2017-2018学年高二英语人教版（选修8）Unit1 A land of diversity Warming Up & Pre-reading & Reading & Comprehending
文档属性
| 名称 | 2017-2018学年高二英语人教版（选修8）Unit1 A land of diversity Warming Up & Pre-reading & Reading & Comprehending |  | |
| 格式 | zip | ||
| 文件大小 | 2.6MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（新课程标准） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2018-04-16 09:42:12 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
Unit1 A land of diversity
1.1 Warming Up & Pre-reading &
Reading & Comprehending
重 点
单 词
1．________adj.清晰的；明显的；明确的 __________ n. 差别，区别
2．________n. 大多数；大半
3．________n. 苦难；困苦
4．________vt. 选择；决定做某事；选举某人
5．________n. 手段；方法
6．________n. 百分比；百分率
7．________n. (人口、贸易的)繁荣
vi. 处于经济迅速发展时期
8．________adj. 人种的；种族的
9．________vi. 移入(外国定居)
10. ________ n. 海峡
11. ________ n. 飞行器；飞机
重 要
短 语
1．继续存在，继续生存 _________
2．此外 __________
3．用……办法；借助…… ______________
4．习惯于新的生活方式，工作等；谋生 ___________
5．到……的时候______________
6．of one’s own ___________
7．keep up _____________
8．note down ______________
9. gain independence from ______________
10. be forced into slavery _______________
关键句 型
1. ________ your answers ________ other groups．
把你们的答案和其他组加以比较。
2. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA，______________________________________.
加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州，它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。
3. Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush period，________ the building of the rail net from the west to the east coast ________ brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s．
虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始来到美国，但是更大批量的中国移民都是在19世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。
4. However, __________ Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.
然而，可能至少在15,000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。
5. ___________ before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.
人们认为，过不了多久，多种民族的混合将会非常大，以至于不可能存在一种主要的种族或者文化群体，而是多种族、多文化的混合体。
【答案】
重点单词
1.distinct；distinction 2.majority 3.hardship 4.elect 5.means
6.percentage 7.boom 8.racial 9.immigrate 10. strait 11. aircraft
重要短语
1. live on 2. in addition 3. by means of 4. make a life 5. by the time
6. 某人自己的 7. 维持，保持 8. 记下来 9. 脱离……而获得独立
10. 被迫成为奴隶
关键句型
1. Compare; with
2. having attracted people from all over the world
3. it was; that 4. it is likely that
5. It is believed that
之重点单词
1. compare (v．)
(1)～A and B|～A with/to B 比较；对比
?It is interesting to compare their situation and/with ours．
把他们的状况与我们的相比很有意思。
(2)～with/to sb/sth 与……类似(或相似)
?This school compares with the best in the country．
这所学校可与全国最好的学校媲美。
(3)～A to B 表明……与……相似；将……比作……
?A teacher’s work is often compared to a candle．
教师的工作常被比作蜡烛。
【知识拓展】
(1)compare notes(with sb．)(与……)交换看法(或意见等)
He is now comparing notes with his co workers about the job．
他现在就工作问题正与同事交换意见。
(2)beyond/without/past compare 无与伦比；举世无双
She is lovely beyond compare．
她真是可爱得无与伦比。
(3)compared to/with 与……相比(在句中担任状语)
Compared with/to our parents，we are indeed very fortunate．
与我们的父辈相比，我们确实很幸运。
【易混辨析】compare和contrast
compare
侧重比较两个或更多东西的异同优劣，强调相同或类似之处。
contrast
指比较两个或更多东西之间的差异，侧重不同点。
?Compare this with that，and you will see which is better．
将这个与那个比较一下，你就会知道哪个比较好了。
?Her actions contrasted sharply with her promises．
她的行动与她的诺言有天壤之别。
【跟踪典例】
①Michael’s new house is like a huge palace，________ (compare)with his old one．
②(2015真题改编·浙江)Most people work because it’s unavoidable．By________，there are some people who
actually enjoy work．
2. range (n．)
(1)[C，usually sing．]～(of sth．)一系列
?There is a full range of activities for children．这里有给孩子们提供的各种活动。
(2)[C，usually sing．](变动或浮动的)范围，界限，区域
?Several cars are available within this price range．在这个价格范围内，有好几种汽车可供选购。
(3)[C&U]视觉(或听觉)范围
?It came within my range of vision．该物体进入了我的视野。
(4)[C&U] 射程；射击距离
?The gun has a range of five miles．这炮的射程为五英里。
(5)[C] 山脉
?I’m lucky enough to have a chance of admiring the view of the great mountain range of the Alps．
我非常幸运能有机会欣赏雄伟的阿尔卑斯山脉景色。
【知识拓展】
within/in range(of sth．)在可及的范围内，在视觉(或听觉)范围内
out of range(of sth．)超出……的范围；在视觉(或听觉)范围以外
【跟踪典例】
——你能击中树梢上的那只鸟吗？
—Can you shoot that bird at the top of the tree？
——击不中，它在射程之外。
—No，it’s________ ________ ________．
【答案】out of range
3. distinction n．差别；区分；卓著；特点；(给学生的)优等评分
(1)[C]～(between A and B) 差别；区别；对比
?I can’t see any distinction between these two cases．
我看不出这两个案例有什么不同。
(2)[U] 优秀；杰出；卓越
?He is a writer of real distinction．他是一位真正才智超群的作家。
(3)[U] 区分；分清；辨别
?The new law makes no distinction between adults and children．这项新法规对成人和孩子同样适用。
【知识拓展】
(1)draw/make a distinction between 对……加以区别
without distinction 无差别地，一视同仁地
(2)distinct adj．截然不同的；清楚的；明白的；明显的
be distinct in．．．from．．．在某方面与……不同
(3)distinguish v．区分；辨别；成为……的特征
be distinguished from不同于； 与……加以区别
distinguish oneself(as．．．)使自己与众不同； 使自己出名；使自己受人青睐
?Those two suggestions are quite distinct from each other．这两个建议截然不同。
?There is a distinct improvement in your spoken English．你的英语口语有明显的进步。
?What was it that distinguished her from her classmates？是什么使得她有别于班上的其他同学？
?We should make a distinction between right and wrong．我们应该分清是非。
【跟踪典例】
①Schools________ ________ ________ ________(没有区分)boy and girl students nowadays．
②用恰当形式填空
This new suggestion is a/an ________(distinction) improvement from the one I originally made．
【答案】
①make no distinction between
②distinct 句意：这个新建议比我原来提出的有显著的改进。distinct表示＂明显的＂。
4. means n．手段；方法(单复数相同)
?As is known to us，radio and television are important means of communication.
无线电和电视是重要的通信手段。
?All possible means have been tried，but not a means has worked.
所有可能的方法都尝试过了，但是没有一种方法奏效。
【知识拓展】
a means of communication 一种通信/交流工具
by means of...用……办法；借助……
by this means 用这种方法
by all means 务必，一定，当然可以
by any means 无论如何，以一切可能的手段
by no means 绝不，无论如何也不
温馨提示
(1)by no means放在句首时，句子用部分倒装语序。
?By no means am I satisfied with my present income．
我对目前的收入一点也不满意。
(2)means用作＂方式；方法＂时单复数同形。若是all means
作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；若是every/a means作主语，
谓语动词用单数形式。
【名师点津】
(1)表达＂用这种方法＂，用 with this method/in this way/by this means。
(2)表达＂(做)……的方法＂， 用 means/way/method of (doing) sth.；way to do sth.；approach to (doing) sth.。
【跟踪典例】
Ⅰ. 用介词填空
①The farmers thought of ways________ protect/________ protecting their trees．
②People can communicate with each other________means of the Internet．
③Each of them suggested a different approach________the problem．
④I guess he will carry out his new plan________this method．
Ⅱ. 句型转换
She is by no means an experienced teacher.
→By no means ________________.
5. majority n．大多数，大半
?She was chosen by a thin majority of 15.
她以15票的微弱多数票而当选。
?The majority is/are doing his/their best.
大多数人都尽心尽力。
【名师点津】
(1)the majority 单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。
(2)＂the majority of＋可数名词复数＂作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
(3)＂the majority of＋不可数名词＂作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
?The majority of my friends have gone abroad.
我的大多数朋友都出国了。
?The majority of the team has/have arrived.
大部分队员都到了。
【知识拓展】
major adj. 较大的；较多的；主要的 vi. 主修n. 主修课
major in 主修
minority n. 少数
the majority of 大多数……
by/with a majority 以多数，大半
be in the/a majority 占大部分/大多数
a majority over sb 超过某人的票数
【图解助记】
图解majority及其相关词
【跟踪典例】
完成句子
①The majority of the boys ________________(反对) the idea.
②The majority of the food ________________(被冲走)by the flood yesterday.
