2017-2018学年高一英语人教版（必修3）Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars Warming Up & Pre-reading & Readin

Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars
Warming Up & Pre-reading & Reading & Comprehending
Key Words
1. astronomy n. 天文学
2. system n. 系统；体系；制度→systematic adj. 系统的；有条理的
3. religion n. 宗教；宗教信仰→religious adj. 宗教的；虔诚的
4. theory n. 学说；理论
5. violent adj. 猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violence n. 暴力；暴行→violently adv. 猛烈地，剧烈地
6. atmosphere n. 大气层；气氛
7. unlike prep. 与……不同，不像
8. fundamental adj. 基本的，基础的→fundament n. 基础
9. harmful adj. 有害的→harm vt. & n. 伤害，损害，危害
10. chain n. 链子；链锁；锁链
11. multiply vt. & vi. 乘；增加
12. oxygen n. 氧
13. exist vi. 存在；生存→existent n. 生存者 adj. 生存的→existence n. 存在；生活
14. thus adv. 因此；于是
15. puzzle n. 谜；难题 vt. & vi. (使)迷惑；(使)为难→puzzled adj. 困惑的；茫然的
16. biology n. 生物学→biologist n. 生物学家
17. gravity n. 万有引力；重力
18. satellite n. 卫星，人造卫星
19. gentle adj. 温和的；文雅的→gently adv. 温和地；温柔地，轻轻地
20. physicist n. 物理学家→physics n. 物理学→physical adj. 物质的；身体的；物理的
Key Phrases
1. in time 及时；终于 2. lay eggs 下蛋
3. give birth to 产生；分娩 4. in one’s turn 轮到某人
5. prevent...from 阻止，制止
6. block out 挡住(光线)
Key Sentence
It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earth’s atmosphere. (be to do)

1. violent
◆adj. 猛烈的，激烈的；凶暴的。常见用法：
a violent wind 暴风
a violent language 激烈的语言
a violent attack 猛烈的攻击
violent behavior 暴力行为
?The violent windstorms are frequently accompanied by rain, snow, or hail. 强烈的风暴经常伴随着雨、雪或冰雹。?
?There is a great concern about the violent behavior among adolescents. 人们非常关注青少年的暴力行为。??
【拓展延伸】
violence n. 暴力；暴行
violently adv. 猛烈地；剧烈地
用violent的适当形式填空
1. They consider it almost a crime to expose children to _____________ on TV.
2. This drug can make some people _____________ ill.
3. We should stop ______________ behavior.
【答案】
1. violence
2. violently
3. violent
2. in time
◆及时；终于。常见用法：
in time for sth./to do sth. 做某事及时/来得及做某事
?They were just in time for the bus. 他们及时赶上了公交车。?
?She arrived just in time to take the exam. 她到的正是时候，刚好赶上参加考试。
【拓展延伸】
on time准时，按时
in no time立即，马上
at no time绝不(放在句首时，句子须倒装)
at a time一次；每次
at one time曾经，一度
at times有时
for the time being暂时
take one’s time别着急；慢慢来
against time争分夺秒地，尽快地
?The boss ordered that the work should be done on time. 老板吩咐工作必须按时完成。
?At no time in her life has she been braver than in that case. 她一生中从来没有像那一回那么勇敢。
?You can take your time to pay the debt you owe me. 你欠我的债可以慢慢还。

用time的相关短语填空
1. ____________________ did I feel they were being unreasonable.
2. I want to be home ____________________ for tea.
3. You’d better do one thing ____________________, so that you can concentrate on it.
4. ____________________, that kind of thing would have made me really angry.
5. As a proverb goes, ＂Where there is a will, there is a way.＂ Our efforts will pay off ____________________.
常言道，＂有志者事竟成＂，我们的努力迟早会有所回报。
6. ____________________, we are going to bring along about five hundred books with us for your class.)
同时，我们将给你们班带去大约500本书。
【答案】
1. At no time 2. in time
3. at a time 4. At one time
5. in time 6. At the same time
3. harmful
◆adj. 有害的。常见用法：
be harmful to sb./sth. 对……有害
?Why it is harmful to health to eat too much? 为什么吃太多对健康有害??
