名师解读高考真题系列－高中英语：专题17+阅读新题型

1.【七选五阅读理解】【2016·全国新课标I】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Secret
codes
(密码)keep
messages
private。Banks,
companies,
and
government
agencies
use
secret
codes
in
doing
business,
especially
when
information
is
sent
by
computer.
People
have
used
secret
codes
for
thousands
of
years.
36
Code
breaking
never
lags(落后)
far
behind
code
making.
The
science
of
creating
and
reading
coded
messages
is
called
cryptography.
There
are
three
main
types
of
cryptography.
37
For
example,
the
first
letters
of
“My
elephant
eats
too
many
eels”
Spell
out
the
hidden
message
“Meet
me.”
38
You
might
represent
each
letter
with
a
number,
For
example,
Let’s
number
the
letters
of
the
alphabet,
in
order,
from
1
to
26.
If
we
substitute
a
number
for
each
letter,
the
message
“Meet
me”
would
read
“13
5
20
13
5.”
A
code
uses
symbols
to
replace
words,
phrases,
or
sentences.
To
read
the
message
of
a
real
code,
you
must
have
a
code
book.
39
For
example
“bridge“
might
stand
for
“meet”
and
“out”
might
stand
for
“me.”
The
message
“bridge
out”
would
actually
mean
“Meet
me.”
40
However,
it
is
also
hard
to
keep
a
code
book
secret
for
long.
So
codes
must
be
changed
frequently.
A.
It?is?very?hard?to?break?a?code?without?the?code?book.
B.
In?any?language,?some?letters?are?used?more?than?others.
C.
Only?people?who?know?the?keyword?can?read?the?message.
D.
As?long?as?there?have?been?codes,?people?have?tried?to?break?them.
E.
You?can?hide?a?message?by?having?the?first?letters?of?each?word?spell?it?out.
F.
With?a?code?book,?you?might?write?down?words?that?would?stand?for?other?words.
G.
Another?way?to?hide?a?message?is?to?use?symbols?to?stand?for?specific?letters?of?the?alphabet.
【答案】36.
D
37.
E
38.
G
39.
F
40.
A
2.【社会文化类阅读】【2016·全国新课标II】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A
garden
that’s
just
right
for
you
Have
you
ever
visited
a
garden
that
seemed
just
right
for
you,
where
the
atmosphere
of
the
garden
appeared
to
total
more
than
the
sum(总和)
of
its
parts?
16
.
But
it
doesn’t
happen
by
accident.
It
starts
with
looking
inside
yourself
and
understanding
who
you
are
with
respect
to
the
natural
world
and
how
you
approach
the
gardening
process.
●___17
Some
people
may
think
that
a
garden
is
no
more
than
plants,
flowers,
patterns
and
masses
of
color.
Others
are
concerned
about
using
gardening
methods
that
require
less
water
and
fewer
fertilizers(肥料).
18
.
However,
there
are
a
number
of
other
reasons
that
might
explain
why
you
want
to
garden.
One
of
them
comes
from
our
earliest
years.
●Recall(回忆)your
childhood
memories
Our
model
of
what
a
garden
should
be
often
goes
back
to
childhood.
Grandma’s
rose
garden
and
Dad’s
vegetable
garden
might
be
good
or
bad,
but
that’s
not
what’s
important.
19
--how
being
in
those
gardens
made
us
feel.
If
you’d
like
to
build
a
powerful
bond
with
your
garden,
start
by
taking
some
time
to
recall
the
gardens
of
your
youth.
20
then
go
outside
and
work
out
a
plan
to
translate
your
childhood
memories
into
your
grown-up
garden.
Have
fun.
A.
Know
why
you
garden
B.
Find
a
good
place
for
your
own
garden
C.
It’s
our
experience
of
the
garden
that
matters
D.
It’s
delightful
to
see
so
many
beautiful
flowers
E.
Still
others
may
simply
enjoy
being
outdoors
and
close
to
plants
F.
You
can
produce
that
kind
of
magical
quality
in
your
own
garden,
too
G.
For
each
of
those
gardens,
writer
down
the
strongest
memory
you
have
【答案】16.
F
17.
A
18.
E
19.
C
20.
G
3.【生活类短文阅读】【2016·全国新课标III】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Everyone
knows
that
fish
is
good
for
health.