【答案】
①are against
②was carried away
6. elect vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人
?She elected an art course because she was interested in art．
因为她对艺术感兴趣，所以选择了艺术课。
?Like men，women have the right to elect and to be elected．
妇女享有同男子平等的选举权和被选举权。
【知识拓展】
elect to do sth．决定做某事
elect sb．as选举某人当……
election n．选举
温馨提醒
在“elect sb.＋职务”表达中，表示职务的名词不加冠词。这类名词常见的有monitor，mayor，chairman，president，captain，head，dean等。
?They elected him chairman of the organization.
他们选他为该组织的主席。
【跟踪典例】
单句语法填空。
①Increasing numbers of people elect ________ (work) at home nowadays.
②We wonder who will win the next ________ (elect)．
单句改错。
③Obama was elected the president for the second time in November 2012.
____________________________________________________________
【答案】①to work ②election ③去掉第一个the
7. percentage n．百分比；百分率
a percentage of后接名词时，其后面谓语动词的单复数要与所接名词相符合。
?What percentage of the earth is covered by oceans？
地球的百分之几被海洋覆盖着？
?What percentage of the students were absent？
缺席的学生占百分之几？
【知识拓展】
the percentage of...……的百分比，作主语时，谓语动词用
单数形式。
?The percentage of the students who are admitted to
universities is 70%．
被大学录取的学生的百分比是70%。
【易混辨析】
percent
＂百分之……＂，相当于＂%＂，其前一般有具体数字
percentage
＂百分比；百分率＂，不用具体数字修饰，常用high，low，large，small修饰，提问时一般用what
【跟踪典例】
①他已经完成了百分之八十的作业。
Eighty percent of his homework________ ________ ________．
②大部分客人已经来了。
________ ________ ________ ________the guests________come．
【答案】①has been finished ②A large percentage of；have
之重点短语
1. live on 继续存在；继续生存
?Our government took measures to make this custom live on．
我们的政府采取措施使这个风俗延续下去。
?Mozart is dead but his music lives on.
莫扎特人已作古，但他的音乐却万世流传。
【知识拓展】
live on sth．以……为食；靠……生活(on 是介词)
live for 为……而活着
live by 靠（手段、方式）为生
live up to 达到；符合；不辜负
live with sth．忍受某事
live out 实践；实现
live a …life 过着一种……的生活
live through sth．经历(灾难或其他困境)而幸存
【巧学妙记】
The old man lived by collecting waste things rather than on government welfare to live out the rest of his life.
那位老人靠捡废品而不是靠政府的救济金来度过他的余生。
【跟踪典例】
用live短语填空
①The operation turned out to be very successful，and the old man ________ for another ten years．
②The scientist’s name will ________ from generation to generation for his great contribution to modern science．
2. make a life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等；谋生
表示“谋生”的说法常见的有：
make/earn a/one’s living
support oneself
feed for oneself
?Mr．Bob made a life by selling newspapers．
鲍勃先生靠卖报为生。
?They went to the West and decided to make a life there．
他们去了西部地区，决定去适应新生活。
【知识拓展】
life相关短语：
come to life 突然苏醒；突然开始工作；突然变得活跃
live/lead a...life 过着……的生活
bring…back to life 苏醒过来；恢复生气
come back to life 苏醒过来；恢复生气
full of life 充满生气
start/make a new life 开始新生活
put an end to one’s life： kill oneself 自杀
lose one’s life 失去生命
【跟踪典例】
完成句子
①他们在中国定居，习惯了新的生活方式。
They settled down in China and________ ________ ________ for themselves．
②新来的教师给我们把法语讲得生动活泼。
The new teacher really________ ________ ________ ________ for us．
【答案】①made a life ②brought French to life
3. keep up坚持；维持；使不低落；继续；持续；沿袭(风俗、传统等)
?We sang as we marched to keep our spirits up.
我们一面行进一面唱歌以保持高昂的情绪。
?It costs a lot of money to keep up a car.
要保养一部车子需要很多钱。
?Keep up your courage！鼓足勇气！
?People there still keep up old customs．
那儿的人们仍然沿袭古老的风俗。
?I don’t think I can keep this up any longer. 我认为这事我再也坚持不下去。
【知识拓展】
keep短语：
keep back(与……)保持距离；抑制；隐瞒
keep off不接近 keep out挡住；使不进入
keep away from避开 keep up with赶上；跟上
keep one’s word /promise履行诺言
keep...from (doing) sth阻止某人做某事
keep in touch with与……保持联系
keep to坚守；遵守；坚持
keep...in mind记住
【跟踪典例】
用适当的介词或副词填空。
①We will reach the goal if we keep ________ the plan.
②The captain tried his best to keep our spirits ________．
③He told the boys playing football to keep ________ the grass.
④Keep the children away ________ the machine.
【答案】
①to ②up ③off ④from
之重点句型
1. California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population．
加利福尼亚是美国的第三大州，却是人口最多的州。
(1) the third largest是序数词修饰最高级，意为＂第三大＂。形容词或副词的最高级前面可用序数词修饰，表
示＂第几大/长……＂。
?The Yellow River is the second longest river in China．黄河是中国第二长河。
【知识拓展】
one of the/among the＋最高级＋名词复数，表示＂最……之一＂。
?China is one of the oldest countries in the world．
中国是世界上最古老的国家之一。
(2) 句中的population意为＂人口＂，还可指＂全体居民＂。population作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形
式，但表示＂population＂中的一部分＂成员＂时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。
?The population of Australia is more than twenty million．澳大利亚的人口大约是2000多万。
?One third of the population of this country are farmers．这个国家三分之一的人口是农民。
【知识拓展】
①表示某一地区＂有多少人口＂用have a population of。
②表示某一地区＂人口多或少＂用large/small，不用many/few。
③问某一地区＂有多少人口＂用What is the population of...？
/How large is the population of...？
【跟踪典例】
①补全句子
Do you know what is ________ ________ ________(非洲的第二长河)river？
②用恰当形式填空
The population of Jiangsu ________ ________(grow)to more than twice what it was in 1949．The figure is now approaching 74 million．
2. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA，having attracted people from
all over the world．
加州的与众不同之处也在于它是美国最具多元文化特征的一个州，它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。
having attracted people from all over the world为现在分词的完成式担任后置定语，修饰名词state，其作用相当于非限制性定语从句which has attracted people from all over the world。分词作定语可分为限制性(紧跟在所修饰的词之后)和非限制性(用逗号与其所修饰的词分开)两种，其作用相当于限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
?This new book，(which deals with)dealing with West Africa，was written by professor Smith．
这是关于西非的一本新书，是史密斯教授写作的。
【知识拓展】
现在分词还可以充当补足语、状语和表语。
?I see someone coming out of the room.我看见有人正从房间里出来。
?The students came out of the classroom, laughing and talking.
学生们说着、笑着走出了教室。
【跟踪典例】
①(真题改编·山东)________ (eat)at the cafeteria before，Tina didn’t want to eat there again．
②________(see)the film twice，I decided to go to the party instead．
3. Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California，no one really knows．
最早一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在称之为加利福尼亚的地区的，谁也说不清楚。
(1)本句是主从复合句，其中主句是no one really knows，when引导一个宾语从句。本句可写成：No one really
knows exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California．
(2)what we now know as California是一个由what引导的名词性从句，作arrive in的宾语。
【知识拓展】
1. 名词性从句中what与that的区别：
that在名词性从句中不作成分；what在句中作成分。
?What he said sounds reasonable．(what作said的宾语)
?That our team has won the game has been proved．(That在主语从句中不作成分)
2. 名词性从句中what与which的区别：
指代前文已经提到过的对象或范围时，用which，否则用what。
?There are many books available．I don’t know which to read．(which指的是前文
提到的books的其中一本)
?What book do you want to buy？(前文没有提及买什么书或哪一类书)
【跟踪典例】
________ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer．
4. However，it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago．
然而，可能至少在15000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。
本句中的it为形式主语，真正的主语是that从句。It is likely that...[＝sb/sth be likely to do (sth)]意思是＂某人、物可能做某事＂。
?It is likely that the sports meet will be put off till next week.
＝The sports meet is likely to be put off till next week.
