名师解读高考真题系列－高中英语：专题20+完形填空之议论文和说明文类

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1.【说明文阅读】【2016·上海】Reading
Comprehension
Section
A
Directions:
For
each
blank
in
the
following
passage
there
are
four
words
or
phrases
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
word
or
phrase
that
best
fits
the
context.
In
the
1960s,
Douglas
McGregor,
one
of
the
key
thinkers
in
the
art
of
management,
developed
the
mow
famous
Theory
X
and
Theory
Y.
Theory
X
is
the
idea
that
people
instinctively
51
work
and
will
do
anything
to
avoid
it.
Theory
Y
is
the
view
that
everyone
has
the
potential
to
find
satisfaction
in
work.
In
any
case,
despite
so
much
evidence
to
the
52
,
many
managers
still
agree
to
Theory
X.
They
believe,
53
,
that
their
employees
need
constant
supervision
if
they
are
to
work
effectively,
or
that
decisions
must
be
imposed
from
54
without
consultation.
This,
of
course,
makes
for
authoritarian
(专制的)
managers.
Different
cultures
have
different
ways
of
55
people.
Unlike
authoritarian
management,
some
cultures,
particularly
in
Asia,
are
well
known
for
the
consultative
nature
of
decision-making—all
members
of
the
department
or
work
group
are
asked
to
56
to
this
process.
This
is
management
by
the
collective
opinion.
Many
western
companies
have
tried
to
imitate
such
Asian
ways
of
doing
things,
which
are
based
on
general
57
.
Some
experts
say
that
women
will
become
more
effective
managers
than
men
because
they
have
the
power
to
reach
common
goals
in
a
way
that
traditional
58
managers
cannot.
A
recent
trend
has
been
to
encourage
employees
to
use
their
own
initiative,
to
make
decisions
on
their
own
without
59
managers
first.
This
empowerment
(授权)
has
been
part
of
the
trend
towards
downsizing:
60
the
number
of
management
layers
in
companies.
After
de-layering
in
this
way,
a
company
may
be
61
with
just
a
top
level
of
senior
managers,
front-line
managers
and
employees
with
direct
contact
with
the
public.
Empowerment
takes
the
idea
of
delegation
(委托)
much
further
than
has
62
been
the
case.
Empowerment
and
delegation
mean
new
forms
of
management
control
to
63
that
the
overall
business
plan
is
being
followed,
and
that
operations
become
more
profitable
under
the
new
organization,
rather
than
less.
Another
trend
is
off-site
or
64
management,
where
teams
of
people
linked
by
e-mail
and
the
Internet
work
on
projects
from
their
own
houses.
Project
managers
evaluate
the
65
of
the
team
members
in
terms
of
what
they
produce
for
projects,
rather
than
the
amount
of
time
they
spend
on
them.21教育网
51.
A.
desire
B.
seek
C.
lose
D.
dislike
52.
A.
contrary
B.
expectation
C.
degree
D.
extreme
53.
A.
vice
versa
B.
for
example
C.
however
D.
otherwise
54.
A.
outside
B.
inside
C.
below
D.
above
55.
A.
replacing
B.
assessing
C.
managing
D.
encouraging
56.
A.
refer
B.
contribute
C.
object
D.
apply
57.
A.
agreement
B.
practice
C.
election
D.
impression
58.
A.
bossy
B.
experienced
C.
western
D.
male
59.
A.
asking
B.
training
C.
warning
D.
firing
60.
A.
doubling
B.
maintaining
C.
reducing
D.
estimating
61.
A.
honored
B.
left
C.
crowded
D.
compared
62.
A.
economically
B.
traditionally
C.
inadequately
D.
occasionally
63.
A.
deny
B.
admit
C.
assume
D.
ensure
64.
A.
virtual
B.
ineffective
C.
day-to-day
D.
on-the-scene
65.
A.
opinion
B.
risk
C.
performance
D.
attractiveness
【答案】51.?D???
52.?A???
53.?B???
54.?D???
55.?C???
56.?B???
57.?A???
58.?D???
59.?A???
60.?C?
61.?B???
62.?B???
63.?D???
64.?A???
65.?C???
21世纪教育网版权所有
2.【社会现象类短文】【2015·广东】完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1~15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。21cnjy.com
How
long
can
human
beings
live?
Most
scientists
who
study
old
age
think
that
the
human
body
is
___1___
to
live
no
longer
than
120
years.
However,
110
years
is
probably
the
longest
that
anyone
could
hope
to
live
——
if
he
or
she
is
___2___
healthy
and
lucky.
Some
scientists
even
say
we
can
live
as
long
as
130
years!
Yet,
our
cells
simply
cannot
continue
to
reproduce
___3___.
They
wear
out,
and
as
a
result,
we
get
old
and
___4___
die.2·1·c·n·j·y
Even
though
we
can’t
live
forever,
we
are
living
a
___5___
life
than
ever
before.
In
1900,
the
average
American
life
span
(寿命)
was
only
47
years,
but
today
it
is
75
years!
When
does
old
age
begin
then?
Sixty-five
may
be
out-of-date
as
the
___6___
line
between
middle
age
and
old
age.
After
all,
many
older
people
don’t
begin
to
experience
physical
and
mental
___7___
until
after
age
75.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
People
are
living
longer
because
more
people
___8___
childhood.
Before
modern
medicine
changed
the
laws
of
nature,
many
children
died
of
common
childhood
___9___.
Now
that
the
chances
of
dying
___10___
are
much
lower,
the
chances
of
living
long
are
much
higher
due
to
better
diets
and
health
care.www-2-1-cnjy-com
On
the
whole,
our
population
is
getting
older.
The
___11___
in
our
population
will
have
lasting
effects
on
our
social
development
and
our
way
of
life.
Some
people
fear
such
changes
will
be
for
the
worse,
while
some
see
___12___,
not
disaster,
many
men
and
women
in
their
“golden
years”
are
healthy,
still
active,
and
young
in
___13___
if
not
in
age.2-1-c-n-j-y
As
the
society
grows
old,
we
need
the
___14___
of
our
older
citizens.
With
long
lives
ahead
of
them,
they
need
to
___15___
active
and
devoted.21
cnjy
com
1.
A.
designed
B.
selected
C.
improved
D.
discovered
2.
A.
completely
B.
generally
C.
apparently
D.
extremely【来源：21cnj
y.co
m】
3.
A.
rapidly
B.
harmlessly
C.
endlessly
D.
separately
4.
A.
eventually
B.
hopelessly
C.
automatically
D.
desperately
5.
A.
busier
B.
longer
C.
richer
D.
happier
6.
A.
finishing
B.
guiding
C.
waiting
D.
dividing21·cn·jy·com
7.
A.
stress
B.
damage
C.
decline
D.
failure【出处：21教育名师】
8.
A.
survive
B.
enjoy
C.
remember
D.
value【版权所有：21教育】
9.
A.
problems
B.
fears
C.
worries
D.
diseases21
cnjy
com
10.
A.
poor
B.
young
C.
sick
D.
quiet
11.
A.
changes
B.
recovery
C.
safety
D.
increases
12.
A.
dreams
B.
chances
C.
strengths
D.
choiceswww.21-cn-jy.com
13.
A.
mind
B.
appearance
C.
voice
D.
movement21·世纪
教育网
14.
A.
protection
B.
suggestions
C.
contributions
D.
permission
15.
A.
sound
B.
appear
C.
turn
D.
stay21教育名师原创作品
【答案】1.A
2.D
3.C
4.A
5.B
6.D
7.C
8.A
9.D
10.B
11.A
12.B
13.A
14.C
15.D
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)