2018版高中英语人教版必修二学案打包20份

Learning about Language
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．match vt.相配；与……相匹配
2．local adj.本地的；当地的
3．apart adv.分离地；分别地
4．painting n．绘画；画
5．castle n．城堡
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．no more than只是；仅仅
2．take away带走
3．more than多于
4．belong to属于
5．take apart拆开
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．He recognized that it was a rare cultural relic，but at a price that he could afford，so he bought it at once.
他认出这是一件很稀罕的文物，但是其价格是他买得起的，于是赶紧买了。
2．The old man saw some Germans taking apart the Amber Room and removing it.
老人看见几个德国人正在把琥珀屋拆开，然后搬走。
The old man saw some Germans taking apart the Amber Room and removing it.(教材P4)
那位老人看到一些德国人把琥珀屋拆开并运走了。
句中saw some Germans taking apart...为see sb doing sth“看见某人正在做某事”，强调动作的进行。
①I saw him talking to our teacher.
我看见他在跟我们的老师说话。
归纳拓展
see sb do sth“看见某人做某事”(强调动作的全过程)
see sb/sth done看见某人/某物被做
②I saw him go(go)out.
我看见他出去了。
③I saw Tom punished(punish)by his father yesterday.昨天我看见汤姆被他的父亲惩罚了。
take apart拆开
④He took a radio apart yesterday but didn't know how to put it together again.
昨天他把一台收音机拆开了，但不知道怎么把它再装起来。
归纳拓展
tell...apart把……区别开来
apart from
⑤The two things are very hard to tell apart.
这两样东西很难区别。
⑥Apart from being too large，the trousers don't suit me.这条裤子不但太大，而且我穿着也不合适。
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
1．This gift was the Amber Room，which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it.
2．The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey.
3．The next King of Prussia，Frederick William I，to whom the amber room belonged，decided not to keep it.
4．Later，Catherine Ⅱ had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers.
5．In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted.
6．This was a time when the two countries were at war.
7．There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for K?nigsberg，which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea.
一、限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，用于修饰和限定先行词。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，两者之间不用逗号分开；关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有who，whom，whose，that，which，as；关系副词有where，when，why。
This is the computer (that/which) he bought for his son yesterday.
这是他昨天为儿子买的电脑。
The woman who/that survived the accident is Amy's English teacher.
在事故中幸存的那个女人是埃米的英语老师。
二、非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切，只是对先行词或主句作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系词与引导限制性定语从句的关系词略有不同。除that和why不能引导非限制性定语从句外，其他都可以。
He is English，which I know from his accent.
他是英国人，那是我通过他的口音知道的。
I heard a terrible noise，which brought my heart into my mouth.
我听到了一个可怕的声音，这使我非常害怕。
三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
项目
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
形式
与先行词之间不用逗号隔开
与先行词之间一般用逗号隔开
功能
与先行词的关系十分密切，限制了先行词的意义。如果去掉该从句，剩余部分的意思往往不完整，甚至失去意义
是先行词的附加说明，如去掉，句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整
先行词
先行词一般为单个的名词或代词
先行词既可为单个的名词或代词，也可为整个句子或其中一部分
引导词
可用所有的关系代词/副词引导，且关系词作宾语时可省略
在所有的关系词中不能用that或why引导非限制性定语从句，且其他引导词不能省略
People who take physical exercise live longer.
进行体育锻炼的人更长寿。(若把从句去掉，句子意义不完整)
His daughter，who is in Boston now，is coming home next week.他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。(若把从句去掉句子意义仍然完整)
Peter drove too fast，which was dangerous.
彼得开车太快了，这是很危险的。(which指代drive too fast)
He changed his mind，which made me very angry.
他改变了主意，这使我很生气。(which指整个主句)
Using Language
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．trial n．审判；审讯；试验
2．evidence n．根据；证据
3．explode vi.爆炸
explosion n．爆炸
4．entrance n．入口
5．sailor n．水手；海员；船员
6．sink vi.下沉；沉下
7．maid n．少女；女仆
8．informal adj.非正式的
formal adj.正式的
9．debate n．争论；辩论；vi.争论；辩论
10．prove vt.证明；证实
vi.结果是；证明是
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．be buried in埋在……
2．care about关心；在乎
3．rather than而不是
4．the entrance to...……的入口
5．think highly of看重；器重
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．In a trial，a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe.
在审判中，法官必须断定哪些证人可以相信，哪些证人不能相信。
2．He/She only cares about whether the eyewitness has given true information，which must be facts rather than opinions.
他/她关心的只是目击者是否提供了真实的信息，这些信息必须是事实而非个人观点或看法。
3．Nor do I think they should give it to any government.
我也认为他们不应该把它交给任何政府。
阅读清障
※此句中包含that引导的定语从句。先行词为不定代词something，anything等时，关系代词只能用that，不能用which。
①any other其他任何的
※在句式“it can be proved that...”中，it为形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的从句。
※what引导表语从句，并在表语从句中作主语。
②evidence/'evId?ns/n.根据；证据
good evidence充分的证据。此处good意为“合情理的，有说服力的，有充分根据的”。
③in a trial在审判中
trial/'traI?l/n.审判，审讯；试验
④agree with赞成，同意
⑤eyewitness/?aI'wItnIs/n.目击者；证人
※or连接了由what和where引导的两个从句，作动词consider的并列宾语，其语序均为陈述语序。
⑥care about关注，在意；关心
⑦rather than而不是
※此句为主从复合句。whether引导宾语从句，作主句的谓语cares about的宾语；在whether引导的宾语从句中又含有一个which引导的非限制性定语从句，对先行词information起补充说明的作用，which在定语从句中作主语。
原文呈现
A FACT OR AN OPINION?
What is a fact？Is it something that people believe？No.A fact is anything that can be proved.For example，it can be proved that China has more people than any other① country in the world.This is a fact.
Then what is an opinion？An opinion is what someone believes is true but has not been proved.So an opinion is not good evidence② in a trial③.For example，it is an opinion if you say“Cats are better pets than dogs”．It may be true，but it is difficult to prove.Some people may not agree with④ this opinion but they also cannot prove that they are right.
In a trial，a judge must decide which eyewitnesses⑤ to believe and which not to believe.The judge does not consider what each eyewitness looks like or where that person lives or works.He/She only cares about⑥ whether the eyewitness has given true information，which must be facts rather than⑦ opinions.This kind of information is called evidence.
课文译文
事实还是看法？
什么是事实？是人们相信的某一件事吗？不。事实是能够被证实的任何事情。比如，人们能够证实中国的人口比世界上任何其他的国家的人口都多，这就是事实。
那么，什么是看法？看法就是某人认为是真实的但未经证实的东西。因此，在审判中看法并不是有说服力的证据。比如，如果你说“猫是比狗更好的宠物”，这就是一种看法。这种看法可能是对的，但是它难以被证实。一些人可能不同意这种看法，但是他们也不能证明他们是正确的。
在审判中，法官必须断定哪些目击者(的话)可以相信，哪些目击者(的话)不可以相信。法官并不考虑目击者的长相如何，也不考虑那个人住在哪里或在哪里工作。他/她只关心目击者是否提供了真实的信息，这些信息必须是事实，而不是看法。这种信息叫作证据。
Ⅰ.Choose the best answer according to the text.
1．What does the first passage tell us?
A．What is a fact.
B．What is an opinion.
C．A judge believes in true information more than an opinion.
D．What is a fact，what is an opinion and what a judge expects in a trial.
答案　D
2．Which of the following about an opinion is TRUE?
A．An opinion is an evidence in a trial.
B．An opinion is something that someone can believe.
C．An opinion is what someone believes is true but has not been proved.
D．An opinion is something that may be true and always easy to prove.
答案　C
3．In a trail， .
A．what each eyewitness looks like is necessary
B．where the eyewitness lives or works is important
C．if it is true，the judge doesn't care about whether it is an opinion or a fact
D．evidence that is true information must be facts
答案　D
Ⅱ.True (T) or False (F)．
1．In a trial，a judge should consider facts carefully.(T)
2．A fact is anything that has been proved.(F)
3．“Reading English every day is good” is an opinion.(T)
4．An evidence is what anyone believes is true.(F)
5．Opinions are not always true because they haven't been proved.(T)
1．He/She only cares about whether the eyewitness has given true information，which must be facts rather than opinions.(教材P5)
他/她关心的只是目击者是否提供了真实的信息，这些信息必须是事实，而不是看法。
rather than而不是……，而非……；与其……倒不如……
归纳拓展
(1)rather than连接句子中两个并列的成分
(2)rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与rather than前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致
①We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall.
我们是在教室里开会，不是在大厅里。
②The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap.
与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。
③He rather than you，is(be) to have a talk with the stranger.
是他而不是你要和那个陌生人谈一谈。
归纳拓展
would do...rather than do...
＝would rather do...than do...
＝prefer to do...rather than do...宁愿做……而不愿做……
④He would stay at home watching TV rather than go to the concert.
他宁愿在家里看电视也不愿去听音乐会。
2．This kind of information is called evidence.(教材P5)这种信息就叫作证据。
evidence n．根据；证据
归纳拓展
(1)There is (some) evidence that...有证据证明……
in evidence显眼，显而易见
(2)evident adj.明显的，明白的
It's evident that...很明显……
①There's some evidence that outdoor activities are good for us.
有证据证明，户外活动对我们有好处。
②The first signs of cold winter are in evidence.
寒冬的最初迹象已显然可见。
③It is evident that smoking is harmful to health.
很明显，抽烟对健康有害。
[名师点津]　在“There is(some)evidence that...”句型中，that引导的是同位语从句，说明evidence的具体内容，而且There不可以改为It。
3．I think highly of those who are searching for the Amber Room.(教材P7)
我很欣赏那些为寻找琥珀屋而努力的人们。
think highly of器重；看重
归纳拓展
think well/much of对……评价很高；看重；欣赏
think poorly/ill/badly of认为……不好
think nothing/little of认为……不足为奇；轻视
①Judging from his expression，he doesn't think well/much of your plan.
从他的表情判断，他对你的计划评价不高。
②I am sorry that you should think so badly/ill of me.
真遗憾，你竟然把我想得这样坏。
③He thinks nothing of walking four miles to work and back every day.
每天上下班步行四英里他觉得没什么。
[名师点津]　当think highly/well of用于被动结构时，修饰think的副词应放在thought之前，即be highly/well thought of。
④Pop music is highly thought of by most young people.大多数年轻人对流行音乐很是赞赏。
4．Tips for an informal class debate(教材P7)
非正式的课堂讨论的建议
debate n．& vi.争论；辩论
①Politicians will be debating the bill later this week.
政界将在本周晚些时候讨论这个议案。
归纳拓展
(1)a heated/lively debate一场激烈的/热烈的争论
have/hold a debate about/over/on 举行关于……的讨论
under debate在讨论中；在辩论中
beyond/without debate无可争议
(2)debate with sb about/on sth与某人关于某事争论
②Even though the law is under debate now，it will be passed soon.
尽管这部法律仍在讨论中，但是它将很快被通过。
③The students had a heated debate on/about/over the subject.
学生们就这一话题进行了一场激烈的辩论。
④They debated with each other on/about the environmental protection.
他们就环境保护展开了辩论。
Unit 1　Cultural relics
?转化
design n．设计；图案；构思→vt.设计；计划；构思
debate n．争论；辩论→vi.争论；辩论
?派生
名词后缀：-al，-or，-ist
survive vi.幸免；幸存；生还→survival n．生存；幸存；存活；残存物→survivor n．生还者；幸存者
art n．艺术→artist n．艺术家
形容词后缀：-al，-able
culture n．文化；文明→cultural adj.文化的
value n．价值→valuable adj.贵重的；有价值的
天坛是世界文化遗产，全国重点文物保护单位，国家5A级旅游景区。位于北京市南部，东城区永定门内大街东侧。
The Temple of Heaven is located in southern Beijing.It is included in the UNESCO(联合国教科文组织)world heritage(遗产)list in 1998.With an area of 2.7 million square meters，it is the largest of its kind in the country.
Built in 1420，the 18th year of the rule of Ming Emperor Yongle，the temple's main building is the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests(祈年殿)．The round hall,38 meters high and 30 meters in diameter，has triple eaves and a cone-shaped deep blue tile(瓦)roof crowned with a gilded knob.Surrounding the hall is a six-meter-high spacious round stone terrace(平台)on three levels，each edged by a balustrade of carved white marble.
The Circular Mound Altar is one of the most important buildings and is a three-tier white stone terrace together with two walls.Geometrically designed，the altar has a taiji rock at the center of the top terrace.If you stand on the rock and speak in a normal voice，your voice will sound louder and deeper to yourself than to others around you，because the sound waves are reflected by the round wall and come back to the center.
Every year，the Temple of Heaven receives millions of visitors from all over the world.
词海拾贝
1．include vt.包括，包含　2.surround vt.围绕
3．reflect vt.反射；映射 4.millions of 数以百万计的
Warming Up & Reading
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．rare adj.稀罕的；稀有的；珍贵的
2．valuable adj.贵重的；有价值的
value n．& vt.重视
3．survive vi.幸免；幸存；生还
survivor n．幸存者；生还者；残存物
4．amaze vt.使吃惊；惊讶
amazing adj.令人吃惊的
amazed adj.吃惊的
5．select vt.挑选；选择
selection n．挑选；选择
6．design n．设计；图案；构思；vt.设计；计划；构思
7．fancy adj.奇特的；异样的；vt.想象；设想；爱好
8．decorate v．装饰；装修
9．belong vi.属于；成为……的一员
10．reception n．接待；招待会；接收
receive v．收到；接收
11．remove vt.移动；搬开
12．wooden adj.木制的
wood n．木头
13．doubt n．怀疑；疑惑；vt.怀疑；不信
14．former adj.以前的；从前的
15．worth prep.值得的；相当于……的价值；n.价值；作用；adj.[古]值钱的
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．in search of寻找
2．belong to属于
3．in return作为报答；回报
4．at war处于交战状态
5．less than少于
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．Later，CatherineⅡ had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers.
后来，叶卡捷琳娜二世派人把琥珀屋搬到圣彼得堡郊外她避暑的宫殿中。
2．This was a time when the two countries were at war.
这是在两国交战时期。
3．There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for K?nigsberg，which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea.
毫无疑问，这些箱子后来被装上火车运往哥尼斯堡，当时德国在波罗的海边的一个城市。
4．After that，what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery.
从那以后，琥珀屋的去处便成了一个谜。
阅读清障
①Frederick William I/'fredrIk'wIlj?me?'
fз?st/腓特烈·威廉一世(普鲁士国王)
②Prussia/'pr???/n.(史)普鲁士
③amazing/?'meIzI?/adj.令人吃惊的
amaze/?'meIz/vt.使吃惊；惊讶
※could never have done绝不可能做过(用于对过去情况的推测；that引导的宾语从句，作imagine的宾语。
※which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰the Amber Room；because引导原因状语从句。
④select/sI'lekt/挑选；选择
⑤honey/'h?nI/n.蜜；蜂蜜
⑥design/dI'zaIn/n.设计；图案 vt.设计
⑦fancy/'f?nsI/adj.奇特的 vt.想象；设想
⑧style/staIl/n.风格；风度；类型
in the fancy style 风格奇特
⑨decorate/'dek?reIt/v.装饰；装修
decorate...with...用……装饰/装修……
jewel/'d?u??l/n.珠宝；宝石
jewellery n．[U]珠宝(总称)，首饰
?artist/'ɑ?tIst/n.艺术家
※which引导非限制性定语从句；过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰a treasure。
?be designed for 为……而设计
?belong/bI'l??/vi.属于；为……的一员
belong to属于，无进行时态和被动语态。
※to whom引导非限制性定语从句
?in return 作为报答；回报
?Czar/zɑ?/n.沙皇
?troop/tru?p/n.群；组；军队
a troop of 一群；一组
?St Petersburg/s?nt 'pi?t?zbз?ɡ/n.圣彼得堡
?serve as 作为……
?reception/rI'sep?n/n.接待；招待会；接收
reception hall 接待厅
?Catherine Ⅱ/'k?θ?rIne? 'sek?nd/叶卡捷琳娜二世
※have sth done找/让某人做某事，还可表示“(主语)遭受不幸的事”。
※where引导定语从句，修饰先行词a palace。
※she wanted为省略了关系词的定语从句。
lit 照亮(此处是light的过去式)
wonder n．[C]奇迹；奇观；奇事
※although在此引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”。
missing adj.丢失的，找不到的
at war处于交战状态，可作表语。
※This is/was a time when...这是一段……的时间，when在此为关系副词，引导定语从句，修饰先行词a time。
※before在此引导时间状语从句，表示“在……之前”。
remove/rI'mu?v/vt.移动；搬开
furniture n．[U]家具(总称)，表示数量时可用a piece of，much，a lot of等修饰。
less than 少于，反义短语more than多于。
wooden/'w?dn/adj.木制的
doubt/da?t/n.怀疑；疑惑；vt.怀疑；不信
K?nigsberg/'kз?nIsbз?ɡ/n.哥尼斯堡
※There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……，that引导同位语从句。
the Baltic Sea/'b??ltIk 'si?/波罗的海
※which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词K?nigsberg。
※what引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。
remain linking verb 保持不变，仍然是。其后常接名词或形容词作表语。
mystery/'mIstrI；US'mIst?rI/n.神秘
former/'f??m?/adj.以前的；从前的
※by构成的介词短语，意为“通过研究……”，在句中作方式状语。
※when引导定语从句，修饰先行词2003。,
原文呈现
IN SEARCH OF THE AMBER ROOM
Frederick William I①，the King of Prussia②，could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing③history.This gift was the Amber Room，which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it.The amber which was selected④had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey⑤.The design⑥of the room was in the fancy⑦style⑧popular in those days.It was also a treasure decorated⑨with gold and jewels⑩，which took the country's best artists?about ten years to make.
In fact，the room was not made to be a gift.It was designed for?the palace of Frederick I．However，the next King of Prussia，Frederick William I，to whom the amber room belonged?，decided not to keep it.In 1716 he gave it to Peter the Great.In return?，the Czar?sent him a troop?of his best soldiers.So the Amber Room became part of the Czar's winter palace in St Petersburg?.About four metres long，the room served as?a small reception?hall for important visitors.
Later，Catherine Ⅱ?had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers.She told her artists to add more details to it.In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted.Almost six hundred candles litthe room，and its mirrors and pictures shone like gold.Sadly，although the Amber Room was considered one of the wondersof the world，it is now missing.
In September 1941，the Nazi army was near St Petersburg.This was a time when the two countries were at war.Before the Nazis could get to the summer palace，the Russians were able to removesome furnitureand small art objects from the Amber Room.However，some of the Nazis secretly stole the room itself.In less thantwo days 100,000 pieces were put inside twenty-seven woodenboxes.There is no doubtthat the boxes were then put on a train for K?nigsberg，which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea.After that，what happened to the Amber Room remainsa mystery.
Recently，the Russians and Germans have built a new Amber Room at the summer palace.By studying old photos of the formerAmber Room，they have made the new one look like the old one.In 2003 it was ready for the people of St Petersburg when they celebrated the 300th birthday of their city.
课文译文
寻找琥珀屋
普鲁士国王腓特烈·威廉一世绝不可能想到他送给俄罗斯人民的厚礼会有这样一段令人惊讶的历史。这件礼物就是琥珀屋，之所以用这个名字是因为造这间房子用了好几吨琥珀。被选用的琥珀色彩漂亮，像蜂蜜一样呈黄褐色。琥珀屋的设计采用了当时流行的奇特风格。它还是一件用黄金和珠宝装饰的宝物，花了这个国家最优秀的艺术家大约十年的时间来制造它。
事实上，这个琥珀屋并不是作为礼物来建造的。它是为腓特烈一世的宫殿而设计(制作)的。然而，下一位普鲁士国王，腓特烈·威廉一世，这个琥珀屋的主人却决定不要它了。在1716年，他把琥珀屋送给了彼得大帝。作为回赠，沙皇则送给他一队自己最好的士兵。这样，琥珀屋就成了沙皇在圣彼得堡冬宫的一部分。这间琥珀屋长约4米，被用作小型接待厅来接待重要来宾。
后来，叶卡捷琳娜二世派人把琥珀屋搬到圣彼得堡郊外她避暑的宫殿中。她让她的艺术家们给琥珀屋添加了更多细节。1770年，琥珀屋按照她想要的方式完成了。有近600根蜡烛来照亮这个屋子，屋子里面的镜子和图画像金子一样闪闪发光。可悲的是，虽然琥珀屋被认为是世界上的奇迹之一，但现在已经找不到了。
1941年9月，纳粹军队逼近圣彼得堡。这是在两国交战的时期。在纳粹分子到达夏宫之前，俄国人能把琥珀屋里的一些家具和小型艺术品搬走。然而，一些纳粹分子秘密地把整个琥珀屋偷走了。在不到两天的时间里，(琥珀屋被拆卸成)10万个部件装进了27个木箱里。毫无疑问，这些箱子后来被装上火车运往哥尼斯堡，当时德国在波罗的海边的一个城市。从那以后，琥珀屋的去处便成了一个谜。
最近，俄国人和德国人在夏宫建造了一个新的琥珀屋。通过研究以前的琥珀屋的旧照片，他们使新的琥珀屋看上去跟以前的琥珀屋一样。2003年，圣彼得堡人用它来庆祝该市建立300周年。
Ⅰ.Match the general idea with each paragraph.
Para.1　 　(C)　A．The history of the Amber Room.
Paras.2&3 (A) B．The rebuilding of the Amber Room.
Para.4 (D) C．The introduction of the Amber Room.
Para.5 (B) D．The missing of the Amber Room.
Ⅱ.True (T) or False (F)．
1．It took some best artists about ten years to make the old Amber Room.(T)
2．The Amber Room served as a reception hall for the guests of Frederick William Ⅰ.(F)
3．Catherine Ⅱ made people move the Amber Room to the summer palace outside St Petersburg.(T)
4．Some of the Nazis secretly stole the Amber Room.(T)
5．The Amber Room was rebuilt differently from the old photos of it.(F)
1．Is it enough to have survived for a long time？(教材P1)能保存很长一段时间就够了吗？
survive vi. 幸免；幸存；生还 vt.幸免于……；比……活得久
①Did anyone survive the explosion?
那次爆炸事故中有人幸免吗？
归纳拓展
(1)survive sth 幸免于某事
survive sb(by)比某人活得长(几年)
(2)survival n．幸存，残存
survivor n．幸存者
②He survived his friend by 10 years after the war.
战后，他比他的朋友多活了十年。
③The survivors of the earthquake are fighting for survival.(survive)
地震的幸存者们正在为生存而奋斗。
2．IN SEARCH OF THE AMBER ROOM(教材P1)
寻找琥珀屋
in search of寻找；寻求
①Birds fly south in search of winter sun.