运动会有可能推迟到下周举行。
?An accident is likely to happen if you are not careful enough.如不小心，你就可能出事故。
【知识拓展】
(1)likely常指从表面迹象来判断有可能，作＂可能的＂的意思解释时常用
作表语形容词，主要句法结构有：
sb/sth＋be＋likely＋to do sth；It is likely＋that-clause。
(2)possible表示客观上的可能性，possible常构成的结构有：It is possible(for sb)to do sth；
It is possible＋that-clause。possible作定语时，有时解释为＂合适的＂。
(3)probable表示＂可能发生或实现的＂，比possible的可能性大。常构成的句型有：
sth is probable；It is probable＋that-clause。
【跟踪典例】
(1)用likely，possible，probable完成句子
①They are ________ to be angry with him．
②I will do everything ________ to help you．
③The home team，far ahead，is the ________ winner．
【答案】①likely ②possible ③probable
(2)句型转换
You are likely to have forgotten all about it．
_________________________________________________
【答案】It is likely that you have forgotten all about it．
5. In addition，many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans．
此外，欧洲人带来了疾病，使许多人染病而死。
(1)本句是一个简单句，过去分词短语brought by the Europeans作后置定语修饰diseases。过去分词短语作定
语时通常后置，而单个的过去分词作定语时通常放在被修饰的名词之前。
?What’s the language spoken in that area？那个地区讲的是什么语言？
?They decided to change the used material．他们决定改变所用的材料。
【跟踪典例】
(2016·江苏·改编)In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message________(hide)within the work.
(2)本句中in addition意为＂此外＂，在句中作状语。
?A new security system was installed．In addition，extra guards were hired．
新的安全系统已经安装。此外，还多雇了一些保安。
?When Diane fell，she hurt her arm and，in addition，broke her glasses．
黛安妮摔倒时，摔伤了胳膊，还摔坏了眼镜。
?In addition to giving a general introduction to computer，the course also provides practical experience．
课程除了对电脑知识作一般介绍外，还提供实际操作的机会。
(3)die from死于(事故、灾难等外因)
?His grandfather died from an earthquake．他爷爷死于地震。
?Her uncle died from a traffic accident．她叔叔死于一起交通事故。
【跟踪典例】
翻译句子
①越来越多的人死于癌症。
_________________________________________________
②车祸受害人因伤死亡。
_________________________________________________
【答案】①More and more people die of cancer．
②The accident victim died from injuries．
6. That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.
这就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。
This/That is why... 意为＂这/那就是……的原因＂，其中why引导的从句在句中作表语，从句表示结果；This/That指代上文提到的事实。
【知识拓展】
句型
意义
引导词功能及从句意义
That’s why...
那就是……的原因
why引导表语从句，从句表示结果
That’s because...
那是因为……
because引导表语从句，从句表示原因
The reason why...is that...
……的原因是……
why引导定语从句并在从句中作状语；that引导表语从句(切记此处不可用because)，that从句表示原因
The reason that (which)...is that...
……的原因是……
that(which)引导定语从句并在从句中作主语或宾语；第二个that引导表语从句，从句表示原因
【跟踪典例】
①Tom was ill. That was ________ he was absent from class.
汤姆病了，那就是他旷课的原因。
②Tom was absent from class. That was ____________ he was ill.
汤姆旷课了，那是因为他病了。
③The reason ________ Tom was absent from class was ________ he was ill.
汤姆旷课的原因是他病了。
④The reason ________ Tom made up for being absent from class was ________ he was ill.
汤姆为旷课编造的理由是他病了。
【答案】①why ②because ③why; that ④that/which; that
7. Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period，it was the building of the rail net from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s．
虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始来到(美国)，但是更大批量的中国移民却是在19世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。
本句的核心结构为强调句型：It is/was...that...，强调了主语the building of the rail net from the west to the east coast。强调句型It is/was...that/who...的用法归纳如下：
(1)强调句型可以强调除谓语动词以外的任何句子成分。一般说来，如果被强调部分是人时，用连词that或who；如果被强调部分是物，只能用连词that。强调句型应避免使用when，where，which 等连词。
?It was playing computer games that cost the boy a lot of time he ought to have spent on his lessons．
玩电脑游戏用掉了这个孩子本来应该花在功课上的许多时间。
?It is during his spare time that Tom has been studying the situation for several months．
几个月以来，汤姆一直利用自己的空闲时间研究局势。
(2)that/who后的动词的人称和数的变化要与前面的名词或代词一致。
?It was I who/that was to blame．该受责备的人是我。
?It was only I who am willing to go to see the film．愿意去看电影的人只有我。
(3)强调句型的一般疑问句形式：
?Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out？第二次世界大战是在1939年爆发的吗？
?Is it Mr．Li who guided the company through the difficulties？是李先生带领公司渡过难关的吗？
(4)强调句型的特殊疑问句形式：
?Where is it that you are going for your holidays？你打算到哪儿去度假？
?How was it that you climb to the top of that building？你是如何爬上楼顶的？
(5)强调句型中的特殊形式： It is not until...that.../It is because...that...
?It was not until he entered the classroom that he realized that he had forgotten to do the homework．
直到走进教室，他才意识到忘了做作业。
?It was because her mother was ill that she didn’t go to work．
是因为她妈妈病了她才没有去上班。
(6)在强调句型中，作主语的关系代词who/that可以省略。
?It is he(that/who)worked out the maths problem．是他算出了这道数学题。
?It is I (that/who)am teaching them the English song．是我在教他们唱这首英语歌曲。
【跟踪典例】
It was with the help of the local guide ________ the mountain climber was rescued．
【答案】that 本题考查强调句。句意：是在当地导游的帮助下登山者才被救的。分析结构可知，此处是强调句，强调的是句子的状语with the help of the local guide；由强调句的基本句子结构＂It is/was＋被强调部分＋that(强调人可以用who)＋其他＂可知应填that。
8. It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups，but simply a mixture of many races and cultures．
人们认为，过不了多久，多种民族的混合将会非常大，以至于不可能存在一种主要的种族或者文化群体，而是多种族、多文化的混合体。
it在句子中作形式主语，形成＂It(形式主语)＋is＋过去分词＋that从句(真正主语)＂句式；It’s said/ reported/ announced/ believed that...＂据说/据报道/据宣布/大家认为……＂。
?It is reported that there will be a heavy snow tomorrow.
据报道，明天将有一场大雪。
?It is hoped that the cost of medical care can be cut down.
人们希望医疗费能够降低。
【知识拓展】
It’s said/reported/announced/believed that...可转化为
sb./ sth．be said/reported/announced/believed to do...
?It is reported that the famous scientist is from Canada．
→The famous scientist is reported to be from Canada．
据报道，那位著名的科学家来自加拿大。
注意：用于＂It is＋v． ed＋that...＂结构的常见动词还有hope，
think，suppose，suggest，require，announce等。
【跟踪典例】
_______is believed that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger and more prosperous economy．
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1．The________(大多数)of boys like playing basketball．
2．The quickest m________of travel is by plane．
3．A large p________of the population own their homes．
4．All applicants will be considered regardless of age，sex，religion or________(国籍)．
5．We________(推选)John as chairman，for he was reliable．
6．It’s difficult to move to America，because the rules of i________is rather strict for the foreigners．
7．He is fair to us without d________．
8．Is the account insured by the ________ (联邦制的) government？
9．The sea narrows into a s______ there．
10．Venice is an I______ city．
Ⅱ. 句子改错
每句中有1处错误，找出并改正。
1．They are trying to teach these young children to make the life in China.
________________________________________________________
2．Do you think he is possible to attend the meeting?
________________________________________________________
3．Sometimes drivers give him a tip，so that he has enough to live by.
______________________________________________________
4．The percent of middle school leavers that go to university is about 50%.
______________________________________________________
5．My family did their best to keep on the family tradition.
_______________________________________________________
6．The lake by the village is believed to claim a number of victims in the past 3 years.
______________________________________________________
7．In addition making art，he sold it，not only dealing his own work but that of other artists.
______________________________________________________
8．Of the first Spanish to go to California，the majority was religious men.
______________________________________________________
9．By the time California elected to becoming the thirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850，it was already a
multicultural society.
______________________________________________________
10. The oil workers tried every mean to find the oil under the sea.
______________________________________________________
Ⅲ. 根据括号内的提示将下列句子翻译成英语
1．他很可能来自意大利，因为他说英语时带有明显的意大利口音。(It's likely that ...)
________________________________________________________________________
2．那就是大多数人喜欢看电视而不喜欢听收音机的原因。(That is why ...)
________________________________________________________________________
3．就是在那个时期来自西班牙语国家的移民开始增多。(强调句)
________________________________________________________________________
4．到汽车发明时，对大多数人来说，马车是他们的主要交通工具。(by the time引导状语从句)
________________________________________________________________________
5．人们相信约百分之六十的妇女在生完孩子后会返回去工作。(It's believed that ...)