16
But
it
seems
that
many
people
don’t
cook
fish
at
home.
Americans
eat
only
about
fifteen
pounds
of
fish
per
person
per
year,
but
we
eat
twice
as
much
fish
in
restaurants
as
at
home.
Buying,
storing,
and
cooking
fish
isn’t
difficult.
17
This
text
is
about
how
to
buy
and
cook
fish
in
an
easy
way.
18
Fresh
fish
should
smell
sweet:
you
should
feel
that
you’re
standing
at
the
ocean’s
edge.
Any
fishy
or
strong
smell
means
the
fish
isn’t
fresh.
19
When
you
have
bought
a
fish
and
arrive
home,
you’d
better
store
the
fish
in
the
refrigerator
if
you
don’t
cook
it
immediately,
but
fresh
fish
should
be
stored
in
your
fridge
for
only
a
day
or
two.
Frozen
fish
isn’t
as
tasty
as
the
fresh
one.
There?are?many?common?methods?used?to?cook?fish.??
20?
?First,
lean?it?and?season?it?with?your?choice?of?spices(调料).
Put?the?whole?fish?on?a?plate?and?steam?it?in?a?steam?pot?for?8?to?10?minutes?if?it?weighs?about?one?pound.
(A?larger?one?will?take?more?time.)
Then,
it’s?ready?to?serve.
A.
Do?not?buy?it.
B.
The?easiest?is?to?steam?it.
C.
This?is?how?you?can?do?it.
D.
It?just?requires?a?little?knowledge.
E.
The?fish?will?go?bad?within?hours.
F.
When?buying?fish,
you?should?first?smell?it.
G.
The?fats?in?fish?are?thought?to?help?prevent?heart?disease.
【答案】16.
G
17.
D
18.
F
19.
A
20.
B
4.【科研类短文阅读】【2016·北京】根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The
Science
of
Risk-Seeking
Sometimes
We
decide
that
a
little
unnecessary
danger
is
worth
it
because
when
we
weigh
the
risk
and
the
reward,
the
risk
seems
worth
taking.
71
Some
of
us
enjoy
activities
that
would
surprise
and
scare
the
rest
of
us.
Why?
Experts
say
it
may
have
to
do
with
how
our
brains
work.
The
reason
why
any
of
us
take
any
risks
at
all
might
have
to
do
with
early
humans.
Risk-takers
were
better
at
hunting,
fighting,
or
exploring.
72
As
the
quality
of
Risk-taking
was
passed
from
on
ration
to
the
next,
humans
ended
up
with
a
sense
of
adventure
and
a
tolerance
for
risk.
So
why
aren’t
we
all
jumping
out
of
airplanes
then?
Well,
even
200,000
years
ago,
too
much
risk-taking
could
get
one
Killed.
A
few
daring
survived,
though,
along
with
a
few
stay-in-the-cave
types.
As
a
result,
humans
developed
a
range
of
character
types
that
still
exists
today.
So
maybe
you
love
car
racing,
or
maybe
you
hate
it.
73
No
matter
where
you
are
on
the
risk-seeking
range,
scientists
say
that
your
willingness
to
take
risks
increases
during
your
teenage
years.
74
To
help
you
do
that,
your
brain
increases
your
hunger
for
new
experiences.
New
experiences
often
mean
taking
some
risks,
so
your
brain
raises
your
tolerance
for
risk
as
well.
Mean
taking
some
risks,
so
your
brain
raisers
your
tolerance
for
risk
as
well.
75
For
the
risk-seekers
a
part
of
the
brain
related
to
pleasure
becomes
active,
while
for
the
rest
of
us,
a
part
of
the
brain
related
to
fear
becomes
active.
As
experts
continue
to
study
the
science
of
risk-seeking,
we’ll
continue
to
hit
the
mountains,
the
waves
or
the
shallow
end
of
the
pool.
A.
It
all
depends
on
your
character.
B.
Those
are
the
risks
you
should
jump
to
take.
C.
Being
better
at
those
things
meant
a
greater
chance
of
survival.
D.
Thus,
these
well-equipped
people
survived
because
they
were
the
fittest.
E.
This
is
when
you
start
to
move
away
from
your
family
and
into
the
bigger
world.