群鸟南飞，寻觅冬天的阳光。
归纳拓展
in one's/the search for 寻找；寻求
search sb/sp 搜某人的身/搜查某地
search...for...为了找到……而搜查……
search for＝look for 搜寻；寻找
②Tom hurried into the room as if in search of something important.First he searched the drawer for John's telephone number.And then he began to search for his address again.
汤姆匆匆进入房间，好像在寻找重要的东西。他搜寻抽屉找约翰的电话号码，然后他又开始寻找他的地址。
3．Frederick William Ⅰ，the King of Prussia，could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history.(教材P1)
普鲁士国王腓特烈·威廉一世绝不可能想到他送给俄罗斯人民的厚礼会有这样一段令人惊讶的历史。
amazing adj.令人吃惊的，令人惊讶的
归纳拓展
(1)amaze vt.使吃惊；惊讶
It amazes sb that...……使某人吃惊
(2)amazed adj.吃惊的，惊奇的
be amazed at/by...对……大为惊奇
be amazed to do sth惊奇地做某事
be amazed that...对……感到惊奇
(3)amazement n．惊愕，惊异
to one's amazement＝to the amazement of sb 令某人惊奇的是
①It amazed her that he could be so calm at such a time.
在这个时候他还能如此冷静，真让她感到惊讶。
②During the public vacation，visitors usually are amazed at/by the crowded scenic spot.
在公众假期期间，拥挤的景点通常令游客们异常惊异。
③He was amazed to hear(hear)the amazing news.
听到那个令人惊奇的消息，他很吃惊。
④To my amazement，I found several babies swimming in a pool with the help of their mothers.
使我吃惊的是，我发现有几个婴儿在他们妈妈的帮助下在游泳池里游泳。
4．The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow- brown colour like honey.(教材P1)
选出来的琥珀呈现出漂亮的蜂蜜一样的黄褐色。
select vt.挑选；选择
归纳拓展
select...for...为……挑选……
select sb to do sth选择某人做某事
select sb/sth as/to be...挑选某人/某物作……
①Simon has been selected to make(make)a speech at the opening ceremony.
西蒙被推选出在开幕式上致辞。
②We selected him as/to be our monitor because he was very responsible.
我们选他当我们的班长，因为他很负责任。
③After a long walk，we selected a good place for our camp.
走了很长的路后，我们选了一个露营的好地方。
5．The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days.(教材P1)
琥珀屋的设计采用了当时流行的别致的建筑式样。
design n．设计；图案；构思 vt.设计；计划；构思
①They asked me to design a poster for the campaign.
他们请我为这次活动设计一张海报。
归纳拓展
be designed for打算做……用
be designed to do...目的是做……
by design＝on purpose有意地，故意地
②We shall never know whether this happened by design or by accident.
我们将永远无法知道这事是有意安排的还是偶然发生的。
③As a matter of fact，the book is designed for beginners.事实上，这本书是给初学者设计的。
④This project is designed to help(help)the disabled.
这项工程的目的是帮助残疾人。
6．It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels，which took the country's best artists about ten years to make.(教材P2)
它也是用金银珠宝装饰起来的珍品，一批国家最优秀的艺术家用了大约十年的时间才把它完成。
decorate vt.装饰；装修
归纳拓展
(1)decorate...with...用……装饰(某物、某处)
be decorated with...用……来装饰
(2)decoration n．装饰；装饰物
①The little girl decorated her hair with flowers.
这小女孩把鲜花戴在头上来打扮自己。
②She picked a large bunch of flowers for table decoration.
她采了一大束花来装饰桌子。
③Decorated(decorate) with different lights，the living room looks very beautiful.
用不同的灯装饰，卧室看上去非常漂亮。
[名师点津]　decorate不接双宾语。
7．However，the next King of Prussia，Frederick William I，to whom the amber room belonged，decided not to keep it.(教材P2)
然而，下一位普鲁士国王，腓特烈·威廉一世，这个琥珀屋的主人却决定不要它了。
belong to属于
①As we all know，Taiwan belongs to China.
众所周知，台湾是中国的一部分。
归纳拓展
(1)belong to不用于被动语态，也不用于进行时态，其中的to为介词，后跟名词或代词作宾语。
(2)belong vi.属于，为……的一员
belongings n．财产；所有物
②China is a developing country belonging(belong) to the Third World.
中国是发展中国家，属于第三世界。
③She packed her few belongings in a bag and left.
她把她的几件东西装进包里便离开了。
[名师点津]　belong to后跟人称代词时，用其宾格形式，不要受汉语影响用了物主代词。
The new bike belongs to him.
这辆新自行车属于他。
8．In return，the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers.(教材P2)
作为回赠，沙皇则送给他一队自己最好的士兵。
in return(＝in reward)回报，作为报答
①I wish I could do something for you in return.
我希望我能做点什么来报答你。
in return for...作为对……的回报
in turn因此，因而；反过来；依次，逐个，轮流
②I invited Tom to dinner in return for his help.
为了报答汤姆的帮助，我请他吃了晚饭。
③Sam and I rode the bike in turn.
我和萨姆轮流骑自行车。
9．Later，Catherine Ⅱ had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers.(教材P2)
后来，叶卡捷琳娜二世派人把琥珀屋搬到了圣彼得堡郊外她避暑的宫殿中。
had the Amber Room moved...是“have sth done”结构，该结构有以下用法：
(1)使某事被做(可能是主语自己做，也可能是让别人做)
①I must have my homework done before going to bed.
睡觉前我必须做完作业。
(2)遭遇或经历某种不幸的事情
②Unfortunately，he had his right leg injured(injure)during the training.
不幸的是，他在训练中把右腿弄伤了。
have sb do sth让某人做某事
have sb/sth doing sth让某人/某物一直做某事
③John had me find a car for him.
约翰让我为他找辆车。
④He had us laughing(laugh)during the lunchtime.
在午饭期间，他让我们一直笑个不停。
[名师点津]　have sth done相当于make/get sth done；不管“have sth done”结构表示何种意义，sth与done之间都存在着逻辑上的动宾关系。
10．...the Russians were able to remove some furniture and small art objects from the Amber Room.(教材P2)……俄罗斯人只能把琥珀屋里的一些家具和小件艺术饰品搬走。
remove vt.移动；搬开
归纳拓展
(1)remove from...to...从……迁移、移居到……
(2)remove...from...免职，开除，除掉；拿走……
①Let's remove the cloth from the table.
咱们把桌子上的布撤下来吧。
②She removed the painting to another wall.
她把画移到另一面墙上。
③He has removed his home from the countryside to the nearby city.
他已把家从乡村搬到附近城市。
11．There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for K?nigsberg，which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea.(教材P2)
毫无疑问，这些箱子后来被装上火车运往哥尼斯堡，当时德国在波罗的海边的一个城市。
doubt n. 怀疑，疑惑 vt.怀疑；疑惑
①There seems no reason to doubt her story.
似乎没有理由怀疑她所说的话。
归纳拓展
There is no doubt 毫无疑问……
There is some doubt whether...是否……有疑问
in doubt不肯定；不确定
without/beyond doubt毫无疑问；的确
②There is some doubt whether he can win the first prize.
他是否能赢得一等奖还有些疑问。
③The research showed beyond doubt that smoking contributes to heart disease.
这项研究确实表明吸烟会导致心脏病。
归纳拓展
don't doubt that...确信……(用于否定或疑问句中)
doubt whether/if...怀疑……(用于肯定句中)
doubt sth/sb怀疑某事/某人
④I doubt whether it is true.
我怀疑这是否是真的。
⑤I don't doubt that you are honest.
我相信你是诚实的。
[名师点津]　doubt无论作动词引导宾语从句还是作名词引导同位语从句，只要在否定或疑问句中，就用that引导；在肯定句中，用whether或if引导。
12．Is it worth rebuilding lost cultural relics such as the Amber Room or Yuanmingyuan in Beijing？(教材P2)
值得重建像琥珀屋或北京的圆明园这些已消失的文化古迹吗？
worth prep.值得的；相当于……的价值 adj.值钱的 n．价值；作用
①The winner will receive ten pounds worth of books.
获胜者将得到价值十英镑的书籍。
归纳拓展
be worth doing sth值得做某事
be worth＋money值……钱
be worth＋n.值得……
②The Great Wall is worth visiting(visit)．＝The Great Wall is worth a visit.＝It is worth visiting the Great Wall.长城值得参观。
③The jewel is worth about six thousand dollars.
这件珠宝价值大约6 000美元。
[名师点津]　be worth doing中doing主动形式表被动含义；若表示“很值得做某事”，则用well修饰，构成be well worth doing。
Writing
如何写观点对比类议论文
议论文是通过剖析事物来论述事理、发表意见或提出主张的一种文体，要求作者通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非确定其观点的正确或错误，树立或否定某种观点或主张。观点对比类议论文是从正反两方面辩证地说明某个观点。
1．观点对比类议论文的结构通常为：①提出问题；②陈述不同的观点及其理由；③说明自己的观点。
2．要做到要点完整，条理清晰。各段之间层次清楚，以使文章显得有条理。从文章结构层次上讲，通常采用三段式。
3．正确定位时态，常用一般现在时。行文时要注意关联词的使用，并选择使用恰当的表达方式，如复合句、反问句、祈使句等，使文章不落俗套。
4．准确使用常用词汇与结构，使文章更地道。
[典型句式]
★文章开头常用语
Recently we have had a discussion/debate...
Some people are in favor of...
Other people are against...
There are different opinions among people as to...
Different people have/hold different views/opinions on this problem.
★陈述正方观点常用语
Some people hold the opinion that ...
People who are for the idea think that...
★陈述反方观点常用语
Others hold a different view/hold the opposite opinion/have different opinions.
However, the others are strongly against it.
★陈述个人观点常用语
In my opinion/As for me/Personally speaking, it is a good idea...
My point of view is that...
As far as I'm concerned, every coin has two sides.
最近，英语老师让同学们组织了一场题为“你是否喜欢阅读幽默的英语故事”的讨论。请根据下面的讨论结果，用英语写一篇短文。
80%喜欢
20%不喜欢
你的观点
1.这种故事内容有趣，可以增加学生的阅读兴趣，使喜欢阅读的同学增多；
2.不仅可以学到知识，还使人感到愉快；
3.使人学会一些可以使用的幽默技巧。
1.幽默故事很难读懂，这会使人厌烦；
2.幽默故事往往短小，学生通过幽默故事学到的词汇和句型少；
3.中国学生很难体会到故事的幽默所在。
……
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．短文的开头已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：technique技巧
Yesterday afternoon，we held a discussion about whether students like reading humorous English stories or not.




[写作要点]
1．第一段介绍讨论的主题(已给出)；
2．第二段介绍有80%的学生喜欢阅读幽默的英语故事，并说明理由；
3．第三段介绍另外的20%的学生不喜欢阅读幽默的英语故事，并说明理由；
4．第四段表明自己的观点，并说明理由。
范文示例
Yesterday afternoon, we held a discussion about whether students like reading humorous English stories or not.
80% of the students are fond of reading humorous English stories.They think this kind of stories are so interesting that more and more students will be interested in English reading.Besides，not only can these stories entertain students, but also they may give them knowledge.In addition, they teach them how to use the technique of humor.
However, 20% of the students show no interest in them.They find these stories boring and hard to understand.Also, they say they learn few new words and useful sentence structures from those short English stories.More importantly, they feel it difficult for Chinese students to follow the humor in these stories.
Personally speaking，I enjoy reading humorous English stories.Having a laugh every day is really beneficial to people，and I think it is good for people to appreciate humor.
亮点点评
(1)本文思路清晰、行文流畅、过渡自然，而且熟练地使用了一些高级句型及结构，如：第二段的第二句使用了so...that...引导的结果状语从句，第二段的第三句使用了not only...but also...结构，且not only...位于句首，第一个分句用部分倒装。第三段的第二句使用了“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构，第三段的最后一句“they feel it...”中的it在此作形式宾语，后面的不定式作真正的宾语。在最后一段的第二句中，“Having a laugh every day”为动名词短语作主语。
(2)在文中作者使用的Besides，However，Also，More importantly等词汇使文章过渡自然。此外，be fond of，be interested in，show no interest in等的使用也是文章的亮点所在。
假如你叫李华，你的一些同学几乎天天去你校附近的几家网吧。对此，你校开展了一次热烈的讨论：中学生应不应该去网吧。请你给《二十一世纪报·中学生版》的编辑写一封100词左右的信，把讨论情况做简要汇报，并征求编辑的看法。
45%的同学
1.认为不应该去网吧。
2．很多网站内容不适合学生。
3．很多人只是聊天，玩电子游戏，浪费时间。
50%的同学
1.认为应该去网吧。
2．上网是一种现代化的交流方式。
3．可查阅信息，上网校，收发电子邮件等。
5%的同学
没有发表意见
征求编辑的意见
【参考范文】
Dear Editor，
Some students go to the net bars near our school almost every day.Last week，a heated discussion was held in our school about whether middle school students should go to net bars.
45% of the students thought that we shouldn't because the contents of many websites are not suitable for us young students.Many students go there just to chat or to play electronic games.It's really a waste of time.
On the contrary，nearly half of the students held the view that we should because it is a modern method of communication.We can search for the information we need，attend net school on line，send and receive e-mails to keep in touch with our friends.
Still，there are 5% students who didn't express any of their ideas at all.Now，can you give us some advice on this problem?
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
Learning about Language
Ⅰ．重点单词
1．charge vt．& vi．收费；控诉；n．费用；主管
2．physical adj．物理的；身体的
physics n．物理；物理学
3．fine vt．罚款
4．poster n．海报；招贴
5．advertise vt．& vi．做广告；登广告
Ⅱ．核心短语
1．in charge 主管；看管
2．take part in 参加
3．in trouble 处于麻烦中
4．fall down 跌倒
5．lose a chance 失去机会
Ⅲ．经典句式
1．She rose to her feet in one swift movement．
她迅速地站了起来。
2．So she practised hard every day in order to be admitted as a competitor．
于是，为了被接受成为参赛选手，她每天都刻苦训练。
1．duty to be in charge and get in trouble if things go wrong(教材P12)
如果事情出现问题，有负责和介入麻烦的责任
charge vt．&vi．收费；控诉n．费用；主管
归纳拓展
(1)charge...for...索价，要价
charge sb with (doing) sth指控某人(做)某事
(2)in charge (of)负责，主管(表主动)
in the charge of sb由某人负责(表被动)
take charge of负责，主管
free of charge免费
①He took charge of the farm after his father's death．
父亲去世后他掌管了这家农场。
②He charged me five yuan for repairing my bike．
他修我的自行车收费五元钱。
③She was charged with parking against rules．
她被指控违规停车。
[一言辨异]　
Class Five is in the charge of Miss Li；that is to say，Miss Li is in charge of Class Five．五班由李老师负责，也就是说，李老师负责五班。
2．Now you are asked to make a poster to advertise a sporting event．(教材P13)
现在要求你制作一张海报来为一项体育运动做广告。
advertise vt．& vi．做广告；登广告
①If you want to attract more customers，try advertising in the local paper．如果你要吸引更多顾客就试着在当地报纸登广告。
归纳
拓展
(1)advertise for...为征求……而登广告
(2)advertisement n．广告(缩写ad．)
put/place an advertisement in a newspaper在报纸上发布广告
②The company is advertising for typists in a newspaper．
那家公司在报纸上登广告招聘打字员。
③If you are in search of your missing pet，you'd better put an advertisement in the newspaper．
如果你在寻找丢失的宠物，你最好在报纸上登个广告。
一般将来时的被动语态
1．When and where will the next Olympic Games be held?
2．Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitors．
3．Sailing races will be held on the lake at 11：30 every Tuesday．
4．If he cannot run as fast as me，he will be killed．
一、常见结构
肯定式
主语＋shall/will＋be done...
否定式
主语＋shall/will＋not＋be done...
一般疑问式
Shall/Will＋主语＋be done...？
特殊疑问式
疑问词＋shall/will＋主语＋be done...？
The new film will be shown next month．
这部新电影将在下个月上映。
The meeting won't be held this afternoon．
今天下午将不举行会议。
Will the work be finished soon?
这项工作很快就会完成吗？
When will these books be published?
这些书将在什么时候出版？
二、常见用法
1．一般将来时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，表示根据计划或安排将要发生的被动动作。
2．在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时的被动语态代替一般将来时的被动语态。
If I am given enough time，I will go to Hong Kong for my holiday．
如果我有足够的时间，我将去香港度假。
3．一般将来时的被动语态表示有固定性条件就有规律性被动结果。
Heated to 100 ℃，water will be turned into steam．
加热到100度时，水将会变成蒸气。
三、注意问题
1．短语动词变为被动时不能漏掉介词或副词。
The orphan will be taken good care of by the old couple．
这个孤儿会得到这对老夫妇的良好照顾。
2．含有双宾语的主动句变为被动句时，如果将其中的间接宾语变为被动句的主语，则直接宾语保留不变，反之亦然。
He will tell me a funny story．
→I will be told a funny story．
→A funny story will be told to me．
他要告诉我一个滑稽故事。
[名师点津]　如果把直接宾语变为主语，则在间接宾语前加介词to或for。
Using Language
Ⅰ．重点单词
1．glory n．光荣；荣誉
glorious adj．光荣的
2．bargain vi．讨价还价；讲条件；n．便宜货
3．hopeless adj．没有希望的；绝望的
hope n．希望
hopeful adj．有希望的
4．foolish adj．愚蠢的；傻的
5．pain n．疼痛；痛苦
6．deserve vi．& vt．应受(报答或惩罚)；值得
Ⅱ．核心短语
1．on purpose故意地
2．make a bargain with sb和某人达成协议
3．hear of听说；获悉
4．run the race参加赛跑
5．change one's mind改变某人的主意
6．pick up接收；拾起
7．one after another陆续地；一个接一个地
8．apart from除了……；除……之外
9．hand in hand手拉手
Ⅲ．经典句式
1．She was very beautiful and could run faster than any man in Greece．
她很美丽而且比希腊的任何一个男人跑得都快。
2．She was so angry that she said to her father that she would not marry anyone who could not run faster than her．她如此生气，以至于她对她父亲说，她不会嫁给任何跑不过她的男人。
3．This is important because the more you speak English，the better your English will become．
这很重要，因为你开口讲得越多，你的英语就会越好。
阅读清障
①Atlanta/?t'l?nt?/n．亚特兰大(女名；城市名)
②princess/prIn'ses/n．公主
③glory/'ɡlrI/n．光荣；荣誉
win glory for为……赢得荣誉
④would是情态动词，表示“会，将会”
※who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词anyone。
⑤bargain/bɑɡIn/vi．讨价还价；讲条件n．便宜货
make a bargain with sb与某人达成协议
⑥run against与(某人)竞争
⑦pardon vt．宽恕；赦免
⑧prince/prIns/n．王子
⑨hear of听说，得知
⑩hopeless/'h?plIs/adj．没有希望的；绝望的
(反)hopeful adj．抱有希望的；满怀希望的
?run the race参加赛跑，此处run为及物动词。
run the marathon参加马拉松比赛
?Hippomenes/hI'pm?niz/n．希波墨涅斯(男名；古希腊人名)
※There was...rules为主从复合句，主句中who引导定语从句；修饰Hippomenes；when引导时间状语从句；过去分词短语called Hippomenes作后置定语，修饰a man。
?foolish/'fulI/adj．愚蠢的；傻的
It's foolish of sb to do sth某人做某事是愚蠢的。
?change one's mind改变主意
make up one's mind下定决心
※although the men ran very fast是although引导的让步状语从句。
※As引导的时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”，相当于when。
?goddess/'ɡdIs/n．女神
Goddess of Love爱情女神
?promise to do sth许诺做某事
?in front of在……的前面(事物外部的前面)
in the front of在……的前部(某个空间内部的前面)
?stop to do sth停下来去做另一件事(to do为目的状语)；stop doing sth停止做某事(doing作stop的宾语)。
?pick up拾起，捡起
?see sb do sth看见某人做了某事
will在此处表示意愿，意为“愿，要，会”。
原文呈现
THE STORY OF ATLANTA①
Atlanta was a Greek princess②．She was very beautiful and could run faster than any man in Greece．But she was not allowed to run and win glory③ for herself in the Olympic Games．She was so angry that she said to her father that she would④ not marry anyone who could not run faster than her．Her father said that she must marry, so Atlanta made a bargain⑤ with him．She said to him, “These are my rules．When a man says he wants to marry me, I will run against⑥ him．If he cannot run as fast as me, he will be killed．No one will be pardoned⑦．”
Many kings and princes⑧ wanted to marry Atlanta，but when they heard of⑨ her rules they knew it was hopeless⑩．So many of them sadly went home, but others stayed to run the race?．There was a man called Hippomenes? who was amazed when he heard of Atlanta's rules，“Why are these men so foolish?？”he thought．“Why will they let themselves be killed because they cannot run as fast as this princess？”However, when he saw Atlanta come out of her house to run, Hippomenes changed his mind?．“I will marry Atlanta—or die！”he said．
The race started and although the men ran very fast，Atlanta ran faster．As Hippomenes watched he thought，“How can I run as fast as Atlanta？”He went to ask the Greek Goddess? of Love for help．She promised to help? him and gave him three golden apples．She said，“Throw an apple in front of? Atlanta when she is running past．When she stops to? pick it up?，you will be able to run past her and win．”Hippomenes took the apples and went to the King．He said，“I want to marry Atlanta．”The King was sad to see? another man die，but Hippomenes said，“I will marry her—or die！”So the race began．
课文译文
亚特兰大的故事
亚特兰大是一位希腊公主。她很漂亮，而且比希腊的任何男人跑得都快，但她不被允许在奥运会上参加赛跑比赛为自己赢得荣誉。她非常生气，于是就对她的父亲说，她不会嫁给任何跑不过她的男人。她的父亲说她必须结婚，于是亚特兰大就和她的父亲达成了一个协议。她对父亲说：“我有我的规矩。当有人说想娶我时，我就跟他赛跑。如果他不能跑得和我一样快，他就要被杀掉。任何人都不会被赦免。”
许多国王和王子想娶亚特兰大，但当他们听说了她的规矩时，就知道希望渺茫。因此他们中的很多人闷闷不乐地回家了，其他人则留下来参加赛跑。一位叫希波墨涅斯的人得知亚特兰大的规矩后，大为吃惊。“为什么这些人那么愚蠢呢？”他想，“为什么他们跑不过这个公主就让别人把自己杀掉呢？”然而，当他看到亚特兰大从屋子里出来跑步时，希波墨涅斯改变了主意。他说：“我要么娶亚特兰大，要么就去死！”
比赛开始了，虽然那些男人跑得很快，可是亚特兰大跑得更快。希波墨涅斯边看边想：“我怎样才能跑得与亚特兰大一样快呢？”他去向希腊爱情女神求助。她答应帮助他，并且给了他三个金苹果。她说：“当亚特兰大跑过你的时候，你就扔一个苹果在亚特兰大前面。当她停下来去捡它时，你就可以超过她而获胜。”希波墨涅斯拿着苹果去见国王。他说：“我要娶亚特兰大。”国王很忧伤，因为又要看着一个人去送死，但是希波墨涅斯说：“我要娶她，要不，我就去死！”于是比赛开始了。
Ⅰ．Choose the best answer according to the text．
1．What were Atlanta's rules?