________________________________________________________________________
Ⅳ. 用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空
by means of， a large percentage of， live on， in the majority，
keep...up， make a life， in addition， be distinct from，
elect sb. as...，a boom in
1. In this club，young women members are________，so men have not much right to decide on things．
2. You can't________200 calories a day，or you will be starved to death in a long time．
3. ________school books now have pictures，so they look more attractive．
4. They sang songs to ________ their spirits________．
5. Many young people are going to big cities to ________ for themselves．
6. More and more people tend to communicate with each other ________the Internet．
7. There is，________，one further point to make．
8. They ________ my son ________ chairman of the Students' Union．
9. There was ________ population in the 1990s，so the generation had to face the pressure from all aspects of life．
10. They ________ each other in colour．
Ⅰ. 完形填空
Founded in 1917, Deep Springs College is a unique institution of higher learning. The? 1 program is built upon three pillars: academics, self-government, and? 2 . The school is located 40 miles from Bishop, California on a? 3 cattle ranch (牧场) in Deep Springs Valley.
Between 12 and 15 students are? 4 each year. A scholarship covers the costs of tuition, room, and board for every student offered admission.? 5 , Deep Springs students are expected to? 6 themselves to lives of service to humanity. Male graduates have gone on to show this goal in a wide variety of? 7 , including politics, science, journalism, academics, agriculture, medicine, law, business and design.
Most academic? 8 have fewer than eight students and require a high level of student participation, mainly in seminar-style (研讨会式的) discussion. Professors are attracted by the? 9 motivated students and the close intellectual relationships that can be formed. Topics? 10 throughout the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Credits from the two-year program can be used to? 11 an Associate of Arts or transferred toward pursuit of a bachelor’s degree at another? 12 .
The Student Body, which? 13 between 24 and 30 members, is responsible for deciding admissions, hiring faculty,? 14 student performance, and many other aspects of running the college.? 15 academics and self-government, students are expected to? 16 labor for at least 20 hours each week. Labor includes farm and ranch work, but also other daily? 17 such as cooking, cleaning, and maintaining facilities and vehicles. The labor done by students? 18 is considered to be essential to the program.
Until 2011 the Student Body was all-male.? 19 from female students would not be accepted. "It’s hard to decide? 20 the college will be allowed to admit female students in the future," said one of the leaders. But now the college has already accepted female students.
1. A. optional B. economic C. conventional D. educational
2. A. communication B. quality C. labor D. volunteering
3. A. rough B. distant C. noisy D. busy
4. A. demanded B. acknowledged C. recognized D. admitted
5. A. In exchange B. In particular C. In brief D. In other words
6. A. devote B. invite C. attract D. treat
7. A. positions B. fields C. methods D. factors
8. A. qualifications B. atmospheres C. classes D. records
9. A. freely B. generally C. highly D. partly
10. A. change B. fun_ction C. count D. range
11. A. start B. earn C. consider D. invest
12. A. university B. farm C. country D. hometown
13. A. describes B. seats C. contains D. expects
14. A. reminding B. punishing C. witnessing D. reviewing
15. A. On account of B. In addition to C. With regard to D. By way of
16. A. join in B. bring about C. pick out D. call for
17. A. items B. tasks C. adventures D. habits
18. A. casually B. accidentally C. carefully D. practically
19. A. Suggestions B. Programs C. Donations D. Applications
20. A. whether B. that C. how D. what
II. 七选五型阅读理解
A garden that’s just right for you
Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts?? 1 . But it doesn’t happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.
●? 2
Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料).? 3 .However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.
●Recall(回忆)your childhood memories
Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma’s rose garden and Dad’s vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that’s not what’s important.? 4 ?— how being in those gardens made us feel. If you’d like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth.? 5 . Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun.
A. Know why you garden
B. Find a good place for your own garden
C. It’s our experience of the garden that matters
D. It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers
E. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants
F. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too
G. For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have
Ⅲ. 阅读理解
A
Have you ever been to an Irish wedding? I have just returned from one. It is a quarter to five in the morning: the sun has already climbed about the horizon; the birds are busy celebrating the new day and have eagerly been in search of food. But some of the guests have not yet left. They are still prolonging the night: dancing, singing, gossiping, putting off the unfortunate necessity of undertaking a day's work in the fields after a sleepless night.
Throughout most of her life, Bridget Mary, the bride, has been living in the small whitewashed thatched cottage I have just left. Twelve children have been brought up there but only two are still living at home. The eldest son, heir (继承人) to the small farm, is helping his father with the farm work (they employ no farm laborers); the youngest daughter is still at school. Two years ago, Bridget Mary went to England to take up domestic work in a hospital and it was while she was living there that she met her future husband, Terry. He himself is an Irishman who used to live in Dublin and now has a well-paid job in a light engineering works in England. They got engaged and started saving. Now they are thinking of buying a small house near Terry's factory.
The wedding ceremony was performed in the church in the nearest town at half past eight yesterday morning. Another couple were being married at the same time. Nobody worried about the cost of the celebrations：four luxurious cars brought bride, bridegroom, family and friends home, and forty people were crowded into the tiled kitchen and the tiny living-room, hung with framed school certificates and religious pictures. A big meal was given; the wedding cake was cut and toasts were drunk in whisky or sherry(葡萄酒). And while the remains of the feast were being cleared away and the rooms swept, the four cars set out again, taking the married couple and relations for a drive round the countryside.
1. What makes it clear that this is a country wedding?
A. People are up so early.
B. Birds are singing.
C. The people's occupations.
D. The bride is one of a large family.
2. No farm laborers are employed because ________.
A. they are not needed
B. the child can help
C. there are none available
D. the family is too poor
3. The young couple will not live on the farm after their marriage because ________.
A. there is no room for them
B. they have a house in England
C. they are both employed elsewhere
D. it's the bride's brother who will inherit(继承) the farm
4. Why were the guests taken for a ride round the countryside?
A. To give them an opportunity of seeing the surroundings.
B. To get them out of the way.
C. To enable the neighbours to see the married people.
D. As a way of passing the time.
B
You might think people all over the United States have Wi-Fi----wireless Internet service---and mobile phones. But there is no such service in Green Bank, West Virginia, a tiny town four hours from the U. S. capital, Washington D. C. Fewer than 150 people live in Green Bank, which has two churches, an elementary school and a public library. It is also home to the largest radio telescope in the world.
There is a ban(禁令)on Wi-Fi in Green Bank, along with anything else that can crate electromagnetic(电磁的)waves. Officials say the waves could disturb the signals(信号)the telescope receives.
For many Americans, a visit to Green Bank is a little like returning to the 1950s. To get there, you must read road signs---because there is no GPS service in the town. People can connect with the Internet through telephones, but wireless service is not allowed.
The observatory(天文台)is one of the largest employers in the area. The federal National Science Foundation (NSF)spends about $8.2 million a year to operate the observatory, telescope and educational center.
Jonah Bauserman is a technician. If he supposes there is a signal that is not allowed in the zone, he drives to the house where the signal is coming from and checks it. but once a week, when the device is cleaned, come banned devices are allowed near it.
People in the town respect the work of the scientists. And they say they are happy to live without Wi-Fi and mobile phones. “You know, instead of sitting here on our phones and other devices we’re out fishing and hunting and going to each other’s houses.” Everyone knows each other and communication is almost always face-to-face.
5. What will you are see when you pay a visit to Green Bank?
A. GPS service B. Guide posts
C. Cell phone towers D. Radio-controlled toys
6. What is Jonah Bauserman’s duty in his work?
A. Following signals from cell phones
B. Cleaning the telescope once a week
C. Listening for signals from outer space
D. Protecting the telescope from being affected
7. What has the telescope brought to the local people?
A. Great wealth
B. Many job chances
C. A healthier lifestyle
D. Much difficulty in life
8. What may be the best title for this text?
A. An American Town Without Wi-Fi and Mobile Phones
B. Good Relationships Between people in an American Town
C. The Largest Radio Telescope in the World
D. A Better Life Without Wireless Devices
1.（2017·北京）The national park has a large collection of wildlife, _________ from butterflies to elephants.
A. ranging B. range C. to range D. ranged
2.（2017·北京）Many people who live along the coast make a living _______ fishing industry.
A. at B. in C. on D. by
3.（2017·天津）It was when I got back to my apartment ______ I first came across my new neighbors.
A. who B. where C. which D. that
4．（2016·北京）The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is __________one can be entirely free from dust.
A.what B.that C.whether D.why
5．（2016·北京）Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, _________the old town into a dreamland.
A.turn B.turning C.to turn D.turned
6．（2016·浙江）To return to the problem of water pollution, I’d like you to look at a study ________in Australia in
2012.
A.having conducted B.to be conducted
C.conducting D.conducted
7．（2016·天津）You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel _________ the coach picks up tourists.
A.who B.which C.where D.that
8．（2015·浙江）If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate __________is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.
