知识。在有关数据推算的试题中，根据短文所提供的数据进行必要的运算时，所涉及的数知识一般都比较简单，关键在于准确理解原文的含义。例如：
……In five years the percentage (比例) of Beijing residents who can speak English will be raised to around 30 percent from 15 percent now. ……
◆If the population of Beijing grows to fifteen million by 2016, how many people will probably be able to speak English? About ____.
A. 15,000,000 B. 4,500,000 C. 3,000,000 D. 1,500,000
【分析】原文中提到：五年之后，会说英语的北京居民的比例将会由现在的15%提升到30%。试卷所提的问题是：如果到2008年北京的人口达到15,000,000，会说英语的人将会有多少？尽管短文中没有提到这个数据，但根据题意不难推算15,000,000×30%=4,500,000所以答案为B。
(c) 根据逻辑关系推断
根据短文中的基本事实、故事情节发展的逻辑关系(如时间、因果、条件、比较、转折、让步等，)进行深层的理解，并在此基础上进行题目的理解。在逻辑判断题中，这部分题目是比较难做的。
例1：……We are in the computer age. We often see computers at work. They are especially usefully in automatic control, data processing (数据处理) and solving complicated problems. And they are finding their way into the home. The part played by computers is becoming even more important with each passing day.
More and clever computers will continue to appear. They will run faster, have more functions and work much more skillfully. They will take over more tasks from us, helping to change the face of our world. Some people even think that sooner or later computers will replace us.
However……
◆Which of the following will best continue the third paragraph?
A. Computers will soon stop developing. B. Many people like computers very much.
C. Computers are as cleverer as man. D. I do not think computers will replace us completely.
【分析】显然，本文采用了对比的方式来表达自己对电脑的看法。前面描写了计算机的优点，但作者用however一词预示自己将引出相反的观点，故答案为D。
例2：……Secondly, a news story has to be interesting and unusual. People don’t want to read stories about everyday life. As a result, many stories are about some kind of danger and seem to be “bad” news…….
◆According to the passage, which of the following can you most possibly watch on TV?
A. You often play football with your friends after school. B. Your teacher has got a cold.
C. A tiger in the city zoo has run out and hasn’t been caught. D. The bike in front of your house is lost.
根据这段文字，我们可以推断：电视报道的新闻故事必须是有趣的和不平常的。因此，正确答案应为C。
4、概括型(归纳主旨大意)：要求考生在阅读和理解全文大意的基础上对文章做出归纳、概括或评价。解这种题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，比如涉及文章的标题(title)、主题(main idea)、结论(conclusion)、结局(end)等有关问题，都需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所语言知识、背景知识、生活常识、专业知识进行逻辑思维推理判断，有的时候还要求对作者写作的意图、观点进行剖析，甚至推测作者的语气、态度等。在表现形式上常采用下列句式：
This passage is about__________.
The main idea of this passage is ___________.
The best title (标题) of the passage can be ____________.
The passage is probably taken from a__________.
例如：Have you ever heard your own voice?“Of course,”you say.
Has anyone else ever heard your voice? Again you say,“Of course.”
But that’s not quite true. Nobody else has ever heard your voice—the way you hear it. When you talk, you set up sound waves (声波). The air outside your head carries the sound waves to your outer ears. But, of course, the sound of your voice begins inside your head. The bones (骨头) of your head pick up the sound waves, too. They carry the sound waves straight to your inner(里面的) ears. You get the sound from the outside and the inside too. Other people get just the sound waves from the outside. That’s why they don’t hear your voice the way you do.
◆The passage is mainly about _________.
A. waves in the air B. the way you hear your own voice
C. voice gets around far and wide D. the different ways you and others hear your voice
【分析】这篇阅读材料所讲的是我们每个人都熟悉的事。
通读全文，我们知道短文的大意是：别人听到我们声音的方式与我们自己听到的方式是不同的。周围的空气将我们说话时发出的声波传送到外耳。由于声音是从头的内部发出来的，我们自己的头骨也受到声波的振动，并直接将声波传送到内耳里。这也就是说，我们自己是从外部和内部两处同时听到声音的。而别人则不然，他们只是从外部接收到我们发出的声波。根据短文提供的以上信息，不难看出，这篇短文的主旨是“自己和别人听到自己声音的方式是不同的”。所以答案为D。
中考英语阅读理解分类解读
人物故事类
【命题趋势】?
人物故事以记述人物生平故事为主。体裁一般是记叙文，包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。写作手法多采用时间、空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终。命题以细节为主，推理为辅。近年来，人物传记类阅读文章在高中阅读理解题中有所减少。?
【应试对策】?
人物故事类文章多为记叙文，为了支撑所要描述的人物，短语往往会出现大量细节，这些细节有时很直接，理解字面意思即可，有时则很间接，需要综合、归纳、推理才能判断。准确理解细节是做好这类题的关键。那么，怎样准确理解细节呢？
首先，从问题中找到关键词；然后以此为线索，运用略读和查阅的技巧在文中迅速找细节；找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读，认真比较选项和文中细节的区别；最后，在正确理解细节的前提下，确定最佳答案。二、社会文化类
【命题趋势】
语言是社会文化的重要载体。习英语的目的之一就是“提高初步运用英语进行交际的能力，增强对外国文化，特别是英语国家文化的了解”。因此，社会文化类试题出现在高考试卷中是必然的。社会文化类文章的命题有以下趋势：?
1.以中西文化差异作为选材的重点。如礼仪、语言、生活习惯、世界观、价值观等为主题。题材涉及社会、文化、教育、体育等方面的内容。?
2.一般一篇文章一个主题。以议论文、记叙文居多。?
3.命题方面，既重主旨把握，又重特定细节，时有推断。?
【应试对策】?
对英语语言、社会、文化的了解是一个长期的过程，在复习时要注意：?
1.重视英语词汇、语法和习惯用法的掌握。?
在复习过程加强对语言基础知识的掌握。对于普通中毕业生来说，应具备2000－3500的词汇量，并掌握其词类、意思和基本用法。掌握句子结构和句子成分之间的关系。熟悉固定词组、固定搭配等约定俗成的语法项目。2.扩展文化背景知识，认真研读历届高考题。?
从近五年的高考题看，阅读内容的社会实用性越来越强，更重视语言和文化的关系，阅读材料会更多地涉及社会化背景知识。因此，要通过阅读更多地涉及社会文化背景知识，要通过阅读更多地了解并丰富自己的知识。?
同时，要认真研读近五年的高考篇目，增加语言经验，适应选材特点，熟悉题材和体裁。了解设问形式，感悟设问特点。?
3.广泛涉猎，丰富消遣阅读。
三、逸闻趣事类：
【命题趋势】?
逸闻趣事以日常生活中的事情入手，描述一些鲜为人知的事。幽默故事是其主要内容。选材多于日常生活，给人似曾相识之感，但随着故事的发展、展开、结束，给人以意外的感觉。逸闻趣事类文章有以下趋势：?
1.特点：文章简短，描述一个片断。?
2.命题：多考查对事件的发生、发展和结局进行合理的推断。?
3.选材：描述“另类”，标新立异。?
【应试对策】?
1.阅读这种文章，应特别注意对人物的外貌、语言、动作和思想的描写，从而把握人物性格特点和作者的情感态度。?
2.若是叙述性的文章，要读懂起因、经过、结果。若是故事性文章应读懂故事的发生、发展、高潮、结局。它们是我们读懂趣闻逸事所必需的。?
3.若是幽默故事，应体会风趣的对话、特别的动作，它们是幽默的精髓。?
四、史地常识类?
【命题趋势】?
英语是我们认识世界，了解世界的工具。史地常识类文章通常介绍异域风光，历史事件，进一步扩大我们的视野和对其他国家，尤其是对英语国家的了解。因此史地常识类文章经常出现在高考阅读理解中，其趋势是：?
1.选材：英语国家的主要名胜或历史事件，历史年代。?
2.命题：以细节题为主，有一定主观推断题。?
3.知识：涉及一定的地理常识或历史知识。?
【应试对策】?
史地常识类文章多以细节题为主，着重考查理解文中具体信息的能力。细节题一般分为以下几类:?
1.排序题：根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子间的逻辑关系，找出事件正确顺序。一般采用“首尾定位法”来做题。即先出第一个和最后一个事件，缩小范围，得出答案。
2.图文转换题：根据短文描写找出相应图形或根据图形找出答案。一般采用“文史锁定法”，(找出文字，按“文”定“图”)或“图形标示法”。(在图中标出内容，以便理解)
3.数字换算题：根据数据，找出换算关系，计算并得出答案。?
4.表格理解题：看懂行和列分别代表的意义，正确理解，作出选择。?
5.同义转换题。?
6.代词指代题：理清人物、事件间的逻辑关系，使人物、事件更加条理化，简明化。
五. 普知识类
【命题趋势】
这种题材的文章大部分是介绍技前沿、动态、新的发明创造、研方法、生态环保或是对某一个问题的来龙去脉和解决方法等加以介绍。作者的目的就是让读者获得知识、信息，对说明对象有所了解，并获得某些方面的启示。其特点如下：
1. 文章中会牵涉到实验、研究者、研究方法、在某项主题上的不同意见和争鸣，有时会出现读者还不熟悉的前沿性的题材，但作者一般持客观的态度，不显示自己的褒贬之意；
2. 此类文章为了做到通俗易懂，在语言上尽量避免使用专业性词汇，对于动词，做到这一点较容易，但是有些专有名词则无法避免，不过，作者通常会对较难的专有名词进行解释，甚至举例说明，这往往也是出题的地方；
3. 在语法上，此类文章长句使用较多，主从复合句、同位语、插入语、非谓语动词形式和被动语态使用率较高；
4. 此类文章语篇模式一般比较固定、整齐，主题句通常位于段首，多使用平行结构。
【应试对策】
针对普文章的这些特点，阅读这类文章重在把握被说明事物各因素之间的联系，如因果、条件、种属、并列等；以及说明方法，如定义、例释、类比等。考生应加强此类文章的阅读训练，不断提高判断、归纳、分析和解决问题的能力。首先我们平时要多关注题材的文章，了解一些基本的普知识；其次，在阅读时要注意实验的目的和结果，不能凭想象和猜测下结论；对于较难理解的句子要利用语法结构去分析；最后，要利用文章特点找准主题句，把握中心，从而一一破解题目。
?2年中考
[2017年题组]
1.【2017江苏南通】请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Each summer，you hear news that some sports players are sent to hospitals because it is too hot. Our bodies can't be outside in the sun for a long time. So in hot summers，be careful about playing sports outside.
Firstly，to play sports safely in hot weather，you must drink water. Sports drinks are great for athletes，but they have so much sugar that they'll dehydrate（使脱水）you more. However，drinking a few bottles of sports drinks will be good for you.
Secondly，be sure to take enough breaks to let your body rest. If your coach doesn't let you take enough breaks in the heat，don't wait until you feel uncomfortable. Just be honest with your coach when you need breaks.
Thirdly，when you have a break，don't sit in the sun. With the sun beating down on you，you'll only heat up and sweat（冒汗）more. Take a seat under a tree，or even better，go indoors for a little while. Cooling yourself down can help you stay active longer.
Fourthly，remember that the earlier in the day you start your exercise，the cooler it will be. If you can start practice before the sun comes up，you have a few good hours to practise in the cool hours of the morning. Also，the earlier you practise，the earlier you can finish the exercise. If you need more practice time，come back to the field later in the evening，when the sun is setting.
Last but not least，you should watch what you eat. Eat food which is high in water，starch（淀粉）and carbonhydrate（糖类），but be sure to get a good balance in your diet.