?Smoking is harmful to your health. 抽烟对你的健康有害。?
【拓展延伸】
1. harm vt. 损害，伤害 n. 损害
harm sb./sth. 伤害某人/某事物
do sb. harm/do harm to sb. 对某人有害
do more harm than good 弊大于利
There is (no) harm in (sb.’s) doing sth. (某人)做某事有(无)害处。
It does (no) harm (for sb.) to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事有(无)害处。
mean no harm 没有恶意
2. harmfully adv. 有害地
3. harmless adj. 无害的
be harmless to对……无害
?Do you think that drinking will do harm to your health? 你认为喝酒会对你的健康有害吗?
?He means no harm by saying what he thinks. 他说出自己的想法，并无什么恶意。
单句语法填空
1. Such laws could protect the consumer from ______________(harm) or dangerous remedies.
2. Although this radiation may ______________ (harm) our bodies, it can severely inhibit our ability to receive and transmit information.
3. Don’t believe him. No harm _______________ (do) to him ever since.
4. As second-hand smoking is more ______________(harm) and dangerous, people want a total ban against smoking in public.
5. They don’t usually employ untrained workers, but there’s no harm _____________(try) your fortune.
4. lay
◆v. 放置；搁；下蛋；产卵。常用短语：
lay eggs 下蛋
lay sth. aside 把某物放在一边；积蓄(钱)
lay sth. down 把某物放下
lay the blame on sb. 责备某人
lay the table 摆桌子
lay emphasis / stress on sth. 把重点放在某事/某物上
?They produced young generally by laying eggs. 它们一般通过孵蛋来繁衍后代。
【易混辨析】lie/lie/lay
动词原形
意义
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
lie
说谎
lied
lied
lying
lie
躺；卧；位于
lay
lain
lying
lay
放置；产卵
laid
laid
laying
完成句子
1. The bird often ______________ its eggs in other birds’ nests.
这种鸟常把蛋产在其他鸟的巢里。
2. He would ______________ some money aside for rainy days.
他把一些钱放起来以备用。
3. The naughty boy ______________ (lie) to me that the hen that ______________ (lie) there just now had ______________ (lay) two eggs the day before.
那个淘气的男孩对我谎称刚才卧在那儿的那只母鸡昨天下了两个蛋。
4. He ______________ his hand on my shoulder just now.
他刚才把手放在我的肩上。
5. Who should we ______________ the blame on?
我们该责备谁?
6. He is always______________ stress on the importance of being on time.
他一直强调准时的重要性。
【答案】
1. lays 2. lay
3. lied; lay; laid 4. Laid
5. lay 6. laying
5. exist
◆vi. 存在；生存。常见用法：
exist on (=live on) 靠……为生
exist as作为……而存在；以……形态存在
exist in(=lie in) 存在于……之中
There exist(s)... 有/存在……
?The hostages existed on bread and water for over 5 months. 人质靠面包和水生存了5个多月。?
?They do not usually exist as physical files. 它们通常不是作为物理文件存在。?
?We exist in space. 我们存在于空间中。?
?There exist different opinions on this question. 关于这个问题有不同的观点。?
【特别提醒】
exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。
【拓展延伸】
1. existence n. 存在
in existence现存的，现有的
come into existence产生；成立；开始存在
bring into existence使发生；使产生
2. existing adj. 目前的，现存的
?Nowadays, there are still many people wondering when the earth came into existence. 现在仍有很多人想知道地球是何时产生的。
1. The worker earned little money a month, so he had to ____________ only fast noodles.
A. exist on　 B. exist in
C. lie in　 D. lie on
2. 完成句子
①____________ ____________ a generation gap between the young and the old.
青年人和老年人之间存在着代沟。
②You can’t imagine what difficulty they have existing ____________ the money he’s earning.
你无法想象他们靠他挣的那点钱维持生活是多么困难。
③Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into____________ (exist).
关于一开始宇宙是如何产生的，科学家们有多种观点。
④There exists a good way to solve the ____________ (exist) problem in geography.
有解决地理方面现存问题的好方法。
⑤This is the oldest Hebrew manuscript in ____________ (exist).