A.what B.who C.that D.whoever
K基础
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1．majority 2．means 3．percentage 4．nationality 5．elected
6．immigration 7．distinction 8．federal 9．strait 10．Italian
Ⅱ. 句子改错
1. the→a 2. possible→likely 3. by→on 4. percent→percentage 5. on→up
6. claim→have claimed 7. addition后加to 8. was→were
9. becoming→become 10. mean→means
Ⅲ. 根据括号内的提示将下列句子翻译成英语
1. It's likely that he is from Italy, because he speaks English with a distinct Italian accent.
2. That is why the majority of people prefer TV to radio.
3. It was during that period that immigration from Spanish－speaking countries began to increase.
4. By the time the car was invented, for most people, the carriage was their main means of transport.
5. It's believed that about 60 percent of women would return to work after having a baby.
Ⅳ. 用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空
1. in the majority 2. live on 3. A large percentage of 4. keep，up
5. make a life 6. by means of 7. in addition 8. elected，as
9. a boom in 10. are distinct from
K能力
Ⅰ. 完形填空
【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了美国"深泉学院"的招生宗旨、教学目标等相关信息。
1. D 根据上一句中的"unique institution of higher learning"可知,此处指的应是教育(educational)项目。
2. C 根据下文中的"...labor for at least 20 hours each week. Labor includes..."可知,该校的学生在学习之余 还要参加相关的劳动(labor)。
6. A 根据语境可知,此处指学生需要投入到造福人类的服务中去。
7. B 根据下文中的"including politics, science, journalism, academics, agriculture, medicine, law, business and design"可知,field"领域"符合语境。
8. C 根据后文中的"fewer than eight students and require a high level of student participation, mainly in seminar-style (研讨会式的) discussion"可知,class"班级"符合语境。
9. C 根据句中的"Professors are attracted "和"close intellectual relationships"可知,教授会被这些积极性非 常高的学生所吸引。
10. D 根据句中的"throughout the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences"可知,这里指的是学生们 所学习的内容包括(range)很多方面。
11. B 根据本句中"an Associate of Arts ""a bachelor’s degree"可知,此处指学生可以获得准学士学位,或到别 的大学继续攻读学士学位。
12. A 参见上题解析。
13. C 根据句中的"between 24 and 30 members"可知contain"包含,含有"符合语境。
14. D 根据空后的"student performance"及下一句中的"self-government"可知,此处指评价学生的表现。 review意为"评论,审查"。
15. B 根据下文中的"academics and self-government ... each week"可知,此处指除了学习和自我管理之外。 in addition to"除了……之外"。
16. A 根据语境可知,此处指学生们要参与到劳动中。join in"参加,加入"。
17. B 根据句中的"such as cooking, cleaning, and maintaining facilities and vehicles"可知,劳动还包括其他的 日常任务。task"工作,任务"。
18. D 根据语境可知,此处指学生实际(practically)参加的一些劳动。
19. D 根据前文的"Until 2011 the Student Body was all-male"可知,此处表示来自女学生的申请(Applications) 是不会被接受的。
20. A 根据语境可知,此处表示该校将来是否招收女学生还不好说。whether在此引导宾语从句,意为"是否"。
II. 七选五型阅读理解
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了如何种植一个正好适合你的花园。
3. E 考查上下文的衔接。根据上文的"Some people may think..."和"Others are concerned about..."可知此处 表达的是人们种植花园的不同原因,而E项中的"Still others may simply enjoy..."与上下文衔接自然, 故选E项。
4. C 考查上下文的衔接。根据上文的"...but that’s not what’s important"和下文中的"how being in those gardens made us feel"可知此处讲的应是什么是重要的,故C项符合语境。
5. G 考查上下文的衔接。上文的"the gardens of your youth"以及下文的"your childhood memories"与G项 中的"those gardens"和"the strongest memory you have"相呼应,故选G项。
Ⅲ. 阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】本文介绍爱尔兰的婚礼风俗。
1. C【解析】细节理解题。A、B、D并不能体现出是农村的婚礼。第一段最后一句中“the unfortunate necessity of undertaking a day's work in the fields after a sleepless night”从人们的职业“在田里劳动”可知，这是一场 农村婚礼。故选C。
2. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“The eldest son, heir to the small farm, is helping his father with the farm work (they employ no farm laborers)”可知没有雇用劳工的原因是大儿子可以帮忙。故选B。
B
【语篇解读】这篇文章主要介绍了一个没有手机与WIFI的美国小镇。
5. B【解析】细节理解题。由To get there, you must read road signs---because there is no GPS service in the town. 可知当你去Green Bank参观时，你会看到路标，选B。
6. D【解析】细节理解题。由Jonah Bauserman is a technician. If he supposes there is a signal that is not allowed in the zone, he drives to the house where the signal is coming from and checks it. but once a week, when the device is cleaned, come banned devices are allowed near it.可知Jonah Bauserman的工作责任是保护望远镜，免于 受影响，选D。
7. C【解析】推理判断题。由And they say they are happy to live without Wi-Fi and mobile phones. “You know, instead of sitting here on our phones and other devices we’re out fishing and hunting and going to each other’s houses.” Everyone knows each other and communication is almost always face-to-face.可知望远镜给当地人 带来了一种更健康的生活方式，选C。
8. A【解析】主旨大意题。由全文的主题句You might think people all over the United States have Wi-Fi----wireless Internet service---and mobile phones. But there is no such service in Green Bank, West Virginia, a tiny town four hours from the U. S. capital, Washington D. C. Fewer than 150 people live in Green Bank, which has two churches, an elementary school and a public library.可知这篇文章主要介绍了一个没有手机与WIFI的美国 小镇，选A。
K真题
1. A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：国家公园有许多的野生动物，从蝴蝶到大象都有。根据句意并分析句 子结构可知，空处应使用非谓语动词，且空处与其逻辑主语a large collection of wildlife为逻辑上的主谓 关系，故选A。
2. B【解析】句意：沿海地区的许多人靠渔业为生。根据句意可知，空处用in表示“在……方面”。
【易错点拨】此题有可能误选D，误以为沿海地区的许多人靠捕鱼这种方式生活，而忽略了fishing后的名词industry。
3. D【解析】句意：当我回到我的公寓的时候，我首先遇见了我的新邻居。根据关键词It was开头，后面连 词首选that，构成强调句型，但需要验证，本句中去掉It was 和that，句意完整，所以确定是强调句型。 故选D。
6.D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:回到水污染这个问题,我想让你看看2012年在澳大利亚所做的一项研究。 在该句中,要注意区分现在分词和过去分词的用法。此处非谓语动词的逻辑主语是空格前面的名词a study,与conduct构成被动关系,所以根据原则应该用过去分词形式conducted表示被动,A项和C项是主 动关系要排除,同时B项不定式表示＂将来＂,而根据语意,此处为已经完成的动作,也可以排除,所以选D项。
7.D【解析】考查强调句型。句意:你等错地方了,教练是在旅馆接游客的。分析句子结构可知,此处是一个对 地点状语进行强调的强调句型,故用that。
【备注】此题易误选C项。部分考生可能以为此处考查的是定语从句,但如果此处是where引导的定语 从句的话,where需在从句中作地点状语,而分析句子结构可知,该句不缺少任何句子成分,可排除C项。强 调句型的基本结构为＂It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分＂。判断一个句子是否是强调句型的方法:把it is/was和that/who去掉,且把被强调部分还原到原来位置,如果句子结构仍然完整,那么这个句子就是强调句。
8.A【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:如果你在河里或湖里游泳,一定要调查水下有什么东西。(因为)经常会有些 岩石或树枝暗藏在水里。动词investigate后的宾语从句中缺少主语,且意为＂什么＂,所以选what。
1.1 Warming Up & Pre-reading &
Reading & Comprehending
重 点
单 词
1．________adj.清晰的；明显的；明确的 __________ n. 差别，区别
2．________n. 大多数；大半
3．________n. 苦难；困苦
4．________vt. 选择；决定做某事；选举某人
5．________n. 手段；方法
6．________n. 百分比；百分率
7．________n. (人口、贸易的)繁荣
vi. 处于经济迅速发展时期
8．________adj. 人种的；种族的
9．________vi. 移入(外国定居)
10. ________ n. 海峡
11. ________ n. 飞行器；飞机
重 要
短 语
1．继续存在，继续生存 _________
2．此外 __________
3．用……办法；借助…… ______________
4．习惯于新的生活方式，工作等；谋生 ___________
5．到……的时候______________
6．of one’s own ___________
7．keep up _____________
8．note down ______________
9. gain independence from ______________
10. be forced into slavery _______________
关键句 型
1. ________ your answers ________ other groups．
把你们的答案和其他组加以比较。
2. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA，______________________________________.
加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州，它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。
3. Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush period，________ the building of the rail net from the west to the east coast ________ brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s．
虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始来到美国，但是更大批量的中国移民都是在19世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。
4. However, __________ Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.
然而，可能至少在15,000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。
5. ___________ before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.