F.
However,
we
are
not
all
using
the
same
reference
standard
to
weigh
risks
and
rewards.
G.
New
brain
research
suggests
our
brains
work
differently
when
we
face
a
nervous
situation.
【答案】71.
F
72.
C
73.
A
74.
E
75.
G
5.【健康环保类阅读】【2016·四川】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Both
men
and
women
are
living
longer
these
days
in
industrialized
countries.
16
In
general,
they
can
expect
to
live
six
or
seven
years
more
than
men.
One
reason
for
this
is
biological.
One
important
biological
factor
that
helps
women
live
longer
is
the
difference
in
hormones
between
men
and
women.
17
Between
the
ages
of
about
12
and
50,
women
produce
hormones
that
are
involved
in
fertility(生育能力).
These
hormones
also
have
a
positive
effect
on
the
heart
and
blood
flow.
In
fact,
women
are
less
likely
to
have
high
blood
pressure
or
to
die
from
heart
attacks.
18???They?help?the?body?defend?itself?against?some?kinds?of?infections.?This?means?that?women?generally?ger?sick?less?often?and?less?seriously?than?men.?The?common?cold?is?a?good?example:?women,?on?average,?get?fewer?colds?than?men.19????Scientists?are?still?not?exactly?sure?how?influence?aging,?but?they?believe?that?they?do.?Some?think?that?a?woman’s?body?cells?have?a?tendency(向)?to?age?more?slowly?than?a?man’s.?Others?think?that?a?man’s?body?cells?have?a?tendency?to?age?more?quickly.?20??
A．However,?women,?on?average,?live?longer.
B?.The?biological?factor?plays?an?important?part.
C.?Women?are?also?helped?by?their?female?genes.
D.?The?female?hormones?also?protect?the?body?in?another?way.
E.?Recent?research?seems?to?support?both?of?these?possibilities.
F.?Therefore,?women?are?more?healthy?than?men?and?can?live?a?better?life.
G.?Hormones?are?chemicals?which?are?produced?by?the?body?to?control?carious?body?functions.
【答案】16.A
17.G
18.D
19.C
20.E
6.【生活类短文阅读】【2015·北京卷】第二节（共
5
小题；每小题
2
分。共
10
分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。
This
Way
to
Dreamland
Daydreaming
means
people
think
about
something
pleasant,
especially
when
this
makes
them
forget
what
they
should
be
doing.
Daydreamers
have
a
bad
reputation
for
being
unaware
of
what’s
happening
around
them.
They
can
seem
forgetful
and
clumsy._71__They
annoy
us
because
they
seem
to
be
ignoring
us
and
missing
the
important
things.
But
daydreamers
are
also
responsible
for
some
of
the
greatest
ideas
and
achievements
in
human
history.
__72__
Can
you
imagine
what
kind
of
world
we
would
have
without
such
ideas
and
inventions?
So
how
can
you
come
up
with
brilliant
daydreams
and
avoid
falling
over
tree
roots
or
otherwise
looking
like
a
fool?
First,
understand
that
some
opportunities(机会)
for
daydreaming
are
better
than
others.
Feeling
safe
and
relaxed
will
help
you
to
slip
into
daydreams.__73_
And
if
you
want
to
improve
your
chances
of
having
a
creative
idea
while
you’re
daydreaming,
try
to
do
it
while
you
are
involved
in
another
task—preferably
something
simple,
like
taking
a
shower
or
walking,
or
even
making
meaningless
drawings.
It’s
also
important
to
know
how
to
avoid
daydreams
for
those
times
when
you
really
need
to
concentrate.
“Mindfulness”,
being
focused,
is
a
tool
that
some
people
use
to
avoid
falling
asleep.__74__
Finally,
you
never
know
what
wonderful
idea
might
strike
while
your
mind
has
moved
slowly
away.____75_
Always
remember
that
your
best
ideas
might
come
when
your
head
is
actually
in
the
clouds.
A.
Having
interesting
things
to
think
about
also
helps.
B.
They
stare
off
into
space
and
wander
by
themselves.
C.
Without
wandering
minds,
we
wouldn’t
have
relatively,
Coke
or
Post-it
notes.
D.
At
one
time,
daydreaming
was
thought
to
be
a
cause
of
some
mental
illnesses.