这就是现存最古老的希伯来语手稿。
6. in one’s turn
◆轮到某人；接着。
?Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet. 于是，它们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物。
【拓展延伸】
in turn依次；轮流；转而；反过来
by turns轮流；交替
take one’s turn轮到某人做……了
take turns依次；轮班，轮流
on the turn正在转变，正在变化
?Now that we have finished designing, the company, in its turn, should do the constructing work. 既然我们已经完成了设计，就该由公司来进行建设了。
?All theories come from practice and in turn serve practice. 所有的理论都来源于实践，并反过来为实践服务。
?It turned out that this young man was none other than the old man’s son. 这位年轻人竟然是这位老人的儿子。
1. The waste can be recycled into new products, which ____________ will save natural resources.
A. in turn B. in return
C. in order D. in time
2. 完成句子
①The girls called out their names ____________ ____________.
那些女孩逐一报出了自己的名字。
②We make every effort to make more films, and ____________ ____________ this creates further environmental pollution.
我们在竭力生产出更多的电影，反过来这又造成了进一步的环境污染。
③We ____________ ____________ to keep watch.
我们轮流守望。
7. prevent…from
◆阻止，制止。常见用法：
prevent sb./sth. from doing sth. ＂防止某人/物做某事＂。
※其中的from可省略。但如果在被动语态中，from不可省略。
?Nothing can prevent him from working. 什么事也阻止不了他工作。?
?What can we do to prevent this accident (from) happening? 我们能做些什么阻止事故的发生呢？?
【拓展延伸】
近义短语：
keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
stop sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
protect sb. from (doing) sth. 保护某人不受……伤害
?I tried to keep him from waiting for her. 我试图叫他不要再等她了。
?What stopped him from coming here? 是什么阻止他来这里的呢?
?The farmers protect wheat from heavy rain with rain clothes. 农民们用雨布遮住小麦，以防被大雨浇坏。
【特别提醒】
1. 在主动语态中，stop和prevent的搭配中可省去from；而keep...from doing sth.中的from不可省略，keep sb doing sth. 意为＂使某人一直做某事＂。
2. 在被动语态里，这三个搭配中的from均不可省略。
单句改错
1. The heavy rain prevented us off going on with our work.
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. A possible war was finally prevented breaking out with their effort.
_________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
1. off改为from或删除off 【解析】prevent sb./sth. (from) doing sth. ＂阻止某人/物做某事＂，为固定搭配，故此处可将off改为from或删除off。
2. prevented后加from 【解析】prevent sb./sth. (from) doing sth. ＂阻止某人/物做某事＂，为固定搭配，此处用了该结构的被动形式，此时from不能省，故在prevented后加from。
8. puzzle
◆vt. 使迷惑；使为难，使窘困；感到迷惑；n. (游戏的)猜谜；难题；谜。常见用法：
puzzle about/over 冥思苦想；苦苦思索
be puzzled by被……迷惑
be in a puzzle 感到困惑；不知如何是好
be in a puzzle about对……困惑不解
?But his curiosity was difficult to control and this new computer really puzzled him. 但是他的好奇心难以控制，这台新电脑也确实使他费解。
?Her decision was a puzzle to him. 她的决定对他来说是个谜。
【拓展延伸】
puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的(常用来修饰人)
be puzzled about 对……迷惑
puzzling adj. 令人迷惑不解的(常用来修饰事物)
?I saw him puzzling over/about a puzzling math problem.，我看见他正在苦苦思考一道令人费解的数学题。?
【名师点睛】
过去分词形式的形容词，如puzzled, confused, frightened, excited, surprised等，除了可以用来描述人的心理活动以外，还可以用来修饰与人有关的一些名词，如look, voice, smile, expression, face等。
1. 用puzzle的相关词语完成下列小片段
Her _____________look showed that she was ____________ what he said. Yes, it was really a _____________ because it was ______________ that he would rather throw away the food than give it to those in need. What he said as well as what he did ____________ all the people present.
2. 单句改错
①The puzzling look on her face suggested that she didn’t understand what I said.
②I’m in puzzle as to what to do next.