As long as you pay attention to the above，playing sports safely in the heat isn't a difficult thing.
34．How many pieces of advice are mentioned in the passage?
A．Three B．Four C．Five D．Six
35．From Paragraph 5 we know ．
A．we'd better start our exercise early
B．it is not wise to have practice after aunset
C．we have a long time to practise after sunrise
D．it doesn't matter whether you practise early or late
36．Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A．Sports drinks are good for you with no harm．
B．You need to tell your coach when you feel tired．
C．Sitting under a tree is better than staying indoors．
D．Eating lots of sugar is necessary for sports safely．
37．The passage mainly tells us about ．
A．eating habits in hot summers B．drinking more water in the heat
C．sports safely in hot weather D．taking exercise in different periods
2.【2017浙江金华】阅读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
For many years, scientists have known that laughing is good for the health of our minds and bodies. Now we are learning that it’s not just laughter. Having fun and playing are also good for us! Researchers have found that play is good for people of all ages. Play actually leads to the growth of more nerve connections in the brain and gives us more brain power.
Play is necessary during childhood. As children play, they learn how to make friends and relate to others. They develop their imaginations and become more creative. Kids carry these qualities with them as they grow older.
Amy Whitcomb teaches maths at a school in San Francisco. For several years, she has used games to teach maths. In one class, students play a game with small bags of candy to figure out how many pieces in the bags are red. When they get the correct answer, they can eat the candy! Amy says, ”If it’s not fun, they’re not going to want to be there. They’re not going to want to learn.”
The spirit of playfulness continues through the teenage years into adulthood (成人期). The famous company Google, for example, keeps a lot of toys and games at different places in their offices and encourages people to use them. Their motto is “Work hard. Play hard.” They know that people often get their best ideas when they are just “playing around ” and let their imaginations go wild.
So next time you have to solve a difficult maths problem or can’t think of a topic for an article, take a short play break. Do a little dance, or play a quick game. Then come back to it. Maybe you’ll be surprised at what your brain can do.
38. The example of the company Google is given to show that _______.
A. play is also fit for adults B. everyone there works hard
C. they have a lot of toys and games D. it is very famous in the world
39. The underlined expression “figure out” in Paragraph 3 probably means _______.
look after B. solve the problem of
C. draw a picture of D. play a joke on
40. According to the passage, you need to play if you _______.
A. want to make friends with others B. have to do some homework
C. fail to think of a topic for an article D. find a job in a big company
41. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. A maths lesson B. How children grow
C. The power of play D. Work hard, play hard
3.【2017广西来宾】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
It is reported that some developed countries have shipped broken parts of computers to China. Last month Hong Kong officers found 131,000 kilograms of broken computers, TVs and phones sent from Japan.
Things like these are called electronic waste, or e-waste. Dealing with them is not an easy job. Every time an old computer breaks down, it needs to be dealt with safely. What is worse, at present, broken computer parts are usually buried. It may be hundreds of years before they are really gone in the earth.
Many places in China are polluted by e-waste. Guiyu in Guangdong Province is one of them. This town is named as “the e-waste capital of the world”. It has to deal with 1.5 million kilograms of e-waste each year, from which it makes 75 million yuan. But it comes at a cost. Many of the poisons in e-waste find their way into the environment. An environmental group has found the air, the earth and the rivers in Guiyu badly polluted.
Luckily, the Chinese government wants to change the situation. This year, China passed a new environmental protection law. Computer companies like Lenovo and Dell will be asked to take back their old computers. Hopefully, the problem with e-waste will be solved in the near future.
71. The e-waste found in Hong Kong last month was from _____.
A. France B. Japan C. Germany D. Australia
72. The underlined word “buried” probably means ____in the passage.
A. 焚烧 B. 降解 C. 回收 D. 掩埋
73.The town of Guiyu in Guangdong Province_____.
A. is the e-capital of the world B. has serious e-waste pollution
C. deals with the e-waste safely D. spends much money on e-waste
74.This year, the Chinese government _____.
A. closed some computer companies B. asked people to hand in old computers
C. made a new environmental protection law D. tried to change people’s life
75.The passage is mainly about _____.
A. the e-waste problem in China B. the cost of burning e-waste
C. the ways to deal with e-waste D. the need to pass a law against e-waste
4. 【2017年安徽省初中毕业业考试英语试题】阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
Do you sleep well? If your answer is no, the following might help you.
Set a certain bedtime and rising time
A certain bedtime and rising time can help you build up your body clocks. Set a bedtime which is good and natural for you. Don’t change your bedtime and rising time on weekends.
Avoid exciting activities just before sleeping
Exciting activities get your thoughts running. At the same time, if you make tomorrow’s plan or read an exciting story before turning off the light, it doesn’t give you enough time to relax before you try to sleep.
Keep the bedroom for sleeping only
It’s a bad habit for you to use your bedroom as a place to eat, watch TV, read, talk on the phone, or discuss important matters with your family members. Break that habit to get better sleep.
Don’t go to bed too early
Your body usually lets you sleep only the number of hours it needs. You should decide how many hours you must sleep in order not to experience daytime sleepiness.
Take a warm shower before your bedtime
A twenty-minute warm shower at a temperature of about 45 –50 not only is a great relax at day’s end, but also raises your body temperature by several degrees. The coming drop in temperature of your body will naturally make you feel sleepy.
80. 【小题1】If you want to build up your body clocks, you should ______.
A. set a certain bedtime and rising time B. go to bed neither too early nor too late
C. keep the bedroom for sleeping only D. take a warm shower before sleeping
81. 【小题2】Why should you avoid exciting activities just before sleeping?
A. Because they will get your thoughts running B. Because you have to make tomorrow’s paln
C. Because you should read an exciting story D. Because you will have to turn off the light.
82. 【小题3】Your bedroom should be kept for ______ only.
A. talking B. eating C. reading D. sleeping
83. 【小题4】According to the passage, ______ will make you feel sleepy.
A. taking a cold shower B. your body temperature dropping
C. your daily experience D. raising your body temperature
[2016年题组]
1.【湖南衡阳】阅读下面的短文，并根据短文内容判断文后句子的正（T）误（F）。（共5小题，计10分）
Most teens need more than 9 hours of sleep each night. But about 1 in 4 teens has trouble in sleeping. Lack（缺少）of sleep can affect everything from our feelings to how well we focus on tasks like studying. It can also influence sports performance, increase our chances of getting sick, and may be related to weight gain in some people.
How can we get the sleep we need? Here are some ideas:
Be active during the day. Get at least 60 minutes of exercise a day. Physical activity can decrease（减少） stress and help people feel more relaxed. Just don't work too close to bedtime because exercise can wake you up before it slows you down.
Say goodnight to electronics. Experts suggest using the bedroom for sleep only. At least shut everything down an hour or more before lights out.
Keep a sleep routine（常规）. Going to bed at the same time every night helps the body expect sleep. Creating a set bedtime routine can improve this relaxation effect. Spending time with a pet, writing a diary or doing anything else can relax you.
Expect a good night's sleep. Instead of worrying that you won't sleep, remind（提醒）yourself that you can. Say "Tonight, I will sleep well" several times during the day. It can also help to practice breathing exercises or gentle exercises before bed.
Everyone has a sleepless night once in a while. But if you regularly have trouble in sleeping and you think it's affecting your mood or performance, talk to your doctor.
46.How many hours of sleep do most teens need each night?
47.Can physical activity increase stress or decrease stress?
48.If Tom often has trouble sleeping and it affects like performance, what should he do?
49.Does making the light on help to have a good sleep?
50.Write down at least one of your suggestions about getting the sleep we need.
2.【江苏常州】阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Every living thing on Earth is either a plant or an animal, right? Wrong! Many organisms（有机体）in our world are neither. Some of them float through the air, and some lie hidden in the ground. They do not need sunlight to survive, and if the weather becomes too cold, they can become inactive until conditions improve.
What are these? They are called fungi(菌类), and you see them almost every day. Many kinds of fungi seem disgusting, such as the green black things that appear on the food which are left too long in the refrigerator. But other kinds are not so bad. For example, the yeast that is used to make bread and mushrooms (蘑菇) are both fungi.
What makes fungi different from plants and animals? An animal can move around by itself. Fungi get around too, but they don't have feet, wings, or tails. They have to wait for wind or some other outside force to move them. Plants are different from fungi because they have chlorophyll（叶绿素）. It helps them make food from the energy in sunlight. Fungi do not have chlorophyll.
Some fungi are bad, while others are not. Some fungi cause diseases, such as athlete’s foot, which makes feet uncomfortable. Other kinds of fungi can be used to make medicines, which have saved many lives.
Fungi clean up more than wounds, though. They are the world’s first recyclers. Without fungi, our world would be a mess. Since fungi cannot make their own food as plants do, they must get their food elsewhere. Many fungi get their food from dead plants. They break them down and turn them into soil. The fungi get a meal, and the world gets a housecleaning.
23.What does the underlined word “disgusting”most probably mean?
A. strong B. unpleasant C. active D. small
24.According to the passage, ______.
A. fungi can move everywhere by themselves
B. fungi are unable to survive in cold conditions
C. some fungi can make food from the energy in sunlight.
D. some fungi are useful to humans and the environment
25.Where can you most probably find this passage?
A. In a social report. B. In a biology book. C. In a geography magazine. D. In a farming book.
3.【浙江金华】阅读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Huw Thomas fell in love with Megan. But then an accident changed his life, and he had to move to Canada. Megan promised to write to him. But Huw never heard from her ... until one day a letter arrived.
He saw the letter came from where he and his father had lived in their early years. Who was writing to him? He turned the envelope (信封) over in his hands several times. Then he took out the letter and read:
Dear Huw,
I don’t know if this letter will reach you, and I don’t really know why I’m writing to you after all these years, but ...
Huw turned to the end of the letter and saw:
Best wishes
Megan
He couldn’t believe it. He turned back to the first words of the letter and read:
... after all these years, but I’ve just found your letters to me from Canada. Believe me, this was the first time I’d read them and they made me cry, even after 50 years. I found them in a box of my father’s papers. They were never opened.
Huw, I never knew that you’d written to me. I thought your new life in Canada had made you forget me. Now I realize that my father kept your letters. I can still remember asking him if there was any letter for me, and he always said “ ▲ , my girl. I told you he was no good.” Finally, after about a year, I believed him.
But why did he keep the letters? Do you think he wanted me to find them when it was too late? Anyway, he’s dead now, so I can’t ask him. All I can say is I’m sorry. Sorry for what my father did, sorry that you never heard from me and sorry for… everything.
I hope that at least this letter reaches you. Of course, I’ll understand if you don’t want to write back to me, but if you do, I am still Megan Jenkins, and I still live at the same address.
Best wishes,
Megan
Huw read the letter again. Everything with Megan came back to him. He had never forgotten her. He couldn’t. Every day he looked at her face on the wall. He had a drawing of her. It had traveled everywhere with him. But to hear from her again …
“Are you all right, Dad?” asked Mike, coming into the room.
(Adapted from Two Lives by Helen Naylor)
42. Why did Huw turn to the end of the letter before he finished the rest of it?
A. Because he was not interested in the beginning.
B. Because he didn’t like to read letters from Megan.
C. Because he wanted to finish reading it in a short time.
D. Because he wanted to know whom the letter was from.
43. Megan failed to read Huw’s letters because _______.
A. her father kept them B. they were lost on the way
C. she moved to another city D. he didn’t post them at all
44. Which of the following sentences can be put in the ▲ ?
A. Sorry, it’s my fault B. Look up here
C. No, he has forgotten you D. Yes, here are the ones from him
45. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Huw had never got married all these years.