A．She would kill the man who wanted to marry her．
B．She would run against the man who wanted to marry her．
C．The man who ran against her would be killed．
D．She would marry the man who would run against her．
答案　B
2．What did Hippomenes think of the men who ran against Atlanta at first?
A．Wise． B．Brave．
C．Foolish． D．Shy．
答案　C
3．What can we see from the sentence “I will marry Atlanta—or die！” said by Hippomenes?
A．Hippomenes was so kind that he didn't want other men to be killed．
B．Hippomenes believed that he could defeat Atlanta．
C．Atlanta's beauty moved him so much that he would try his best to marry Atlanta even he might lose his life．
D．He would like to do anything for Atlanta as well as to die．
答案　C
4．Who helped Hippomenes?
A．The Greek Goddess of Love．
B．The King．
C．Atlanta．
D．The prince．
答案　A
5．Which of the following is TRUE?
A．Atlanta could run faster than any man in the Olympic Games．
B．Atlanta didn't want to marry anyone because she is very beautiful．
C．When men heard of the rules，none of them dare to run the race．
D．Hippomenes was amazed at the Atlanta's rules at first．
答案　D
Ⅱ．True (T) or False (F)．
1．Atlanta could run faster than any man in Greece．(T)
2．At first Hippomenes didn't know why men ran against Atlanta．(T)
3．Atlanta was confident she would win．(T)
4．She was so glad that she could not run in the Olympics．(F)
5．Her father did not understand her rules．(T)
1．Her father said that she must marry，so Atlanta made a bargain with him．(教材P14)
她的父亲说她必须结婚，于是亚特兰大就和他达成了一个协议。
marry vt．& vi．结婚，娶，嫁；把……嫁给
归纳
拓展
marry sb/get married to sb与某人结婚(表示动作，为短暂性动词短语，不与表示一段时间的状语连用)
marry A to B　把A嫁给B
be married to sb与某人结婚(表示状态，可与表示一段时间的状语连用)
①He married his daughter to a worker．
他把女儿嫁给了一个工人。
②He got married(marry)to his secretary three years ago．
他三年前跟他的秘书结了婚。
③She has been married to Robert for a year．
她与罗伯特结婚一年了。
bargain vi．讨价还价；讲条件 n．便宜货；协议；交易
归纳
拓展
bargain with sb about/over sth与某人协商某事
a real/good bargain便宜货；廉价货；买得真划算
make a bargain with sb 与某人达成协议；与某人成交
It's a bargain．这可是便宜货。
④This jacket is a good bargain at such a low price．
这件夹克售价这么低，真便宜。
⑤The salesman refused to bargain with us over the price．
这位推销员拒绝与我们讨价还价。
[名师点津]　marry作及物动词时，其后不加介词；作不及物动词时，与介词to连用，不能用介词with。
2．When she stops to pick it up，you will be able to run past her and win．(教材P14)
当她停下来去捡它时，你就能超过她并获胜。
pick up捡起；拾起；(偶然，意外地)获得；学会；(用车)接；搭载；(精神，健康等的)好转；康复；改善；接收(信号等)
写出下列句子中pick up的汉语意思
①When he was in France，he picked up some French．(偶然地)学会
②Don't worry．I'll pick you up at the station．(用车)接
③Do you pick up VOA in your free time？接收
④I believe things will pick up soon．好转
⑤He has picked up slowly since he came out of hospital．康复
3．Do you think Hippomenes deserved to win the race？(教材P15)你认为希波墨涅斯应该赢这场比赛吗？
deserve vt．应受(报答或惩罚)；值得
归纳
拓展
deserve to do sth应/值得做某事
deserve doing＝deserve to be done＝deserve＋相应名词　应/值得……
①He has worked very hard and deserved to pass(pass) the exam．
他学习很努力，应该能通过考试。
②He deserved to be punished/punishing/punishment(punish) for what he did．他做了这样的事，应受到惩罚。
[名师点津]　deserve后接动名词时，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，相当于接动词不定式的被动形式。有此类用法的词还有表示“需要”的need，want，require等。
4．This is important because the more you speak English，the better your English will become．(教材P16)
这是很重要的，因为你说英语越多，你的英语就会越好。
归纳
拓展
(1)句中含有“the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)，the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)”。此句型表示后者随着前者的变化而变化，意为“越……就越……”
(2)前者相当于一个条件句，因此，要用一般现在时代替一般将来时
①The harder you work，the greater progress you will make．
＝You will make greater progress if you work harder．
你学习越努力，进步就越大。
②The more you practise，the better you can understand．
你练习得越多，理解得就越透。
③The higher you stand，the farther you will see．
你站得越高就看得越远。
Unit 2　The Olympic Games
?转化
volunteer n．志愿者；志愿兵→adj．志愿的；义务的vt．&vi．自愿
charge vt．&vi．收费；控诉→n．费用；主管
bargain vi．讨价还价；讲条件→n．便宜货
?派生
名词后缀：-tion，-or，
compete vi．比赛；竞争→competition n．比赛→competitor n．竞争者
形容词后缀：-ful，-less
hope n．希望，期望 v．希望，期望→hopeful adj．满怀希望的→hopeless adj．没有希望的；绝望的
副词后缀：-ly
regular adj．规则的；定期的；常规的→regularly adv．有规律地，均匀地，匀称地
swift adj．快的，迅速的→swiftly adv．很快地，即刻
?合成
home(家)＋land(土地)→homeland n．祖国；本国
2022年冬奥会将在北京举行，这使得北京成为继东京后第二个既举办过冬季奥运会，又举办过夏季奥运会的城市。
Beijing，with co-host Zhangjiakou in neighboring Hebei Province, will host the 24th Winter Olympic Games in 2022．It will be the first city to host both the Summer and Winter Olympic Games after beating Kazakhstan's Alma-Ata(哈萨克斯坦的阿拉木图)to hold the 2022 Winter Olympics over the more than 100 years of history．
The Winter Olympics are a total of 15 categories(种类)，102 events．Beijing will host all the ice sports；Yanqing county of Beijing and Zhangjiakou will host all the snow sports．And a high-speed railway，which will be completed in 2019，will link Beijing with Zhangjia-kou．It will take 50 minutes to go from Beijing to Zhangjiakou．
The Chinese government will take a series of measures to deal with air pollution and offer full support in finance，legal affairs and security(安全)to make sure that Beijing could present another impressive Olympics．
Winning the hosting rights for the 2022 Winter Olympics not only helps develop the winter sports in our country，but also strengthens the friendship and mutual(相互的)understanding between the Chinese people and the people from other countries and regions．It will also fuel regional integration between Beijing，Tianjin and Hebei Province，especially on transportation，air pollution control and tourism．
词海拾贝
1．a series of 一系列　　　2．measures n．措施
3．support n．支持 4．present v．呈现，展示
5．not only...but also不但……而且……
Warming Up & Reading
Ⅰ．重点单词
1．ancient adj．古代的；古老的
2．compete vi．比赛；竞争
competitor n．竞争者
3．medal n．奖章；勋章；纪念章
4．magical adj．巫术的；魔术的；有魔力的
magic n．巫术；魔术
5．volunteer n．志愿者；志愿兵；adj．志愿的；义务的；
vt．& vi．自愿
6．regular adj．规则的；定期的；常规的
7．basis n．基础；根据
8．athlete n．运动员；运动选手
9．admit vt．&vi．容许；承认；接纳
10．slave n．奴隶
11．nowadays adv．现今；现在
12．host vt．做东；主办；招待；n．主人
13．responsibility n．责任；职责
14．replace vt．取代；替换；代替
15．swift adj．快的；迅速的
Ⅱ．核心短语
1．take part in参加；参与
2．stand for代表；象征；表示
3．every four years每四年
4．be admitted as...被接纳为……
5．compete with/against sb与某人竞争
6．play a very important role in在……中起重要作用
7．as well也；又；还
8．as a matter of fact事实上；实际上
Ⅲ．经典句式
1．I lived in what you call “Ancient Greece” and I used to write about the Olympic Games a long time ago．
我生活在你们所说的“古希腊”，我曾经写过关于很久以前的奥林匹克运动会的事情。
2．Women are not only allowed，but play a very important role in gymnastics，athletics，team sports and...
妇女不仅被允许参加，她们还在体操、竞技和团队等比赛项目中起着非常重要的作用……
3．It's a great responsibility but also a great honour to be chosen．
被选中不仅要承担巨大的责任同时也享有极大的荣誉。
阅读清障
①Greek/ɡrik/adj．希腊(人)的；希腊语的 n．希腊人；希腊语
※who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Pausanias。
②magical/'m?dIkl/adj．巫术的；魔术的
③find out 查明，弄清
※不定式短语在句中作目的状语。
④present-day(复合形容词)当今的，现代的
⑤volunteer/vl?n'tI?/n．志愿者；志愿兵 adj．志愿的；义务的 vt．&vi．自愿
volunteer to do sth自愿做某事
voluntary adj．志愿的，义务的
⑥Greece/ɡris/n．希腊
⑦used to do...过去常常做……
be/get used to doing sth习惯于做某事
be used to do sth被用来做某事
※本句是由and连接的并列句。第一个分句中，what引导的名词性从句作介词in的宾语，意为“……的地方”。第一个分句相当于I lived in the place that/which you call“Ancient Greece”。
⑧time n．时代，时期(通常用times)
⑨homeland/'h?ml?nd/n．祖国；本国
⑩Good heavens！天哪！
?how often多久一次
?every four years每四年
?regular/'regjl?/adj．规则的；定期的
※本句是and(第二个)连接的并列句，在第一个分句中，the Winter and the Summer Olympics 是two main sets of Games的同位语。
?basis/'beIsIs/n．(pl．bases)基础；根据
on a regular basis以定期的方式
on the basis of以……为基础
?athlete/'?θlit/n．运动员，运动选手
athletic adj．健壮的；体育运动的
?reach the agreed standard达到统一的标准
※who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词athletes。其中，过去分词agreed作前置定语，修饰standard。
?be admitted as 作为……被接受
admit/?d'mIt/vt．&vi．容许；承认；接纳
?enjoy doing sth喜欢做某事
※which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词competitions like skiing and ice skating。
※why在此引导表语从句。
?together with意为“和，连同”，相当于with。
?I see．(口语)我明白了。
compete against...for...为……同……竞争(＝compete with...for...)
slave/sleIv/n．奴隶
nowadays/'na?deIz/adv．现今；现在
not only...but(also)...不仅……而且……(此结构中also可以省略)
play a role in在……中扮演角色；在……中起作用(＝play a part in)
gymnastics/dIm'n?stIks/n．(pl．)体操；体能训练
athletics/?θ'letIks/n．(pl．)体育运动；竞技
house此处为及物动词，意为“给(某人)提供住处”。
stadium/'steIdI?m/n．(露天大型)体育场(pl．stadiums or stadia)
gymnasium(gym/dIm/)/dIm'neIzI?m/n．体育馆；健身房
as well也，又，还
host/h?st/vt．做东；主办；招待 n．主人
as a matter of fact(＝in fact)实际上，事实上
responsibility/rIspns?'bIl?tI/n．责任
take responsibility for 对……负责
※本句中的It为形式主语，真正的主语为to be chosen。
olive/'lIv/n．橄榄树；橄榄叶；橄榄枝
wreath/riθ/n．花圈；花冠；圈状物
replace/rI'pleIs/vt．取代；替换；代替(＝take the place of)
be all about全部是关于……
motto/'mt?/n．(pl．mottos或mottoes)座右铭；格言；警句
the school's motto校训
swift/swIft/adj．快的；迅速的
原文呈现
AN INTERVIEW
Pausanias，who was a Greek① writer about 2,000 years ago，has come on a magical② journey on March 18th, 2007 to find out③ about the present-day④ Olympic Games． He is now interviewing Li Yan, a volunteer⑤ for the 2008 Olympic Games．
P: My name is Pausanias．I lived in what you call “Ancient Greece⑥” and I used to⑦ write about the Olympic Games a long time ago．I've come to your time⑧ to find out about the present-day Olympic Games because I know that in 2004 they were held in my homeland⑨．May I ask you some questions about the modern Olympics?
L：Good heavens⑩！Have you really come from so long ago？But of course you can ask any questions you like．What would you like to know?
P: How often? do you hold your Games?
L: Every four years?．There are two main sets of Games—the Winter and the Summer Olympics, and both are held every four years on a regular? basis?．The Winter Olympics are usually held two years before the Summer Games．Only athletes? who have reached the agreed standard? for their event will be admitted as? competitors．They may come from anywhere in the world．
P：Winter Games? How can the runners enjoy competing? in winter? And what about the horses?
L：Oh no! There are no running races or horse riding events．Instead there are competitions like skiing and ice skating which need snow and ice．That's why they're called the Winter Olympics．It's in the Summer Olympics that you have the running races, together with? swimming, sailing and all the team sports．
P：I see?．Earlier you said that athletes are invited from all over the world．Do you mean the Greek world? Our Greek cities used to compete against each other just for the honour of winning．No other countries could join in, nor could slaves or women!
L：Nowadays any country can take part if their athletes are good enough．There are over 250 sports and each one has its own standard．Women are not only allowed，but play a very important role in gymnastics， athletics， team sports and...
P：Please wait a minute! All those events, all those countries and even women taking part! Where are all the athletes housed？
L：For each Olympics, a special village is built for them to live in，a main reception building, several stadiums for competitions, and a gymnasium as well．
P: That sounds very expensive．Does anyone want to host the Olympic Games?
L：As a matter of fact，every country wants the opportunity．It's a great responsibility but also a great honour to be chosen．There's as much competition among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals．The 2008 Olympics will be held in Beijing, China．Did you know that?
P: Oh yes! You must be very proud．
L: Certainly．And after that the 2012 Olympics will be held in London．They have already started planning for it．A new village for the athletes and all the stadiums will be built to the east of London．New medals will be designed of course and...
P: Did you say medals? So even the olive wreath has been replaced！Oh dear! Do you compete for prize money too?
L: No, we don't．It's still all about being able to run faster, jump higher and throw further．That's the motto of the Olympics，you know—“Swifter， Higher and Stronger．”
P：Well, that's good news．How interesting! Thank you so much for your time．
课文译文
一个采访
帕萨尼亚斯是大约2 000年的一位希腊作家，他于2007年3月18日做了一次魔幻旅行(到现代)，以便弄清当代奥运的情况。他现在正在采访一名叫李艳的2008年奥运会志愿者。
帕：我叫帕萨尼亚斯。我生在你们所说的“古希腊”！且我过去常写有关很久前的奥运会的文章。(现在)我来到你们的时代，想弄清当代奥运会的情况，因为我知道2004年的奥运会是在我的祖国举行的。可以问你一些有关现代奥运会的问题吗？
李：天哪！你真的来自那么久远的时代？但是你当然可以问任何你想问的问题。你想知道什么呢？
帕：你们的奥运会多久举行？
李：每四年(举行一次)。奥运会主要有两种：冬季奥运会和夏季奥运会。这两种运动会按常规每四年举行一次，冬季奥运会通常要比夏季奥运会早两年举行。达到他们各自项目统一标准的运动员才会被接受参加奥运会。他们可能来自世界的任何一个地方。
帕：冬季奥运会？运动员怎么可能喜欢在冬天比赛？又怎么可能赛马呢？
李：噢，不！(冬季奥运会)没有赛跑和赛马这类项目。相反有像滑雪和溜冰这类需要冰和雪的比赛项目。这就是它们被叫作冬季奥运会的原因。在夏季奥运会上有赛跑、游泳、帆船运动和所有的团体项目。
帕：我明白了。之前你说过参赛的运动员来自世界各地。你是指希腊世界吗？我们希腊城市之间过去常常仅仅为了赢得荣誉而彼此竞争。别的国家不能参加，奴隶和妇女也不能参加！
李：现在只要它们的运动员足够好，任何国家都能参赛。运动项目有250多个，而且每个项目都有它自己的标准。妇女不仅被允许参赛，而且还在体操、竞技和团体运动等比赛项目中起着非常重要的作用……
帕：请等一下！那些所有的比赛项目，那些所有的国家，甚至妇女也参加！所有的运动员被安置在哪里呢？
李：每届奥运会都有一个特殊的村庄(奥运村)供参赛的人住，一个主要的接待大楼，好几个供比赛用的体育场，还有一个室内体育馆。
帕：那听起来要花很多钱吧。有人想主办奥运会吗？
李：事实上，每个国家都想要这个机会。被选中(举办奥运会)不仅要承担巨大的责任，同时也享有极大的荣誉。国家之间为了能够举办奥运会的竞争同为了赢得奥运奖牌的竞争一样激烈。2008年的奥运会将在中国北京举行，你知道吗？
帕：是的！你一定很自豪吧。
李：当然。在那之后，2012年的奥运会将在伦敦举行。他们已经开始为此筹划了。一个新的奥运村和所有的体育场将在伦敦东部兴建。当然新的奖牌将被设计……
帕：你刚才说奖牌吗？就连橄榄枝花环也被取代了！天啊！你们也为奖金而竞赛吗？
李：不，不是的。它依然全部是关于能够跑得更快，跳得更高，掷得更远的。你知道，“更快，更高，更强”是奥运会的座右铭。
帕：噢，那真是好消息。多么有趣啊！非常感谢，占用了你的时间。
Ⅰ．Skim the text and fill in the blanks about the main idea of the passage．
The passage tells us the similarities and differences about the ancient and modern Olympics．
Ⅱ．Choose the best answer according to the text．
1．What do you know about the Olympic Games according to the passage?
A．There are two sets of Games—one for every four years，while the other for every two years．
B．Athletes from all over the world can take part in the Olympics，no slaves or women allowed．
C．The Olympics were originated from Greece．
D．There are over 300 sports in the Olympics．
答案　C
2．Supposing the next Summer Olympics will be held in the year of 2020，when will the present session(本届) Winter Games be held?
A．In 2020． B．In 2024．
C．In 2022． D．In 2018．
答案　D
3．How are the ancient Olympics different from the modern ones?
A．The modern Games are held every four years，while the ancient ones were not．
B．All of the sports in the modern Games don't exist in the ancient Games．
C．Women were not allowed to take part in the past，but now they are also included．
D．All the athletes can take part in the modern Games．
答案　C
4．Why do many countries compete for the host of the Olympics?