9. be to do
It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earth’s atmosphere. 它(地球)猛烈的爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石，最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。(教材P16)
【句式分析】
本句中which引导非限制性定语从句，which在从句中作主语；were to make the earth’s atmosphere是be to do sth.结构。
【语法知识】
be to do sth. 有多层含义，多表示将来。具体说来，有以下含义：
1. 表示按计划或安排要做的事。
?When are you to leave for home? 你什么时候回家?
?She is to be married next month. 她将于下个月结婚。
?The Queen is to visit Japan in a week’s time. 女王将于一周后访问日本。
这种结构也可用于过去。was / were to do sth.表示曾经计划要做的事，但不表明计划是否被执行，或表示＂命运(即命中注定要发生的事)＂，而非计划；was / were to have done sth. 表示未曾实现的计划。
?I felt nervous because I was soon to leave home for the first time. 我感到很紧张，因为我很快就要第一次离开家了。
?They said goodbye, not knowing that they were never to meet again. 他们互相告别，不知道以后再也不会见面了。
?We were to have told you, but you were not in. 我们本来想告诉你的，但是你不在家。
2. 表示＂应该＂，相当于should，ought to。
?What is to be done? 应该怎么办呢？
3. 表示＂必须＂，相当于must, have to。
?You are to do your homework before you watch TV. 看电视之前你得先做完作业。
4. 表示＂想，打算＂，相当于intend，want。
?If we are to be there before ten, we’ll have to go now. 如果我们要在十点前到，我们现在就得走。
5. 用于第一人称疑问句，表示征求对方意见。
?What are we to do next? 我们下一步该怎么办?
6. 用于否定句，表示＂禁止＂，相当于mustn’t。
?The books in this room are not to be taken outside. 这个室内的书籍不得带出室外。
7. 表示＂可以，可能＂，相当于may，can。
?The news is to be found in the evening paper. 这条消息可以在晚报上见到。
【易混辨析】will do/be going to do /be doing /be to do/ be about to do
will do
单纯表将来，强调未经事先考虑将要做某事。
be going to do
首先可表示＂将要做某事＂，一般表示经过事先考虑，安排将要做某事。其次可以表示＂有迹象表明要做某事＂。
be doing
进行时态表将来，动词一般是表趋向性的动词，如go, come, arrive, return等。
be to do
表＂计划、安排要做某事＂，还可以表示职责、义务和可能性。
be about to do
表示＂正要做某事＂，所在的句子不会再出现时间状语，一般常考查这个结构和when suddenly结构连用，表示＂正要做某事突然发生另外一件事＂。
?I’ll post that letter whatever Wilson says. 不管威尔逊讲什么，我都要寄出那封信。
?It is going to rain. 有迹象表明要下雨。
?I was about to leave when (suddenly) the telephone rang. 我正要离开，这时电话响了。
1. Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane___________.
A. takes off B. is taking off C. has taken off D. took off
2. —Did you tell Julia about the result?
—Oh, no, I forgot. I ___________ her now.
A. will be calling ? B. will call C. call ? ? ? ? ? ? D. am to call

I. 单句语法填空
1. Her ____________(puzzle) look on her face suggested she didn’t understand what I said.
2. As is known to us, the Republic of China came into ____________ (exist) as an independent country in 1949.
3. As we all know, a bad eating habit is ____________ (harm) to one’s health.
4. Though injured seriously, he tried to cheer ____________hoping to make his parents less worried.
5. I can say that it is the most ____________ (violence) film that I have ever seen.
6. My relationship with the actors is fundamental ____________my work as a director.
7. As the old saying goes, it is easier to pull ____________than to build up.
8. The old lady became seriously ill last week, and she has only existed ____________milk ever since.
9. The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times ____________ (big) than the present one.
10. Sometimes he found ____________very hard to fall asleep at night, so he went to see the doctor.
II. 单句改错
1. She has got into the bad habit of reading in the bed, which is harmful for her eyes.
________________________________________________________________________________
2. The twin brothers stood under the tree, puzzling and saying nothing.
________________________________________________________________________________
3. Even though he is a little boy, strange ideas always exists in his mind.
________________________________________________________________________________
4. You’ll succeed on time because you are always working hard.
________________________________________________________________________________
5. There were many fish float in the river because of the serious pollution.
________________________________________________________________________________
6. The sun heats the earth, which makes possible for plants to grow.
________________________________________________________________________________
III. 完成句子
1. 更为重要的是，我觉得该是我开始照顾父亲的时候了。(one’s turn)
More importantly, I found _____________________________looking after my father.