E.
It
involves
slow,
steady
breathing
for
self-control
that
helps
people
stay
calm
and
attentive.
F.
Daydreams
are
often
very
simple
and
direct,
quite
unlike
sleep
dreams,
which
may
be
hard
to
understand.
G.
Therefore,
it’s
a
good
idea
to
keep
a
notebook
or
voice
recorder
nearby
when
you’re
in
the
daydream
zone.
【答案】71.B
72.C
73.E
74.A
75.G
7.【生活类短文阅读】【2015·新课标全国II】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Training
for
a
marathon
requires
careful
preparation
and
steady,
gradual
increases
in
the
length
of
the
runs.
36
,
buy
the
best-fitting
running
shoes
you
can
find.
No
one
can
say
which
brand
will
work
best
for
you
or
feel
best
on
your
feet,
so
you
have
to
rely
on
your
experience
and
on
the
feel
of
each
pair
as
you
shop.
When
you
have
found
shoes
that
seem
right,
walk
in
them
for
a
few
days
to
double-check
the
fit.
37
.
As
always,
you
should
stretch(伸展)
at
least
ten
minutes
before
each
run
to
prevent
injuries.
During
the
first
week,
do
not
think
about
distance,
but
run
five
minutes
longer
each
day.
38
,
it
is
wise
to
take
a
day
off
to
rest.
But
during
the
next
week,
set
a
goal
of
at
least
a
mile
and
a
half
per
run.
39
.
After
two
weeks,
start
timing
yourself.
40
.
Depending
on
the
kind
of
race
you
plan
to
enter,
you
can
set
up
a
timetable
for
the
remaining
weeks
before
the
race.
After
six
days
For
a
good
marathon
runner
Before
you
begin
your
training
With
each
day,
increase
the
distance
by
a
half
mile
If
they
still
feel
good,
you
can
begin
running
in
them
Time
spent
for
preparation
raises
the
quality
of
training
Now
you
are
ready
out
a
goal
of
improving
distance
and
time
【答案】36.
C
37.
E
38.
A
39.
D
40.
G
8.【议论类短文阅读】【2015·新课标全国I】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Building
Trust
in
a
Relationship
Again
Trust
is
a
learned
behavior
that
we
gain
from
past
experiences,
36
.
Trust
is
a
risk.
But
you
can’t
be
successful
when
there’s
a
lack
of
trust
in
a
relationship
that
results
from
an
action
where
the
wrongdoer
takes
no
responsibility
to
fix
the
mistake.
Unfortunately,
we’ve
all
been
victims
of
betrayal.
Whether
we’ve
been
stolen
from,
lied
to
,
misled,
or
cheated
on,
there
are
different
levels
of
losing
trust.
Sometimes
people
simply
can’t
trust
anymore,
37.
It’s
understandable,
but
if
you’re
willing
to
build
trust
in
a
relationship
again,
we
have
some
steps
you
can
take
to
get
you
there.
38
having
confidence
in
yourself
will
help
you
make
better
choices
because
you
can
see
what
the
best
outcome
would
be
for
your
well-being.
39
If
you’ve
been
betrayed,
you
are
the
victim
of
your
circumstance.
But
there’s
a
difference
between
being
a
victim
and
living
with
a
“victim
mentality”.
At
some
point
in
all
of
our
lives,
we’ll
have
our
trust
tested
or
violated.
You
didn’t
lose
“everything”.
Once
trust
is
lost,
what
is
left?
Instead
of
looking
at
the
situation
from
this
hopeless
angle,
look
at
everything
you
still
have
and
be
thankful
for
all
of
the
good
in
your
life.
40
instead,
it’s
a
healthy
way
to
work
through
the
experience
to
allow
room
for
positive
growth
and
forgiveness.
Learn
to
really
trust
yourself.
It
is
putting
confidence
in
someone.
Stop
regarding
yourself
as
the
victim.
Remember
that
you
can
expect
the
best
in
return.
They’ve
been
too
badly
hurt
and
they
can’t
bear
to
let
it
happen
again.
This
knowledge
carries
over
in
their
attitude
toward
their
future
relationships.
Seeing
the
positive
side
of
things
doesn’t
mean
you’re
ignoring
what
happened.
【答案】36.
B
37.
E
38.