A．For the honor． B．For the medals．
C．For the money． D．For the expense．
答案　A
5．Which is the most proper explanation about the sentence “There's as much competition among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals”？
A．The competition between the countries for hosting the Olympic Games is as hard as that for medals．
B．Many countries are willing and eager to host the Olympic Games．
C．It is much harder to host the Olympic Games than to win medals in the Games．
D．To win medals in the Olympic Games is harder than to host the Olympic Games．
答案　A
Ⅲ．True (T) or False (F)．
1．The Summer Olympics are usually held two years before the Winter Olympics．(F)
2．Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event can take part in the Olympic Games．(T)
3．There are running races and football games in the Summer Olympics．(T)
4．Now any country can take part if their athletes are good enough．(T)
5．There is as much competition among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals．(T)
1．How many countries competed in the ancient Olympic Games？(教材P9)
多少个国家参加古代奥林匹克运动会？
compete vi．比赛；竞争
归纳
拓展
(1)compete in...参加……的比赛/竞赛
compete against/with sb for sth为争取某物和某人竞争/比赛
(2)competition n．比赛；竞争
competitor n．比赛者；竞争者
competitive adj．竞争的；有竞争力的
①The two girls competed with/against each other for the first prize．
这两个女孩为争夺一等奖而竞争。
②Universities are very competitive(compete) for the best students．
大学对优等生的争夺十分激烈。
③I played an unexpected role of a judge in an English competition(compete) for kids．
我在一次少儿英语比赛中当裁判，这让我很意外。
2．Who could not take part in the ancient Olympic Games？(教材P9)
谁不能参加古代奥运会？
take part in参加
归纳拓展
take part 参加
take an active part in积极参加
play an important part in扮演重要角色；起重要作用
①He takes an active part in the social benefit activities．他积极参加社会公益活动。
②Friends play an important part in our lives．
朋友在我们的生活中起着重要的作用。
③A reception was held the other day，but few people took part．
几天前举行了一次招待会，但是参加的人不多。
3．What do the five rings on the Olympic flag stand for？(教材P9)奥运会会旗上的五环代表什么？
stand for代表；象征；支持
①I will stand for you whatever you decide to do．
无论你决定做什么我都会支持你。
归纳拓展
stand by袖手旁观；支持
stand out显眼，引人注目；突出
stand up起立；站得住脚
②You cannot stand by and allow such a thing to happen．你不能袖手旁观，听任这样的事发生。
③Her bright red hair made her stand out from the others．她那亮红色的秀发使她格外显眼。
4．He is now interviewing Li Yan，a volunteer for the 2008 Olympic Games．(教材P9)
现在他正在采访一位2008年奥运会的志愿者李燕。
interview v．&n．采访；面试；面谈
归纳拓展
interview sb about sth就某事采访某人
interview sb(for a job，etc．)对某人进行面试(或面谈)
give an interview接受采访
have/hold an interview with...和……会面
①He interviewed the Prime Minister about government policy．
他就政府政策采访了首相。
②We interviewed 20 people for the job．
我们为这份工作面试了20个人。
5．He is now interviewing Li Yan, a volunteer for the 2008 Olympic Games．(教材P9)
他现在正在采访一名叫李艳的2008年奥运会志愿者。
volunteer n． 志愿者；志愿兵 adj．志愿的；义务的 vt．& vi．自愿
①He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him．
当一位志愿搜捕员找到他时，他已走了大约一英里的路。
volunteer for/as...自愿做……
volunteer to do sth自愿/主动提出做某事
②As a volunteer，he volunteers to help(help) those people in need．
作为一名志愿者，他自愿帮助那些需要帮助的人。
③He volunteered his services as a driver．
他自愿服务充当司机。
6...．and both are held every four years on a regular basis．(教材P10)
……这两种运动会都是每四年定期举行一次。
every＋基数词＋复数名词或every＋序数词＋单数名词，表示“每多少时间/距离或每隔多少时间/距离”。
①We have a reading lesson every two days．
＝We have a reading lesson every second day．
我们每隔一天上一次阅读课。
归纳拓展
every other＋单数名词　每隔一……；每两……
every few＋复数名词　每隔几……(注意few前没有a)
②We have a slide show every other week．
我们每隔一周观看一次幻灯片。
③He stopped and turned around every few metres．
他每走几米就停下来向四周看一看。
7．Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitors．(教材P10)只有达到他们各自项目统一标准的运动员才会被接受参加奥运会。
admit vt．&vi．容许；承认；接纳
①The maid admitted that she had taken the wooden box apart．
女仆人承认是她拆开了木箱。
归纳拓展
(1)admit doing/having done sth承认做(了)某事
admit...to be/as...承认……为……
admit...to/into...准许……进入(或加入)……
(2)admission n．准许加入；承认，招认；入场费
②News came from the school office that Wang Lin had been admitted to/into Beijing University．
从学校办公室传来消息说王林被北京大学录取了。
③She was admitted as a member of the trade union．
她被接纳为工会会员。
④The man admitted having stolen(steal) a collection of valuable paintings．
这个人承认偷了一批珍贵的油画。
8．That's why they're called the Winter Olympics．(教材P10)那就是它们为什么被叫作冬季奥运会的原因。
That's why...是常用句型，意为“那就是为什么……”，其中why引导的从句在句中作表语。That有时可用It/This替换，指代上文提到的事情。
①He was ill．That's why he hasn't come．
他病了。那就是为什么他没有来的原因。
归纳拓展
(1)This/That is why...表示“这/那就是为什么”，强调结果
(2)This/That is because...表示“这/那是因为”，强调原因
(3)The reason(why...)/for...is that...“(……的)原因是……”，强调原因
②Mr Green has not come；that's because he was ill．
格林先生没有来，那是因为他病了。
③The reason why he was late was that his mother was ill．
＝The reason for his lateness was that his mother was ill．
他迟到的原因是他妈妈病了。
9．It's a great responsibility but also a great honour to be chosen．(教材P10)
被选中不仅要承担巨大的责任同时也享有极大的荣誉。
responsibility n．责任；职责
归纳拓展
(1)take responsibility for 对……负责
a sense of responsibility 责任感
It's one's responsibility to do sth做某事是某人的职责
(2) responsible adj．负责任的，对……负责的
be responsible for 对……负责
①It is your responsibility to check that all doors and windows are locked．
查看所有的门窗是否锁好是你的职责。
②My husband took full responsibility for organizing the trip．
我丈夫全权负责组织这次旅行。
③Parents need to encourage a sense of responsibility(responsible)in their children．
家长必须培养孩子们的责任感。
④Parents are responsible for their children's safety．
父母应负责子女的安全。
10．There's as much competition among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals．(教材P10)国与国之间争取奥运会承办权的竞争就跟争夺奥运奖牌一样激烈。
(1)此句运用了省略结构。句中“as much competition among countries to host the Olympics as...”为原级比较，第二个as后省略了the competition among countries。
①We have got as much as we expected．
我们得到了和我们期望的一样多的东西。
(2)“as＋形容词或副词原级＋as...”表示同级比较，意为“和……一样……”。其中第一个as是副词，第二个as是连词，常用于引导一个比较状语从句，从句中常省略与主句相同的成分。
②To build the house needs as much water as to build the road of this distance．
建造房屋需要的水与建造这么一段距离的路需要的水一样多。
③There are as many books in this bookstore as in that one．这家书店拥有和那家书店一样多的书。
④This restaurant wasn't as good as that other restaurant we went to．
这家饭店不及我们去过的另一家饭店的一半好。
11．So even the olive wreath has been replaced！(教材P10)就连橄榄枝花环也被取代了！
replace vt．取代；替换；代替
①All the old carpets need replacing．
所有的旧地毯都需要更换。
replace sb/sth取代某人/某物
replace A with/by B　用B替换A
②The super-fast transport system will replace the common train system in the future．
在未来超级高铁系统将会取代普通铁路系统。
③It's not a good idea to miss meals and replace them with/by snacks．
不吃正餐，改吃点心，这不是什么好主意。
Writing
如何写兴趣爱好类说明文
描述性说明文一般采用“总——分——总”的三段式结构。也就是说，首先要写说明的对象，然后说明原因等，最后做一个简单的总结。
说明文常用一般现在时，但也要根据具体情况分析，灵活采用恰当的时态。通常可用三段式的写作模式来布局谋篇。
①第一段，开门见山提出要解决的问题或所持的观点，或者交待清楚时间、地点、人物和主要事件等要点；
②第二段，摆出事实或列出论据，或者把事情发展的经过详细写出来；
③最后一段，得出结论或给出解决方法。
[典型句式]
★开头部分
Of all the sports, I like...best．
...is my favorite sport．
People all over the world like...
If you ask me which sport I like best...
Do you like sports?
Which sport do you like best?
Do you want to know which sport I like best?
How much do you know about...?
★陈述与主题相关的原因：
I like...because...
The reason why I like...is that...
My favorite player is...I like him/her because...
★陈述与主题相关的时间：
When I was...years old...
At the age of...I showed great interest in...
I became interested in...when I was...
I first learned to...at the age of...
★陈述支持主题的相关内容：
I often practice it...
Whenever I have time...
★结尾部分：
I become more and more...by playing...
I hope in the future I can...
I really want to be...when I grow up．
以My Favourite Sport为题目，描写自己最喜欢的体育运动。
内容包括：1．喜欢的原因；
2．自己的实际活动情况。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．参考词汇：激烈的violent；协调coordination
[写作要点]
1．第一段：介绍我最喜欢的运动是什么；
2．第二段：列举了该项体育运动的好处。
范文示例
My Favourite Sport
Sports develop discipline among students．All of us have some favourite sport or the other．My favourite sport is table tennis．I like table tennis① because it is a sport for everyone．It is not as violent as hockey or football．It keeps the players excited and nervous during the game① as it is quite fast paced．
②Playing table tennis enables you to improve your hand-eye coordination．Sometimes you will use some plans③， or else you will lose the game．It is very popular in China，making me happy and satisfied．It exercises my muscles③．In a word, table tennis is really a good sport．
亮点点评
本文开篇点题，言简意赅。描述完备合理，充分说明了我最喜欢的体育运动是什么，同时又说明了该项体育运动的好处，且过渡自然，句式合理。
①because，as等各种从句的使用使文章语言丰富。
②非谓语动词短语作主语的运用体现了作者较高的语言运用能力。
③or else，in a word等的运用使上下文过渡自然。
请根据下表信息，写一篇100词左右的英语短文介绍你最喜欢的运动。
最喜欢的运动
篮球
开始产生兴趣
9 岁，那时父亲教我怎样打
现在情况
校篮球队成员；放学后或周末打一小时
喜欢的原因
快乐；健康；交友
最喜欢的篮球明星
姚明；乔丹
【参考范文】
Basketball is my favourite sport．I first became interested in basketball at the age of nine，when my father taught me how to play basketball．Now I am a member of our school basketball team and I often play basketball for about an hour after school or on weekends．The reason why I like it so much is that it can not only bring me lots of happiness and health but also friends．My favourite basketball star is Yao Ming although I also like Jordan．
Learning about Language
Ⅰ．重点单词
1．technology n．工艺；科技；技术
2．intelligent adj．智能的；聪明的
3．explore vt．& vi．探索；探测；探究
4．download vt．下载
5．virus n．病毒
Ⅱ．核心短语
1．make use of利用
2．come true成为现实
3．as a result结果
4．give away泄露；赠送
Ⅲ．经典句式
1．By the time I was sixteen，my dream had come true．
到我十六岁的时候，我的梦想实现了。
2．The company has given its computers away to a local school．
该公司向当地一所学校捐赠了电脑。
1．As time went by I did research into how to make my radio．(教材P20)随着时间的推移，我研究如何制作我的收音机。
(1)在本句中，As time went by为as引导的时间状语从句，as引导时间状语从句时，意为“随着……，当……时”，强调主从句的谓语动作同时发生。
①As she grew older she gained in confidence．
随着年龄的增长，她的信心增强了。
②I saw him walking up to the street just as I was getting on a bus．
我正要上一辆公共汽车时，看到他向街上走去。
(2)as意为“随着”时，意思同with，但with为介词，后面不能跟从句。
③As time goes by，we all will become older．
④With time going by，we all will become older．
随着时间的流逝，我们都会变老。
2．The company has given its computers away to a local school．(教材P21)
这家公司已经把它的电脑捐赠给了当地的一所学校。
give away捐赠，赠送；泄露，暴露；颁发，分发
①They felt like they were giving away company secrets．
他们觉得自己正在泄露公司的秘密。
②The mayor gave away the prizes at the school sports day．
市长在学校运动会那天颁发了奖项。
归纳拓展
give up放弃；投降
give in (to)屈服；让步
give off 发出，放出(气味、热、光等)
give out 用完，耗尽；发出，放出(热、光等)
③This is a very special flower and it can give off a fragrant perfume at night．
这是一种特别的花，晚上它会发出芬芳的香味。
④The gas gave out on our way to the beach yesterday．
昨天在我们去海滩的路上油用完了。
现在完成时的被动语态
1．Over time I have been changed quite a lot．
2．First as a PC(personal computer)and then as a laptop，I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s．
3．Over time my memory has developed so much that，like an elephant，I never forget anything I have been told!
4．Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me．
5．I have also been put into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations．
一、现在完成时的被动语态的常用句式
肯定式
主语＋have/has been done...
否定式
主语＋have/has not been done...
一般疑问式
Have/Has＋主语＋been done...？
特殊疑问式
疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done...？
He has been admitted to the club．
他已被接纳为俱乐部成员了。
Tom's novel has not been published．
汤姆的小说还没有被出版。
Has his bike been repaired?
他的自行车修好了吗？
Who has been invited?
谁受到了邀请？
二、现在完成时的被动语态的用法
1．表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，通常与already，yet，never，recently等副词及时间状语so far，by now，up till now，since等连用。
The room has already been cleaned．
这个房间已经被打扫干净了。(现在已经不用打扫房间了)
2．表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在，并可能继续持续下去，常与for或since等引出的时间状语(从句)连用，或用于how long引出的句子中。
The machine has been repaired for two hours．
这台机器已经被修两个小时了。(可能还会继续被修)
3．用在条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已经完成的动作。
You shouldn't leave school before your homework has been finished．
在你的作业没完成之前你不应该离开学校。
三、使用现在完成时的被动语态要注意6点问题
1．与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。
The park was opened to the public last year．
去年这家公园向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去)
The park has been opened to the public．
这家公园已向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去，但对现在有影响，即现在公园已经开放了)
2．非延续性动词，如borrow，finish，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态。
The work was finished two weeks ago．
这项工作在两周前已经完成。
The work has been finished．
这项工作已经完成。
3．短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。
It is said that the problem has been looked into．
据说已经调查了这个问题。
4．只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
We have built many houses in the past ten years．
→Many houses have been built in the past ten years．
5．带有双宾语的动词，如give，send，bring，take，teach，show，tell，make，sing，write，read，sell，buy，tell，pay，lend，pass，promise等，变为被动语态时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。
We have given him the book．
→He has been given the book．
→The book has been given to him．
6．带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾补改为主语补足语。原来省略to的不定式作宾补的，被动语态中要用带to的不定式。
I have told them to help you．
→They have been told to help you．
Using Language
Ⅰ．重点单词
1．signal vi．& vt．发信号；n．信号
2．type n．类型；vt．& vi．打字
3．coach n．教练
4．arise vi．出现；发生
rise vi．上升；升起
raise vt．升起；提高；种植；饲养
5．electronic adj．电子的
electricity n．电；电学；电流
6．appearance n．外观；外貌；出现
appear vi．出现
7．character n．性格；特点
8．mop n．拖把；vt．用拖把拖；擦
9．niece n．侄女；甥女
Ⅱ．核心短语
1．signal to sb向某人发信号
2．in a way在某种程度上
3．make up编造；构成；化妆；弥补
4．with the help of在……的帮助下
5．deal with处理；安排；对付
6．watch over看守；监视
Ⅲ．经典句式
1．She programs us with all the possible moves she has seen while watching human games．她把观看人类比赛时所看到的一切可能的动作编入我们的程序。
2．Whenever she comes，I have to look after her，and sometimes help her with her homework．无论她什么时候来我都不得不照顾她，有时候帮她做家庭作业。
阅读清障
①android/'?ndrId/n．机器人
②get together聚集，召集
③striker n．前锋
④signal/'sIɡn?l/vi．& vt．发信号　n．信号
signal(to)sb to do sth示意某人做某事
⑤teammate/'timmeIt/n．同伴，伙伴
⑥shot n．击球；射门
※此处为when引导的时间状语从句。
⑦Nagoya/nɑ'ɡja/n．名古屋(日本港市)
⑧Seattle/sI'?tl/n．西雅图(美国城市)
⑨win second place赢得第二名
⑩personally/'pзs?n?lI/adv．就本人而言
※本句为主从复合句。其中that won first place为定语从句，修饰先行词the team；the team that won first place cheated为省略了that的宾语从句，作think的宾语。
?develop v．研制，开发
?type/taIp/n．类型　vt．& vi．打字
?be determined to do sth决心做某事
?in a way在某种程度上
?coach/k?t/n．教练
※本句为主从复合句。其中she has seen为定语从句，修饰先行词moves；而while watching human games在此为while引导的时间状语从句，其中省略了she is。
?arise/?'raIz/vi．(arose，arisen)出现
?make up编造；构成；化妆
※using my“artificial intelligence”为现在分词短语作方式状语。
?after all 毕竟，终归
?with the help of在……的帮助下
?electronic/Ilek'trnIk/adj．电子的
※本句为主从复合句。介词短语with the help of...anything作状语，其中which...anything为which引导的定语从句；现在分词短语using my intelligence在此作主语，what I'm...是what引导的表语从句。
原文呈现
ANDY—THE ANDROID①
I'm part of an android football team．About once a year we are allowed to get together② to play a game of football． I'm as big as a human．In fact, I look like one too．On the football team I'm a striker③ so I have to be able to run very fast．My computer chips help me to move and think like a human．For example, I have learned to signal④ to my teammates⑤ in computer language to give me the ball when I am open and have a good shot⑥ for a goal．
My first football competition was in Nagoya⑦，Japan several years ago．Last year our team went to Seattle⑧， Washington in the USA．We won second place⑨．Personally⑩，I think the team that won first place cheated．They had developed? a new type? of program just before the competition．So we need to encourage our programmer to improve our intelligence too．We are determined to? create an even better system．In a way? our programmer is like our coach?．She programs us with all the possible moves she has seen while watching human games．Then she prepares reliable moves to use if a new situation arises?．In this way I can make up? new moves using my “artificial intelligence”．I would really like to play against a human team, for I have been programmed to act just like them．After all?， with the help of? my electronic? brain which never forgets anything, using my intelligence is what I'm all about！
课文译文
机器人——安迪
我是一个机器人足球队的一员。大约每年一次，我们获准聚在一起进行一场足球比赛。我大小和(真)人一样。事实上，我看起来也很像人。我在球队中是前锋，所以我需要跑得非常快。我的电脑芯片帮助我像人一样去移动和思考。例如，当我启动的时候，我已经学会用计算机语言示意我的队友把球传给我，然后我就可以有一个漂亮的射门。
几年前我在日本的名古屋参加了我的第一场足球比赛。去年我们队去美国华盛顿州的西雅图(参加比赛)，并获得了第二名。就我个人而言，我认为获得冠军的那个球队作弊了。就在比赛前他们开发出来了一种新程序，所以我们需要鼓励我们的编程人员也提高我们的智能。我们决心创作出一个更好的系统。从某种程度上看，我们的程序员就像是我们的教练。她把观看人类比赛时所看到的一切可能的动作编入我们的程序。接着她准备好了可行的动作来应对新情况的出现。这样，我就可以用我的“人工智能”编出新的动作。我真想同人类的球队比赛，因为人们给我编程，使我能够像他们一样行动。不管怎样，在我过目不忘的电子脑的帮助下，运用智能就是我的一切。
Ⅰ．Choose the best answer according to the text．
1．From the picture，we can guess the passage is about ．
A．a basketball match between humans
B．a football match between androids
C．a football match between humans and androids
D．a basketball match between androids
答案　B
2．What part does Andy play in the team?
A．Goal keeper． B．Back．
C．Striker． D．Center．
答案　C
3．Why can the writer move and think like a human?
A．His teacher helps him move and think like a human．
B．A striker helps him move and think like a human．
C．His friends help him move and think like a human．
D．His computer chips help him to move and think like a human．
答案　D
4．Where did the writer's first football competition happen?
A．In Japan． B．In Seattle．
C．In Washington． D．In the United States．
答案　A
5．What does the writer hope to do?
A．He hopes to travel like a human．
B．He hopes to play against a national team．
C．He hopes to play against a human team．
D．He hopes to play against a robot team．
答案　C
Ⅱ．True (T) or False (F)．
1．The androids can often play games together．(F)
2．I am a striker，so I have to be able to run very fast．(T)
3．In the game，I need to speak to my teammates in English．(F)
4．Our team won second place in the match last year in Seattle．(T)
5．I disagreed to the result of the match．(T)
1．For example，I have learned to signal to my teammates in computer language to give me the ball when I am open and have a good shot for a goal．(教材P23)例如，当我的前面没有人防守，有机会射一个好球时，我已经学会了用计算机语言向队友示意把球传给我。
signal vt．& vi．发信号；发暗号；示意　n．信号；暗号
①Her speech yesterday was a signal that her views have changed．
她昨天的讲话标志着她的观点已经转变。
归纳
拓展
(1)signal(to)sb to do sth示意某人做某事
signal(sb)that示意……
signal sth to sb向某人示意……
(2)traffic signals 交通信号灯
②The diner signaled (to) the waiters to bring(bring) the menu．
用餐者示意服务员把菜单拿来。
③She signaled the other girls that everything was all right．
她对其他女孩发信号说一切正常。
④A red light is a danger signal, which is even known to a five-year-old child．红灯是危险的信号，这一点就连五岁的孩子都知道。
2．In a way our programmer is like our coach．(教材P23)从某种程度上看，我们的程序员就像是我们的教练。
in a way在某种程度上，从某种意义上说
归纳
拓展
in the way妨碍
on the/one's way (to) 在(去……)的路上
by the way顺便提一下，顺便说一下
all the way自始至终；一路上
in this way用这种方法
①Don't stand in the way．Move aside and let me pass．
不要挡着路，靠边点让我过去。
②By the way，what do you think about this team?
顺便说一下，你认为这个队怎么样？
③Even if I have to walk all the way，I'll get there．
即使我要一路步行，我也要到达那里。
3．She programs us with all the possible moves she has seen while watching human games．(教材P23)她把观看人类比赛时所看到的一切可能的动作编入我们的程序。
(1)句中的while watching human games为时间状语从句的省略形式，完整形式应为while she was watching human games。
①While (I was) waiting，I was reading some magazines．
我一边看杂志，一边等。
(2)当时间、条件等状语从句的主语为it，或者与主句的主语一致，并且从句的谓语含有be(连系动词be，进行时态的be和被动语态的be)时，从句的主语和be经常一起省略。
②When(it is)heated(heat)，ice can be changed into water．
冰加热时变成水。
③I won't go to her party even if (I am)invited(invite)．
即使受到邀请我也不去参加她的聚会。
4．Then she prepares reliable moves to use if a new situation arises．(教材P23)然后她把我在新情况下能用得上的可靠动作(也)准备好。
arise vi．(arose，arisen)发生，出现，产生；起身，起立
arise from/out of由……而引起；由……而产生；从……中产生
①Accidents often arise from/out of carelessness．
事故往往由粗心引起的。
②At break，Mr．Green got down to dealing with the matters arising(arise)from his class．在休息时，格林先生开始处理他班上所发生的事情。
5．After all，with the help of my electronic brain which never forgets anything，using my intelligence is what I'm all about！(教材P23)不管怎样，在我过目不忘的电子脑的帮助下，运用智能就是我的一切！
after all毕竟；别忘了；终究；终于
①It has turned out to be a nice day after all．
天气终于转晴了。
归纳
拓展
above all 尤其重要的是；最重要的是
all in all 总的说来
in all 总计
not at all根本不
②You shouldn't have blamed him at all．He is a little child after all．Above all，he made only two mistakes in all．
你根本不该责怪他，毕竟他还是个小孩子；更重要的是，他总共才出了两处错。
[名师点津]　after all可置于句首或句末。导出原因或提醒人们一个事实时，通常置于句首，译成“毕竟；别忘了”；置于句末时，含有与预料的情况相反的意思，译成“结果，终究”。
6．This means that it should clean the house，mop the floors，cook the dinner and deal with telephone calls．(教材P24)
这意味着它应该清理房子，擦地，煮饭和处理电话。
deal with处理；对付；涉及
①Deal with a man as he deals with you．
(谚)以其人之道，还治其人之身。
②His latest book deals with the problem of children's safety at school．他最近的一本书涉及孩子们在学校的安全问题。
[易混辨析]　deal with/do with
deal with
作“处理，对待”讲时，常与how连用
do with
作“处理，对待”讲时，常与what连用
[即学即用]　选用以上短语填空
③They know how to deal with the problem．
④What have you done with the old typewriter?