B. Megan was still living with her father in Canada.
C. Megan was sure that Huw would receive her letter.
D. Megan still loved Huw and felt sorry for what had happened.
4.【2016广西来宾】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
An old man was going home late one night with his horse and cart after a day’s hard work. with his horse and cart after a day’s hard work. When he was not far away from his house, the light on the cart went out. He tried but could not repair it. He was near his home, and so he went along the road without a light. When a policeman saw this, he stopped the old man.
“Where is your light?” asked the policeman. “No man may take a cart along the road at night without a light. You know that. You have broken the law.” “I had a light, but it has just gone out,” said the old man.
“I don’t believe that story. What’s your name and where do you live?” asked the policeman. “Please don’t write down my name,” said the old man. “My home is just there. You can see it from here. I had a light nearly the whole way.”
“You came all the way without a light. What’s your name?”
The old man quickly took the policeman’s hand and put it down on the top of the light. The light was still hot and burnt the policeman’s hand. The policeman jumped and he was very angry. “Now, what do you think?” said the old man. “Did I come all the way without a light?”
61. What does the underlined word “cart” mean in the passage?
A. It means house. B. It is something pulled by a horse.
C. It means light. D. It is something used for cooking food.
62. The old man drove home _____.
A. late one night B. with his donkey C. with a policeman D. early one morning
63. Where did the policeman stop the old man?
A. Under a street light. B. At the traffic lights.
C. Near the old man’s home. D. Far away from the old man’s home.
64. Why was the old man stopped by the policeman?
A. Because the light on his cart was not on.
B. Because he burnt the policeman’s hand.
C. Because he broke a street light.
D. Because he didn’t want to help the policeman.
65. What made the policeman believe the old man’s words?
A. He made the policeman angry. B. He jumped and shouted angrily.
C. The light burnt the policeman’s hand. D. He made the policeman touch the cart.
?考点归纳
解题思路
(一)先读问题，弄清考查要点，以便能带着问题看文章，这样会心中有数，有的放矢。
(二)快速浏览全文，掌握全貌，注意发现与问题有关的信息，如果时间紧，至少要扫视一下起首段和尾段。再把标题和文章内容结合起来想一想，这样全文大意便清楚了。此时，不要忙于答题。
(三)细读原文，捕捉相关信息词，掌握短文细节内容。这是解题的关键，应特别注意以下几点：
1. 抓住四个"W"和一个"H"，就是边读边用铅笔做些标记，把What (事件)，When(时间)，Where(地点)，Why(原因)，How(经过)划出来。抓住了四个“W”和一个“H”，就抓住了文章的全貌，一些直接性的问题便可解决。
2.抓住连接词及起关键作用的副词、代词、介词、插入语等。因为这些词具有因果，让步，递进，转折，指代，列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能。这对考生分清文章层次，辨明各种关系，了解人物心理，推断作者意图，进行逻辑推理等手段来分析难点，都具有举足轻重的作用。
3. 注意领会文章的寓意。
4.根据题意，初选答案。这一步须仔细审题，领会测试要求，确定解题方法。对那些明显的，有把握的题可以断然确定，不必把其余三个答案再作推敲而浪费时间：有些略难的题，应再查阅短文(不是重读一遍)，迅速找出依据，予以排除。常用的解题方法有如下几种：
① 直接解题法。即从原文中直接找出答案。
② 归纳解题法。对于不能从原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和线索的前题下进行概括、归纳得出正确答案。
③ 综合推理法。读者需统观全文，认真分析，综合推理及至计算，最后归纳出正确答案。
题干中有"suggest, conclude, conclusion, probably, reason, because, according to“等字眼时，属于推断概括型，考查内容着眼于全篇，考生应具备一定的分析归纳，推理等逻辑思维能力。
④ 捕捉关键词。在阅读时应该注意与问题相关的同义词，近义词，反义词或同位词等信息词来得出正确答案。
⑤ 转换解题法。即原文这么说，而在问题和所给选项中则用另外的词去转换一种说法，但仍表示同一含义。
⑥ 排除法。根据语言，句法结构，信息词和常识，在没有把握的选项中用排除法得出正确答案。
四、重读原文，仔细斟酌核对答案。在解完最后一道题后，如果时间允许，再将原文读一遍;用全文的主题思想统率各思考题，研究其内在联系和逻辑关系，目的在于对所做答案进一步审查，推出未解答的题，以便减少失误。
二、题型分类
初中英语阅读理解往往有以下三大题型，抓住它的解法和思路，就可以顺利做好这些题目：
(一)选择符合文章的选项
(二)判断正误
(三)根据文章内容回答问题，现今该题型归纳在任务型阅读中，此处不做详解。
?解题技能
中考英语阅读理解答题技巧及步骤。
1、跳读（略读、有选择地读）：读标题、插图、主题句、题干等，把握文章的体裁、题材、话题等。
2、扫读（快速地、完全地阅读）：对文章信息精确定位，锁定重要信息，如把握大意、段意，弄清人物、时间、地点、数字等之间的关系。
3、选读：（对准题目、有选择性地细读）确定中心思想及标题；了解用以阐述中心思想的事实及细节；对作者的暗示或隐含思想进行判断、推理、引申；根据上下文推测词义。
★加快阅读速度技巧：扩大视距。要以意群为单位，注重对整句话的理解，扩大注视空间。带问题阅读：先浏览短文后面的题目，做到心中有数，带着目的去阅读，以提高阅读实效。返回搜狐，查看更多
从如何进一步提高阅读理解能力方面提出复习迎考策略。
一、养成良好阅读心态
阅读时过于紧张、思想开小差等消极因素会妨碍大脑的正常思维，而保持心绪安定，精神专一等良好的阅读习惯则能大大提高大脑的思维。良好的阅读习惯来自于良好的阅读心态。因此，从现在开始，注意在平时的阅读理解训练中保持一种好的阅读心态，精力应集中，心态要平和，在碰到生词难句时不能心烦意乱，要保持一种良好的心绪，这样才能对所读的文章印象清晰，思想深刻，才能更好地把握住文章的脉络。
二、注重提高阅读的速度
中考英语阅读理解共由4篇文章组成，从某种程度上说，阅读理解考的也是阅读速度，要会快速浏览，能快速找出文章的关键词句和主旨。因此要注重培养自己快速阅读的习惯，扩大眼睛阅读的广度，把逐词逐句的点式阅读变成一种较快速度的线式阅读;在碰到生词或难懂的句子时不能浪费时间，可以先行越过，个别难懂的词句可以根据上下文和构词法去猜测、推断。
三、注意阅读技巧训练
可以通过反复精做一篇阅读，直到全对，不断总结、调整和强化获取表层信息及内在信息或猜测、推理、判断、概括的能力;还要善于找关键句，在很多文章里第一段和每段的第一句往往是关键句，可以帮助同们理解整个文章的主题或某一段的概括。在阅读中，要注意抓住中心思想(Main idea)，以及文中出现的who、where、when、what及why等关键词。
四、要坚持每天阅读
每天读两至三篇题材各样的小短文。要多练习富有代表性、典型性的体裁和题材的阅读文章，如记叙文、议论文、说明文、应用文，幽默故事、新闻广告、文体娱乐、普常识、文化习俗，多关注社会热点、新闻时事和身边的话题。将坚持阅读的习惯保持到考前的最后一天。
五、可采取限时阅读的方法
采用限时阅读，即在一定时间内读完文章及做完相关的习题。同们对于不同的阅读材料，要采用不同的阅读方法以及阅读的速度。着重培养对阅读材料进行分析、推理和判断的能力以及对阅读内容给予评价的能力。
笔者根据多年指导毕业班的经验，从如何进一步提高阅读理解能力方面提出复习迎考策略。
阅读理解具体考查的内容：
1、理解具体信息
2、推测生词词义
3、理解概念性含义
4、判断、推理和引申
5、理解主旨要义
6、理解结构，句段关系
7、理解作者意图
考试类型：
(一).细节理解
(二).推理判断
(三).词义猜测
(四).主旨归纳
解题步骤
一、快速阅读，读懂大意
二、明确要求，逐一解答
三、重读问题，理解问题
四、带着问题，重读文章
?1年模拟
1.【2016贵州黔西南】阅读下面短文，根据内容选择最佳答案。
Taking away a city’s rubbish is a big job. Every day tracks come into a city to collect it. Most rubbish is made up of things we can’t eat or use. If we kept these things we would soon have a mountain of rubbish.
In some cities the rubbish is collected and taken outside of city to a dump. Often the city dump is placed where the ground is low or there is a big hole. The kitchen rubbish is broken into small pieces and sent into the sewage system. The sewage system takes away the used water from toilets, bathtubs and other places.
To keep mice and flies away, some earth is used to cover the newly dumped rubbish. Later, grass may be planted on the rubbish-filled land. Finally, a house or a school may be built there, and then you’d never know that this had once been an old rubbish dump.
In other cities the rubbish is burnt in special places. The fire burns everything but the metal. Sometimes the metal can be used again in factories where things are made of metal. The food parts of rubbish are put in special piles where they slowly change into something called humus, which looks like black earth. It is rich with the kinds of things that feed plants and help make them grow.
51.What’s the main idea of the article?
A.To let us know taking away rubbish is a big job. B.To explain the need for rubbish collection.
C.To introduce different ways to treat rubbish. D.To tell us to take useful things out of rubbish.
52.We can usually read the article in.
A.a science book B.a story book
C.a history book D.a tour guide
53.What’s the meaning of the word “sewage”in the article?
A.吸尘 B.洗涤 C.安全 D.排污
54.The food parts of rubbish can be used again.
A.to feed people B.to feed plants
C.to build a house D.for us to eat
55.How should we do with a used metal box in the passage?
A.By throwing it away. B.By putting it in earth.
C.By burning it off. D.By reusing and recycling it.
2.【2016黑龙江哈尔滨】阅读理解
Have you ever seen the movie. Big Hero 6 ? Baymax(大白) is a main character in the movie. He's a friendly big robot that looks After people's health. If there is a robot like Baymax in our real life， people will get more benefits. The robot will be especially helpful in caring for the old. The health of old people needs greater monitoring and care;.
Scientists in America are now working to make Baymax a really(实现)- Actually. they have already produced some health care robots. These robots provide brain video games to improve people's memory. The garner can help the old remember things for longer. Besides， these provide special app (应用程序） to help the old manage their health at home. The apps can check the old people’ heart rate (心率) and tell them to take their medicine on lime. The apps can also record their daily activities. Such collected information helps doctors discover the cause of an illness faster and more correctly. But the health care robots are’ t as clever as Baymax yet.
Nowadays，scientists are working on improving the health care robots. They Hope the robots can produce electricity by walking across the floor. If they succeed. batteries will not be needed. They also hope the robots communicate with humans in the daily life so to make people happier and healthier.
Scientists are trying to realize these dreams. Like Baymax， these health care robots may save people's lives in the future. We are looking forward to them.
选择最佳答案。
46. The underlined word ''monitoring** in the passage means “ _____ ” in Chinese.
A .监测 B娱乐 C .危害
47. According to the passage， Baymax is
A. a friendly small robot that looks after people's health
B. as clever as the health care robots in real life
C. a main character in the movie Big Hero 6
48. In the passage， the health care robots that have been produced by scientists ________ .
A. can't improve people's memory
B. can communicate with humane in the daily life
C. can help the old manage their health at home
49. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Nowadays the health care robots ran product electricity by walking across the floor.