A
39.
C
40.
G
2017年真题
1.【选句填空】【2017·全国卷Ⅰ】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If
anyone
had
told
me
three
years
ago
that
I
would
be
spending
most
of
my
weekends
camping,
I
would
have
laughed
heartily.
Campers,
in
my
eyes,
were
people
who
enjoyed
insect
bites,
ill?cooked
meals,
and
uncomfortable
sleeping
bags.
They
had
nothing
in
common
with
me.
__36__
The
friends
who
introduced
me
to
camping
thought
that
it
meant
to
be
a
pioneer.
__37__
We
slept
in
a
tent,
cooked
over
an
open
fire,
and
walked
a
long
distance
to
take
the
shower
and
use
the
bathroom.
This
brief
visit
with
Mother
Nature
cost
me
two
days
off
from
work,
recovering
from
a
bad
case
of
sunburn
and
the
doctor's
bill
for
my
son's
food
poisoning.
I
was,
nevertheless,
talked
into
going
on
another
fun?filled
holiday
in
the
wilderness.
__38__
Instead,
we
had
a
pop?up
camper
with
comfortable
beds
and
an
air
conditioner.
My
nature?loving
friends
had
remembered
to
bring
all
the
necessities
of
life.
__39__
We
have
done
a
lot
of
it
since.
Recently,
we
bought
a
twenty?eight?foot
travel
trailer
complete
with
a
bathroom
and
a
built?in
TV
set.
There
is
a
separate
bedroom,
a
modern
kitchen
with
a
refrigerator.
The
trailer
even
has
matching
carpet
and
curtains.
__40__
It
must
be
true
that
sooner
or
later,
everyone
finds
his
or
her
way
back
to
nature.
I
recommend
that
you
find
your
way
in
style.
A．This
time
there
was
no
tent.
B．Things
are
going
to
be
improved.
C．The
trip
they
took
me
on
was
a
rough
one.
D．I
was
to
learn
a
lot
about
camping
since
then,
however.
E．I
must
say
that
I
have
certainly
come
to
enjoy
camping.
F．After
the
trip,
my
family
became
quite
interested
in
camping.
G．There
was
no
shade
as
the
trees
were
no
more
than
3
feet
tall.
36.
D　根据前文可知，三年前作者认为露营和自己无关，而后文中表明作者热爱露营。此处暗示作者对待露营的态度应该出现转变。D选项中的however起到了很好的转折作用。其次，“If
anyone
had
told
me
three
years
ago
that
I
would
be
spending
most
of
my
weekends
camping…”暗示作者态度的转变就在三年前，D选项中的since
then“自从那时候起”和前文时间吻合。故选D。
37.
C　根据后文的“We
slept
in
a
tent,
cooked
over
an
open
fire,
and
walked
a
long
distance
to
take
the
shower
and
use
the
bathroom.”可知，作者第一次露营时条件很艰苦。C选项“The
trip
they
took
me
on
was
a
rough
one.”中的rough暗示了这一点，符合语境。故选C。
38.
A　根据前文“We
slept
in
a
tent,
cooked
over
an
open
fire,
and
walked
a
long
distance
to
take
the
shower
and
use
the
bathroom.”可知，作者第一次露营时住帐篷，露天生火做饭，走很远的距离去洗澡和上厕所，条件很艰苦。而后文中“Instead,
we
had
a
pop?up
camper
with
comfortable
beds
and
an
air
conditioner.”说明作者第二次露营时有床有空调，而A选项“This
time
there
was
no
tent.”(这次没有帐篷了)暗示作者进行了第二次露营，而且条件比较好，符合语境。故选A。
39.
F　根据后文的“…we
bought
a
twenty?eight?foot
travel
trailer
complete
with
a
bathroom
and
a
built?in
TV
set.
There
is
a
separate
bedroom,
a
modern
kitchen
with
a
refrigerator.