2. 我们得不到的东西似乎比我们已经拥有的东西好。(what引导的主语从句)
_____________________________better than what we already have.
3. 还不清楚这次事故是否对环境有影响。(it作形式主语)
_____________________________the accident has an effect on the environment or not.
4. 在学校大礼堂将举行一次会议，有几个学生正忙着做准备。(be to do)
In the school hall, where _____________________________, some students are busy preparing for it.
5. 无论他在哪里，早饭前散散步成为他的习惯。(make it＋n.＋to do ...)
No matter where he is, he _____________________________before breakfast.
6. 李明的手机看起来和张华的一样，但价格是他的两倍。(倍数表达法)
Li Ming’s mobile phone looked just the same as Zhang Hua’s, but it cost _____________________________his.
7. 他计划明年去国外深造。
He _____________________________to get further education next year.
8. 在学校大礼堂将举行一次会议，有几个学生正忙着做准备。
In the school hall, where a meeting _____________________________, some students are busy preparing for it.
9. 他们计划到哪里旅游还没有定下来，直到一周前他们为暑假做准备时才定下来。
_____________________________was uncertain until one week ago when they were preparing for their summer holiday.
10. 我认为学好英语很有用。
I think _____________________________ to learn English well.
11. 每天我们都要把保持教室清洁当作一条规则。
We must _____________________________ to keep the classroom clean every day.
IV. 课文浓缩语法填空
I was wandering through the streets __1__ I saw a tailor’s shop. I wanted very much to get a new suit because I was almost in __2__(rag). I went in and asked if they had a cheap suit. The fellow took me into a back room, __3__(look)through the suits and selected the __4__(cheap)one for me.＂Could you wait a few days for the money? I haven’t any small change __5__ me.＂ The fellow looked at me coldly and said, ＂Why do you think we can’t change your note? On __6__ contrary, we can.＂ I handed the note to him and said, ＂Oh, very well, I apologize.＂
He received __7__ with a smile, and then as he looked at the note, his smile froze. The owner of the shop came up to see __8__ was the matter. I said ＂There isn’t any trouble. I’m just __9__(wait)for my change.＂ When the owner saw what a note I had, he permitted me __10__(take) the clothes and said that he could wait for the money all his life.
I. 阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Patrick was on a diet of fruit and vegetables, believing this would make him live long, very long. Ironically(嘲讽地) enough, his own work ＂End of Times in 2012＂(1977) shocked him so deeply that it put him on a worldwide research.
Patrick Geryl is the author of 9 books, written in Dutch, of which was published in Germany, called ＂Topfit mit Sonnenkost＂. All of them became bestsellers.
Since his childhood Patrick was very interested in astronomy and up to now he studied hundreds of publications and books on this subject.
In his first published book on astronomy (＂A new Space-Time Dimension＂, 1979), he launched an attack on the world-famous relativity theory: he predicted several very impressive things that were connected to the universe. His predictions were proved in the last ten years, getting a lot of public attention in the Belgium press and television.
Within three years’ time he hopes to present his book in the USA, but first he has more important things to do. Through his astronomical knowledge, he discovered a trace leading to a high-developed civilization that was destroyed by a polar reversal(反转). The descendants(后裔) of this civilization, the Maya and Old Egyptians, predict a similar disaster for the year 2012. Noticing the urgency of this warning, Patrick started an intensive(彻底的) research and wrote three books on this subject.
The first book, ＂The Orion Prophecy＂, was published in 1998 in Belgium and Holland. It was translated and published at the end of 2001 in the USA. In the meantime the book became a bestseller in Poland. ＂The World Cataclysm in 2012＂ was published in 2005 in the USA. It also became a bestseller in Poland. ＂How to survive 2012＂ was published at the end of 2006.