B. Both the doctors and the old who use the health care robots can get help from them.
C. The health earn robots can provide video games to check a person's heart rate.
50. What is the passage mainly about?
A. It's mainly about the movie Big Hero 6.
B. It's mainly about the health care robots
C. It's mainly about the importance of health.
3.【2016湖北随州】阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳选项。
An eight-year-old child heard her parents talking about her little brother. All she knew was that he was very sick and they had no money. Only a very expensive operation could save him now and there was no one to lend them the money.
When she heard her daddy say to her tearful mother, “Only a miracle(奇迹) can save him now.” the little girl went to her bedroom and pulled her money from its hiding place and counted it carefully.
She hurried to a drugstore with the money in her hand.
“And what do you want?” asked the salesman. “It’s for my little brother,” the girl answered. “He’s really, really sick and I want to buy a miracle.” “Pardon?” said the salesman.
“My brother Andrew has something bad growing inside his head and my daddy says only a miracle can save him. So how much does a miracle cost?” “We don’t sell a miracle here, child. I’m sorry.” the salesman said with a smile.
“Listen, if it isn’t enough, I can try and get some more. Just tell me how much it costs.”
A well-dressed man heard this and asked, “What kind of miracle does your brother need?”
“I don’t know,” she answered with her eyes full of tears. “He’s really sick and mum says he needs an operation. But my daddy can’t pay for it, so I have brought all my money.”
“How much do you have?” asked the man. “$1.11, but I can try and get some more.” she answered.
“Well, what luck ,”smiled the man. “$1.11, the price of a miracle for your little brother.”
He took up the girl’s hand and said , “Take me to where you live. I want to see your brother and meet your parents. Let’s see if I have the kind of miracle you need.”
That well-dressed man was Dr. Carlton Armstrong, a famous doctor. The operation was successful and it wasn’t long before Andrew was home again.
How much did the miracle cost?
62．What was the trouble in the little girl’s family?
A．Her brother was seriously ill. B．They had no money.
C．Nothing could save her brother. D．Both A and B.
63．In the eyes of the little girl, a miracle might be______．
A．something interesting. B．something beautiful.
C．some wonderful medicine. D．some good food.
64．What made the miracle happen?
A．The girl’s love for her brother. B．The medicine from the drugstore．
C．The girl’s money. D．Nobody can tell．
65．From the passage we can infer(推断)that______．
A．the doctor didn’t ask for any pay
B．a miracle is sure to happen if you keep on
C．the little girl is lovely but not so clever
D．Andrew was in fact not so sick as they had thought
4.【2016湖南衡阳】
It was a cold snowy morning after the winter vacation. And it was my first day at my new school. I was walking alone slowly and worrying about lots of things. It was early and there weren't many people on the road. Suddenly a girl who was riding her bike on ice fell down. She was trying hard to get up but fell again. Without thinking, I went over and helped her. She said “thank you” with a smile and then rode away. Her words warmed me a lot.
Finally, I got to school. The teacher led me to the classroom and introduced me to the class. Then he asked me to sit down beside a girl. I felt so nervous that I didn’t dare to look at her. Soon the first class, English, started. Their textbook was different from those in my old school. As I was wondering what to do, an English book appeared in front of me. “Let’s share,” the girl beside me said. “Hi, I’m Carrie.” I looked up. It was the girl I helped that morning. Later on, we became good friends.
From that I learned: to help others is actually to help ourselves!
41.It was early and there were many people on the road.
42.After getting up, the girl rode away without saying a word.
43.The writer felt very excited when the teacher asked the writer to sit down beside a girl.
44.The girl asked the writer to share the English textbook with her.
45.From the story, we learned that helping others is actually helping ourselves.
?解读考点
阅读题型探究
中考英语的完型阅读题型是英语考试中最重要的部分，占了考试内容的大部分内容，也是生得分的重要内容。要想得到高分，必须审清题干；根据语境，联系上下文，抓住主旨句、根据细节分析。
直击考点
中考阅读理解能力测试的主要要求
1、直接型(查找事实、细节<单个或多个>)：这类题目主要包括事实识别、有关计算、识图、排列顺序等。一般地，这类题目可以直接从短文中找到可用的信息。这些问题一般都涉及到文章的“5W”，即 who(人物)，when(时间)，where(地点)， what(事件)，why(原因)，how(方式)等。题目设计大多直截了当。只要通读全文，注意文中所述的重要事实或细节，就可以做出正确解答。以图表材料命制的题目更是如此。
2、理解型(理解词句或句子含义)：结合具体的语境，正确理解单词、词组或句子在阅读材料中的确切含义，是阅读理解能力的一个重要方面。有些词句，虽然未曾过，但可通过上下文语境推测其含义，有些词虽然不是生词，但在具体的语言环境中已被赋予了特定的、新的含义。解答这类题目时需要对有关的上下文，甚至整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解才能做出正确答案。
拓展：猜测词义几种常用方法：
（下面的猜测方法比较适合成绩较好的初中生和高中生研读）
1）构词知识法：Tom disagreed with the captain about this. 前缀dis-表示否定，据此disagree 意为“不同意”。
2）定义法：
例1：A century is a hundred years. a hundred years 解释了century的意思是“百年”或“世纪”。
例2：A bag is useful and the word “bag” is useful. It gives us some interesting phrases(短语). One is “to let the cat out of the bag”. It is the same as “to tell a secret”….
Now when someone lets out (泄漏) a secret, he “lets the cat out of the bag.”
◆John “lets the cat out of the bag” means he ______.
A. makes everyone know a secret B. the woman bout a cat
C. buys a cat in the bag D. sells the cat in the bag
在这篇文章里，“let the cat out of the bag”虽然是一个新出现的短语，但紧接着后面就给出解释It is the same as “to tell a secret”根据这一解释，我们就可判断出正确答案应为A。
3、推理型(逻辑推理、数据计算)：这类题目的答案在原文中是不能直接找到的，必须抓住文中相关信息，顺藤摸瓜，进行有理有据的分析、归纳和推理，才能找出答案。有时需要透彻理解作者的双关语和弦外之音等。在表现形式上常采用下列句式：
We can infer/learn/conclude from the passage that ______.
The story suggests that ______.
What is the reason of……?
What is the real meaning of ……’s words?
According to the passage, we know that______.
From the story we can see/learn/say______.
The writer tells us______.
It can be seen from the passage that______.
(a) 根据常识推断
很多短文所设计的题目往往与其它方面的常识相关联，有时需结合或根据已有的常识做出判断。比如解答小品文的题目可能要用到物理或化方面的知识，解答跟自然有关的题目可能要用到地理、生物方面的知识等。靠这些知识的帮助，往往能快速做出解答，至少可以更加准确地理解短文。例如：
……One day we invited some friends to dinner. When it was about half past eleven, my wife found that we had little bread. So she asked our five-year-old daughter, Kathy, to buy some. ……
◆One day, Kathy’s parents invited some friends to have___.
A. breakfast B. lunch C. supper D. a party
【分析】由文中“One day we invited some friends to dinner.”一句可知，主人要宴请客人吃饭，所以D项(聚会)不合文意，先予以排除。但是在早(breakfast)，午(lunch)，晚(supper)三餐中，却未明确指出到底请客人吃哪一顿饭。英语中对“dinner”一词的解释是：main meal of the day, whether eaten at midday or in the evening. 这样可以将A项排除。至于是B还是C，仍然不能确定。再看下文中的“When it was about half past eleven…”，显然，快十一点半点了，主人尚未准备就绪。根据生活常识，这里的无疑是上午11:30，再结合“一日三餐”这一常识，他们请客人吃的只能是午饭，所以可以推断出正确答案是B。
(b) 根据计算判断
有些题目需根据短文的意思进行数字运算。中考的“阅读理解”中的数据推算并不要求高深的数知识。在有关数据推算的试题中，根据短文所提供的数据进行必要的运算时，所涉及的数知识一般都比较简单，关键在于准确理解原文的含义。例如：
……In five years the percentage (比例) of Beijing residents who can speak English will be raised to around 30 percent from 15 percent now. ……
◆If the population of Beijing grows to fifteen million by 2016, how many people will probably be able to speak English? About ____.
A. 15,000,000 B. 4,500,000 C. 3,000,000 D. 1,500,000
【分析】原文中提到：五年之后，会说英语的北京居民的比例将会由现在的15%提升到30%。试卷所提的问题是：如果到2008年北京的人口达到15,000,000，会说英语的人将会有多少？尽管短文中没有提到这个数据，但根据题意不难推算15,000,000×30%=4,500,000所以答案为B。
(c) 根据逻辑关系推断
根据短文中的基本事实、故事情节发展的逻辑关系(如时间、因果、条件、比较、转折、让步等，)进行深层的理解，并在此基础上进行题目的理解。在逻辑判断题中，这部分题目是比较难做的。
例1：……We are in the computer age. We often see computers at work. They are especially usefully in automatic control, data processing (数据处理) and solving complicated problems. And they are finding their way into the home. The part played by computers is becoming even more important with each passing day.
More and clever computers will continue to appear. They will run faster, have more functions and work much more skillfully. They will take over more tasks from us, helping to change the face of our world. Some people even think that sooner or later computers will replace us.
However……
◆Which of the following will best continue the third paragraph?
A. Computers will soon stop developing. B. Many people like computers very much.
C. Computers are as cleverer as man. D. I do not think computers will replace us completely.
【分析】显然，本文采用了对比的方式来表达自己对电脑的看法。前面描写了计算机的优点，但作者用however一词预示自己将引出相反的观点，故答案为D。
例2：……Secondly, a news story has to be interesting and unusual. People don’t want to read stories about everyday life. As a result, many stories are about some kind of danger and seem to be “bad” news…….
◆According to the passage, which of the following can you most possibly watch on TV?
A. You often play football with your friends after school. B. Your teacher has got a cold.
C. A tiger in the city zoo has run out and hasn’t been caught. D. The bike in front of your house is lost.
根据这段文字，我们可以推断：电视报道的新闻故事必须是有趣的和不平常的。因此，正确答案应为C。
4、概括型(归纳主旨大意)：要求考生在阅读和理解全文大意的基础上对文章做出归纳、概括或评价。解这种题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，比如涉及文章的标题(title)、主题(main idea)、结论(conclusion)、结局(end)等有关问题，都需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所语言知识、背景知识、生活常识、专业知识进行逻辑思维推理判断，有的时候还要求对作者写作的意图、观点进行剖析，甚至推测作者的语气、态度等。在表现形式上常采用下列句式：
This passage is about__________.
The main idea of this passage is ___________.
The best title (标题) of the passage can be ____________.
The passage is probably taken from a__________.
例如：Have you ever heard your own voice?“Of course,”you say.
Has anyone else ever heard your voice? Again you say,“Of course.”
But that’s not quite true. Nobody else has ever heard your voice—the way you hear it. When you talk, you set up sound waves (声波). The air outside your head carries the sound waves to your outer ears. But, of course, the sound of your voice begins inside your head. The bones (骨头) of your head pick up the sound waves, too. They carry the sound waves straight to your inner(里面的) ears. You get the sound from the outside and the inside too. Other people get just the sound waves from the outside. That’s why they don’t hear your voice the way you do.
◆The passage is mainly about _________.
A. waves in the air B. the way you hear your own voice
C. voice gets around far and wide D. the different ways you and others hear your voice
【分析】这篇阅读材料所讲的是我们每个人都熟悉的事。
通读全文，我们知道短文的大意是：别人听到我们声音的方式与我们自己听到的方式是不同的。周围的空气将我们说话时发出的声波传送到外耳。由于声音是从头的内部发出来的，我们自己的头骨也受到声波的振动，并直接将声波传送到内耳里。这也就是说，我们自己是从外部和内部两处同时听到声音的。而别人则不然，他们只是从外部接收到我们发出的声波。根据短文提供的以上信息，不难看出，这篇短文的主旨是“自己和别人听到自己声音的方式是不同的”。所以答案为D。
中考英语阅读理解分类解读
人物故事类
【命题趋势】?