The
trailer
even
has
matching
carpet
and
curtains.”可知，作者一家为了露营买了野营车，里面设备齐全。这说明作者一家人是喜欢露营的。F选项“After
the
trip,
my
family
became
quite
interested
in
camping.”(那次露营之后，我的家人开始对它感兴趣)符合语境，故选F。
【名师点睛】
七选五的考查形式是给考生呈现一篇缺了五句话的英语文章，并要求考生根据文章的结构、逻辑、上下文的内容选出相应的五句话填入空白处将文章补充完整。具体的解题步骤有以下几点：
步骤一：快速浏览一遍七个备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常有三个四个位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。有时有的答案表述上就是错误的，可以直接从备选项中清除，以降低难度。
步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。一般说来，记叙文的语言是按时间发展顺序或因果关系排列的，常用的连接词有：then,
later,
after
that,
soon,
after
a
while,
in
the
end,
so,
as
a
result,
because
of
that等。说明文常采用总-分-总的结构形式，第一段说明要说明的主题，下面几段多是从不同的角度来说明问题，最后总结，所以各段之间多是平行关系，经常出现举例说明的现象。议论文先抛出议题，然后从正反两个方面进行讨论，最后得出结论。新闻体裁的应用文首句为主题句，下面展开细节性的报道。
步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。分析文章的层次包含两种形式：一种是分析整篇文章的层次，也就是段落，说明文和议论文这样体裁的文章，每段的第一句多是主题句。找到主题句有助于帮助确定选择的范围，即所选句子必须和该段主题一致。另一种是分析每一个段落内部的层次，也就是语篇层次。要真正体会句际间的意义关系，把握作者的思路，从语序上去发现断续点，理清层次。
步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。文章的衔接手段有：重复式用某一词语或子范畴的词语，使用同义语表达，用总称指代具体事物或用具体事物指代整体，使用代词避免重复等。上述方法有助于段落的思路平稳在句子之间过渡。连贯使文章的每个段落、每个句子甚至每个短语融为一体。段落一致与句子衔接是文章连贯的两个必要因素。
步骤五：区分相似项七选五备选答案中有两个多余的选项，会对文章中两个空的选择构成干扰，这时要特别细致地比对相似选项，方法和答阅读理解时区分相似项一样。
步骤六：用代入法，检查答案是否合理。将所有选择答案放回空白处，通读全文，检查文章内容是否语义连贯合理、紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。
2.【日常生活类阅读】【2017·全国卷Ⅱ】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Interruptions
are
one
of
the
worst
things
to
deal
with
while
you're
trying
to
get
work
done.
__36__，there
are
several
ways
to
handle
things.
Let's
take
a
look
at
them
now.
__37__．Tell
the
person
you're
sorry
and
explain
that
you
have
a
million
things
to
do
and
then
ask
if
the
two
of
you
can
talk
at
a
different
time.
When
people
try
to
interrupt
you，have
set
hours
planned
and
let
them
know
to
come
back
during
that
time
or
that
you'll
find
them
then.
__38__.
It
can
help
to
eliminate
(消除)
future
interruptions.
When
you
need
to
talk
to
someone，don't
do
it
in
your
own
office.
__39__，
it's
much
easier
to
excuse
yourself
to
get
back
to
your
work
than
if
you
try
to
get
someone
out
of
your
space
even
after
explaining
how
busy
you
are.
If
you
have
a
door
to
your
office，make
good
use
of
it.
__40__.
If
someone
knocks
and
it's
not
an
important
matter,
excuse
yourself
and
let
the
person
know
you're
busy
so
they
can
get
the
hint
(暗示)
that
when
the
door
is
closed，you're
not
to
be
disturbed.
A．If
you're
busy,
don’t
feel
bad
about
saying
no
B．When
you
want
to
avoid
interruptions
at
work
C．Set
boundaries
for
yourself
as
far
as
your
time
goes
D．If
you’re
in
the
other
person’s
office
or
in
a
public
area
E．It’s
important
that
you
let
them
know
when
you’ll
be
available
F．It
might
seem
unkind
to
cut
people
short
when
they
interrupt
you
G．Leave
it
open
when
you're
available
to
talk
and
close
it
when
you're
not
38.
E　考查上下文的语境理解。前句说需要让对方知道你安排了见面时间，该句说明其重要性，后句说这样可以消除后续烦扰。此处围绕时间安排进行讨论，主题明了。
39.
D　考查上下文的语境理解。前句提倡不要在自己的办公室会见别人，后文提倡去会见者的办公室谈事，自己谈完可以随时退出，减少他人的无端打扰。
40.