1. Which of the following made Patrick Geryl do his research work world-widely?
A. ＂End of Times in 2012＂.
B. ＂A new Space-Time Dimension＂.
C. ＂The Orion Prophecy＂.
D. ＂The World Cataclysm in 2012＂.
2. We can know from the passage that Patrick Geryl’s works _____________.
A. shocked the world so deeply that nobody believed in him
B. were all published in European countries
C. became bestsellers soon after his death
D. were translated into many languages
3. The passage tells us that ＂A new Space-Time Dimension＂ _____________.
A. will be published at the end of 2012
B. got a lot of public attention in the American press and television
C. was written in German and published in Belgium and Holland
D. was on astronomy which he was interested in since he was a boy
4. The writer wrote this passage in order to tell the readers about _____________.
A. a man who can predict and his works on astronomy
B. a polar reversal which will happen in 2012
C. the Maya and Old Egypt civilization
D. a trace leading to a high-developed civilization
B
Everyone dreams of changing the world. But can teenagers really make a difference? And how should we go about it?
Michael Norton’s book ＂365 Ways to Change the World＂ is a good starting point. The book gives an inspiring idea or task to do for every single day of the year. The tasks include volunteering at a local homeless shelter and planting a tree.
The book says that one simple act, no matter how small, can help someone in need. It may even influence other teens to do something.
Enochs High School junior Nathan Anthony agrees.＂It is impossible to achieve anything in life without giving something to someone or making an effort at school or work, ＂ Nathan said.
Another Enochs junior, Ariane Mota, has the same opinion.＂Giving is our way of repaying those who help us, ＂ she said.＂Whether it is a helping hand or a donation, we should help others to improve their day or life＂.
But how often do teens see their peers(同龄人) helping a stranger or doing something nice for someone? According to Nathan, not a lot. He and Ariane both believe this needs to be changed.
＂I help my friends by reminding them that their lives are better than those less fortunate people, ＂ Nathan said.＂Humor is also a great tool.＂
So whether you’re helping to find a cure for cancer or simply smiling at a stranger, do something every day to help change the world for the better.
5. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Everyone should dream of changing the world.
B. Everyone is responsible for making the world better.
C. We should help others to improve their lives.
D. Humor is a great tool to help people.
6. ＂365 Ways to Change the World＂ is a book on ____________.
A. small acts to change the world
B. the importance of changing the world
C. how to be a volunteer
D. how to plant trees
7. What opinion do Anthony and Mota have in common?
A. Give first if you want to get.
B. It is impossible to get anything in life.
C. Giving things to others means donation.
D. It is necessary to make others helpful.
8. The underlined word ＂this＂ in Paragraph 6 probably refers to ____________.
A. repaying those who help us
B. improving their day or life
C. teenagers not helping often
D. doing something nice for others
II. 语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A British teenager, Danny Bowman aged 19 years old, once 1 (spend) 10 hours a day taking selfies (自拍). Now, he is receiving regular treatment to help him deal with his addiction.
His addiction started at age 15 and quickly out of control, leading him to attempt to kill himself due to ___2___ (anxious) that he couldn’t take the perfect selfie. 3 his worst, he would cut a class three times an hour to take a selfie, eventually 4 (drop) out of school at age 16, at 5 point his health started to fall apart, because he would limit 6 to an apple and a bowl of rice a day in a bid to be thinner and improve his skin. He also didn’t leave his houses for six months due to being unsatisfied with how he looked. 7 (worry), his mother had to seek help, which eventually led to him being treated. He is believed 8 (be) Britain’s first case.
Selfie addiction is a phenomenon that increasing numbers of mental health experts are recognizing, ___9___ Danny’s case is particularly extreme. A doctor said it was a mental health problem, 10 which can lead to a serious consequence.
I. 单句语法填空
1. (2017·天津改编) ____________(不像) the Forced Wait, which is also voluntary, waiting for your lucky break does not necessarily mean that it will happen.
2. (2017·北京改编)However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear _____________(连锁) reaction.
3. (2017·北京改编)Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but they’ll ___________(存在) only as long as everyone shares in the risks.
4. (2017·北京改编)A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own ____________(exist).
5. (2017·江苏改编)But he is also working at a far more ____________ (基本的) level: his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds prevent starvation during the wet season.
6. (2017·新课标全国卷III改编)These include custom-made navigation(导航) tools, night vision ____________ (系统) and intelligent speed adaptations.