人物故事以记述人物生平故事为主。体裁一般是记叙文，包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。写作手法多采用时间、空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终。命题以细节为主，推理为辅。近年来，人物传记类阅读文章在高中阅读理解题中有所减少。?
【应试对策】?
人物故事类文章多为记叙文，为了支撑所要描述的人物，短语往往会出现大量细节，这些细节有时很直接，理解字面意思即可，有时则很间接，需要综合、归纳、推理才能判断。准确理解细节是做好这类题的关键。那么，怎样准确理解细节呢？
首先，从问题中找到关键词；然后以此为线索，运用略读和查阅的技巧在文中迅速找细节；找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读，认真比较选项和文中细节的区别；最后，在正确理解细节的前提下，确定最佳答案。二、社会文化类
【命题趋势】
语言是社会文化的重要载体。习英语的目的之一就是“提高初步运用英语进行交际的能力，增强对外国文化，特别是英语国家文化的了解”。因此，社会文化类试题出现在高考试卷中是必然的。社会文化类文章的命题有以下趋势：?
1.以中西文化差异作为选材的重点。如礼仪、语言、生活习惯、世界观、价值观等为主题。题材涉及社会、文化、教育、体育等方面的内容。?
2.一般一篇文章一个主题。以议论文、记叙文居多。?
3.命题方面，既重主旨把握，又重特定细节，时有推断。?
【应试对策】?
对英语语言、社会、文化的了解是一个长期的过程，在复习时要注意：?
1.重视英语词汇、语法和习惯用法的掌握。?
在复习过程加强对语言基础知识的掌握。对于普通中毕业生来说，应具备2000－3500的词汇量，并掌握其词类、意思和基本用法。掌握句子结构和句子成分之间的关系。熟悉固定词组、固定搭配等约定俗成的语法项目。2.扩展文化背景知识，认真研读历届高考题。?
从近五年的高考题看，阅读内容的社会实用性越来越强，更重视语言和文化的关系，阅读材料会更多地涉及社会化背景知识。因此，要通过阅读更多地涉及社会文化背景知识，要通过阅读更多地了解并丰富自己的知识。?
同时，要认真研读近五年的高考篇目，增加语言经验，适应选材特点，熟悉题材和体裁。了解设问形式，感悟设问特点。?
3.广泛涉猎，丰富消遣阅读。
三、逸闻趣事类：
【命题趋势】?
逸闻趣事以日常生活中的事情入手，描述一些鲜为人知的事。幽默故事是其主要内容。选材多于日常生活，给人似曾相识之感，但随着故事的发展、展开、结束，给人以意外的感觉。逸闻趣事类文章有以下趋势：?
1.特点：文章简短，描述一个片断。?
2.命题：多考查对事件的发生、发展和结局进行合理的推断。?
3.选材：描述“另类”，标新立异。?
【应试对策】?
1.阅读这种文章，应特别注意对人物的外貌、语言、动作和思想的描写，从而把握人物性格特点和作者的情感态度。?
2.若是叙述性的文章，要读懂起因、经过、结果。若是故事性文章应读懂故事的发生、发展、高潮、结局。它们是我们读懂趣闻逸事所必需的。?
3.若是幽默故事，应体会风趣的对话、特别的动作，它们是幽默的精髓。?
四、史地常识类?
【命题趋势】?
英语是我们认识世界，了解世界的工具。史地常识类文章通常介绍异域风光，历史事件，进一步扩大我们的视野和对其他国家，尤其是对英语国家的了解。因此史地常识类文章经常出现在高考阅读理解中，其趋势是：?
1.选材：英语国家的主要名胜或历史事件，历史年代。?
2.命题：以细节题为主，有一定主观推断题。?
3.知识：涉及一定的地理常识或历史知识。?
【应试对策】?
史地常识类文章多以细节题为主，着重考查理解文中具体信息的能力。细节题一般分为以下几类:?
1.排序题：根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子间的逻辑关系，找出事件正确顺序。一般采用“首尾定位法”来做题。即先出第一个和最后一个事件，缩小范围，得出答案。
2.图文转换题：根据短文描写找出相应图形或根据图形找出答案。一般采用“文史锁定法”，(找出文字，按“文”定“图”)或“图形标示法”。(在图中标出内容，以便理解)
3.数字换算题：根据数据，找出换算关系，计算并得出答案。?
4.表格理解题：看懂行和列分别代表的意义，正确理解，作出选择。?
5.同义转换题。?
6.代词指代题：理清人物、事件间的逻辑关系，使人物、事件更加条理化，简明化。
五. 普知识类
【命题趋势】
这种题材的文章大部分是介绍技前沿、动态、新的发明创造、研方法、生态环保或是对某一个问题的来龙去脉和解决方法等加以介绍。作者的目的就是让读者获得知识、信息，对说明对象有所了解，并获得某些方面的启示。其特点如下：
1. 文章中会牵涉到实验、研究者、研究方法、在某项主题上的不同意见和争鸣，有时会出现读者还不熟悉的前沿性的题材，但作者一般持客观的态度，不显示自己的褒贬之意；
2. 此类文章为了做到通俗易懂，在语言上尽量避免使用专业性词汇，对于动词，做到这一点较容易，但是有些专有名词则无法避免，不过，作者通常会对较难的专有名词进行解释，甚至举例说明，这往往也是出题的地方；
3. 在语法上，此类文章长句使用较多，主从复合句、同位语、插入语、非谓语动词形式和被动语态使用率较高；
4. 此类文章语篇模式一般比较固定、整齐，主题句通常位于段首，多使用平行结构。
【应试对策】
针对普文章的这些特点，阅读这类文章重在把握被说明事物各因素之间的联系，如因果、条件、种属、并列等；以及说明方法，如定义、例释、类比等。考生应加强此类文章的阅读训练，不断提高判断、归纳、分析和解决问题的能力。首先我们平时要多关注题材的文章，了解一些基本的普知识；其次，在阅读时要注意实验的目的和结果，不能凭想象和猜测下结论；对于较难理解的句子要利用语法结构去分析；最后，要利用文章特点找准主题句，把握中心，从而一一破解题目。
?2年中考
[2017年题组]
1.【2017江苏南通】请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Each summer，you hear news that some sports players are sent to hospitals because it is too hot. Our bodies can't be outside in the sun for a long time. So in hot summers，be careful about playing sports outside.
Firstly，to play sports safely in hot weather，you must drink water. Sports drinks are great for athletes，but they have so much sugar that they'll dehydrate（使脱水）you more. However，drinking a few bottles of sports drinks will be good for you.
Secondly，be sure to take enough breaks to let your body rest. If your coach doesn't let you take enough breaks in the heat，don't wait until you feel uncomfortable. Just be honest with your coach when you need breaks.
Thirdly，when you have a break，don't sit in the sun. With the sun beating down on you，you'll only heat up and sweat（冒汗）more. Take a seat under a tree，or even better，go indoors for a little while. Cooling yourself down can help you stay active longer.
Fourthly，remember that the earlier in the day you start your exercise，the cooler it will be. If you can start practice before the sun comes up，you have a few good hours to practise in the cool hours of the morning. Also，the earlier you practise，the earlier you can finish the exercise. If you need more practice time，come back to the field later in the evening，when the sun is setting.
Last but not least，you should watch what you eat. Eat food which is high in water，starch（淀粉）and carbonhydrate（糖类），but be sure to get a good balance in your diet.
As long as you pay attention to the above，playing sports safely in the heat isn't a difficult thing.
34．How many pieces of advice are mentioned in the passage?
A．Three B．Four C．Five D．Six
35．From Paragraph 5 we know ．
A．we'd better start our exercise early
B．it is not wise to have practice after aunset
C．we have a long time to practise after sunrise
D．it doesn't matter whether you practise early or late
36．Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A．Sports drinks are good for you with no harm．
B．You need to tell your coach when you feel tired．
C．Sitting under a tree is better than staying indoors．
D．Eating lots of sugar is necessary for sports safely．
37．The passage mainly tells us about ．
A．eating habits in hot summers B．drinking more water in the heat
C．sports safely in hot weather D．taking exercise in different periods
【答案】
34.C
35.A
36.B
37.C
34.C细节理解题。根据短文中的句子Firstly，Secondly，Thirdly，Fourthly，Last but not least，可知，短文中共提到五条建议。答案为C。
35.A细节理解题。根据短文中的句子“Fourthly，remember that the earlier in the day you start your exercise，the cooler it will be.”可知，每天最好尽早地锻炼身体。答案为A。
36.B 细节判断题。根据短文中的句子“If your coach doesn't let you take enough breaks in the heat，don't wait until you feel uncomfortable. Just be honest with your coach when you need breaks.”可知，在高温下，不要等到不舒服再去告诉你的教练，需要休息时要及时向教练禀报。故答案为B。
37.C主旨大意题。根据第一段的内容可知，本文主要叙述了在炎热的夏天，进行户外活动要安全，故选C。
考点：健康保健类短文阅读。
2.【2017浙江金华】阅读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
For many years, scientists have known that laughing is good for the health of our minds and bodies. Now we are learning that it’s not just laughter. Having fun and playing are also good for us! Researchers have found that play is good for people of all ages. Play actually leads to the growth of more nerve connections in the brain and gives us more brain power.
Play is necessary during childhood. As children play, they learn how to make friends and relate to others. They develop their imaginations and become more creative. Kids carry these qualities with them as they grow older.
Amy Whitcomb teaches maths at a school in San Francisco. For several years, she has used games to teach maths. In one class, students play a game with small bags of candy to figure out how many pieces in the bags are red. When they get the correct answer, they can eat the candy! Amy says, ”If it’s not fun, they’re not going to want to be there. They’re not going to want to learn.”
The spirit of playfulness continues through the teenage years into adulthood (成人期). The famous company Google, for example, keeps a lot of toys and games at different places in their offices and encourages people to use them. Their motto is “Work hard. Play hard.” They know that people often get their best ideas when they are just “playing around ” and let their imaginations go wild.
So next time you have to solve a difficult maths problem or can’t think of a topic for an article, take a short play break. Do a little dance, or play a quick game. Then come back to it. Maybe you’ll be surprised at what your brain can do.
38. The example of the company Google is given to show that _______.
A. play is also fit for adults B. everyone there works hard
C. they have a lot of toys and games D. it is very famous in the world
39. The underlined expression “figure out” in Paragraph 3 probably means _______.
look after B. solve the problem of
C. draw a picture of D. play a joke on
40. According to the passage, you need to play if you _______.
A. want to make friends with others B. have to do some homework
C. fail to think of a topic for an article D. find a job in a big company
41. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. A maths lesson B. How children grow
C. The power of play D. Work hard, play hard
【答案】
38.A
39.B
40.C
41.C
39.B考查细节理解题。【问题】第三段划线短语“figure out”可能是什么意思？ A.look after 照顾；B. solve the problem of解决某问题；C. draw a picture of画一幅…画；play a joke on开某人的玩笑；根据对上文For several years, she has used games to teach maths. In one class, students play a game with small bags of candy to figure out how many pieces in the bags are red.( 几年来，她用游戏来教数。在一个班里，生们玩一个小袋子的糖果游戏，弄清楚袋子里有多少块是红色的。)理解，可以猜出figure out是解决的意思。故选B。
40.C考查细节理解题。【问题】根据这篇短文，如果_______，你需要玩。根据第五段（最后一段）第一句So next time you have to solve a difficult maths problem or can’t think of a topic for an article, take a short play break. （因此，下一次你必须解决一个困难的数问题或不能想出一篇文章的主题，请短暂休息一会。）可知选C。
41.C考查主旨题。【问题】下面哪一个可能是这篇短文最好的题目？A.一堂数课；B.儿童怎样成长；C.玩的力量；D.疯狂地工作，疯狂地玩；本文主要介绍娱乐和玩对人们的重要性，故选C。
考点：考查普类阅读。
3.【2017广西来宾】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
It is reported that some developed countries have shipped broken parts of computers to China. Last month Hong Kong officers found 131,000 kilograms of broken computers, TVs and phones sent from Japan.