人们认为，过不了多久，多种民族的混合将会非常大，以至于不可能存在一种主要的种族或者文化群体，而是多种族、多文化的混合体。
【答案】
重点单词
1.distinct；distinction 2.majority 3.hardship 4.elect 5.means
6.percentage 7.boom 8.racial 9.immigrate 10. strait 11. aircraft
重要短语
1. live on 2. in addition 3. by means of 4. make a life 5. by the time
6. 某人自己的 7. 维持，保持 8. 记下来 9. 脱离……而获得独立
10. 被迫成为奴隶
关键句型
1. Compare; with
2. having attracted people from all over the world
3. it was; that 4. it is likely that
5. It is believed that
之重点单词
1. compare (v．)
(1)～A and B|～A with/to B 比较；对比
?It is interesting to compare their situation and/with ours．
把他们的状况与我们的相比很有意思。
(2)～with/to sb/sth 与……类似(或相似)
?This school compares with the best in the country．
这所学校可与全国最好的学校媲美。
(3)～A to B 表明……与……相似；将……比作……
?A teacher’s work is often compared to a candle．
教师的工作常被比作蜡烛。
【知识拓展】
(1)compare notes(with sb．)(与……)交换看法(或意见等)
He is now comparing notes with his co workers about the job．
他现在就工作问题正与同事交换意见。
(2)beyond/without/past compare 无与伦比；举世无双
She is lovely beyond compare．
她真是可爱得无与伦比。
(3)compared to/with 与……相比(在句中担任状语)
Compared with/to our parents，we are indeed very fortunate．
与我们的父辈相比，我们确实很幸运。
【易混辨析】compare和contrast
compare
侧重比较两个或更多东西的异同优劣，强调相同或类似之处。
contrast
指比较两个或更多东西之间的差异，侧重不同点。
?Compare this with that，and you will see which is better．
将这个与那个比较一下，你就会知道哪个比较好了。
?Her actions contrasted sharply with her promises．
她的行动与她的诺言有天壤之别。
【跟踪典例】
①Michael’s new house is like a huge palace，________ (compare)with his old one．
②(2015真题改编·浙江)Most people work because it’s unavoidable．By________，there are some people who
actually enjoy work．
2. range (n．)
(1)[C，usually sing．]～(of sth．)一系列
?There is a full range of activities for children．这里有给孩子们提供的各种活动。
(2)[C，usually sing．](变动或浮动的)范围，界限，区域
?Several cars are available within this price range．在这个价格范围内，有好几种汽车可供选购。
(3)[C&U]视觉(或听觉)范围
?It came within my range of vision．该物体进入了我的视野。
(4)[C&U] 射程；射击距离
?The gun has a range of five miles．这炮的射程为五英里。
(5)[C] 山脉
?I’m lucky enough to have a chance of admiring the view of the great mountain range of the Alps．
我非常幸运能有机会欣赏雄伟的阿尔卑斯山脉景色。
【知识拓展】
within/in range(of sth．)在可及的范围内，在视觉(或听觉)范围内
out of range(of sth．)超出……的范围；在视觉(或听觉)范围以外
【跟踪典例】
——你能击中树梢上的那只鸟吗？
—Can you shoot that bird at the top of the tree？
——击不中，它在射程之外。
—No，it’s________ ________ ________．
【答案】out of range
3. distinction n．差别；区分；卓著；特点；(给学生的)优等评分
(1)[C]～(between A and B) 差别；区别；对比
?I can’t see any distinction between these two cases．
我看不出这两个案例有什么不同。
(2)[U] 优秀；杰出；卓越
?He is a writer of real distinction．他是一位真正才智超群的作家。
(3)[U] 区分；分清；辨别
?The new law makes no distinction between adults and children．这项新法规对成人和孩子同样适用。
【知识拓展】
(1)draw/make a distinction between 对……加以区别
without distinction 无差别地，一视同仁地
(2)distinct adj．截然不同的；清楚的；明白的；明显的
be distinct in．．．from．．．在某方面与……不同
(3)distinguish v．区分；辨别；成为……的特征
be distinguished from不同于； 与……加以区别
distinguish oneself(as．．．)使自己与众不同； 使自己出名；使自己受人青睐
?Those two suggestions are quite distinct from each other．这两个建议截然不同。
?There is a distinct improvement in your spoken English．你的英语口语有明显的进步。
?What was it that distinguished her from her classmates？是什么使得她有别于班上的其他同学？
?We should make a distinction between right and wrong．我们应该分清是非。
【跟踪典例】
①Schools________ ________ ________ ________(没有区分)boy and girl students nowadays．
②用恰当形式填空
This new suggestion is a/an ________(distinction) improvement from the one I originally made．
【答案】
①make no distinction between
②distinct 句意：这个新建议比我原来提出的有显著的改进。distinct表示＂明显的＂。
4. means n．手段；方法(单复数相同)
?As is known to us，radio and television are important means of communication.
无线电和电视是重要的通信手段。
?All possible means have been tried，but not a means has worked.
所有可能的方法都尝试过了，但是没有一种方法奏效。
【知识拓展】
a means of communication 一种通信/交流工具
by means of...用……办法；借助……
by this means 用这种方法
by all means 务必，一定，当然可以
by any means 无论如何，以一切可能的手段
by no means 绝不，无论如何也不
温馨提示
(1)by no means放在句首时，句子用部分倒装语序。
?By no means am I satisfied with my present income．
我对目前的收入一点也不满意。
(2)means用作＂方式；方法＂时单复数同形。若是all means
作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；若是every/a means作主语，
谓语动词用单数形式。
【名师点津】
(1)表达＂用这种方法＂，用 with this method/in this way/by this means。
(2)表达＂(做)……的方法＂， 用 means/way/method of (doing) sth.；way to do sth.；approach to (doing) sth.。
【跟踪典例】
Ⅰ. 用介词填空
①The farmers thought of ways________ protect/________ protecting their trees．
②People can communicate with each other________means of the Internet．
③Each of them suggested a different approach________the problem．
④I guess he will carry out his new plan________this method．
Ⅱ. 句型转换
She is by no means an experienced teacher.
→By no means ________________.
5. majority n．大多数，大半
?She was chosen by a thin majority of 15.
她以15票的微弱多数票而当选。
?The majority is/are doing his/their best.
大多数人都尽心尽力。
【名师点津】
(1)the majority 单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。
(2)＂the majority of＋可数名词复数＂作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
(3)＂the majority of＋不可数名词＂作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
?The majority of my friends have gone abroad.
我的大多数朋友都出国了。
?The majority of the team has/have arrived.
大部分队员都到了。
【知识拓展】
major adj. 较大的；较多的；主要的 vi. 主修n. 主修课
major in 主修
minority n. 少数
the majority of 大多数……
by/with a majority 以多数，大半
be in the/a majority 占大部分/大多数
a majority over sb 超过某人的票数
【图解助记】
图解majority及其相关词
【跟踪典例】
完成句子
①The majority of the boys ________________(反对) the idea.
②The majority of the food ________________(被冲走)by the flood yesterday.
【答案】
①are against
②was carried away
6. elect vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人
?She elected an art course because she was interested in art．
因为她对艺术感兴趣，所以选择了艺术课。
?Like men，women have the right to elect and to be elected．
妇女享有同男子平等的选举权和被选举权。
【知识拓展】
elect to do sth．决定做某事
elect sb．as选举某人当……
election n．选举
温馨提醒
在“elect sb.＋职务”表达中，表示职务的名词不加冠词。这类名词常见的有monitor，mayor，chairman，president，captain，head，dean等。
?They elected him chairman of the organization.
他们选他为该组织的主席。
【跟踪典例】
单句语法填空。
①Increasing numbers of people elect ________ (work) at home nowadays.
②We wonder who will win the next ________ (elect)．
单句改错。
③Obama was elected the president for the second time in November 2012.
____________________________________________________________
【答案】①to work ②election ③去掉第一个the
7. percentage n．百分比；百分率
a percentage of后接名词时，其后面谓语动词的单复数要与所接名词相符合。
?What percentage of the earth is covered by oceans？
地球的百分之几被海洋覆盖着？
?What percentage of the students were absent？
缺席的学生占百分之几？
【知识拓展】
the percentage of...……的百分比，作主语时，谓语动词用
单数形式。
?The percentage of the students who are admitted to
universities is 70%．
被大学录取的学生的百分比是70%。
【易混辨析】
percent
＂百分之……＂，相当于＂%＂，其前一般有具体数字
percentage
＂百分比；百分率＂，不用具体数字修饰，常用high，low，large，small修饰，提问时一般用what
【跟踪典例】
①他已经完成了百分之八十的作业。
Eighty percent of his homework________ ________ ________．
②大部分客人已经来了。
________ ________ ________ ________the guests________come．
【答案】①has been finished ②A large percentage of；have
之重点短语
1. live on 继续存在；继续生存
?Our government took measures to make this custom live on．
我们的政府采取措施使这个风俗延续下去。
?Mozart is dead but his music lives on.