7. (2017·北京改编)Hollywood’s ____________ (理论) that machines with evil(邪恶) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly.
8. (2017·北京改编)Support is growing for a ____________ (理论) that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day.
9. (2017·北京改编) Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or ___________(宗教的) reasons.
10. (2017·江苏改编) But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy ___________(系统) to emit less carbon pollution.
11. (2017·新课标全国卷I改编) What I saw was completely ____________(不像) anything I had experienced in the past.
12. (2017·新课标全国卷III改编) This tour transports you back _____________(及时) to one of San Francisco’s most fantastic periods, the 1950s!
13. (2017·新课标全国卷III改编) Do you want to get up _____________(及时) to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day?
14. (2017·新课标全国卷III改编)It can prevent us _____________ getting shortsighted and it can keep us physically healthy.
15. (2017·北京改编) The first magazine with your gift message will arrive in time ___________ the special day.
16. (2017·江苏改编) It _____________(结果是) that baby red-backed fairy wrens also emerge chirping like their moms.
17. (2017·江苏改编) But recently it has discovered that data can be turned ___________ new services: translation and visual recognition, to be sold to other companies.
18. (2017·江苏改编) Data can _____________(变成) new services or products.
19. (2017·天津改编) Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take just one picture of the landscape? Sure, I could have asked her, but something prevented me from ____________(do) so.
20. (2017·北京改编) Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to prevent themselves from ______________(destroy).
21. (2015·江苏改编)Many wastes produced in the producing process are _____________ as well.?(harm)
22. (2015·四川改编)People have long puzzled _____________ how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks.?
23. (2016·四川改编)In _____________(理论), they should live by the French law is often ignored or unknown, thus making them into an interesting area of ＂lawlessness＂ in the world.
24. (2015·北京改编)Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite ______________ (like) sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand.(like)
25. (2016·上海改编)After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was confused. It all fit so well together, like a ______________.(puzzle)
26. (2014·四川改编) We arrived in the summer, just ______________ (及时) to enjoy the midnight sun.
27. (2016·新课标全国卷I改编) Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the __________ effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans. (harm)
28. (2015·江苏改编) Because soaps and other wastes can _____________waterways, be careful your washing water doesn’t pollute the sea, lakes and rivers.?(harm)
29. (2015·重庆改编) It is _____________(不像) any other riding experience.
30. (2016·新课标全国卷I改编) If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not ___________ today. (exist)
31. (2016·新课标全国卷III改编) To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in _____________, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. (exist)
II. 单项填空
1. (2017·浙江) Alia Baker is a librarian in Iraq. Her library used to be a place for all who loved books and liked to share knowledge.
A. meeting B. working
C. personal D. religious
2. (2016·四川改编)Aunt Dede, a teacher, had read the book to her students, and they loved it. Even the youngest children in the class were by the story.
A. surprised B. annoyed C. puzzled D. attracted
3. (2014·安徽)My good performance in the job interview left me about my future and about what I can do here.
A. puzzled B. sensitive
C. optimistic D. embarrassed
4. (2013·辽宁)The accident caused some to my car, but it’s nothing serious.
A. harm B. injury C. ruin D. damage
5. (2015·湖北) The team are working hard to the problem so that they can find the best solution.
A. face B. prevent C. raise D. analyze
6. (2013·新课标全国卷I) It was a real race time to get the project done. Luckily, we made it.
A. over B. by C. for D. against
7. (2014·江苏改编) During this period Dale was slowly developing an inferiority complex (自卑感), which his mother knew could him from achieving his real potential.
A. prevent B. protect C. save D. free
8. (2014·浙江) While staying in the village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers?without asking for anything .