G　考查上下文的语境理解。有空时打开办公室大门，让对方知道你有空谈事，而自己正忙时关闭房门可避免打扰。
3.【社会生活类说明文】【2017·全国卷Ⅲ】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Lots
of
people
find
it
hard
to
get
up
in
the
morning,
and
put
the
blame
on
the
alarm
clock.
In
fact,
the
key
to
easy
morning
wake?up
lies
in
resetting
your
body
clock.
__36__
Here's
how
to
make
one.
●__37__
In
order
to
make
a
change,
you
need
to
decide
why
it's
important.
Do
you
want
to
get
up
in
time
to
have
breakfast
with
your
family,
get
in
some
exercise,
or
just
be
better
prepared
for
your
day?
Once
you
are
clear
about
your
reasons,
tell
your
family
or
room?mates
about
the
change
you
want
to
make.
●Rethink
mornings.
Now
that
you
know
why
you
want
to
wake
up,
consider
rearranging
your
morning
activities.
If
you
want
time
to
have
breakfast
with
your
family,
save
some
time
the
night
before
by
setting
out
clothes,
shoes,
and
bags.
__38__
That's
a
quarter?hour
more
you
could
be
sleeping
if
you
bought
a
coffee
maker
with
a
timer.
●Keep
your
sleep/wake
schedule
on
weekends.
If
you're
tired
out
by
Friday
night,
sleeping
in
on
Saturday
could
sound
wonderful.
But
compensating
on
the
weekends
actually
feeds
into
your
sleepiness
the
following
week,
a
recent
study
found.
__39__
●Keep
a
record
and
evaluate
it
weekly.
Keep
track
of
your
efforts
and
write
down
how
you
feel.
After
you've
tried
a
new
method
for
a
week,
take
a
look
at
your
record.
__40__
If
not,
take
another
look
at
other
methods
you
could
try.
A．Get
a
sleep
specialist.
B．Find
the
right
motivation.
C．A
better
plan
for
sleep
can
help.
D．And
consider
setting
a
second
alarm.
E．If
the
steps
you
take
are
working,
keep
it
up.
F．Stick
to
your
set
bedtime
and
wake?up
time,
no
matter
the
day.
G．Reconsider
the
15
minutes
you
spend
in
line
at
the
cafe
to
get
coffee.
4.【科教类阅读】【2017·北京卷】
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Every
animal
sleeps，but
the
reason
for
this
has
remained
foggy.
When
lab
rats
are
not
allowed
to
sleep，they
die
within
a
month.
__71__
One
idea
is
that
sleep
helps
us
strengthen
new
memories.
__72__
We
know
that，while
awake，fresh
memories
are
recorded
by
reinforcing
(加强)connections
between
brain
cells，but
the
memory
processes
that
take
place
while
we
sleep
have
been
unclear.
Support
is
growing
for
a
theory
that
sleep
evolved
so
that
connections
between
neurons(神经元)
in
the
brain
can
be
weakened
overnight，making
room
for
fresh
memories
to
form
the
next
day.
__73__
Now
we
have
the
most
direct
evidence
yet
that
he
is
right.
__74__
The
synapses
in
the
mice
taken
at
the
end
of
a
period
of
sleep
were
18
per
cent
smaller
than
those
taken
before
sleep，showing
that
the
connections
between
neurons
weaken
while
sleeping.
If
Tononi's
theory
is
right，it
would
explain
why，when
we
miss
a
night's
sleep,
we
find
it
harder
the
next
day
to
concentrate
and
learn
new
information—our
brains
may
have
smaller
room
for
new
experiences.
Their
research
also
suggests
how
we
may
build
lasting
memories
over
time
even
though
the
synapses
become
thinner.
The
team
discovered
that
some
synapses
seem
to
be
protected
and
stayed
the
same
size.
__75__
“You
keep
what
matters，”Tononi
says.
A．We
should
also
try
to
sleep
well
the
night
before.
B．It's
as
if
the
brain
is
preserving
its
most
important
memories.
C．Similarly,
when
people
go
for
a
few
days
without
sleeping,
they
get
sick.
D．The
processes
take
place
to
stop
our
brains
becoming
loaded
with
memories.
E．That's
why
students
do
better
in
tests
if
they
get
a
chance
to
sleep
after
learning.