7．It should also watch over my naughty niece，who comes to my house very often．(教材P24)它也应该看护我那淘气的外甥女，她经常到我家来。
watch over看守；监视；守护；照管
①He asked me to watch over his pet while he was on business．
当他出差时，他让我照看他的宠物。
②They use trained dogs to watch over their sheep at night．
夜间他们用训练过的狗看守羊群。
watch for观察；等待
watch out(for)当心；提防
③We have to watch out for fast traffic along here．
我们要当心这里快递的车流。
Unit 3　Computers
?转化
total adj．总的；整个的→n．总数；合计
signal vi．&vt．发信号→n．信号
?派生
名词后缀：-or，-tion，-ity
calculate vt．计算→calculator n．计算器
operate v．操作；运转→operator n．(电脑)操作员；接线员→operation n．操作；手术；运转
real adj．真的；真实的→reality n．真实；事实；现实
副词后缀：-ly
total n．总数；合计 adj．总的；整个的→totally adv．完全地；整个地
动词后缀：-ify
simple adj．简单的；容易的；朴素的→simplify vt．简化
?合成
any(任何)＋how(怎样)→anyhow adv．(也作anyway)无论如何；即使如此
down(向下)＋load(负荷)→download vt．下载
在中国，传统的红包只出现在春节和婚礼上。2014年中国春节首发微信红包。数据显示，2016春节期间，超过4亿人送出或接收大约80亿个红包。
In China，cash gifts are traditionally given in real red envelopes during weddings and the Chinese New Year．The WeChat red envelope was launched during the 2014 Chinese New Year with a stipulation(规定)that the amount should be less than 200 yuan．Figures from Tencent Holdings Ltd．(腾讯控股有限公司)show that during that festival period，about 8 million users snapped up 40 million red envelopes．
For example，if a person in a WeChat group of 10 sends 100 yuan as a gift and says any one can have a maximum of 20 yuan，the first five to “grab”get the money while the other four miss out．
Red envelopes add a sense of atmosphere and strengthen interaction．The amount everybody gets could be different，so it is funny to see the comparisons．
During the 2016 Chinese New Year's Eve，more than 420 million people gave or received the envelopes and about 8 billion red envelopes were sent out that day，eight times the figure for the last year's eve．
The WeChat red envelope is an innovative(有创意的)way for people to send greetings．It also gets people into the habit of using WeChat payment，because you need to link it to your bank account．
For Internet companies，functions such as WeChat payment are an important part of the whole Internet ecosystem，as many other functions such as hailing taxis or shopping are based on online payment．
词海拾贝
1．maximum n．最大限度；最大量
2．a sense of...一种……感　　3．strengthen v．加强
4．more than 多于，不仅仅 5．figure n．数字
Warming Up & Reading
Ⅰ．重点单词
1．calculate vt．计算
2．universal adj．普遍的；通用的；宇宙的
3．simplify vt．简化
simple adj．简单的
4．operator n．(电脑)操作员；接线员
5．logical adj．合逻辑的；合情理的
logically adv．逻辑上；合逻辑地；有条理地
6．technology n．工艺；科技；技术
technological adj．科技的
7．revolution n．革命
8．artificial adj．人造的；假的
9．intelligence n．智力；聪明；智能
intelligent adj．智能的；聪明的
10．solve vt．解决；解答
11．reality n．真实；事实；现实
real adj．真实的
12．personal adj．私人的；个人的；亲自的
personally adv．就个人而言；亲自
13．total adj．总的；整个的；n．总数；合计
totally adv．完全地；整个地
14．application n．应用；用途；申请
15．finance n．金融；财经
16．mobile adj．可移动的；机动的
17．explore vt．& vi．探索；探测；探究
explorer n．探险家；勘探者
exploration n．探索
18．anyhow adv．(也作anyway)无论如何；即使如此
19．goal n．目标；目的；球门；(进球)得分
20．happiness n．幸福；快乐
happy adj．快乐的；高兴的
Ⅱ．核心短语
1．have...in common 有共同之处
2．compare...with ... 把……与……相比
3．from...on从……时起
4．go by走过；经过
5．as a result结果
6．share sth with sb与某人分享某物
7．as well as也；和；既……又……
8．provide sb with sth为某人提供某物
Ⅲ．经典句式
1．I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage．我发育缓慢，差不多到了两百年之后，查尔斯·巴比奇才把我制成了一台分析机。
2．As time went by，I was made smaller．随着时间的推移，我被制造得更小了。
3．Anyhow，my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality．不管怎样，我的目标是为人类提供高质量的生活。
4．I am now truly filled with happiness that I am a devoted friend and helper of the human race!现在我充满了幸福感，我是人类忠实的朋友和帮助者！
阅读清障
①calculate/'k?lkjleIt/vt．计算
calculator/'k?lkjleIt?/n．计算器
calculation n．[C，U]计算
②simplify/'sImplIfaI/vt．简化
③sum/sm/n．总数；算术题；金额
a sum of money一笔钱
④program/'pr?ɡr?m/v．编写程序 n．程序
programmer/'pr?ɡr?m?/n．编程人员
⑤operator/'p?reIt?/n．(电脑)操作员
⑥logically/'ldIklI/adv．逻辑上
logical/'ldIkl/adj．合逻辑的；合情理的
⑦technological/tekn?'ldIkl/adj．科技的
technology/tek'nl?dI/n．工艺；科技
technological advances科技进步
⑧revolution/rev?'lun/n．革命
technological revolution技术革命
⑨artificial/ɑtI'fIl/adj．人造的；假的
⑩intelligence/In'telId?ns/n．智力；聪明
artificial intelligence 人工智能
?solve/slv/vt．解决；解答
?mathematical/m?θ?'m?tIkl/adj．数学的
※Alan Turing是my real father的同位语；how引导的从句作介词about的宾语。动词不定式短语to solve作定语，修饰“universal machine”。
?reality/rI'?l?tI/n．真实；事实；现实
in reality事实上，实际上
※as引导的时间状语从句。
?personal/'pзs?nl/adj．私人的；个人的
personally/'pзs?n?lI/adv．就个人而言
?tube/tjub/n．管；管子；电子管
?transistor/tr?n'zIst?/n．晶体管
?as a result结果
?totally/'t?tlI/adv．完全地；整个地
total/'t?tl/adj．总的；整个的　n．总数
in total＝in all总计；合计
※本句为主从复合句。so...that引导结果状语从句，其中I have been told为省略了关系词的定语从句，修饰先行词anything。
?network/'netwзk/n．网络；网状物
※本句为主从复合句。until引导时间状语从句。在主句中，现在分词短语在句中作状语；在从句中，过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰a family。
?web/web/n．网
application/?plI'keIn/n．应用；用途
finance/'faIn?ns/n．金融；财经
financial adj．金融的；财政的
mobile/'m?baIl/adj．可移动的；机动的
rocket/'rkIt/n．火箭
explore/Ik'spl/vt．&vi．探索；探测
anyhow/'enIha/adv．(也作anyway)无论如何；即使如此
goal/g?l/n．目标；目的；球门
※to provide...为不定式短语作表语。
happiness/'h?pInIs/n．幸福；快乐
a devoted friend一个忠实的朋友
原文呈现
WHO AM I?
Over time I have been changed quite a lot．I began as a calculating① machine in France in 1642．Although I was young I could simplify② difficult sums③．I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage．After I was programmed④ by an operator⑤ who used cards with holes, I could “think”logically⑥ and produce an answer quicker than any person．At that time it was considered a technological⑦ revolution⑧ and the start of my “artificial⑨ intelligence⑩”．In 1936 my real father, Alan Turing, wrote a book about how I could be made to work as a“universal machine”to solve? any difficult mathematical? problem．From then on, I grew rapidly both in size and in brainpower．By the 1940s I had grown as large as a room, and I wondered if I would grow any larger．However, this reality? also worried my designers．As time went by，I was made smaller．First as a PC (personal? computer) and then as a laptop, I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s．
These changes only became possible as my memory improved．First it was stored in tubes?，then on transistors? and later on very small chips．As a result? I totally? changed my shape．As I have grown older I have also grown smaller．Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told！And my memory became so large that even I couldn't believe it！But I was always so lonely standing there by myself, until in the early 1960s they gave me a family connected by a network?．I was able to share my knowledge with others through the World Wide Web?．
Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me．I have become very important in communication，finance and trade．I have also been put into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations．I have even been put into space rockets and sent to explorethe Moon and Mars．Anyhow，my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality．I am now truly filled with happiness that I am a devoted friend and helper of the human race!
,
课文译文
我是谁？
随着时间的推移我已经被改变了很多。1642年我在法国诞生时是一台计算机器。虽然我很年轻，但我能把复杂的算术简单化。我发育缓慢，差不多到了两百年之后，查尔斯·巴比奇才把我制成了一台分析机。在操作员用穿孔卡为我设计程序之后，我能够进行逻辑“思考”，并且能够比任何人更快地算出答案。那时这被当作是一次技术革命，也是我“人工智能”的开始。在1936年，我真正的父亲，艾伦·图灵写了一本书，讲述了怎样能使我成为一台“通用机器”来解决任何数学难题。从那时起，在体积和智能方面我都快速发展。到20世纪40年代，我已经变得像一间房屋那样大了，我不知道我是否还会再变得更大。然而，这个现实也使我的设计者们担心。随着时间的推移，我被制造得更小了。自从20世纪70年代以来，我一直被用于办公室和家庭，开始时是作为个人电脑，后来作为笔记本电脑。
随着我的记忆能力的提高，这些变化才成为可能。最初是被存储到电子管上，以后是晶体管上，后来是非常小的芯片上。结果我的形状完全改变了。随着年龄的增长，我变得更小了。随着时间的推移，我的记忆能力发展得如此之快，就像一头大象一样，我从来不会忘记告诉我的任何事情！我的记忆能力变得如此之大，以至于我自己都不敢相信！但我总是孤孤单单地独自站在那里，直到20世纪60年代初期，他们才给了我一个用网络连成的家。我能够通过万维网和其他人分享我的知识。
20世纪70年代以来，我又被开发出了很多新的用途。在通讯、金融和贸易方面我变得非常重要。人们还把我放到机器人里，用于制造手机和辅助医疗手术。我甚至已经被安装在航天火箭里去探索月球和火星。不管怎样，我的目标就是为人类提供高质量的生活。能成为人类忠实的朋友和助手我现在真的很高兴！
Ⅰ．Match the main idea with each paragraph．
Para．1(C) A．These changes only became possible as my memory improved．
Para．2(B) B．Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me．
Para．3(A) C．Over time I have been changed quite a lot．
Ⅱ．True (T) or False (F)．
1．Alan Turing built an Analytical Machine to solve any mathematical problems．(F)
2．People began to realize that the computer got cleverer and quicker with time passing．(T)
3．The computer began to serve the human race since it was brought into people's homes．(F)
4．Since the 1970s，the computer was used by people around the world through the Internet．(T)
5．The larger the computer is，the more memory it has．(F)
1．I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage．(教材P18)我发展得很缓慢，差不多到了200年之后，查尔斯·巴比奇才把我制成了一台分析机。
before引导时间状语从句时可以根据语境译作“过了……(时间)才……”，“还没来得及……就……”和“在……之前”。
①Three weeks went by before she realized her mistakes．
三周过去了，她才意识到自己的错误。
归纳
拓展
(1)It was＋时间段＋before...过了……才……，从句常用一般过去时
(2)It was not long before...不久就……，从句常用一般过去时
(3)It won't be long before...不久就会……，从句常用一般现在时
(4)It will be＋时间段＋before...要过……才……，从句常用一般现在时
②It didn't take long before the fire was under control．
不久火势就被控制住了。
③It will be ten years before we see each other．
要过十年我们才能彼此相见。
④It won't be long before we get used to the new school life．
不久我们就会习惯新的学校生活。
2．In 1936 my real father，Alan Turing，wrote a book about how I could be made to work as a“universal machine”to solve any difficult mathematical problem．(教材P18)
在1936年，我真正的父亲艾伦·图灵写了一本书，讲述了怎样使我成为一台“通用机器”来解决任何数学难题。
solve v．解决，解答
①If we all work hard，this problem can be solved in the future．
如果我们都努力工作，这个问题在将来能解决。
归纳
拓展
(1)solve a problem 解决一个问题
(2)solution n．解决办法；答案
the solution to...……的解决办法
②The new manager was trying to find a solution to the problem．
这位新经理正在试图找到问题的解决办法。
3．From then on，I grew rapidly both in size and in brainpower．(教材P18)
从那时起，我在体积和脑容量方面迅速成长。
from...on从……时起
归纳
拓展
from now on 从今以后
from then on 从那时起
from that day on 从那天起
①Please be more careful when you cross the street from now on．
从今以后你过马路时要更加小心。
②From that day on，the ending of the missing Amber Room remains a mystery．
从那天起，丢失的琥珀屋的结局仍是一个谜。
4．As a result I totally changed my shape．(教材P18)
因此，我完全改变了形状。
as a result因此；结果(后跟句子)
归纳
拓展
as a result of由于；作为……的结果
without result毫无结果地
result from...由……产生(后跟原因)
result in...导致；结果(后跟结果)
①As a result of automobile pollution，the air quality in most major cities has been lowered．
由于汽车污染，各主要城市的空气质量有所降低。
②Let us hope that peace will result from our talks．
让我们期望，我们的会谈会带来和平。
③The game resulted in another victory for our team．
那场比赛为我们队带来了又一次胜利。
[名师点津]　as a result单独使用作状语，多位于句首，用逗号隔开；as a result of引起表示原因的短语，位于句首或句末。
5．And my memory became so large that even I couldn't believe it！(教材P18)
我的存储容量变得如此巨大，连我自己都不敢相信！
(1)句中so...that...表示“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。其中so是副词，常用来修饰形容词或副词。
归纳
拓展
so＋adj．/adv．＋that...
so＋adj．＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋that...
so＋many/few/much/little(少)＋可数名词复数/不可数名词＋that...
①The box is so heavy that I can't lift it．
这个箱子太重了，我拎不起来。
②There was so much snow on the road that the cars couldn't move fast．
路上雪太多，汽车难以跑快。
③There was so little time left that we must hurry．
时间不多了，我们必须快一点。
(2)在“so...that...”结构中，当位于句首时，其所在的句子要部分倒装。
④So hot a day was it that they all went swimming．
天气非常热，他们都去游泳了。
6．Anyhow，my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality．(教材P18)
不管怎样，我的目标是给人类提供高质量的生活。
anyhow adv．不管怎样，无论如何
①I can see as well as you，anyhow．
不管怎么说，我看得和你一样清楚。
[易混辨析]　anyhow/somehow
anyhow(＝
anyway)
意为“无论如何；即使如此”等，可以放在句首、句末或者句中
somehow
意为“以某种方式；不知怎么地；不知为什么”，表示某种未知的原因
[即学即用]　选用以上单词填空
②Anyhow I disagree with her．
③He was nervous somehow．
Writing
如何写想象性作文
这类写作没有固定的结构或格式，内容也不受限制，你需要放飞想象的翅膀，可以对你理想中的未来事物的形态、构造、性质、功能等进行大胆的设想，并进行科学的描述。
[典型句式]
★引入：首先引出你要写的事物。
...plays a very important role in our daily life．
...is of great importance/help/use in our daily life．
★陈述背景知识，介绍它什么时候产生，以及至今为止有哪些主要发展阶段。
Since the earliest times...
The history of...goes back to...
Over...years ago...
By the beginning of this century...
After this...
★目前的状况
Recently, there has been renewed interest in...
Recent developments in this field include...
Other exciting developments have been...
★前景
Many experts predict that...
Some forecasts predict that...
The field of...has enormous potential．
★结论
总结要点，再次强调它为什么那么吸引人，引人关注。
In conclusion...
Thus, it can be concluded that...
Obviously, we can draw the conclusion that...
假定你设计出了一款机器人——家用机器人，请你介绍一下其主要功能。可参考下面的内容：
1．可以在固定的时间做饭，做饭的时间可以根据个人需要进行调整；
2．可以陪老人聊天，下棋，做运动等；
3．及时处理突发事件，例如在老人突然病倒及时拨打求救电话等。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．内容可适当发挥，注意行文连贯。
[写作要点]
第一段：开篇点题总领全文，引出写作的话题与内容。
第二段：分别进行细节描述，介绍了每一种具体情况。
最后一段：总结全文。
范文示例
Here is a new type of robot—the household robot．
It can help us in many ways．①Firstly, it can take care of the old people when we are away and can also accompany the old people in having a chat, playing chess, and doing exercises．②Secondly, it can cook meals at a fixed time which can be adjusted according to individual needs．③Thirdly, it is very easy to deal with emergencies．④For example, if an old man falls ill all of a sudden, all at once the robot will call doctors for help．
In a word, it would be of great help for you if you own such a robot．,
亮点点评
亮点一：本文想象合理，段落层次分明，语句运用通顺，结构完整，句与句之间使用了恰当的连接成分，段与段之间过渡自然，是一篇很好的习作。
亮点二：通过使用连接词firstly(句①)，secondly(句②)，thirdly(句③)使机器人的功能介绍条理化，层次分明，使人一目了然。
亮点三：通过适时举例(句④)来解释机器人的第三个功能形象具体，更有助于人们对家用机器人的了解。
假设你叫李华，老师让你们想象未来的汽车是什么样子，根据下面的内容写一篇英语短文。
1．将来由于每个家庭都有了自己的汽车，城市的交通成了一个大问题。因此，我想未来的汽车应该是小型的。
2．将来的汽车每小时行驶大约65千米，避免造成交通事故。
3．这种汽车适合在城市里使用，但不适合做长途旅行，因此大型的汽车还要存在。
4．为了适应这两种汽车并存，将来需要有两种不同的公路。
注意：词数100左右。
【参考范文】
The Cars in the Future
In the future with every family having their own cars, traffic is becoming a big problem．
Therefore, I think there will be little cars in the future, whose size may be one third of today's cars' size．If everyone drives little cars in the future, there will be less pollution in the air．And the streets will be less crowded．The little cars can go about 65 kilometers per hour to avoid traffic accidents．This kind of car is only used in the city, but not fit for long trips．So there will also be big cars．And we will have two different kinds of roads for the two different kinds of cars．
Learning about Language
Ⅰ．重点单词
1．powerful adj．强有力的，力量大的
2．hunt vt．打猎，狩猎
3．disappear v．消失
4．bite vt．& vi．叮；咬；刺痛
Ⅱ．核心短语
1．in space在太空
2．go down下降
3．run after追捕；追逐；追求
4．as usual像往常一样
5．pick out 挑选出，拣出；区别出；辨别出
Ⅲ．经典句式
After a while she saw some zebra with black and white lines going beneath their stomachs．
过了一会儿她看到了一些斑马，它们身上有从上一直延伸到腹部的黑白相间的条纹。
What should you do if you are being bitten by mosquitoes？(教材P29)
如果你正在被蚊子叮咬，你应该做什么？
bite vt．&vi．(bit，bitten)咬；叮；刺痛
bite＋sb＋介词＋the＋身体部位 咬/叮某人的某部位
①The dog bit the thief in the leg．
那只狗咬了小偷的腿。
②Once bitten(bite)，twice shy．
一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。(谚)
[名师点津]　“咬某人的腿”表示为bite sb in the leg，即bite＋人＋介词(in/on)＋the＋部位。类似表达还有：打某人的脸hit sb in the face；拍某人的头/肩膀pat sb on the head/shoulder。
现在进行时的被动语态
1．We are being killed for the wool beneath our stomachs．
2．Our fur is being used to make sweaters for people like you．
3．I wonder what is being done to help you．
4．So good things are being done here to save local wildlife．
一、构成
形式
结构
肯定形式
主语＋be(am，is，are)＋being＋done
否定形式
主语＋be(am，is，are)＋not＋being＋done
一般
疑问式
be(am，is，are)＋主语＋being＋done
特殊
疑问式
特殊疑问词＋be(am，is，are)＋主语＋being＋done
二、用法
1．表示此刻正在进行的被动动作。
She is being examined by a doctor．
她正在接受医生的检查。
2．表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作，但此动作在此时此刻不一定发生。
A new station is being built．
一个新的车站正在建设中。
3．表示经常性的被动行为，常与always，constantly 等词连用。
He is always being praised by the teacher．
他总是被老师表扬。
4．与部分情态动词连用，表示对正在发生的动作的推测。
He may be being scolded by his father at the very moment．
此刻他也许正被他父亲责骂。
三、注意事项
1．不及物动词(短语)、非延续性动词、表示存在意义/所属关系/静态特征的动词以及系动词不用于现在进行时的被动语态。
这本书是他的。
[误]The book is being belonged to him．
[正]The book belongs to him．
2．一些表示状态、心理活动、拥有、存在等的动词，如have，want，need，like，realize等，一般不用于进行时的被动语态，而常用一般现在时的被动语态表示此时此刻或目前主语正在承受谓语动词表示的动作。
玛丽，过来，有你的电话。
[误]Mary，come here．You're being wanted on the phone．
[正]Mary，come here．You're wanted on the phone．
3．“be＋in/on/under等＋名词”结构可表示现在进行时的被动语态的含义。
The bridge is under repair/construction(＝is being repaired/constructed)．
大桥正在建设中。
Using Language
Ⅰ．重点单词
1．inspect vt．检查；视察
2．unexpected adj．没料到的；意外的
expect v．期待
3．incident n．事件；事变
4．dust n．灰尘；尘土；尘埃
dusty adj．布满灰尘的
5．fierce adj．凶猛的；猛烈的
6．ending n．结局；结尾
end n．& v．结束
Ⅱ．核心短语
1．come into being形成；产生
2．a number of许多；大量的
3．used to过去常常
4．according to按照；根据……所说
5．so that 以致于；结果
Ⅲ．经典句式
1．They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago，long before humans came into being and their future seemed secure at that time．
千百万年前，它们(恐龙)就在地球上生活，比人类的出现要早得多，当时他们的前景似乎很安全。
2．When scientists inspected the bones，they were surprised to find that these dinosaurs could not only run like the others but also climb trees．
当科学家们观察这些骨头时，惊奇地发现这些恐龙不仅像其他恐龙一样可以跑，而且还可以爬树。
3．They learned this from the way the bones were joined together．
他们是根据恐龙骨骼的连接方式来得出这种判断的。
4．It is a pity that in the story nobody helped the dodo．
很遗憾在故事中没有人帮助渡渡鸟。
阅读清障
①extinction/Ik'stI?kn/n．灭绝；消亡
extinct adj．不再存在的；已灭绝的
②dinosaur/'daIn?s/n．恐龙
③come into being形成；产生，相当于come into existence，无被动语态。
④a number of许多(后接可数名词的复数形式)
a great/large number of tourists大量的游客
⑤inspect/In'spekt/vt．检查；视察(指上级对下级的检查或视察)
⑥be surprised to do sth做某事很吃惊
※that引导的宾语从句，作find的宾语；其中含有not only...but also...结构。
※the bones...together为省略了关系词that的定语从句，修饰先行词the way。
⑦die out灭亡；逐渐消失(为不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态)
⑧unexpected/nIk'spektId/adj．没料到的；意外的
⑨incident/'InsId?nt/n．事件；事变
incident指某事件附带产生的小事件或事变；accident指意外事故。
⑩dust/dst/n．灰尘；尘土；尘埃
dusty adj．布满灰尘的
?live on继续活着；继续存在
?for sure肯定；无疑(＝for certain)，在句中作状语。
※此处为why和how共同引导的宾语从句，作knows的宾语。
?according to按照；根据……所说(介词短语，后常跟名词或动名词作宾语)
?some adv．大约，用于数词前，相当于about。
※in the last 500 years为介词短语，在句中作时间状语。
原文呈现
ANIMAL EXTINCTION①
Many animals have disappeared during the long history of the earth．The most famous of these animals are dinosaurs②．They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago, long before humans came into being③and their future seemed secure at that time．There were many different kinds of dinosaur and a number of④ them used to live in China．The eggs of twenty-five species have been found in Xixia County, Nanyang, Henan Province．Not long ago a rare new species of bird-like dinosaur was discovered in Chaoyang County, Liaoning Province．When scientists inspected⑤ the bones, they were surprised to find⑥that these dinosaurs could not only run like the others but also climb trees．They learned this from the way the bones were joined together．
Dinosaurs died out⑦suddenly about 65 million years ago．Some scientists think it came after an unexpected⑧incident⑨when a huge rock from space hit the earth and put too much dust⑩into the air．Others think the earth got too hot for the dinosaurs to live on?any more．Nobody knows for sure?why and how dinosaurs disappeared from the earth in such a short time．
We know many other wild plants, animals, insects and birds have died out more recently． According to?a UN report, some?844 animals and plants have disappeared in the last 500 years．The dodo is one of them．It lived on the Island of Mauritius and was a very friendly animal．Please listen to a story of the dodo and how it disappeared from the earth．
课文译文
动物灭绝
在地球漫长的历史中，许多动物都消失了。这些动物中最著名的就是恐龙。数千万年前，恐龙在地球上生活，比人类的出现要早得多，那时，它们的未来似乎是安全的。恐龙有许多不同的种类，其中有很多曾生活在中国。25个种类的恐龙蛋是在河南省南阳西峡县发现的。不久前，在辽宁省朝阳县发现了一种罕见的、形状像鸟的新的恐龙物种。当科学家们观察它们的骨头时，他们惊奇地发现它们不仅能像其他恐龙一样可以跑，而且还可以爬树。他们是从恐龙骨头的连接方式上得知这一点的。
大约6 500万年前，恐龙突然灭绝了。一些科学家认为恐龙灭绝是发生在一次意外事件之后，当时太空中的一块巨石撞击地球，在空气中扬起了太多的灰尘。另一些科学家则认为，地球变得太热了，恐龙无法再(在地球上)继续活下去了。没有人确切地知道恐龙是为什么又是如何在那么短的时间内从地球上消失的。
我们知道最近有许多其他的野生植物、动物、昆虫和鸟类已经灭绝了。根据联合国的一份报告，在过去的500年里，大约有844种动植物已经消失了，渡渡鸟就是其中的一种。渡渡鸟生活在毛里求斯岛上，是一种非常友好的动物。请听一个关于渡渡鸟的故事，看看它是如何从地球上消失的。
Ⅰ．Choose the best answer according to the text．
1．According to the passage，what can we know about the dinosaurs?