?? A. in return??????????? B. in common
C. in turn?????????????? D. in place
I. 单句语法填空
1. puzzled 2. existence
3. harmful 4. up
5. violent 6. to
7. down 8. on
9. bigger 10. it
II. 单句改错
III. 完成句子
1. it was my turn to start 2. What we can’t get seems
3. It is not clear whether 4. a meeting is to be held
5. makes it a rule to go for a walk 6. twice as much as
7. is to go abroad　 8. is to be held
9. Where they were to travel　 10. it useful
11. make it a rule
IV. 课文浓缩语法填空
1. when　 2. rags
3. looked　 4. cheapest
5. on　 6. the
7. it　 8. what
9. waiting　 10. to take
I. 阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】Patrick Geryl自小喜欢天文学，他已发表了九部关于天文学方面的书，这些书都是畅销书。
1. A　【解析】细节判断题。根据第一段内容可知，＂End of Times in 2012＂使他非常震惊并做了世界范围内的研究。
B
【语篇解读】每个人都应该肩负起使世界变得更美好的责任。Michael Norton的《365种改变世界的方法》一书给我们提出了改变世界的方法。
5. B　【解析】主旨大意题。文章讲述的是每个人都应该肩负起使世界变得更美好的责任，文章最后一段最后一句揭示了主题。故B为文章的中心大意。
6. A　【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第三段内容可知答案。
7. A　【解析】细节判断题。根据四、五两段中这两个中学生所说的话可以判断，他们都有一个共同的观点，那就是＂如果想得到首先需要付出＂。
8. C　【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线单词后面的needs to be changed可知，this指的是前面的But how often do teens see their peers(同龄人) helping a stranger or doing something nice for someone? According to Nathan, not a lot.故C为正确答案。
II. 语法填空
【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了Danny Bowman自拍上瘾的故事。
1. spent 考查动词的时态。在此处，spent是该句的谓语动词，根据once(曾经)，用一般过去时。
2. anxiety 考查名词。句意：由于担心自己拍不出完美的自拍，他试图自杀。
3. At 考查短语。at one’s worst 意为＂在某人最糟糕的时候＂。句意：在他最糟糕的时候，他一小时三次逃课，去自拍。最终，在16岁时辍学。
4. dropping 考查非谓语动词。dropping作结果状语。
5. which 考查定语从句的引导词。句意：在那时，他的身体也垮了。此处是＂介词+关系代词＂引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指物，故用which。
9. but 考查连词。句意：自拍上瘾这种现象正得到越来越多的心理专家的认可，不过丹尼是一个极其严重的病例。
10. one 考查代词作同位语。句意：这是一种心理健康问题，一种会引起严重后果的问题。
I. 单句语法填空
1. Unlike 2. chain
3. exist 4. existence
5. fundamental 6. systems
7. theory 8. theory
9. religious 10. systems
11. unlike 12. in time
13. in time 14. from
15. for 16. turns out
17. into 18. be turned into
19. doing 20. being destroyed
21. harmful 【解析】空格前是be动词，可知此处作表语，故用形容词。
22. over/about 【解析】puzzle over/about是固定搭配，意为＂冥思苦想＂。
23. theory 24. unlike
25. puzzle 26. in time
27. harmful 28. harm
29. unlike 30. exist
31. existence
II. 单项填空
1. A 【解析】考查定语。根据后文＂for all who loved books and liked to share knowledge＂可知，图书馆是那些喜爱书、喜欢分享知识的人集会、碰面(meeting)的地方。故选A。
2. D 【解析】考查动词。A. surpriesd使惊讶；B. annoyed 烦恼；C. puzzled疑惑；D. attracted吸引。句意：甚至班里最小的孩子也被故事吸引。故选D。
5. D 【解析】句意：团队正在努力分析这一问题以便找到解决问题的方法。A项＂面对＂；B项＂阻止＂；C项＂提出，举起＂；D项＂分析＂。故选D项。
6. D 　【解析】本题考查介词的用法。题干中的It显然是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式to get the project done。句意：完成这个项目真是在和时间赛跑。幸运的是，我们赢了。against time争分夺秒地。
7. A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. prevent阻止；B. protect保护；C. save拯救；D. free释放。这里考查短语prevent sb. from doing sth. ＂阻止某人做某事＂。语境是＂他的母亲知道这能够阻止他获得他真正的潜能＂。故选A。
8. A 【解析】in return作为回报；in common共同的；in turn轮流；in place在合适的位置。句意：当James住在这个村里的时候，他无私地把他的任何东西都分给村民，没有向村民要过回报。根据前面的单词unselfishly可知他这样做不图回报。故选A。