莫扎特人已作古，但他的音乐却万世流传。
【知识拓展】
live on sth．以……为食；靠……生活(on 是介词)
live for 为……而活着
live by 靠（手段、方式）为生
live up to 达到；符合；不辜负
live with sth．忍受某事
live out 实践；实现
live a …life 过着一种……的生活
live through sth．经历(灾难或其他困境)而幸存
【巧学妙记】
The old man lived by collecting waste things rather than on government welfare to live out the rest of his life.
那位老人靠捡废品而不是靠政府的救济金来度过他的余生。
【跟踪典例】
用live短语填空
①The operation turned out to be very successful，and the old man ________ for another ten years．
②The scientist’s name will ________ from generation to generation for his great contribution to modern science．
2. make a life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等；谋生
表示“谋生”的说法常见的有：
make/earn a/one’s living
support oneself
feed for oneself
?Mr．Bob made a life by selling newspapers．
鲍勃先生靠卖报为生。
?They went to the West and decided to make a life there．
他们去了西部地区，决定去适应新生活。
【知识拓展】
life相关短语：
come to life 突然苏醒；突然开始工作；突然变得活跃
live/lead a...life 过着……的生活
bring…back to life 苏醒过来；恢复生气
come back to life 苏醒过来；恢复生气
full of life 充满生气
start/make a new life 开始新生活
put an end to one’s life： kill oneself 自杀
lose one’s life 失去生命
【跟踪典例】
完成句子
①他们在中国定居，习惯了新的生活方式。
They settled down in China and________ ________ ________ for themselves．
②新来的教师给我们把法语讲得生动活泼。
The new teacher really________ ________ ________ ________ for us．
【答案】①made a life ②brought French to life
3. keep up坚持；维持；使不低落；继续；持续；沿袭(风俗、传统等)
?We sang as we marched to keep our spirits up.
我们一面行进一面唱歌以保持高昂的情绪。
?It costs a lot of money to keep up a car.
要保养一部车子需要很多钱。
?Keep up your courage！鼓足勇气！
?People there still keep up old customs．
那儿的人们仍然沿袭古老的风俗。
?I don’t think I can keep this up any longer. 我认为这事我再也坚持不下去。
【知识拓展】
keep短语：
keep back(与……)保持距离；抑制；隐瞒
keep off不接近 keep out挡住；使不进入
keep away from避开 keep up with赶上；跟上
keep one’s word /promise履行诺言
keep...from (doing) sth阻止某人做某事
keep in touch with与……保持联系
keep to坚守；遵守；坚持
keep...in mind记住
【跟踪典例】
用适当的介词或副词填空。
①We will reach the goal if we keep ________ the plan.
②The captain tried his best to keep our spirits ________．
③He told the boys playing football to keep ________ the grass.
④Keep the children away ________ the machine.
【答案】
①to ②up ③off ④from
之重点句型
1. California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population．
加利福尼亚是美国的第三大州，却是人口最多的州。
(1) the third largest是序数词修饰最高级，意为＂第三大＂。形容词或副词的最高级前面可用序数词修饰，表
示＂第几大/长……＂。
?The Yellow River is the second longest river in China．黄河是中国第二长河。
【知识拓展】
one of the/among the＋最高级＋名词复数，表示＂最……之一＂。
?China is one of the oldest countries in the world．
中国是世界上最古老的国家之一。
(2) 句中的population意为＂人口＂，还可指＂全体居民＂。population作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形
式，但表示＂population＂中的一部分＂成员＂时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。
?The population of Australia is more than twenty million．澳大利亚的人口大约是2000多万。
?One third of the population of this country are farmers．这个国家三分之一的人口是农民。
【知识拓展】
①表示某一地区＂有多少人口＂用have a population of。
②表示某一地区＂人口多或少＂用large/small，不用many/few。
③问某一地区＂有多少人口＂用What is the population of...？
/How large is the population of...？
【跟踪典例】
①补全句子
Do you know what is ________ ________ ________(非洲的第二长河)river？
②用恰当形式填空
The population of Jiangsu ________ ________(grow)to more than twice what it was in 1949．The figure is now approaching 74 million．
2. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA，having attracted people from
all over the world．
加州的与众不同之处也在于它是美国最具多元文化特征的一个州，它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。
having attracted people from all over the world为现在分词的完成式担任后置定语，修饰名词state，其作用相当于非限制性定语从句which has attracted people from all over the world。分词作定语可分为限制性(紧跟在所修饰的词之后)和非限制性(用逗号与其所修饰的词分开)两种，其作用相当于限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
?This new book，(which deals with)dealing with West Africa，was written by professor Smith．
这是关于西非的一本新书，是史密斯教授写作的。
【知识拓展】
现在分词还可以充当补足语、状语和表语。
?I see someone coming out of the room.我看见有人正从房间里出来。
?The students came out of the classroom, laughing and talking.
学生们说着、笑着走出了教室。
【跟踪典例】
①(真题改编·山东)________ (eat)at the cafeteria before，Tina didn’t want to eat there again．
②________(see)the film twice，I decided to go to the party instead．
3. Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California，no one really knows．
最早一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在称之为加利福尼亚的地区的，谁也说不清楚。
(1)本句是主从复合句，其中主句是no one really knows，when引导一个宾语从句。本句可写成：No one really
knows exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California．
(2)what we now know as California是一个由what引导的名词性从句，作arrive in的宾语。
【知识拓展】
1. 名词性从句中what与that的区别：
that在名词性从句中不作成分；what在句中作成分。
?What he said sounds reasonable．(what作said的宾语)
?That our team has won the game has been proved．(That在主语从句中不作成分)
2. 名词性从句中what与which的区别：
指代前文已经提到过的对象或范围时，用which，否则用what。
?There are many books available．I don’t know which to read．(which指的是前文
提到的books的其中一本)
?What book do you want to buy？(前文没有提及买什么书或哪一类书)
【跟踪典例】
________ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer．
4. However，it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago．
然而，可能至少在15000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。
本句中的it为形式主语，真正的主语是that从句。It is likely that...[＝sb/sth be likely to do (sth)]意思是＂某人、物可能做某事＂。
?It is likely that the sports meet will be put off till next week.
＝The sports meet is likely to be put off till next week.
运动会有可能推迟到下周举行。
?An accident is likely to happen if you are not careful enough.如不小心，你就可能出事故。
【知识拓展】
(1)likely常指从表面迹象来判断有可能，作＂可能的＂的意思解释时常用
作表语形容词，主要句法结构有：
sb/sth＋be＋likely＋to do sth；It is likely＋that-clause。
(2)possible表示客观上的可能性，possible常构成的结构有：It is possible(for sb)to do sth；
It is possible＋that-clause。possible作定语时，有时解释为＂合适的＂。
(3)probable表示＂可能发生或实现的＂，比possible的可能性大。常构成的句型有：
sth is probable；It is probable＋that-clause。
【跟踪典例】
(1)用likely，possible，probable完成句子
①They are ________ to be angry with him．
②I will do everything ________ to help you．
③The home team，far ahead，is the ________ winner．
【答案】①likely ②possible ③probable
(2)句型转换
You are likely to have forgotten all about it．
_________________________________________________
【答案】It is likely that you have forgotten all about it．
5. In addition，many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans．
此外，欧洲人带来了疾病，使许多人染病而死。
(1)本句是一个简单句，过去分词短语brought by the Europeans作后置定语修饰diseases。过去分词短语作定
语时通常后置，而单个的过去分词作定语时通常放在被修饰的名词之前。
?What’s the language spoken in that area？那个地区讲的是什么语言？
?They decided to change the used material．他们决定改变所用的材料。
【跟踪典例】
(2016·江苏·改编)In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message________(hide)within the work.
(2)本句中in addition意为＂此外＂，在句中作状语。
?A new security system was installed．In addition，extra guards were hired．
新的安全系统已经安装。此外，还多雇了一些保安。
?When Diane fell，she hurt her arm and，in addition，broke her glasses．
黛安妮摔倒时，摔伤了胳膊，还摔坏了眼镜。
?In addition to giving a general introduction to computer，the course also provides practical experience．
课程除了对电脑知识作一般介绍外，还提供实际操作的机会。
(3)die from死于(事故、灾难等外因)
?His grandfather died from an earthquake．他爷爷死于地震。
?Her uncle died from a traffic accident．她叔叔死于一起交通事故。
【跟踪典例】
翻译句子
①越来越多的人死于癌症。
_________________________________________________
②车祸受害人因伤死亡。
_________________________________________________
【答案】①More and more people die of cancer．
②The accident victim died from injuries．
6. That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.
这就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。
This/That is why... 意为＂这/那就是……的原因＂，其中why引导的从句在句中作表语，从句表示结果；This/That指代上文提到的事实。
【知识拓展】
句型
意义
引导词功能及从句意义
That’s why...