A．Dinosaurs were once the kindest animals on the earth．
B．They lived on the earth together with humans．
C．They died out for some unknown reasons．
D．It was the temperature that caused them to die out．
答案　C
2．The bird-like dinosaurs were discovered in ．
A．Xixia County，Nanyang，Henan Province
B．Chaoyang County，Liaoning Province
C．Xixia County，Nanyang，Liaoning Province
D．Chaoyang County，Henan Province
答案　B
3．How did scientists know that the bird-like dinosaurs could run as well as climb trees?
A．By studying their eggs．
B．By studying their teeth．
C．By studying their bones．
D．By guessing only．
答案　C
Ⅱ．True (T) or False (F)．
1．Most animals have died out during the long history of the earth．(F)
2．Dinosaurs are the most famous of the animals that have disappeared．(T)
3．There used to be many different kinds of dinosaurs on the earth．(T)
4．A rare species of bird-like dinosaur could both run and climb trees．(T)
5．Now people know the reason why dinosaurs suddenly disappeared．(F)
1．They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago，long before humans came into being and their future seemed secure at that time．(教材P30)
千百万年前，恐龙就在地球上生活，比人类的出现要早得多，而且当时他们的前景似乎很安全。
(1)long before在……之前很久，该短语后可以接句子、名词、代词，也可以单独使用，在句中作状语。
①I knew Betty long before you got married to her．
早在你和贝蒂结婚之前，我就认识她了。
(2)long before容易与before long混淆，后者意为“不久，很快”，相当于after a short period of time，在句中作状语，常与一般将来时或一般过去时连用。
②Before long she returned to the city where she lived long before．
很快她回到了很久之前她生活过的那个城市。
come into being形成；产生
③No one knows when the world came into being．
没有人知道世界是何时形成的。
归纳
拓展
come into existence 形成；产生；开始存在
come into effect 开始生效；开始实施
come into use 开始被使用
come into power 上台执政
④That method has only recently come into use．
那种方法只是最近才开始使用的。
⑤The Labour Party came into power in 1945．
工党于1945年上台执政。
⑥When did the universe come into existence?
宇宙是什么时候开始存在的？
2．According to a UN report，some 844 animals and plants have disappeared in the last 500 years．(教材P30)根据联合国的一份报告，在过去500年里，大约有844种动植物消失。
according to 按照，根据……所说
归纳
拓展
(1)according to其后可接名词、代词或what从句
(2)according to用来引出来自他人或他处的消息，不能与me或my opinion连用；表示自己的观点用in my opinion，意为“依我看”
①According to expert opinions，they gave up the experiment immediately．
根据专家们的意见，他们马上放弃了这项试验。
②According to these figures，our company is doing well．
从这些数字来看，我们的公司经营得不错。
3．We decided to form a band so that we could earn some extra money by playing and singing in a pub．(教材P36)
我们决定组成一个乐队，这样我们就可以在酒吧里演唱额外多赚一些钱。
①He didn't plan his time well，so that he didn't finish his work on time．
他没有把时间计划好，结果没有按时完成这项工作。
(1)so that引导目的状语从句，意为“为了；目的是……”，相当于in order that，从句中常使用can/could/may/might/will/would/should等情态动词，从句之前不用逗号。
②I spend more time learning English every day so that(＝in order that)I can make greater progress this year．
为了今年取得更大进步，我每天用了更多的时间学英语。
(2)so that引导结果状语从句，意为“因此；所以”，从句中一般不用情态动词，从句前常有逗号。
③She had not planned her time well，so that she did not finish her homework on time．
她没把时间计划好，所以没按时完成家庭作业。
Unit 4　Wildlife protection
?转化
harm n．损害；危害→vt．损害；危害
?派生
否定前缀：de-increase n．增加，增大，增长 v．增加→decrease n．减少，减少的数量 v．减少
名词后缀：-ment，-er，-ee
employ vt．雇用，利用→employment n．雇用，使用→employer n．雇用者，雇主→employee n．受雇者，雇工
动词后缀：-en
threat n．恐吓，凶兆，威胁→threaten vt．&vi．恐吓
形容词后缀：-ful，-less
success n．成功，成就→successful adj．成功的
harm vt．&n．危害，损害→harmful adj．有害的→harmless adj．没有损害的
?合成
wild(野外的)＋life(生命)→wildlife n．野生动植物
如何保护濒危动物？且看本文为你支招。
Around the world, habitats are being destroyed at an alarming rate，which puts many wildlife species in danger of extinction．Threatened and endangered wildlife lives throughout the globe and you're likely to find some in your own backyard． To protect endangered animals, think both globally and locally．
Find out what animals living near you are listed on the endangered species list． Spend some time learning about the animals and what their preferred habitat is．
Contribute to nature reserves and other wilderness areas．Habitat preservation is one of the best ways to help protect endangered animals． You can donate money or volunteer your time helping the nature reserve preserve habitats．
Buy environmentally friendly goods．Choose non-toxic cleaners and lawn care items that won't pollute streams, rivers or oceans．Avoid any products that have been made from threatened or endangered animals．Buy foods and goods that are made from materials that do not harm endangered animals or their habitat．For example, look for organic chocolate, coffee or cotton clothing that is grown without cutting down rainforests or destroying habitats．
Create or restore habitats for endangered animals．You can volunteer to help with projects worldwide designed to reestablish habitats．In your own backyard, plant a butterfly garden, use native plants and trees and let “wild” areas grow to provide habitats and food．
词海拾贝
1．in danger of 处于……的危险中
2．protect v．保护　　　3．find out 找出；查明
4．contribute to 为……作贡献
5．reserve n．保护区 6．cut down 减少
Warming Up & Reading
Ⅰ．重点单词
1．protection n．保护
protect v．保护
2．decrease vi．&vt．减少；(使)变小；或变少
3．reserve n．保护区
4．hunt vt．& vi．打猎；猎取；搜寻
5．respond vi．回答；响应；做出反应
response n．回答；响应
6．distant adj．远的；远处的
distance n．远方；距离
7．mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；怜悯
merciful adj．仁慈的；慈悲的；宽容的
8．certain adj．确定的；某一；一定
9．importance n．重要(性)
important adj．重要的
10．contain vt．包含；容纳；容忍
11．powerful adj．强大的；有力的
power n．力量
12．affect vt．影响；感动；侵袭
13．appreciate vt．鉴赏；感激；意识到
14．succeed vi．成功；vt．接替；继任
success n．成功
successful adj．成功的
15．employ vt．雇用；利用(时间、精力等)
employee n．雇员，雇工
employer n．雇主
employment n．雇用；使用；就业
16．harm n．& vt．损害；危害
Ⅱ．核心短语
1．die out灭亡；逐渐消失
2．in peace和平地；和睦地；安详地
3．in danger (of)在危险中；垂危
4．turn around(使)翻身；转身；翻转
5．in relief如释重负；松了口气
6．burst into laughter突然笑起来；大声笑了出来
7．protect...from保护……不受……(危害)
8．pay attention to注意
Ⅲ．经典句式
1．Our fur is being used to make sweaters for people like you．
我们的毛被用来为像你一样的人们制作毛衣。
2．The flying carpet travelled so fast that next minute they were in Zimbabwe．飞毯飞行得如此之快，以至于一转眼他们就来到了津巴布韦。
3．It shows the importance of wildlife protection，but I'd like to help as the WWF suggests．这体现了野生动植物保护的重要性，不过，我还是想按照世界野生生物基金会的建议来帮助你们。
阅读清障
①long vt．& vi．渴望，极想
※long to do sth渴望做某事
此句中had longed to do sth是过去完成时形式，意为“早就渴望做某事”，发生在以下所讲故事之前，所以用过去完成时。
※过去分词作定语，修饰species。
②species/'spiiz/n．物种(单复数同形)
※现在分词flying作定语，修饰carpet。
③carpet/'kɑpIt/n．地毯
④respond/rI'spnd/vi．回答；响应
respond to sth对某事做出反应
⑤distant/'dIst?nt/adj．远的；远处的
⑥fur/fз/n．毛皮；毛；软毛
※looking sad作定语，修饰an antelope。
※We're being killed...和Our fur is being used...均是现在进行时的被动语态，表示正在进行的被动动作。
⑦beneath prep．在下面，在底下
⑧此处介词at表示“针对……做出反应”。
※定语从句where there's some...修饰先行词a place。
※so...that如此……以至于，引导结果状语从句。
⑨turn around 转身，环顾，翻身
※she was being watched是过去进行时的被动语态。
⑩take one's photo给某人拍照
※take a photo of sb给某人拍照
?in relief如释重负；松了口气(一般情况下作状语)
※relief/rI'lif/n．(痛苦或忧虑的)减轻或解除；减轻痛苦的事物
?burst into laughter突然笑起来；大声笑了出来(相当于burst out laughing)
laughter/'lɑft?/n．笑；笑声
?mercy/'mзsI/n．仁慈；宽恕；怜悯
※without mercy毫无怜悯地；无情地
?certain/'sзtn/adj．确定的，某一；一定
a certain number of一定(数)量的
※现在进行时的被动语态，表示现阶段正在发生的被动动作。
?importance/Im'ptns/n．重要(性)
※(be)of great importance非常重要的
?WWF(World Wildlife Fund)世界野生生物基金会
※as引导方式状语从句。
?rub/rb/vt．擦；摩擦
?protect...from/against保护……不受……(危害)
?mosquito/m?'skit?/n．(pl．mosquitoes)蚊子
?millipede/'mIlIpid/n．(＝millepede)千足虫
insect/'Insekt/n．昆虫
contain/k?n'teIn/vt．包含；容纳；容忍
powerful/'pa?fl/adj．强大的；有力的
affect/?'fekt/vt．影响；感动；侵袭(相当于have an effect on)
pay attention to注意
※此短语中，to为介词，后跟名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。
appreciate/?'priIeIt/vt．鉴赏；感激
amazed adj．吃惊的；惊愕的
begin doing sth开始做某事
land vi．&vt．(使)着陆，降落
※...what an experience！“……多么奇妙的一次经历呀！”是感叹句，是...what an experience it is！的简略表达。
原文呈现
HOW DAISY LEARNED
TO HELP WILDLIFE
Daisy had always longed①to help endangered species②of wildlife．One day she woke up and found a flying carpet③ by her bed．“Where do you want to go？”it asked．Daisy responded④ immediately．“I'd like to see some endangered wildlife，”she said．“Please take me to a distant⑤ land where I can find the animal that gave fur⑥ to make this sweater．”At once the carpet flew away and took her to Tibet．There Daisy saw an antelope looking sad．It said，“We're being killed for the wool beneath⑦our stomachs．Our fur is being used to make sweaters for people like you．As a result, we are now an endangered species．”At⑧that Daisy cried，“I'm sorry I didn't know that．I wonder what is being done to help you．Flying carpet, please show me a place where there's some wildlife protection．”
The flying carpet travelled so fast that next minute they were in Zimbabwe． Daisy turned around⑨and found that she was being watched by an elephant．“Have you come to take my photo⑩？”it asked．In relief?Daisy burst into laughter?．“Don't laugh，”said the elephant，“We used to be an endangered species．Farmers hunted us without mercy?．They said we destroyed their farms, and money from tourists only went to the large tour companies．So the government decided to help．They allowed tourists to hunt only a certain? number of animals if they paid the farmers．Now the farmers are happy and our numbers are increasing．So good things are being done here to save local wildlife．”
Daisy smiled．“That's good news．It shows the importance?of wildlife protection, but I'd like to help as the WWF?suggests．”The carpet rose again and almost at once they were in a thick rainforest．A monkey watched them as it rubbed?itself．“What are you doing？”asked Daisy．“I'm protecting myself from?mosquitoes?，” it replied．“When I find a millipede?insect， I rub it over my body．
It containsa powerfuldrug which affectsmosquitoes．You should pay more attention tothe rainforest where I live and appreciate how the animals live together．No rainforest，no animals，no drugs．”
Daisy was amazed．“Flying carpet, please take me home so I can tell WWF and we can begin producingthis new drug．Monkey, please come and help．”The monkey agreed．The carpet flew home．As they landed， things began to disappear．Two minutes later everything had gone－the monkey, too．So Daisy was not able to make her new drug．But what an experience！She had learned so much! And there was always WWF...
课文译文
戴茜是如何学会保护
野生动植物的
戴茜一直都渴望帮助那些濒临灭绝的野生动植物。一天她醒来，发现床边有一块飞毯。飞毯问：“你想去哪儿？”戴茜立刻回答。“我想去看一些濒临灭绝的野生动植物。请带我到遥远的地方，在那里我可以找到为制作这件毛衣而提供毛绒的动物。”她说。飞毯立刻起飞了，带她到了西藏。在那里，戴茜看到一只藏羚羊面带忧郁的神色。它说：“为了取得我们肚皮底下的羊毛，我们正在被屠杀。我们的毛皮被用来为像你一样的人们制作毛衣。因此，我们现在濒临灭绝了。”听了这话，戴茜哭了：“我很抱歉，我过去不知道还有这回事儿。我想知道为了帮助你们正在采取什么措施。飞毯啊，请把我带到一个有野生动植物保护的地方去吧。”
飞毯飞行得如此之快，以至于一转眼他们就来到了津巴布韦。戴茜转过身去，看到一头大象正望着她。大象问道：“你是来给我拍照的吗？”戴茜如释重负，突然笑了起来。“不要笑了，”大象说道，“我们过去是濒危动物，农民们残忍地捕杀我们。他们说，我们破坏了他们的农田，而旅游者的钱过去都流进了大型旅游公司。于是政府决定出面提供帮助。如果游客付给农民钱的话，他们允许游客猎取一定数量的动物。如今农民高兴了，我们的数量也在增加。为了拯救当地的野生动植物，他们也在做一些好事。”
戴茜笑道：“那可是个好消息。这体现了野生动植物保护的重要性，不过，我还是想按照世界野生生物基金会的建议来帮助你们。”飞毯再次升起，几乎一转眼他们就到了茂密的热带雨林。一只猴子一边擦着身体，一边望着他们。戴茜问：“你在做什么呢？”它回答说：“我这样做可以防止蚊子叮咬。当我发现一种千足虫时，便把它擦在身上。它含有一种强效的药物可以防止蚊子叮咬。你们应该多加关注我生活的热带雨林，并且懂得热带雨林的动物是如何在一起生活的。没有雨林，就没有动物，也就没有药物了。”
戴茜很惊讶。“飞毯，请带我回家去，我可以告诉世界野生生物基金会，我们可以开始生产这种新药。猴子，请跟我回去帮忙吧。”猴子同意了，毯子飞回了家。当他们着地时，一切就开始消失了。两分钟后，什么都没了——猴子也没了。这样，戴茜就不能制造新药了。但是，多么奇妙的一次经历呀！她学到了那么多东西！而且，还一直有世界野生生物基金会……
Ⅰ．Choose the best answer according to the text．
1．What helps Daisy meet the wildlife?
A．A flying chair．
B．A flying broom．
C．A flying carpet．
D．A plane．
答案　C
2．What places didn't Daisy go to?
A．Tibet China． B．Rainforest．
C．WWF． D．Zimbabwe．
答案　C
3．It can be learned from the passage that ．
A．the Zimbabwe government did a good job in saving the elephants
B．the rainforest produces drugs that are good for millipede insects
C．the elephants are in danger in Zimbabwe
D．mosquitoes help protect monkeys from millipede insects
答案　A
4．How did Daisy like the experience?
A．Great． B．Tiring．
C．Disappointing． D．Meaningless．
答案　A
5．The passage is mainly about ．
A．what Daisy saw and heard about animals
B．how Daisy learned to help wildlife through what she saw and heard about animals
C．how antelopes were killed for their fur
D．how to make a powerful drug to kill mosquitoes．
答案　B
Ⅱ．True (T) or False (F)．
1．Daisy saw an antelope in Tibet．(T)
2．Antelopes were killed for the skin that is taken from under their stomachs．(F)
3．The elephants and rhinos in Zimbabwe used to be protected well by the farmers in the past．(F)
4．Mosquitoes protected the monkey from a millipede insect．(F)
5．Daisy returned home with the monkey and began to make her new drug．(F)
1．If their habitat is threatened or they cannot find enough food，their number may decrease．(教材P25)
如果它们的栖息地受到威胁或它们找不到足够的食物，它们的数量或许就会减少。
decrease vi．&vt．减少；使变小或变少 n．减少；降低
归纳拓展
(1)decrease (sth) to...减少到……
decrease (sth) by...减少了……
decrease from...to...从……减少到……
(2)(a) decrease in在……方面减少
on the decrease在减少
①Compared with last year，the membership decreased to 150．
与去年相比，会员人数减至150名。
②The price of wheat has decreased by 15%．
小麦的价格降低了15%。
③There is a decrease of nearly 7% in the number of visitors to the museum．
参观博物馆的人数下降了将近7%。
④The charge for transportation is on the decrease because of lower fuel costs．
由于更低的燃料花费，运输费用在降低。
2．As a result these endangered animals may even die out．(教材P25)
结果，这些濒危的动物甚至可能会消亡。
die out灭亡；逐渐消失
①Many traditional customs have died out because they are out of date．
因为已经过时，很多传统风俗已逐渐消失。
归纳
拓展
die away (尤指声音、光、风等)逐渐消失，停止
die down减弱；平息
die of死于(疾病等内部原因)
die from死于(某种外部原因)
die off相继死去
②The wind died away at dusk．
黄昏时风逐渐减弱了。
③Many trees are dying off for lack of water．
由于缺水，许多树木相继枯死。
④The noise has died down．
喧闹声逐渐消失了。
3．too much hunting in the 1950s(教材P25)
20世纪50年代过度狩猎
hunt vi．&vt．打猎；猎取；搜寻
①I've hunted everywhere but I can't find it．
我到处都搜遍了，就是找不到它。
归纳
拓展
hunt for sth搜索；寻找某物
hunt after追逐，追求
go hunting去打猎
②She is still hunting for a new job．
她正在找新工作。
③Many people hunt after fame in their lives but never find it．
许多人一生追求成名，但一无所获。
4．Why are they in danger of disappearing？(教材P25)为什么它们面临灭绝的危险？
in danger(of)在危险中；垂危
①The people in the burning house are in danger．
在着火的房子里的人们正处于危险中。
归纳
拓展
out of danger脱离危险
dangerous adj．危险的，有危害的；可能引起麻烦的
②The doctor said that his life was out of danger．
医生说他已脱离生命危险。
③For years researchers have attempted to show that television is dangerous(danger) to children．近几年来，研究者试图表明电视对孩子们来说是危险的。
5．Daisy responded immediately．(教材P26)
戴茜立即回答。
respond v．回答，回应；做出反应
①Responding to the news，Mr Watt appealed for calm．
面对这个消息瓦特先生呼吁要保持冷静。
归纳
拓展
(1)respond to...回应……；对……做出反应
respond that...回答说……
(2)response n．回答；响应；反应
in response to响应；反应(通常作状语)
make (no) response to对……(不)做反应/回答
②She responded to my letter with a phone call．
她收到我的信，给我回了个电话。
③The law was passed in response to the public pressure．在公众压力下该法规获得通过。
④Carl made no response，and carried on with his meal．
卡尔没有回答，继续吃饭。
6．In relief Daisy burst into laughter．(教材P26)
戴茜如释重负，突然笑了起来。
in relief如释重负；松了口气
归纳
拓展
relief n．宽慰；轻松；解脱
to one's relief使某人欣慰的是
relief of/from ……的减轻/消除/缓和
It is a relief to...……是让人欣慰/轻松的事
①News of their safety came as a great relief．
他们平安的消息给大家带来了巨大的安慰。
②To our relief，they all got home safely．
他们都安全到家，让我们松了口气。
③It was a great relief to find that my family were all safe．
发现我的家人都安然无恙，我感到极大的欣慰。
burst into laughter突然笑起来；大声笑了出来
归纳
拓展
(1)突然哭起来
突然大笑起来
(2)burst into anger 勃然大怒
④Our coach and teammates burst into laughter in relief after we won the match．
在我们赢得比赛后，教练和队友如释重负，突然笑了起来。
⑤Hearing the news，the students burst out shouting(shout)．
一听到这个消息，所有的学生都大叫起来。
⑥Once he burst into anger，he would throw anything at hand out of the window．
他一发火就把手边的任何东西都扔出窗外。
[名师点津]　表达“突然……起来”时，burst into后常接名词；burst out后接名词对应的v．-ing形式。
7．Farmers hunted us without mercy．(教材P26)
农民们毫无怜悯地捕杀我们。
mercy n．仁慈；怜悯；宽恕
归纳
拓展
without mercy残忍地；毫无同情心地
show mercy to 对……怜悯/宽恕
have mercy on对……怜悯/宽恕
beg/ask for mercy 乞求宽恕
at the mercy of 任由……摆布/控制
①He was such a cruel man that he showed no/little mercy to others．
他是一个如此残酷的人以至于他对别人毫无怜悯之情。
②May God have mercy on your soul．
愿上帝宽恕你的灵魂。
③Our ship was at the mercy of the wave．
我们的船任凭波浪摆布。
8．They allowed tourists to hunt only a certain number of animals if they paid the farmers．(教材P26)
他们允许游客在付给农民费用的情况下捕杀一定数量的动物。
certain adj．确定的；某一；一定
①A certain Mr．Wang is waiting for you outside now．
有个王先生正在外面等你。
归纳
拓展
be certain to do sth确定做某事
be certain of/about sth对某事有把握；确信某事
make certain of/about/that...确定……
It is certain that...一定能……
for certain＝for sure确定无疑地；准确地
②He is certain to win(win) the contest．
他肯定能赢得这场比赛。
③I can't say for certain when they will arrive．
我说不准他们什么时候会到。
④It is certain that they will agree．
他们肯定会同意。
9．I'm protecting myself from mosquitoes．(教材P26)
我这样做可以防止蚊虫叮咬。
protect...from...保护……不受……(危害)
归纳
拓展
protect．．against...保护……免受……
defend...from/against...保卫……以抵制……
①A new law has been made to protect the animal from being harmed．
已制定一部新的法律保护这种动物免受伤害。
②This medicine will protect you against/from a return of the illness．
这种药会防止你的疾病复发。
③Politicians are skilled at defending themselves against their critics．
从政者都善于为自己辩解，反驳别人的批评。
[名师点津]　在protect...from/against...结构中，from和against后面常跟sth，有时against后跟being done来强调动作的被动性。
10．You should pay more attention to the rainforest where I live and appreciate how the animals live together．(教材P26)
你应该多关注我生活的热带雨林，并且了解热带雨林的动物是如何在一起生活的。
pay attention to注意(to为介词)
①A great deal of attention has been paid to protecting the environment．
人们已对保护环境投入了很多注意力。
归纳
拓展
catch/draw/attract one's attention to...吸引某人对……的注意力
bring sth to one's attention使某人注意某事
fix/focus (one's) attention on把(某人的)注意力集中在……
turn one's attention to...将某人的注意力转到……
②If you come across a mistake while reading the report, please bring it to my attention．
如果你读这篇报道的时候发现错误，请提醒我注意。
③You should fix your attention on what you are doing．你应该专心于你所做的事。
④Let's turn our attention to the matter at hand．
让我们把注意力转到手头的问题上。
appreciate vt．鉴赏；感激；意识到
⑤You can't fully appreciate foreign literature in translation．
看翻译作品很难欣赏到外国文学的精髓。
归纳
拓展
appreciate(sb)doing...感激(某人)做……
I would appreciate it if...(it作形式宾语)如果……，我将不胜感激。
⑥I would appreciate it if you could call back this afternoon．
今天下午如果你能回电话，我将不胜感激。
⑦I really appreciate your thinking(think)highly of my work．
我很感激你对我的工作作出如此高的评价。
[名师点津]　appreciate作“感谢，感激”讲时，宾语一般为“物”，不能是“人”(但thank后可接人)，也不能直接跟从句，须先接形式宾语it，然后再接从句。
11．What must be done if wildlife protection is to succeed？(教材P27)
如果野生生物保护得以成功，必须要做些什么？
succeed vi．成功 vt．接替，继任
①The young man will succeed Mr．White as director．
那位年轻人将接替怀特先生当主任。
归纳
拓展
(1)succeed in (doing)sth成功干成了某事
succeed to...继承或接替
succeed sb as...继承某人做……
(2)success n．[U]成功；[C]成功的人或事
successful adj．成功的
②If we team up with each other，we will succeed in overcoming the difficulties．
只要我们同心协力，就能克服困难。
③Failure is the mother of success．
失败是成功之母。
12．Can they be employed to work in the park and not hurt the animals？(教材P27)
可以雇用他们在公园工作而不伤害动物吗？
employ vt．雇用
employ sb to be/as雇用某人任……
employ sb to do sth雇用某人干某事
①His elder brother is employed as a waiter in a big restaurant．
他的哥哥在一家大饭店当服务员。
②They employ casual workers to pick(pick)the fruit．
他们雇用临时工摘水果。
13．What should be done to punish people who do harm to the animals？(教材P27)
对于那些伤害动物的人该怎么惩罚他们？
harm n．&vt．损害；危害
①Have the workers been harmed in the disaster?