Things like these are called electronic waste, or e-waste. Dealing with them is not an easy job. Every time an old computer breaks down, it needs to be dealt with safely. What is worse, at present, broken computer parts are usually buried. It may be hundreds of years before they are really gone in the earth.
Many places in China are polluted by e-waste. Guiyu in Guangdong Province is one of them. This town is named as “the e-waste capital of the world”. It has to deal with 1.5 million kilograms of e-waste each year, from which it makes 75 million yuan. But it comes at a cost. Many of the poisons in e-waste find their way into the environment. An environmental group has found the air, the earth and the rivers in Guiyu badly polluted.
Luckily, the Chinese government wants to change the situation. This year, China passed a new environmental protection law. Computer companies like Lenovo and Dell will be asked to take back their old computers. Hopefully, the problem with e-waste will be solved in the near future.
71. The e-waste found in Hong Kong last month was from _____.
A. France B. Japan C. Germany D. Australia
72. The underlined word “buried” probably means ____in the passage.
A. 焚烧 B. 降解 C. 回收 D. 掩埋
73.The town of Guiyu in Guangdong Province_____.
A. is the e-capital of the world B. has serious e-waste pollution
C. deals with the e-waste safely D. spends much money on e-waste
74.This year, the Chinese government _____.
A. closed some computer companies B. asked people to hand in old computers
C. made a new environmental protection law D. tried to change people’s life
75.The passage is mainly about _____.
A. the e-waste problem in China B. the cost of burning e-waste
C. the ways to deal with e-waste D. the need to pass a law against e-waste
【答案】
71.B
72.D
73.B
74.C
75.A
71.B细节理解题。根据 Last month Hong Kong officers found 131,000 kilograms of broken computers, TVs and phones sent from Japan.可知上个月香港官员发现很多来自日本的电子垃圾。故选B。
72.D词义猜测题。根据It may be hundreds of years before they are really gone in the earth.可知它们被埋在泥土里，故此处的意思是掩埋电子垃圾，故选D。
73.B细节理解题。根据Many places in China are polluted by e-waste. Guiyu in Guangdong Province is one of them.可知广东省桂玉被电子垃圾污染，故选B。
考点：环保类短文阅读。
4. 【2017年安徽省初中毕业业考试英语试题】阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
Do you sleep well? If your answer is no, the following might help you.
Set a certain bedtime and rising time
A certain bedtime and rising time can help you build up your body clocks. Set a bedtime which is good and natural for you. Don’t change your bedtime and rising time on weekends.
Avoid exciting activities just before sleeping
Exciting activities get your thoughts running. At the same time, if you make tomorrow’s plan or read an exciting story before turning off the light, it doesn’t give you enough time to relax before you try to sleep.
Keep the bedroom for sleeping only
It’s a bad habit for you to use your bedroom as a place to eat, watch TV, read, talk on the phone, or discuss important matters with your family members. Break that habit to get better sleep.
Don’t go to bed too early
Your body usually lets you sleep only the number of hours it needs. You should decide how many hours you must sleep in order not to experience daytime sleepiness.
Take a warm shower before your bedtime
A twenty-minute warm shower at a temperature of about 45 –50 not only is a great relax at day’s end, but also raises your body temperature by several degrees. The coming drop in temperature of your body will naturally make you feel sleepy.
80. If you want to build up your body clocks, you should ______.
A. set a certain bedtime and rising time B. go to bed neither too early nor too late
C. keep the bedroom for sleeping only D. take a warm shower before sleeping
81. Why should you avoid exciting activities just before sleeping?
A. Because they will get your thoughts running B. Because you have to make tomorrow’s paln
C. Because you should read an exciting story D. Because you will have to turn off the light.
82. Your bedroom should be kept for ______ only.
A. talking B. eating C. reading D. sleeping
83. According to the passage, ______ will make you feel sleepy.
A. taking a cold shower B. your body temperature dropping
C. your daily experience D. raising your body temperature
【答案】
80. A
81. A
82. D
83. B
【解析】
试题分析：这篇短文主要介绍了五种有助于睡眠质量的方法。如：按时睡觉按时起床，避免睡前的兴奋的活动等。
80. A细节理解题。根据第一条建议A certain bedtime and rising time can help you build up your body clocks.可知设定固定的睡眠和起床时间能帮助建立生物钟。故选A。
81. A细节理解题。根据第二条建议Exciting activities get your thoughts running可知兴奋的活动会使你的思维活跃，故选A。
82. D细节理解题。根据第三条建议可知卧室只能是睡觉的地方。故选D
83. B细节理解题。根据最后的建议The coming drop in temperature of your body will naturally make you feel sleepy.可知下降的体温自然会使你感到困倦，故选B。
【考点定位】健康保健类短文阅读。
[2016年题组]
1.【湖南衡阳】阅读下面的短文，并根据短文内容判断文后句子的正（T）误（F）。（共5小题，计10分）
Most teens need more than 9 hours of sleep each night. But about 1 in 4 teens has trouble in sleeping. Lack（缺少）of sleep can affect everything from our feelings to how well we focus on tasks like studying. It can also influence sports performance, increase our chances of getting sick, and may be related to weight gain in some people.
How can we get the sleep we need? Here are some ideas:
Be active during the day. Get at least 60 minutes of exercise a day. Physical activity can decrease（减少） stress and help people feel more relaxed. Just don't work too close to bedtime because exercise can wake you up before it slows you down.
Say goodnight to electronics. Experts suggest using the bedroom for sleep only. At least shut everything down an hour or more before lights out.
Keep a sleep routine（常规）. Going to bed at the same time every night helps the body expect sleep. Creating a set bedtime routine can improve this relaxation effect. Spending time with a pet, writing a diary or doing anything else can relax you.
Expect a good night's sleep. Instead of worrying that you won't sleep, remind（提醒）yourself that you can. Say "Tonight, I will sleep well" several times during the day. It can also help to practice breathing exercises or gentle exercises before bed.
Everyone has a sleepless night once in a while. But if you regularly have trouble in sleeping and you think it's affecting your mood or performance, talk to your doctor.
46.How many hours of sleep do most teens need each night?
47.Can physical activity increase stress or decrease stress?
48.If Tom often has trouble sleeping and it affects like performance, what should he do?
49.Does making the light on help to have a good sleep?
50.Write down at least one of your suggestions about getting the sleep we need.
【答案】
46.More than nine.
47.It can decrease stress.
48.He should talk to his doctor.
49.No, it doesn’t.
50.Listening to some light music before going to bed helps us to relax.
46.细节理解题。题意：大多数青少年每天晚上需要多少小时的睡眠？由短文第一句：Most teens need more than 9 hours of sleep each night.可知，大多数青少年每天晚上需要九小时以上的睡眠。故回答：More than nine.
47.细节理解题。题意：体育活动可以增加还是减少压力？由第三段第三句：Physical activity can decrease（减少） stress and help people feel more relaxed.可知，体育活动可以减少压力、帮助人们感到轻松。故回答：It can decrease stress.
48.细节理解题。题意：如果汤姆经常有睡眠问题，而且影响了其表现，他该怎么办？由短文最后一段里的：But if you regularly have trouble in sleeping and you think it's affecting your mood or performance, talk to your doctor.可知，如果不好的睡眠影响了一个人的情绪或表现。应该和医生谈谈。故回答：He should talk to his doctor.
49.推理判断题。题意：开着灯帮助拥有好的睡眠吗？由第四段的内容可知，要给睡觉提供一个好的环境，提前关掉电器，当然睡时要关灯。故作否定回答：No, it doesn’t.
50.问答题。题意：至少写下你有关获得好的睡眠的一条建议。本题是开放性试题，只要言之有理即可。故可以回答：Listening to some light music before going to bed helps us to relax.
考点：考查健康保健类短文阅读。
2.【江苏常州】阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Every living thing on Earth is either a plant or an animal, right? Wrong! Many organisms（有机体）in our world are neither. Some of them float through the air, and some lie hidden in the ground. They do not need sunlight to survive, and if the weather becomes too cold, they can become inactive until conditions improve.
What are these? They are called fungi(菌类), and you see them almost every day. Many kinds of fungi seem disgusting, such as the green black things that appear on the food which are left too long in the refrigerator. But other kinds are not so bad. For example, the yeast that is used to make bread and mushrooms (蘑菇) are both fungi.
What makes fungi different from plants and animals? An animal can move around by itself. Fungi get around too, but they don't have feet, wings, or tails. They have to wait for wind or some other outside force to move them. Plants are different from fungi because they have chlorophyll（叶绿素）. It helps them make food from the energy in sunlight. Fungi do not have chlorophyll.
Some fungi are bad, while others are not. Some fungi cause diseases, such as athlete’s foot, which makes feet uncomfortable. Other kinds of fungi can be used to make medicines, which have saved many lives.
Fungi clean up more than wounds, though. They are the world’s first recyclers. Without fungi, our world would be a mess. Since fungi cannot make their own food as plants do, they must get their food elsewhere. Many fungi get their food from dead plants. They break them down and turn them into soil. The fungi get a meal, and the world gets a housecleaning.
23.What does the underlined word “disgusting”most probably mean?
A. strong B. unpleasant C. active D. small
24.According to the passage, ______.
A. fungi can move everywhere by themselves
B. fungi are unable to survive in cold conditions
C. some fungi can make food from the energy in sunlight.
D. some fungi are useful to humans and the environment
25.Where can you most probably find this passage?
A. In a social report. B. In a biology book. C. In a geography magazine. D. In a farming book.
【答案】
23.B
24.D
25.B
24.D推理判断题。题意：根据短文内容，可以推测出什么？A. fungi can move everywhere by themselves细菌可以自己到处移动；B. fungi are unable to survive in cold conditions细菌不能在寒冷的条件下幸存下来；C. some fungi can make food from the energy in sunlight.一些细菌可以用太阳的能量做食物；D. some fungi are useful to humans and the environment一些细菌对人和环境有用。根据短文最后两段可知，一些细菌不坏，对人类有用。故选D。
25.B推理判断题。题意：你最有可能在哪儿找到本文？A. In a social report.在一个社会报道里；B. In a biology book.在生物书上；C. In a geography magazine在地理杂志上； D. In a farming book.在一本农事的书上。本文是有关细菌的生物知识，因此可能是在生物书上看到。故选B。
考点：考查普类短文阅读。
3.【浙江金华】阅读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Huw Thomas fell in love with Megan. But then an accident changed his life, and he had to move to Canada. Megan promised to write to him. But Huw never heard from her ... until one day a letter arrived.
He saw the letter came from where he and his father had lived in their early years. Who was writing to him? He turned the envelope (信封) over in his hands several times. Then he took out the letter and read:
Dear Huw,
I don’t know if this letter will reach you, and I don’t really know why I’m writing to you after all these years, but ...
Huw turned to the end of the letter and saw:
Best wishes
Megan
He couldn’t believe it. He turned back to the first words of the letter and read:
... after all these years, but I’ve just found your letters to me from Canada. Believe me, this was the first time I’d read them and they made me cry, even after 50 years. I found them in a box of my father’s papers. They were never opened.