F．“Sleep
is
the
price
we
pay
for
learning，”
says
Giulio
Tononi,
who
developed
the
idea.
G．Tononi's
team
measured
the
size
of
these
connections,
or
synapses,
in
the
brains
of
12
mice.
72．E　第二段首句提出了第一个观点：睡眠帮助我们增强新的记忆。这就解释了为什么学生们在学习之后开始睡觉会在考试中发挥得更好。所以答案选
E。
73．F　该空为第三段最后一句话，是对整段内容的总结：睡眠会使有些记忆衰弱，从而为新记忆腾出空间。按Tononi的话说，即“睡眠是我们为学习付出的代价”。故答案为F。
74．G　该空为第四段第二句话。
第四段首句说现在我们有直接证据证明
Tononi
的观点是对的，
那接下来讲的应该是Tononi团队是如何通过实验证明的，
G选项指出了实验是怎么做的，故选G。
75．B　只有B项中“preserving
its
most
important
memories”与后句“…you
keep
what
matters…”相呼应。也就是说，
重要的记忆会被保留下来。故选B。
5.【日常生活类阅读】【2017·浙江卷6月考】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How
to
do
man?on?the?street
interviews
The
man?on?the?street
interview
is
an
interview
in
which
a
reporter
hits
the
streets
with
a
cameraman
to
interview
people
on
the
spot.__31__
But
with
these
tips,
your
first
man?on?the?street
interview
experience
can
be
easy.
●When
your
boss
or
professor
sends
you
out
to
do
man?on?the?street
interviews
for
a
story,
think
about
the
topic
and
develop
a
list
of
about
ten
general
questions
relating
to
it.
For
example,
if
your
topic
is
about
environmental
problems
in
America,
you
might
ask,
“Why
do
you
think
environmental
protection
is
important
in
America？”
__32__
●Hit
the
streets
with
confidence.
__33__
Say,
“Excuse
me,
I
work
for
XYZ
News,
and
I
was
wondering
if
you
could
share
your
opinion
about
this
topic.”
This
is
a
quick
way
to
get
people
to
warm
up
to
you.
●Move
on
to
the
next
person
if
someone
tells
you
she
is
not
interested
in
talking
on
camera.
Don't
get
discouraged.
●
__34__
Each
interview
that
you
get
on
the
street
shouldn't
be
longer
than
ten
minutes.
As
soon
as
you
get
the
answer
you
need,
move
on
to
the
next
person.
Make
sure
that
as
you
go
from
interview
to
interview,
you
are
getting
a
variety
of
answers.
If
everyone
is
giving
you
the
same
answer,
you
won't
be
able
to
use
it.
A
safe
number
of
interviews
to
conduct
is
about
six
to
ten.
__35__
●
If
your
news
station
or
school
requires
interviewees
to
sign
release
forms
to
appear
on
the
air,
don't
leave
work
without
them.
A.
Limit
your
time.
B.
As
you
approach
people,
be
polite.
C.
If
you
don't
own
a
camera,
you
can
buy
one.
D.
For
new
reporters,
this
can
seem
like
a
challenging
task.
E．To
get
good
and
useful
results,
ask
them
the
same
question.
F．That
number
of
interviews
should
give
you
all
the
answers
you
need.
G．With
a
question
like
this,
you
will
get
more
than
a
“Yes”
or
“No”
reply.
32.
G　考查上下文的语境理解。本选项是结尾句。由其前“Why
do
you
think…”等可知，提问不要使用可以用“Yes”或“No”来简单回答的问题，而应该采用些能让被采访者多说话的问题，由此选用G选项。
33.
B　考查上下文的语境理解。本选项是连接句。由该句前面的confidence和下文的“‘…Excuse
me…’”可知，提问者要自信，同时也要有礼貌，所以选用B选项。
34.
A　考查段落主题句。由其后的“…shouldn't
be
longer
than
ten
minutes…move
on
to
the
next
person.”可知，采访的时间要控制，不可过长，所以选用A选项。
35.
F　考查上下文的语境理解。本选项是段中结尾句。根据上文的“
A
safe
number
of
interviews
to
conduct
is
about
six
to
ten.”可知，采访的次数要适当，6～10次为宜，这个数量的采访就可以使你获得你需要的所有答案，所以选用F选项。