工人们在灾难中受伤了吗？
归纳
拓展
do sb/sth harm＝do harm to sb/sth对某人/物有害
harmful adj．有害的
be harmful to...对……有害
②Excessive drinking did harm to his health．
过量饮酒损害了他的健康。
③Too much drinking is harmful to the health．
饮酒过多会伤害身体。
Writing
如何写建议信
建议信一般采取三段式结构：
(1)首段：针对对方对自己的信任简单地表示感谢，也可以表明自己的意图。
(2)主体段：围绕对方的困惑、烦恼等问题，用委婉的语气提出自己的建议或看法。注意要充分考虑对方的实际问题，选择适当的语言，切忌措词生硬呆板，也不要泛泛而谈。
(3)末段：表达希望自己的建议能被采纳及对方的问题能够得到解决的愿望。
[典型句式]
★首段常用的表达：
I am writing to share some advice with you．
I'm sorry to hear that you have trouble in...
You have asked me for my advice on...
I am writing to express my views on/concerning...
You have asked for some advice concerning...and I will try to give you my suggestions．
★提出建议时常用的表达：
In my opinion, it would be beneficial if...
In my view, it would be wise to...
I suggest that you (should)...
I am afraid you'd better...
I would like to suggest/recommend that...
If I were you, I would...
★末段常用的表达：
I hope you will find these proposals(suggestions/tips) practical/useful/helpful．
I would be ready to discuss this matter with you in detail if necessary．
I would appreciate it if you could consider my suggestions．
In the end, I will be glad if you find my suggestions useful．
假定你是一名中学生，名叫王林，打算写信给21st Century的编辑，反映目前滥养宠物的问题。你认为宠物过多噪音扰民，污染环境；你周围许多人尤其是小孩都曾经被吓到或被咬伤过；宠物甚至会导致某些疾病的传播。所以你希望得到媒体的关注和支持。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：居民resident；污染环境pollute the environment
[写作要点]
第一段：提出要反映的问题，开门见山，直奔主题。
第二段：按照顺序，分析要反映的问题的原因。
第三段：结尾提出自己的要求以引起关注。
范文示例
Dear editor，
①I'm a middle school student, Wang Lin．②I'm writing to tell you something about the problem of some people keeping too many pets nowadays．
③I consider the problem more and more serious for the following reasons．④First of all, as is known to all, pets make so much noise that they trouble residents a lot．⑤What's more, it's widely accepted that animal wastes pollute the environment which makes people quite uncomfortable．⑥Many owners like taking their pets to public places where they may frighten children or even sometimes bite people．⑦The most important is that pets can spread some diseases and this has attracted much attention．
⑧Taking all these factors into consideration, I sincerely hope that I can get help from you and expect the media to do something for this．
Yours truly，
Wang Lin,
亮点点评
亮点一：本篇文章结构完整，表达客观。内容全面，细节的逻辑顺序分配合理，句与句之间过渡自然，连接紧密，开头结尾描述全面。
亮点二：文中句④用了so...that状语从句；句⑤it's widely accepted that为主语从句；句⑦用了表语从句；这些复合句的恰当运用使文章上了一个层次，体现了作者的基本功。
亮点三：使用连接词first of all(句④)，what's more(句⑤)使文章更条理化、层次化。
假如你是李华，上周日去动物园，看到游客对动物乱扔石子甚至往一头熊的头上泼水，对此你感到非常气愤。现在请你用英语就此事给某报社编辑写封信，并提出你的建议，请求该报呼吁人们保护和爱护动物。
注意：词数100左右。
【参考范文】
Dear Editor，
Here I write to tell you about my experience in the zoo last Sunday．I feel terribly sorry and ashamed of what people did to the animals．
There were many animals kept in the zoo and it seemed that they were not being treated well．I saw many visitors throw some stones at them and some visitors even poured water onto a big bear's head．
Here is what we should do．First, we should make people know animals are our friends and important to us．Second，anyone who treats animals badly should be fined．Last but not least，I hope you can help educate people to love and respect animals．Thank you．
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
Learning about Language
Ⅰ．重点单词
1．extra adj．额外的；外加的
2．humorous adj．幽默的；诙谐的
3．broadcast n．& vi．& vt．广播；播放
4．familiar adj．熟悉的；常见的；亲近的
5．pub n．酒馆；酒吧
Ⅱ．核心短语
1．connect...with...把……和……连接起来
2．in addition 另外；也
3．depend on 依靠；依赖
4．for the first time 第一次
5．sort out 分类
Ⅲ．经典句式
Now whenever we go to the pub，we play our songs and buy drinks for the regulars．
现在无论我们何时去酒吧，我们都会为常客们演奏我们自己的歌曲并为他们买喝的。
1．in addition另外；也 (教材P36)
①The car looks nice．In addition，it can save energy．
这辆车外型美观，而且省油。
归纳
拓展
in addition常放在句首，也可放在句中、句尾，相当于副词。
in addition to除……之外(还)，用作介词短语
[易混辨析]　in addition，in addition to
in addition
“另外”，相当于副词，与as well同义，在句中作状语
in addition to
“除……之外(还)”，复合介词，与as well as同义，后跟宾语
选用以上短语填空
②She can speak French and German in addition to English．
③The products are nice．In addition, the price is low．
2．Sort out the following messages that are mixed up to make complete sentences containing attributive clauses．(教材P37)
将下面混杂的信息进行分类，来组成包含有定语从句的完整句子。
sort out分类；整理；挑选出；解决(纠纷等)
写出下列句中sort out的汉语意思
①My father helped sort out a dispute today．解决
②Please sort out what you want and throw away the rest．挑选出
③The child was sorting out the bricks into different colors．把……分类
归纳
拓展
sort out...from...把……从……中挑选出来/辨别出来
sort sth(into sth) 把……分类
sort of 有几分；有点(作副词修饰形容词和动词)
all sorts of...各种各样的……
④We must sort out the good apples from the bad ones．咱们得把好苹果拣出来，同坏的分开。
⑤She sort of pretends that she doesn't really care．
她摆出一副并不真地在乎的样子。
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
1．Have you ever dreamed of playing in front of thousands of people at a concert，at which everyone is clapping and appreciating your music?
2．They may start as a group of high-school students，for whom practising their music in someone's house is the first step to fame．
3．Later they may give performances in pubs or clubs，for which they are paid in cash．
4．The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music，most of which was based loosely on the Beatles．
5．However，after a year or so in which they became more serious about their work，the Monkees started to play and sing their own songs like a real band．
6．They produced a new record in 1996，with which they celebrated their former time as a real band．
一、基本用法
当关系代词在定语从句中充当介词的宾语时，我们可以用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果先行词为人时，用“介词＋whom”；如果先行词为物时，用“介词＋which”。who和that不能用于此结构，但介词后置时可以使用，如果作宾语也可以省略。
The ladder on which I was standing began to slip．
我脚下的梯子开始向下滑动。
二、“介词＋关系代词”中介词的确定
1．根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯来确定。
I remember the day on which I joined the army．
我仍然记得我参军的那一天。(表示具体的“在哪一天”，用介词on)
2．根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词确定介词。该动词或形容词常与某些介词构成固定搭配。
He is the man for whom I'm waiting for a long time．
他是我等了很久的那个人。(wait for等待，为固定搭配)
He is a famous singer of whom we are proud．
他是一位我们引以为豪的著名歌唱家。(be proud of以……而自豪，为固定搭配)
3．根据句子的意思确定介词。
有些句子，先行词完全一样，定语从句中谓语动词也不是固定的动词短语。这时，需要根据句子所要表达的意思选用不同的介词。
This is the book without which I can't pass the exam．这是一本没有它我就不能通过考试的书。
三、“介词＋关系代词”的特殊用法
1．“the＋名词＋of＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，有时可用“whose＋名词”或“of＋关系代词＋the＋名词”替换。
I live in the room，the windows of which (＝of which the windows＝whose windows) face south．
我住在一个窗户朝南的房间里。
[名师点津]　在“the＋名词＋of＋关系代词”或“of＋关系代词＋the＋名词”中一定不能漏掉冠词the；在“whose＋名词”结构中一定不能加上冠词the。
2．“名词/代词等＋介词＋关系代词”结构：有时“介词＋关系代词”前会出现不定代词(all，both，none，neither，many，few，the rest等)、数词(分数、百分数等)及“the＋最高级/比较级”等，用来表示部分、数目等意义。
The football team has 15 members，the oldest of whom is 25 years old．
这个足球队有15名队员，其中最大的25岁。
Using Language
Ⅰ．重点单词
1．dip vt．浸；蘸
2．confident adj．自信的；确信的
3．brief adj．简短的；简要的；n．摘要；大纲
briefly adv．简要地；短暂地
4．devotion n．投入；热爱
devote v．致力于；奉献
devoted adj．献身的；忠诚的
5．afterwards adv．然后；后来
6．invitation n．邀请；招待
invite v．邀请；招待
7．sensitive adj．敏感的；易受伤害的；灵敏的
8．painful adj．痛苦的；疼痛的
pain n．痛苦
Ⅱ．核心短语
1．knock into撞上；偶然碰到
2．feel down感到沮丧；情绪消沉
3．be confident of/about对……有信心
4．agree on就……达成协议
5．stick to坚持
6．above all 最重要；首先
Ⅲ．经典句式
1．Freddy and his band could not go out anywhere without being followed．弗雷迪和他的乐队无论走到哪里都会有人跟随。
2．Their personal life was regularly discussed by people who did not know them but talked as if they were close friends．一些不认识他们的人也在不断地讨论他们的私生活，而且就像是他们的密友一样在谈论他们。
3．At last feeling very upset and sensitive，Freddy and his band realized that they must leave the country before it became too painful for them．最后由于深感苦恼，神经高度紧张，弗雷迪和他的乐队意识到他们必须在自己感到太痛苦之前离开这个国家。
阅读清障
※Not long after相当于soon after或shortly after，意为“……后不久”，引导时间状语从句。
①brief/brif/adj．简短的；简要的 n．摘要；大纲
briefly/'briflI/adv．简要地；短暂地
②on a brief tour在进行短暂的巡回演出
③devotion/dI'v?n/n．投入；热爱
④confident/'knfId?nt/adj．自信的；确信的
⑤afterwards/'ɑft?w?dz/adv．然后；后来
⑥invitation/InvI'teIn/n．邀请
※过去分词短语called...作后置定语，修饰a TV programme。
⑦a TV camera电视摄像机
※which引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the telephones。
⑧go wrong出毛病；出现问题
※without being followed在句中作伴随状语。not...without是双重否定结构，表示肯定意义，以加强语气。
⑨beard/bI?d/n．胡须
⑩regularly adv．有规律地；间隙均匀地；经常
※who引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词people，该定语从句中包含了as if引导的方式状语从句。
?sensitive/'sens?tIv/adj．敏感的；易受伤害的；灵敏的
?painful/'peInfl/adj．痛苦的；疼痛的
※现在分词短语feeling...作原因状语；that引导宾语从句，在此宾语从句中又含有before引导的时间状语从句。
原文呈现
FREDDY THE FROG(Ⅱ)
Not long after Freddy and the band became famous，they visited Britain on a brief① tour②．Fans showed their devotion③ by waiting for hours to get tickets for their concerts．Freddy was now quite confident④ when he went into a concert hall．He enjoyed singing and all the congratulations afterwards⑤！ His most exciting invitation⑥ was to perform on a TV programme called“Top of the Pops．”
He had to go to London, wear an expensive suit and give a performance to a TV camera⑦．It felt very strange．But as soon as the programme was over, the telephones which were in the same room started ringing．Everybody was asking when they could see Freddy and his band again．They were truly stars．
Then things went wrong⑧．Freddy and his band could not go out anywhere without being followed．Even when they wore sunglasses or beards⑨ people recognized them．Fans found them even when they went into the toilet．They tried to hide in the reading rooms of libraries，but it was useless．Someone was always there！Their personal life was regularly⑩discussed by people who did not know them but talked as if they were close friends．At last feeling very upset and sensitive?，Freddy and his band realized that they must leave the country before it became too painful?for them．So they left Britain，to which they were never to return，and went back to the lake．
课文译文
青蛙弗雷迪(2)
在弗雷迪和这个乐队成名后不久，他们就在英国进行了一次短暂的巡回演出。歌迷们表现出了极大的热情，等候几个小时买他们音乐会的票。现在弗雷迪在步入音乐厅时感到非常自信。他喜欢演唱，也喜欢演出后的所有祝贺！最令他激动的是他受邀在一个叫Top of the Pops的电视节目中表演。他得去伦敦，穿着昂贵的西装，对着电视摄像机演唱。感觉很不自在。而节目一结束，这个房间里的电话就开始响起来。大家都在问他们什么时候可以再次看到弗雷迪和他的乐队。他们真的成了明星！
然后情况就不好了。弗雷迪和他的乐队无论走到哪儿都有人跟随着。甚至当他们戴着太阳镜或者留着络腮胡子时，人们也能认出他们来。即使他们上厕所，也会被歌迷发现。他们试图躲在图书馆的阅览室里，但也不管用。总有人在那儿(等着)！经常有一些人讨论他们的私生活，那些人不认识他们，但谈起来就好像是他们的密友一样。最后由于深感苦恼，神经高度紧张，弗雷迪和他的乐队意识到他们必须在感到太过痛苦之前离开这个国家。因此，他们离开了英国，回到了湖边，再也没有回去。
Ⅰ．Choose the best answer according to the text．
1．Who do you think is Freddy?
A．A fan． B．A man．
C．A woman． D．A frog．
答案　D
2．Freddy's most exciting experience was ．
A．that fans waited for hours to get tickets for their concerts
B．to perform on a TV programme
C．that the telephones in the same room started ringing
D．that fans followed wherever they went
答案　B
3．People could find them anywhere EXCEPT when ．
A．they wore sunglasses or beards
B．they went into the toilet
C．they were in the reading rooms of libraries
D．they were in their homes
答案　D
4．Before they left Britain，they felt ．
A．upset B．sensitive
C．painful D．all the above
答案　D
5．Where did Freddy and his band try to hide in order not to be followed?
A．The concert hall．
B．The lake．
C．Both A and B．
D．The toilet and libraries．
答案　D
Ⅱ．True (T) or False (F)．
1．Long after Freddy and the band became famous，they visited Britain．(F)
2．Freddy was not quite confident when he went into a concert hall．(F)
3．Freddy and his band could go out anywhere as they like after giving the performance to a TV camera．(F)
4．The personal life of Freddy and his band was regularly talked about by anyone．(T)
5．Freddy and his band went back to the lake and never returned again．(T)
1．Not long after Freddy and the band became famous，they visited Britain on a brief tour．(教材P38)弗雷迪和他的乐队成名后不久，就到英国作短暂的巡回演出去了。
brief adj．简短的；简要的 n．摘要；大纲
归纳
拓展
(1)in brief 简言之；一言以蔽之
to be brief 简单地说， 一句话
(2)briefly adv．简要地；短暂地
briefly speaking简洁地说
①To begin with，I'd like to tell in brief the importance of the work．
首先，我想简要谈谈这项工作的重要性。
②To be brief/Briefly speaking，he was happy with the result．
简言之，他对这个结果感到高兴。
2．Fans showed their devotion by waiting for hours to get tickets for their concerts．(教材P38)歌迷们表现出极大的热情，他们等几个小时来购买音乐会的门票。
devotion n．投入；热爱；挚爱；献身；虔诚
归纳
拓展
(1)with devotion悉心地
devotion to...对……的贡献/热爱/忠诚
(2)devote v．献身；为……付出
devote oneself to致力于/献身于……
①He showed great devotion to his master．
他对主人表现出极大的忠诚。
②She nursed her sick child with devotion．
她悉心看护她那生病的孩子。
③He devoted himself to protecting(protect) the wild animals．他献身于保护野生动物。
[名师点津]　devotion to.../devote oneself to中的to都是介词，后需接名词、代词或动名词。
3．Freddy was now quite confident when he went into a concert hall．(教材P38)现在当弗雷迪走进音乐大厅时感到非常自信。
confident adj．自信的；确信的
归纳
拓展
(1)be confident of (doing) sth对(做)某事有把握；确信某事
be confident about对……有信心
be confident that...确信/肯定/自信……
(2)confidence n．信心；信任；信赖；把握
have/show confidence in对……有信心
①We are confident about our future．
我们对未来充满信心。
②The team is confident of winning．
这个队有把握取胜。
③He lacked confidence(confident)and he didn't trust himself．他缺乏自信，不相信自己。
4．Freddy and his band could not go out anywhere without being followed．(教材P38)弗雷迪和他的乐队无论走到哪儿都有人跟踪。
not...without...是一个双重否定结构，该结构表示肯定含义，意思是“没有……就不……”。这种结构可以归纳为“no/not/never等＋without...”。
①Man cannot live without food and plants cannot grow without sunshine．
人没有食物不能生存，植物没有阳光也不能生长。
归纳
拓展
常见的双重否定结构还有：
no/not等＋表示否定意义的形容词或名词
no/not/never/nobody/few等＋具有否定意义的动词或短语
not＋否定意义的副词hardly/barely/scarcely等。
②No way is impossible to courage．
勇士面前无险路。
③I could not hardly believe my ears．
我几乎不相信自己的耳朵。
5．What if we...？要是我们……，会怎么样呢？(教材P39)
本句是一个省略句，补充完整应该是：What will happen if we...？“What if...？”为常用句式，What if后面跟一个完整的句子，且句子通常用现在时或过去时。该句式有如下含义：
(1)如果……怎么办？要是……会怎么样呢？(尤指令人不愉快的事情发生时)
①What if the train is late?
火车要是晚点怎么办？
②What if we failed in the last exam?
要是我们上次考试不及格会怎么样呢？
(2)如果……怎么样？(用于表示提出有益的建议)
③What if we go and see a film tomorrow night?
我们明晚去看一场电影如何？
6．Above all，just have fun！(教材P40)
最重要的是，要开心！
above all最重要；首先
归纳
拓展
first of all首先，第一(强调顺序)
at all 根本，全然
not at all一点也不
in all 总共，共计
after all 终究，毕竟
all in all 总之，总的来说
①How many people were there in all at the party?