Huw, I never knew that you’d written to me. I thought your new life in Canada had made you forget me. Now I realize that my father kept your letters. I can still remember asking him if there was any letter for me, and he always said “ ▲ , my girl. I told you he was no good.” Finally, after about a year, I believed him.
But why did he keep the letters? Do you think he wanted me to find them when it was too late? Anyway, he’s dead now, so I can’t ask him. All I can say is I’m sorry. Sorry for what my father did, sorry that you never heard from me and sorry for… everything.
I hope that at least this letter reaches you. Of course, I’ll understand if you don’t want to write back to me, but if you do, I am still Megan Jenkins, and I still live at the same address.
Best wishes,
Megan
Huw read the letter again. Everything with Megan came back to him. He had never forgotten her. He couldn’t. Every day he looked at her face on the wall. He had a drawing of her. It had traveled everywhere with him. But to hear from her again …
“Are you all right, Dad?” asked Mike, coming into the room.
(Adapted from Two Lives by Helen Naylor)
42. Why did Huw turn to the end of the letter before he finished the rest of it?
A. Because he was not interested in the beginning.
B. Because he didn’t like to read letters from Megan.
C. Because he wanted to finish reading it in a short time.
D. Because he wanted to know whom the letter was from.
43. Megan failed to read Huw’s letters because _______.
A. her father kept them B. they were lost on the way
C. she moved to another city D. he didn’t post them at all
44. Which of the following sentences can be put in the ▲ ?
A. Sorry, it’s my fault B. Look up here
C. No, he has forgotten you D. Yes, here are the ones from him
45. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Huw had never got married all these years.
B. Megan was still living with her father in Canada.
C. Megan was sure that Huw would receive her letter.
D. Megan still loved Huw and felt sorry for what had happened.
【答案】
42.D
43.A
44.C
45.D
【解析】
试题分析：本文主要讲述休．汤姆斯和梅甘的爱情故事。休．汤姆斯和梅甘相爱了，由于一场事故，休．汤姆斯和他的父亲搬到加拿大居住，梅甘答应会给休写信，可知他从没有收到她的来信。50年后，休收到他父亲原来工作的地方的来信，打开后发现是梅甘写的。梅甘告诉他，她的父亲保管者休的来信，并告诉她他不好，没有给她写信，梅甘对发生的一切感到难过，希望休能给她回信。
43.A考查细节理解题。【问题】梅甘没读休的信因为________。根据第五段最后倒数第二句I found them in a box of my father’s papers.及第六段第三句Now I realized that my father kept your letters.可知选A。
44.C考查语境理解题。【问题】下面的哪一个句子能放在_▲?根据对前句I can still remember asking if there was any letter for me(我仍然记得问是否有给我的任何来信。）以及后句my girl, I told you he was no good.（我的女儿，我告诉你了他不好。）可知她的父亲会说，没有，他已经忘记你了。故选C。
考点：考查故事类阅读。
4.【2016广西来宾】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
An old man was going home late one night with his horse and cart after a day’s hard work. with his horse and cart after a day’s hard work. When he was not far away from his house, the light on the cart went out. He tried but could not repair it. He was near his home, and so he went along the road without a light. When a policeman saw this, he stopped the old man.
“Where is your light?” asked the policeman. “No man may take a cart along the road at night without a light. You know that. You have broken the law.” “I had a light, but it has just gone out,” said the old man.
“I don’t believe that story. What’s your name and where do you live?” asked the policeman. “Please don’t write down my name,” said the old man. “My home is just there. You can see it from here. I had a light nearly the whole way.”
“You came all the way without a light. What’s your name?”
The old man quickly took the policeman’s hand and put it down on the top of the light. The light was still hot and burnt the policeman’s hand. The policeman jumped and he was very angry. “Now, what do you think?” said the old man. “Did I come all the way without a light?”
61. What does the underlined word “cart” mean in the passage?
A. It means house. B. It is something pulled by a horse.
C. It means light. D. It is something used for cooking food.
62. The old man drove home _____.
A. late one night B. with his donkey C. with a policeman D. early one morning
63. Where did the policeman stop the old man?
A. Under a street light. B. At the traffic lights.
C. Near the old man’s home. D. Far away from the old man’s home.
64. Why was the old man stopped by the policeman?
A. Because the light on his cart was not on.
B. Because he burnt the policeman’s hand.
C. Because he broke a street light.
D. Because he didn’t want to help the policeman.
65. What made the policeman believe the old man’s words?
A. He made the policeman angry. B. He jumped and shouted angrily.
C. The light burnt the policeman’s hand. D. He made the policeman touch the cart.
【答案】
61.B
62.A
63.C
64.A
65.C
【解析】
试题分析：本文讲述了一个老人晚上驾马车回家的故事。在路上他车上的灯灭了，他没有修好它。一个警察拦住了他，因为老人的车灯没有亮。老人为了让警察相信自己的车灯刚亮着，拿起警察的手放在车灯上，烫伤了警察的手。
61.B 词义猜测题。根据An old man was going home late one night with his horse and cart after a day’s hard work. 可知回家的交通工具，和马在一起的，应是马拉的车，故选B。
62.A 细节理解题。根据An old man was going home late one night with his horse and cart after a day’s hard work. 可知这个老人驾车回家晚，故选A。
63.C细节理解题。根据He was near his home, and so he went along the road without a light. When a policeman saw this, he stopped the old man.可知当这位老人在他家附近时，一位警察拦住了他。故选C。
考点：故事类短文阅读。
?考点归纳
解题思路
(一)先读问题，弄清考查要点，以便能带着问题看文章，这样会心中有数，有的放矢。
(二)快速浏览全文，掌握全貌，注意发现与问题有关的信息，如果时间紧，至少要扫视一下起首段和尾段。再把标题和文章内容结合起来想一想，这样全文大意便清楚了。此时，不要忙于答题。
(三)细读原文，捕捉相关信息词，掌握短文细节内容。这是解题的关键，应特别注意以下几点：
1. 抓住四个"W"和一个"H"，就是边读边用铅笔做些标记，把What (事件)，When(时间)，Where(地点)，Why(原因)，How(经过)划出来。抓住了四个“W”和一个“H”，就抓住了文章的全貌，一些直接性的问题便可解决。
2.抓住连接词及起关键作用的副词、代词、介词、插入语等。因为这些词具有因果，让步，递进，转折，指代，列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能。这对考生分清文章层次，辨明各种关系，了解人物心理，推断作者意图，进行逻辑推理等手段来分析难点，都具有举足轻重的作用。
3. 注意领会文章的寓意。
4.根据题意，初选答案。这一步须仔细审题，领会测试要求，确定解题方法。对那些明显的，有把握的题可以断然确定，不必把其余三个答案再作推敲而浪费时间：有些略难的题，应再查阅短文(不是重读一遍)，迅速找出依据，予以排除。常用的解题方法有如下几种：
① 直接解题法。即从原文中直接找出答案。
② 归纳解题法。对于不能从原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和线索的前题下进行概括、归纳得出正确答案。
③ 综合推理法。读者需统观全文，认真分析，综合推理及至计算，最后归纳出正确答案。
题干中有"suggest, conclude, conclusion, probably, reason, because, according to“等字眼时，属于推断概括型，考查内容着眼于全篇，考生应具备一定的分析归纳，推理等逻辑思维能力。
④ 捕捉关键词。在阅读时应该注意与问题相关的同义词，近义词，反义词或同位词等信息词来得出正确答案。
⑤ 转换解题法。即原文这么说，而在问题和所给选项中则用另外的词去转换一种说法，但仍表示同一含义。
⑥ 排除法。根据语言，句法结构，信息词和常识，在没有把握的选项中用排除法得出正确答案。
四、重读原文，仔细斟酌核对答案。在解完最后一道题后，如果时间允许，再将原文读一遍;用全文的主题思想统率各思考题，研究其内在联系和逻辑关系，目的在于对所做答案进一步审查，推出未解答的题，以便减少失误。
二、题型分类
初中英语阅读理解往往有以下三大题型，抓住它的解法和思路，就可以顺利做好这些题目：
(一)选择符合文章的选项
(二)判断正误
(三)根据文章内容回答问题，现今该题型归纳在任务型阅读中，此处不做详解。
?解题技能
中考英语阅读理解答题技巧及步骤。
1、跳读（略读、有选择地读）：读标题、插图、主题句、题干等，把握文章的体裁、题材、话题等。
2、扫读（快速地、完全地阅读）：对文章信息精确定位，锁定重要信息，如把握大意、段意，弄清人物、时间、地点、数字等之间的关系。
3、选读：（对准题目、有选择性地细读）确定中心思想及标题；了解用以阐述中心思想的事实及细节；对作者的暗示或隐含思想进行判断、推理、引申；根据上下文推测词义。
★加快阅读速度技巧：扩大视距。要以意群为单位，注重对整句话的理解，扩大注视空间。带问题阅读：先浏览短文后面的题目，做到心中有数，带着目的去阅读，以提高阅读实效。返回搜狐，查看更多
从如何进一步提高阅读理解能力方面提出复习迎考策略。
一、养成良好阅读心态
阅读时过于紧张、思想开小差等消极因素会妨碍大脑的正常思维，而保持心绪安定，精神专一等良好的阅读习惯则能大大提高大脑的思维。良好的阅读习惯来自于良好的阅读心态。因此，从现在开始，注意在平时的阅读理解训练中保持一种好的阅读心态，精力应集中，心态要平和，在碰到生词难句时不能心烦意乱，要保持一种良好的心绪，这样才能对所读的文章印象清晰，思想深刻，才能更好地把握住文章的脉络。
二、注重提高阅读的速度
中考英语阅读理解共由4篇文章组成，从某种程度上说，阅读理解考的也是阅读速度，要会快速浏览，能快速找出文章的关键词句和主旨。因此要注重培养自己快速阅读的习惯，扩大眼睛阅读的广度，把逐词逐句的点式阅读变成一种较快速度的线式阅读;在碰到生词或难懂的句子时不能浪费时间，可以先行越过，个别难懂的词句可以根据上下文和构词法去猜测、推断。
三、注意阅读技巧训练
可以通过反复精做一篇阅读，直到全对，不断总结、调整和强化获取表层信息及内在信息或猜测、推理、判断、概括的能力;还要善于找关键句，在很多文章里第一段和每段的第一句往往是关键句，可以帮助同们理解整个文章的主题或某一段的概括。在阅读中，要注意抓住中心思想(Main idea)，以及文中出现的who、where、when、what及why等关键词。
四、要坚持每天阅读
每天读两至三篇题材各样的小短文。要多练习富有代表性、典型性的体裁和题材的阅读文章，如记叙文、议论文、说明文、应用文，幽默故事、新闻广告、文体娱乐、普常识、文化习俗，多关注社会热点、新闻时事和身边的话题。将坚持阅读的习惯保持到考前的最后一天。
五、可采取限时阅读的方法
采用限时阅读，即在一定时间内读完文章及做完相关的习题。同们对于不同的阅读材料，要采用不同的阅读方法以及阅读的速度。着重培养对阅读材料进行分析、推理和判断的能力以及对阅读内容给予评价的能力。
笔者根据多年指导毕业班的经验，从如何进一步提高阅读理解能力方面提出复习迎考策略。
阅读理解具体考查的内容：
1、理解具体信息
2、推测生词词义
3、理解概念性含义
4、判断、推理和引申
5、理解主旨要义
6、理解结构，句段关系
7、理解作者意图
考试类型：
(一).细节理解
(二).推理判断
(三).词义猜测
(四).主旨归纳
解题步骤
一、快速阅读，读懂大意
二、明确要求，逐一解答
三、重读问题，理解问题
四、带着问题，重读文章
?1年模拟
1.【2016贵州黔西南】阅读下面短文，根据内容选择最佳答案。
Taking away a city’s rubbish is a big job. Every day tracks come into a city to collect it. Most rubbish is made up of things we can’t eat or use. If we kept these things we would soon have a mountain of rubbish.