晚会上一共有多少个人？
②He has faults, but, all in all, he is a good helper．
他虽有缺点，但总的说来，他是一个好帮手。
③You shouldn't depend on your parents at all, and after all you have been over eighteen；above all you should earn money by yourself．
你一点都不应该依靠父母了，毕竟你已经过十八岁了。最重要的是你应该自己挣钱。
Unit 5　Music
?转化
roll vt．&vi．滚动；(使)摇摆→n．摇晃；卷；卷形物
?派生
名词后缀：-tion，-ance，-er，-or，-ence
devote vt．致力；献身→devotion n．投入；热爱
perform vt．& vi．表演；履行；执行→performance n．表演；演奏→performer n．表演者
act vi．行动；表演 vt．扮演→actor n．男演员；行动者
confident adj．自信的；确信的→confidence n．信心
形容词后缀：-ous，-ful
humour n．幽默；诙谐→humorous adj．幽默的
pain n．痛苦；疼痛；穷苦；努力 vt．使痛苦→painful adj．痛苦的；疼痛的
?合成
broad(宽广的)＋cast(扔，掷)→broadcast n．广播；播放 vi．& vt．广播；播放
over(从一边到另一边)＋night(夜晚)→overnight adv．在晚上；在夜里；(口)很快；一夜之间
20世纪70年代，在纽约的大街上、俱乐部里，出现了一种新的音乐形式，它就是说唱音乐。现在，它开始走进课堂，而且配上它之后，效果很好。
Rapping in Class
Hip hop or rap music(说唱音乐)started on the street and in the clubs of the New York City in the 1970s．People rap to express how they feel about their lives and problems．
Would you like to rap in class? Well, actually hip pop music is played in more than 10,000 schools in the USA．Why？There is a new school program called “Flocabulary” in which teachers use texts and hip hop CDs to help teach different school subjects．The words of the songs are just what students are studying．This makes learning easy and fun．Students and teachers are excited about the good results it has had on exam marks．
Blake Harrison, a high school student, was the first person to come up with the idea of Flocabulary．The word “Flocabulary” comes from the word “flow” and “vocabulary”．“Flow” is a rap word for “style”， or the way a rapper says the words of a song．“Vocabulary” means the words you have to learn in a language．How did he get the idea? Well, he realized he could remember the words of a hip hop song very easily．So，why not make lessons into songs? Today together with Alex Rappaport, a song writer, Blake produces hip hop songs for math，science and literature．They are now used in schools with great success．
词海拾贝
1．express v．表达　　2．come up with 想到
3．style n．风格，流派 4．together with 和……一起
Warming Up & Reading
Ⅰ．重点单词
1．roll vt．& vi．滚动；(使)摇摆 n．摇晃；卷；卷形物；面包圈
2．folk adj．民间的
3．musician n．音乐家
4．pretend vt．假装；假扮
5．attach vt．& vi．系上；缚上；附加；连接
6．form vt．(使)组成；形成；构成
7．passer-by n．过路人；行人
8．earn vt．赚；挣得；获得
9．extra adj．额外的；外加的
10．instrument n．工具；器械；乐器
11．perform vt．& vi．表演；履行；执行
performance n．表演；演奏
12．cash n．现金
13．studio n．工作室；演播室
14．millionaire n．百万富翁；富豪
15．actor n．男演员；行动者
16．rely vi．依赖；依靠
17．broadcast n．& vi．& vt．广播；播放
broadcast过去式
broadcast过去分词
18．humorous adj．幽默的；诙谐的
humor n．幽默
19．familiar adj．熟悉的；常见的；亲近的
20．attractive adj．吸引人的；有吸引力的
Ⅱ．核心短语
1．dream about/of 梦见；梦想；设想
2．to be honest 说实在地；实话说
3．attach...to认为有(重要性、意义)
4．in cash用现金；用现钱
5．play jokes on戏弄
6．look for寻找
7．rely on 依赖；依靠
8．be/get familiar with 熟悉；与……熟悉起来
9．or so 大约
10．break up打碎；分裂；解体
Ⅲ．经典句式
1．Have you ever dreamed of playing in front of thousands of people at a concert，at which everyone is clapping and appreciating your music?
你是否曾梦想过在音乐会上面对成千上万的观众演唱，每个人都欣赏你的音乐并为你鼓掌呢？
2．They put an advertisement in a newspaper looking for rock musicians，but they could only find one who was good enough．
他们在报上登了一则广告，寻求摇滚乐歌手，但是他们只能找到一位足够好的。
3．Anyhow their performances were humorous enough to be copied by other groups．
不管怎样，他们的表演非常幽默以至于其他的乐队也开始模仿。
阅读清障
①part在此意为“成员，成分”，为不可数名词，故其前不能加不定冠词a。
②musician/mju'zIn/n．音乐家
③dream of 梦见；梦想；设想。其后可接动名词作宾语。
※at which在此引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a concert。
④pretend/prI'tend/vt．假装；假扮
⑤to be honest 实话说；说实在地(常用作插入语)
⑥attach...to认为有(重要性、意义)
attach/?'t?t/vt．&vi．系上；缚上；附加
⑦form/fm/vt．(使)组成；形成；构成
⑧fame/feIm/n．名声，名望
※for whom在此引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词high-school students。
⑨passer-by/pɑs?'baI/n．过路人；行人(复数形式为passers-by)
⑩earn/зn/vt．赚；挣得；获得
earn a living 谋生，维持生计
?extra/'ekstr?/adj．额外的；外加的
?instrument/'Instrm?nt/n．工具；器械
?performance/p?'fm?ns/n．表演；演奏
?pub/pb/n．酒馆；酒吧
?in cash用现金；有现钱
?studio/'stjudI?/n．工作室；演播室(复数为studios)
?millionaire/mIlj?'ne?/n．百万富翁；富豪
※that在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词band，且that在从句中作主语。
?the Monkees/'m?kiz/门基乐队
?TV show电视节目
?play jokes on戏弄
be based on 以……为基础
the Beatles甲壳虫乐队
※most of which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词music。
※had planned to do在此指本来计划去做某事，但事实上却没做成。
actor/'?kt?/n．男演员；行动者
※as在此引导原因状语从句。
rely on(也作rely upon)依赖；依靠
rely/rI'laI/vi．依赖；依靠
broadcast/'brdkɑst/n．广播；播放 vi．&vt．(broadcast；broadcast)广播；播放
humorous/'hjum?r?s/adj．幽默的
copy v．模仿，仿效；作弊；复制
get familiar with 熟悉；与……熟悉起来(主语往往是人)
familiar/f?'mIlI?/adj．熟悉的；常见的
be familiar to sb某物为某人所熟知(主语往往是物)
※本句是主从复合句。含有so...that...结构，其中that引导结果状语从句；而that从句中的介词短语in order to...them在此作目的状语。
※过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰songs。
or so大约
break up打碎；分裂；解体
reunite/riju'naIt/vt．再统一；再联合
※with which在此引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a new record。
原文呈现
THE BAND THAT WASN'T
Have you ever wanted to be part①of a band as a famous singer or musician②？Have you ever dreamed of③ playing in front of thousands of people at a concert, at which everyone is clapping and appreciating your music? Do you sing karaoke and pretend④you are a famous singer like Song Zuying or Liu Huan？To be honest⑤， a lot of people attach great importance to⑥ becoming rich and famous．But just how do people form⑦a band?
Many musicians meet and form a band because they like to write and play their own music．They may start as a group of high-school students，for whom practising their music in someone's house is the first step to fame⑧．Sometimes they may play to passers-by⑨ in the street or subway so that they can earn⑩some extra?money for themselves or to pay for their instruments?．Later they may give performances? in pubs? or clubs, for which they are paid in cash?．Of course they hope to make records in a studio?and sell millions of copies to become millionaires?！
However, there was one band that started in a different way．It was called the Monkees? and began as a TV show?．The musicians were to play jokes on? each other as well as play music, most of which was based loosely on the Beatles．The TV organizers had planned to find four musicians who could act as well as sing．They put an advertisement in a newspaper looking for rock musicians, but they could only find one who was good enough．They had to use actors for the other three members of the band．
As some of these actors could not sing well enough, they had to rely on other musicians to help them．So during the broadcasts they just pretended to sing．Anyhow their performances were humorous enough to be copied by other groups．They were so popular that their fans formed clubs in order to get more familiar withthem．Each week on TV, the Monkees would play and sing songs written by other musicians．However, after a year or so in which they became more serious about their work, the Monkees started to play and sing their own songs like a real band．
Then they produced their own records and started touring and playing their own music．In the USA they became even more popular than the Beatles and sold even more records．The band broke up about 1970, but happily they reunited in the mid-1980s．They produced a new record in 1996，with which they celebrated their former time as a real band．
,
课文译文
并非乐队的乐队
你曾经想过要成为一个乐队里有名的歌手或音乐家吗？你曾梦想过在音乐会上对着成千上万的观众演奏，观众(为你)鼓掌并欣赏你的音乐吗？你是否唱卡拉OK，并假装自己是像宋祖英或刘欢一样著名的歌唱家？说实在的，很多人把名和利看得很重要。但是人们是怎样组建乐队的呢？
许多音乐家聚在一起组建乐队，是因为他们喜欢自己作曲并演奏自己的音乐。他们起初可能是一群高中生，对他们来说，在某个人的家里练习音乐是成名的第一步。有时他们可能在街上或地铁里为过路者演奏，这样他们可以为自己或他们要买的乐器多挣一些钱。后来，他们可能在酒吧或者俱乐部里演出，这样他们可以得到现金。当然，他们希望在录音棚里制作唱片，然后卖掉数百万张唱片，从而成为百万富翁！
然而，也有一个用不同方式组建起来的乐队。这支乐队叫门基乐队，它是以电视节目的形式开始的。组成乐队的音乐人演奏音乐，还彼此打趣逗笑。这些音乐大多都在模仿“甲壳虫”乐队。电视制作人原计划寻找四位既能表演又能唱歌的音乐人。他们在报纸上登了一则广告，寻找摇滚音乐人，但他们只能找到一个足够好的。他们不得不用演员来充当乐队的其他三名成员。
因为这些演员中的有些人唱得不是很好，他仍不得不依靠其他乐手的帮助。所以在演出的时候他们只是假装在唱。不管怎样，他们的表演非常幽默，足以被其他乐队模仿。他们如此受欢迎以至于粉丝们为了更熟悉他们而成立了俱乐部。门基乐队每个星期都要在电视上弹奏和演唱由别的音乐人创作的歌曲。然而，在大约一年的时间里，门基乐队对他们的工作变得更加认真了，这一年之后，他们开始像一支真正的乐队那样演唱自己创作的歌曲。然后他们录制自己的唱片，并且开始巡回演奏他们自己的音乐。在美国，他们变得甚至比甲壳虫乐队更受欢迎，也售出了比他们更多的唱片。门基乐队大约在1970年解散，但令人高兴的是，在20世纪80年代中期他们重组了。1996年他们出了一张新唱片，以此来庆祝他们以往的作为一支真正的乐队的时光。
Ⅰ．Match the main idea with each paragraph．
Para．1 (B)　A．how the Monkees became serious about the music business
Para．2 (C) B．dreaming of being a famous musician or singer
Para．3 (D) C．how musicians form bands
Para．4 (A) D．how the Monkees got their start
Ⅱ．Choose the best answer according to the text．
1．Which musical band is mentioned in the passage?
A．The Westlife． B．The Monkees．
C．The Beatles． D．Both B & C．
答案　D
2．Put the following events in the right order．
a．Make records．
b．Give performance in the pubs or clubs．
c．Musicians get together and play music at home．
d．Play music in the street or subway．
A．b，c，d，a B．c，b，d，a
C．c，d，b，a D．b，d，c，a
答案　C
3．However，there was one band that started in a different way．It was called the Monkees and began as a TV show．What does “it” refer to?
A．A band． B．A TV show．
C．The music． D．A way．
答案　A
4．Why were the Monkees said to start in a different way?
A．They played jokes on each other．
B．It only had three members at first．
C．They were formed by TV producers．
D．The members were actors．
答案　C
5．What does the title “The Band That Wasn't” mean?
A．The band wasn't a famous one．
B．The band was formed in a different way．
C．The band didn't play their own music．
D．The band wasn't supported by his fans．
答案　B
1．Have you ever dreamed of playing in front of thousands of people at a concert，at which everyone is clapping and appreciating your music？(教材P34)
你是否曾梦想过在音乐会上面对成千上万的观众演唱，而音乐会上的每个人都欣赏你的音乐并为你鼓掌呢？
dream of梦想；梦见；设想
归纳
拓展
dream of/about(doing)sth梦见；梦想；设想　(做)某事
dream up 构思；想出；虚构
dream that...梦想
dream a/an...dream做一个……的梦
①I dream of becoming a designer one day．
我梦想有一天成为设计师。
②I dreamed up a plan to solve both problems at once．
我想出了一个方案，可以同时解决两个问题。
③I dream that my son will attend college and find a good job．
我希望儿子能上大学并找到一份好工作。
2．Do you sing karaoke and pretend you are a famous singer like Song Zuying or Liu Huan？(教材P34)
你唱卡拉OK时是否假装自己就是像宋祖英或刘欢一样著名的歌星呢？
pretend vt．假装；假扮
归纳
拓展
pretend to do...假装做……
pretend (to be)＋n．/adj．假装是/装扮成……
pretend to be doing...假装正在做……
pretend to have done...假装已做过……
pretend that...假装……
①Sarah pretended to be(be)cheerful，saying nothing about the argument．
萨拉假装高兴，没有提及争吵的事。
②When his mother entered his room，he pretended to have fallen asleep．
当他的妈妈走进他的房间时，他假装已经睡着了。
③Mike pretended to be preparing lunch when mother stepped in the kitchen．
妈妈走进厨房的时候，迈克假装正在做午饭。
④I had been lying to myself，pretending that everything was fine．
我一直对自己撒谎，假装一切顺利。
3．To be honest，a lot of people attach great importance to becoming rich and famous．(教材P34)
说实在的，很多人把出名和获利看得很重要。
to be honest(＝to tell the truth/honestly speaking)说实在的；实话说
归纳
拓展
be honest with sb对某人坦诚
It is honest of sb to do sth某人做……是正直的
①Honestly(honest) speaking，I don't want to attend the meeting．
说实在的，我不想出席这个会议。
②Are you being honest about your feelings?
你没有隐瞒你的感情吗？
③It's honest of you to tell us the truth．
你能告诉我们真相说明你很诚实。
attach vt．&vi．系上；缚上；附加；连接
归纳
拓展
attach...to...认为有(重要性、意义)；附上；连接
attach importance/value to(doing) sth认为(做)某事重要/有意义/有重要价值
be attached to热爱；依恋；附属于
④He will attach the label to your luggage．
他会把标签贴在你的行李上。
⑤She attaches great importance to regular exercise．
她认为定期锻炼很重要。
⑥This institute is attached to the University of Texas．
这个研究所附属于得克萨斯大学。
[名师点津]　attach...to...结构中的to为介词，后接动词时要用其-ing形式。
4．But just how do people form a band？(教材P34)
那么，人们又是怎样一起组成乐队的呢？
form vt．(使)组成；形成；构成 n．表格；形式；状态
写出下列句中form的汉语意思
①I regard reading as a form of recreation．形式
②Here's a blank form for you to fill in．表格
③These ideas have been forming in my mind．形成
④Ice, snow and steam are different forms of water．状态
归纳
拓展
form the habit of doing...养成做……的习惯
fill out/in a form填表格
take the form of...采取……的形式
in the form of...以……的形式
⑤He has formed the habit of taking notes in class．
他已经养成了上课做笔记的习惯。
5．Sometimes they may play to passers-by in the street or subway so that they can earn some extra money for themselves or to pay for their instruments．(教材P34)有时他们可能在街上或在地铁里为过路人演奏，这样他们可以为自己或自己要买的乐器多挣一些钱。
earn vt．赚；挣得；获得；赢得
归纳
拓展
earn/make money挣钱
earn one's respect/reputation赢得尊重/名誉
earn one's/a living＝make a living谋生
①He earns his(he)living by teaching at a language school．
他在语言学校教书以维持生计。
②As a teacher，she had earned the respect of her students．
作为教师，她赢得了学生的尊敬。
③Your efforts will earn you a good reputation．
你的努力将会为你赢得佳誉。
6．The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music，most of which was based loosely on the Beatles．(教材P34)
组成乐队的音乐人演奏音乐，还彼此打趣逗笑。这些玩笑和音乐大多都在模仿“甲壳虫”乐队。
play jokes/a joke on和……开玩笑；戏弄……
归纳
拓展
make fun of sb/sth取笑某人/物
laugh at sb/sth嘲笑某人/物
play a trick/tricks on sb捉弄某人
make a joke of sth拿某事当儿戏
①My mother always makes a joke of everything．
我妈妈总是在任何事上都开玩笑。
②It's bad manners to play tricks on someone else．
捉弄别人是不礼貌的行为。
③Why do you always make fun of me?
你为什么总是嘲弄我呢？
7．As some of these actors could not sing well enough，they had to rely on other musicians to help them．(教材P34)因为这些演员中有些人唱得不是很好，他们不得不靠队里其他乐手来帮助他们。
rely on/upon依靠；信任
归纳
拓展
depend on/upon依赖；依靠
rely on/upon...for...依靠……提供……
rely on sb/sth to do sth依靠某人/某物做某事
rely on/upon it that...依靠/指望/相信……
①All living things rely on the sun for growth．
万物的生长都依靠太阳。
②You may rely on it that he will come on time．
你放心好了，他会按时来的。
③We should rely/depend on/upon science and technology to build(build) our country．
我们应该依靠科学和技术来建设我们的国家。
8．They were so popular that their fans formed clubs in order to get more familiar with them．(教材P34)
他们非常受欢迎使得歌迷们为了更加熟悉他们而成立了俱乐部。
familiar adj．熟悉的；常见的；亲近的
sb be/get familiar with sth某人对某物熟悉
sth be/get familiar to sb某物为某人所熟悉
①He studies hard to get familiar with the field of the computer．
他为了熟悉电脑领域，努力学习。
②The nursery rhyme is very familiar to me．
我对这首摇曲很熟悉。
[语境串记]　I am familiar with Tom，so his voice on the phone sounds familiar to me．
我对汤姆很熟悉，所以他在电话里的声音我听起来很熟悉。
9．The band broke up about 1970，but happily they reunited in the mid-1980s．(教材P34)
这支乐队在1970年左右解散了，但令人高兴的是，到20世纪80年代中期他们再次聚首。
break up打碎；分裂；解体；结束
写出下列句中break up的汉语意思
①They responded that there were several reasons why the music band broke up．解体
②The meeting broke up at eleven o'clock．结束
③The ship broke up on the rocks．打碎
归纳
拓展
break down损坏；(把化合物等)分解；(汽车)抛锚；垮掉
break in非法闯入；插嘴；打断
break into破门而入，非法闯入
break out(战争、火灾、疫病等)突然发生，爆发
break away from...从……中脱离出去
④The prisoner broke away from the policeman who was holding him．
囚犯从警察手中挣脱逃掉了。
⑤She broke in with some suggestions of her own．
她插了话，提出了她自己的一些建议。
Writing
如何写征求建议的信件
征求建议的信件，一般分三个部分来写：
1．首先说明自己的情况，写信的目的；
2．第二步要讲明自己面临的困难和问题，要简洁明晰；
3．请求对方给出建议，并且在信的结尾要向对方表示感谢。
[典型句式]
★自我介绍，征求建议
My name is...I'm writing to you for some advice on...
I'm writing a letter to you to get some advice on ...
Please give me some advice and I will appreciate it very much．
★陈述自己面临的困难和问题
I have a new friend．However, ...
I can hardly bear/tolerate/put up with it any longer．
I have great difficulty/trouble in doing...
I don't know how to learn English．
I really feel lonely at the new school．
I find it difficult to...
★请求对方给出建议
What do you think is the best way for us?
Do you think it's a good idea to...?
I don't know what we should do to achieve this goal．
Could you please tell me...?
I would appreciate it if...
I would be grateful if...
假设你叫李华，欲与本校另外四名同学组建一支乐队，但缺乏经验，请就以下情况或问题给知名音乐人卡曾斯(Cousins)先生发一封电子邮件以寻求帮助。
1．成员中有三名男生和两名女生，均喜欢流行音乐与现代舞蹈。
2．每周只在周末排练，时间是否够用？初期演唱宜多元化还是一种风格？
3．怎样获得较多的表演机会？
4．希望他能为乐队取个名字。
注意：词数100左右，开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Mr．Cousins，




Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
[写作要点]
1．首段点明身份及写信目的。
2．中段介绍所遇问题，即求助内容，可用first，second，last或to begin with，besides，what's more等依次陈述。
3．尾段写希望得到别人的帮助，并盼回复，可用Would you like to give us some advice？或I/We'd appreciate it if you would come up with...for...或We are thankful for you to...
范文示例
Dear Mr．Cousins，
I'm Li Hua．①Since you are a well-known musician，I'm writing this E-mail to②ask you for some advice on how to ②form a band．
I, together with two boys and two girls in our school，want to form a band．Not only are we all fond of pop music，but we like modern dance as well, both of which make our life colorful．I'd like to know①whether we should play one kind of music or different styles to start with．And is it enough to practise only at weekends？③Besides, how can we get more chances to perform? We'd appreciate it if you would come up with a name for our band．
Looking forward to your reply．
Best wishes!
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
亮点点评
本篇文章表意完整，条理清楚，开篇点明目的，内容叙述完整，末尾提出美好期盼，句与句之间过渡合理，是一篇不错的习作。
①since，whether引导的从句使表达的内容充实丰富。
②ask...for advice，form a band等短语运用恰当。
③过渡性词语Besides等的运用使上下文过渡自然。
假定你是李华，正在一所英国学校上暑期课程，你遇到了一些困难，希望能够得到学校学习中心(Learning Center)的帮助。根据学校规定，你需要书面预约，请按照下列要点写一封信：
1．本人简介；
2．求助内容；
3．约定时间；
4．你的联系方式(Email：lihua@126．com；Tel：12345678)
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头及结束语已为你写好(不计入总词数)。
Dear Sir/Madam，


Looking forward to your immediate reply．
Yours，
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Sir/Madam，
I'm Li Hua, a Chinese student who is taking summer courses in your university．I'm writing to ask for help．
I came here last month and found my courses interesting．But I have some difficulties taking notes and I have no idea how to use the library．I was told that the Learning Center provides help for students, so I'm wondering if I could get some help from you．I have no class on Tuesday mornings and Friday afternoons．Please let me know which day is convenient for you．
You may email or phone me．Here are my email address and telephone number: lihua@ 126．com; 12345678．
Looking forward to your immediate reply．
Yours，
Li Hua