In some cities the rubbish is collected and taken outside of city to a dump. Often the city dump is placed where the ground is low or there is a big hole. The kitchen rubbish is broken into small pieces and sent into the sewage system. The sewage system takes away the used water from toilets, bathtubs and other places.
To keep mice and flies away, some earth is used to cover the newly dumped rubbish. Later, grass may be planted on the rubbish-filled land. Finally, a house or a school may be built there, and then you’d never know that this had once been an old rubbish dump.
In other cities the rubbish is burnt in special places. The fire burns everything but the metal. Sometimes the metal can be used again in factories where things are made of metal. The food parts of rubbish are put in special piles where they slowly change into something called humus, which looks like black earth. It is rich with the kinds of things that feed plants and help make them grow.
51.What’s the main idea of the article?
A.To let us know taking away rubbish is a big job. B.To explain the need for rubbish collection.
C.To introduce different ways to treat rubbish. D.To tell us to take useful things out of rubbish.
52.We can usually read the article in.
A.a science book B.a story book
C.a history book D.a tour guide
53.What’s the meaning of the word “sewage”in the article?
A.吸尘 B.洗涤 C.安全 D.排污
54.The food parts of rubbish can be used again.
A.to feed people B.to feed plants
C.to build a house D.for us to eat
55.How should we do with a used metal box in the passage?
A.By throwing it away. B.By putting it in earth.
C.By burning it off. D.By reusing and recycling it.
【答案】
51.C
52.A
53.D
54.B
55.D
51.C主旨大意题。题意：本文的中心是什么？A.To let us know taking away rubbish is a big job.告诉我们搬走垃圾是一项大的工程；B.To explain the need for rubbish collection.解释收集垃圾的必须；C.To introduce different ways to treat rubbish.介绍不同的处理垃圾的方式；D.To tell us to take useful things out of rubbish.告诉我们从垃圾中拿出有用的东西。本文主要讲述的是一些不同城市处理垃圾的不同方式。故选C。
52.A推理判断题。题意：我们通常在哪儿可以读到本文？A.a science book书籍； B.a story book故事书；C.a history book历史书；D.a tour guide旅游书。本文是有关保护环境的普知识，在普书籍里常见。故选A。
53.D词义猜测题。题意，文中的“sewage”是什么意思？A.吸尘；B.洗涤；C.安全；D.排污。句意：The kitchen rubbish is broken into small pieces and sent into the sewage system.厨房的垃圾被碎成片并且送到sewage系统里。可以推测出垃圾粉碎后，被送入排污系统。故选D。
54.B细节理解题。题意：食物部分的垃圾可以再次用来做什么？A.to feed people供人吃；B.to feed plants供养植物；C.to build a house建房屋；D.for us to eat供我们吃。由最后一段里的：The food parts of rubbish are put in special piles where they slowly change into something called humus, which looks like black earth. It is rich with the kinds of things that feed plants and help make them grow.可知，食物垃圾可以作为植物丰富的营养。故选B。
考点：考查环保类短文阅读。
2.【2016黑龙江哈尔滨】阅读理解
Have you ever seen the movie. Big Hero 6 ? Baymax(大白) is a main character in the movie. He's a friendly big robot that looks After people's health. If there is a robot like Baymax in our real life， people will get more benefits. The robot will be especially helpful in caring for the old. The health of old people needs greater monitoring and care;.
Scientists in America are now working to make Baymax a really(实现)- Actually. they have already produced some health care robots. These robots provide brain video games to improve people's memory. The garner can help the old remember things for longer. Besides， these provide special app (应用程序） to help the old manage their health at home. The apps can check the old people’ heart rate (心率) and tell them to take their medicine on lime. The apps can also record their daily activities. Such collected information helps doctors discover the cause of an illness faster and more correctly. But the health care robots are’ t as clever as Baymax yet.
Nowadays，scientists are working on improving the health care robots. They Hope the robots can produce electricity by walking across the floor. If they succeed. batteries will not be needed. They also hope the robots communicate with humans in the daily life so to make people happier and healthier.
Scientists are trying to realize these dreams. Like Baymax， these health care robots may save people's lives in the future. We are looking forward to them.
选择最佳答案。
46. The underlined word ''monitoring** in the passage means “ _____ ” in Chinese.
A .监测 B娱乐 C .危害
47. According to the passage， Baymax is
A. a friendly small robot that looks after people's health
B. as clever as the health care robots in real life
C. a main character in the movie Big Hero 6
48. In the passage， the health care robots that have been produced by scientists ________ .
A. can't improve people's memory
B. can communicate with humane in the daily life
C. can help the old manage their health at home
49. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Nowadays the health care robots ran product electricity by walking across the floor.
B. Both the doctors and the old who use the health care robots can get help from them.
C. The health earn robots can provide video games to check a person's heart rate.
50. What is the passage mainly about?
A. It's mainly about the movie Big Hero 6.
B. It's mainly about the health care robots
C. It's mainly about the importance of health.
【答案】
46.A
47.C
48.C
49.B
50.B
47.C细节理解题。根据Have you ever seen the movie. Big Hero 6 ? Baymax(大白) is a main character in the movie.故选C。
48.C细节理解题。根据Besides， these provide special app (应用程序） to help the old manage their health at home.故选C。
49.B细节理解题。根据They also hope the robots communicate with humans in the daily life so to make people happier and healthier.
50.B归纳理解题。根据短文主要围绕对于照顾人们的健康有帮助机器人描写的，故选B。
考点：普类短文阅读。
3.【2016湖北随州】阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳选项。
An eight-year-old child heard her parents talking about her little brother. All she knew was that he was very sick and they had no money. Only a very expensive operation could save him now and there was no one to lend them the money.
When she heard her daddy say to her tearful mother, “Only a miracle(奇迹) can save him now.” the little girl went to her bedroom and pulled her money from its hiding place and counted it carefully.
She hurried to a drugstore with the money in her hand.
“And what do you want?” asked the salesman. “It’s for my little brother,” the girl answered. “He’s really, really sick and I want to buy a miracle.” “Pardon?” said the salesman.
“My brother Andrew has something bad growing inside his head and my daddy says only a miracle can save him. So how much does a miracle cost?” “We don’t sell a miracle here, child. I’m sorry.” the salesman said with a smile.
“Listen, if it isn’t enough, I can try and get some more. Just tell me how much it costs.”
A well-dressed man heard this and asked, “What kind of miracle does your brother need?”
“I don’t know,” she answered with her eyes full of tears. “He’s really sick and mum says he needs an operation. But my daddy can’t pay for it, so I have brought all my money.”
“How much do you have?” asked the man. “$1.11, but I can try and get some more.” she answered.
“Well, what luck ,”smiled the man. “$1.11, the price of a miracle for your little brother.”
He took up the girl’s hand and said , “Take me to where you live. I want to see your brother and meet your parents. Let’s see if I have the kind of miracle you need.”
That well-dressed man was Dr. Carlton Armstrong, a famous doctor. The operation was successful and it wasn’t long before Andrew was home again.
How much did the miracle cost?
62．What was the trouble in the little girl’s family?
A．Her brother was seriously ill. B．They had no money.
C．Nothing could save her brother. D．Both A and B.
63．In the eyes of the little girl, a miracle might be______．
A．something interesting. B．something beautiful.
C．some wonderful medicine. D．some good food.
64．What made the miracle happen?
A．The girl’s love for her brother. B．The medicine from the drugstore．
C．The girl’s money. D．Nobody can tell．
65．From the passage we can infer(推断)that______．
A．the doctor didn’t ask for any pay
B．a miracle is sure to happen if you keep on
C．the little girl is lovely but not so clever
D．Andrew was in fact not so sick as they had thought
【答案】
62.D
63.C
64.A
65.A
【解析】
试题分析：本文讲述了一个小女孩救她哥哥的故事。当小女孩听父母说只有奇迹才能救她的哥哥时，她就去药店，用自己的零花钱买奇迹。在那里他遇见了一位医生，这位医生被小女孩的行为感动了，免费为她的哥哥成功地做了手术，不久她的哥哥就回家了。
62.D细节理解题。根据An eight-year-old child heard her parents talking about her little brother. All she knew was that he was very sick and they had no money. 可知这个小女孩的哥哥生病了，但是家里没有钱，故选D。
63.C推理判断题。根据She hurried to a drugstore with the money in her hand.和“My brother Andrew has something bad growing inside his head and my daddy says only a miracle can save him. So how much does a miracle cost?”可知小女孩去药店买奇迹，故推断她认为奇迹是一种药，故选C。
考点：故事类短文阅读。
4.【2016湖南衡阳】
It was a cold snowy morning after the winter vacation. And it was my first day at my new school. I was walking alone slowly and worrying about lots of things. It was early and there weren't many people on the road. Suddenly a girl who was riding her bike on ice fell down. She was trying hard to get up but fell again. Without thinking, I went over and helped her. She said “thank you” with a smile and then rode away. Her words warmed me a lot.
Finally, I got to school. The teacher led me to the classroom and introduced me to the class. Then he asked me to sit down beside a girl. I felt so nervous that I didn’t dare to look at her. Soon the first class, English, started. Their textbook was different from those in my old school. As I was wondering what to do, an English book appeared in front of me. “Let’s share,” the girl beside me said. “Hi, I’m Carrie.” I looked up. It was the girl I helped that morning. Later on, we became good friends.
From that I learned: to help others is actually to help ourselves!
41.It was early and there were many people on the road.
42.After getting up, the girl rode away without saying a word.
43.The writer felt very excited when the teacher asked the writer to sit down beside a girl.
44.The girl asked the writer to share the English textbook with her.
45.From the story, we learned that helping others is actually helping ourselves.
【答案】
41.F
42.F
43.F
44.T
45.T
41.F 细节理解题。句意：It was early and there were many people on the road.很早，路上有许多人。由第一段里的：It was early and there weren't many people on the road.可知，由于早，路上人不多。故本句错误。
42.F 细节理解题。句意：After getting up, the girl rode away without saying a word.站起来后，女孩什么也没有说，骑车走了。由第一段最后一句：She said “thank you” with a smile and then rode away.可知，女孩爬起来后说了“谢谢”然后骑车离开的。故本句错误。
43.F 细节理解题。句意：The writer felt very excited when the teacher asked the writer to sit down beside a girl.当老师叫作者坐在一个女孩旁时，感到很激动。由第二段里的：Then he asked me to sit down beside a girl. I felt so nervous that I didn’t dare to look at her. 可知当老师叫他坐在一位女孩旁时，他紧张得不敢看她。故本句错误。
44.T细节理解题。句意：The girl asked the writer to share the English textbook with her.女孩叫作者和她一起用英语课本。由第二段里的：As I was wondering what to do, an English book appeared in front of me. “Let’s share,” the girl beside me said.可知，正当作者不知道怎么办时，女孩主动和他一起看英语书。故本句正确。
45.T 细节理解题。句意：From the story, we learned that helping others is actually helping ourselves.从这个故事里，我们到：帮助别人事实上就是在帮助我们自己。由短文最后一句：From that I learned: to help others is actually to help ourselves!可知，故事给我们的教训就是：帮助别人就是在帮助自己。故本句正确。
考点：考查故事类短文阅读。