那就是……的原因
why引导表语从句，从句表示结果
That’s because...
那是因为……
because引导表语从句，从句表示原因
The reason why...is that...
……的原因是……
why引导定语从句并在从句中作状语；that引导表语从句(切记此处不可用because)，that从句表示原因
The reason that (which)...is that...
……的原因是……
that(which)引导定语从句并在从句中作主语或宾语；第二个that引导表语从句，从句表示原因
【跟踪典例】
①Tom was ill. That was ________ he was absent from class.
汤姆病了，那就是他旷课的原因。
②Tom was absent from class. That was ____________ he was ill.
汤姆旷课了，那是因为他病了。
③The reason ________ Tom was absent from class was ________ he was ill.
汤姆旷课的原因是他病了。
④The reason ________ Tom made up for being absent from class was ________ he was ill.
汤姆为旷课编造的理由是他病了。
【答案】①why ②because ③why; that ④that/which; that
7. Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period，it was the building of the rail net from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s．
虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始来到(美国)，但是更大批量的中国移民却是在19世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。
本句的核心结构为强调句型：It is/was...that...，强调了主语the building of the rail net from the west to the east coast。强调句型It is/was...that/who...的用法归纳如下：
(1)强调句型可以强调除谓语动词以外的任何句子成分。一般说来，如果被强调部分是人时，用连词that或who；如果被强调部分是物，只能用连词that。强调句型应避免使用when，where，which 等连词。
?It was playing computer games that cost the boy a lot of time he ought to have spent on his lessons．
玩电脑游戏用掉了这个孩子本来应该花在功课上的许多时间。
?It is during his spare time that Tom has been studying the situation for several months．
几个月以来，汤姆一直利用自己的空闲时间研究局势。
(2)that/who后的动词的人称和数的变化要与前面的名词或代词一致。
?It was I who/that was to blame．该受责备的人是我。
?It was only I who am willing to go to see the film．愿意去看电影的人只有我。
(3)强调句型的一般疑问句形式：
?Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out？第二次世界大战是在1939年爆发的吗？
?Is it Mr．Li who guided the company through the difficulties？是李先生带领公司渡过难关的吗？
(4)强调句型的特殊疑问句形式：
?Where is it that you are going for your holidays？你打算到哪儿去度假？
?How was it that you climb to the top of that building？你是如何爬上楼顶的？
(5)强调句型中的特殊形式： It is not until...that.../It is because...that...
?It was not until he entered the classroom that he realized that he had forgotten to do the homework．
直到走进教室，他才意识到忘了做作业。
?It was because her mother was ill that she didn’t go to work．
是因为她妈妈病了她才没有去上班。
(6)在强调句型中，作主语的关系代词who/that可以省略。
?It is he(that/who)worked out the maths problem．是他算出了这道数学题。
?It is I (that/who)am teaching them the English song．是我在教他们唱这首英语歌曲。
【跟踪典例】
It was with the help of the local guide ________ the mountain climber was rescued．
【答案】that 本题考查强调句。句意：是在当地导游的帮助下登山者才被救的。分析结构可知，此处是强调句，强调的是句子的状语with the help of the local guide；由强调句的基本句子结构＂It is/was＋被强调部分＋that(强调人可以用who)＋其他＂可知应填that。
8. It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups，but simply a mixture of many races and cultures．
人们认为，过不了多久，多种民族的混合将会非常大，以至于不可能存在一种主要的种族或者文化群体，而是多种族、多文化的混合体。
it在句子中作形式主语，形成＂It(形式主语)＋is＋过去分词＋that从句(真正主语)＂句式；It’s said/ reported/ announced/ believed that...＂据说/据报道/据宣布/大家认为……＂。
?It is reported that there will be a heavy snow tomorrow.
据报道，明天将有一场大雪。
?It is hoped that the cost of medical care can be cut down.
人们希望医疗费能够降低。
【知识拓展】
It’s said/reported/announced/believed that...可转化为
sb./ sth．be said/reported/announced/believed to do...
?It is reported that the famous scientist is from Canada．
→The famous scientist is reported to be from Canada．
据报道，那位著名的科学家来自加拿大。
注意：用于＂It is＋v． ed＋that...＂结构的常见动词还有hope，
think，suppose，suggest，require，announce等。
【跟踪典例】
_______is believed that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger and more prosperous economy．
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1．The________(大多数)of boys like playing basketball．
2．The quickest m________of travel is by plane．
3．A large p________of the population own their homes．
4．All applicants will be considered regardless of age，sex，religion or________(国籍)．
5．We________(推选)John as chairman，for he was reliable．
6．It’s difficult to move to America，because the rules of i________is rather strict for the foreigners．
7．He is fair to us without d________．
8．Is the account insured by the ________ (联邦制的) government？
9．The sea narrows into a s______ there．
10．Venice is an I______ city．
Ⅱ. 句子改错
每句中有1处错误，找出并改正。
1．They are trying to teach these young children to make the life in China.
________________________________________________________
2．Do you think he is possible to attend the meeting?
________________________________________________________
3．Sometimes drivers give him a tip，so that he has enough to live by.
______________________________________________________
4．The percent of middle school leavers that go to university is about 50%.
______________________________________________________
5．My family did their best to keep on the family tradition.
_______________________________________________________
6．The lake by the village is believed to claim a number of victims in the past 3 years.
______________________________________________________
7．In addition making art，he sold it，not only dealing his own work but that of other artists.
______________________________________________________
8．Of the first Spanish to go to California，the majority was religious men.
______________________________________________________
9．By the time California elected to becoming the thirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850，it was already a
multicultural society.
______________________________________________________
10. The oil workers tried every mean to find the oil under the sea.
______________________________________________________
Ⅲ. 根据括号内的提示将下列句子翻译成英语
1．他很可能来自意大利，因为他说英语时带有明显的意大利口音。(It's likely that ...)
________________________________________________________________________
2．那就是大多数人喜欢看电视而不喜欢听收音机的原因。(That is why ...)
________________________________________________________________________
3．就是在那个时期来自西班牙语国家的移民开始增多。(强调句)
________________________________________________________________________
4．到汽车发明时，对大多数人来说，马车是他们的主要交通工具。(by the time引导状语从句)
________________________________________________________________________
5．人们相信约百分之六十的妇女在生完孩子后会返回去工作。(It's believed that ...)
________________________________________________________________________
Ⅳ. 用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空
by means of， a large percentage of， live on， in the majority，
keep...up， make a life， in addition， be distinct from，
elect sb. as...，a boom in
1. In this club，young women members are________，so men have not much right to decide on things．
2. You can't________200 calories a day，or you will be starved to death in a long time．
3. ________school books now have pictures，so they look more attractive．
4. They sang songs to ________ their spirits________．
5. Many young people are going to big cities to ________ for themselves．
6. More and more people tend to communicate with each other ________the Internet．
7. There is，________，one further point to make．
8. They ________ my son ________ chairman of the Students' Union．
9. There was ________ population in the 1990s，so the generation had to face the pressure from all aspects of life．
10. They ________ each other in colour．
Ⅰ. 完形填空
Founded in 1917, Deep Springs College is a unique institution of higher learning. The? 1 program is built upon three pillars: academics, self-government, and? 2 . The school is located 40 miles from Bishop, California on a? 3 cattle ranch (牧场) in Deep Springs Valley.
Between 12 and 15 students are? 4 each year. A scholarship covers the costs of tuition, room, and board for every student offered admission.? 5 , Deep Springs students are expected to? 6 themselves to lives of service to humanity. Male graduates have gone on to show this goal in a wide variety of? 7 , including politics, science, journalism, academics, agriculture, medicine, law, business and design.
Most academic? 8 have fewer than eight students and require a high level of student participation, mainly in seminar-style (研讨会式的) discussion. Professors are attracted by the? 9 motivated students and the close intellectual relationships that can be formed. Topics? 10 throughout the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Credits from the two-year program can be used to? 11 an Associate of Arts or transferred toward pursuit of a bachelor’s degree at another? 12 .
The Student Body, which? 13 between 24 and 30 members, is responsible for deciding admissions, hiring faculty,? 14 student performance, and many other aspects of running the college.? 15 academics and self-government, students are expected to? 16 labor for at least 20 hours each week. Labor includes farm and ranch work, but also other daily? 17 such as cooking, cleaning, and maintaining facilities and vehicles. The labor done by students? 18 is considered to be essential to the program.
Until 2011 the Student Body was all-male.? 19 from female students would not be accepted. "It’s hard to decide? 20 the college will be allowed to admit female students in the future," said one of the leaders. But now the college has already accepted female students.
1. A. optional B. economic C. conventional D. educational
2. A. communication B. quality C. labor D. volunteering
3. A. rough B. distant C. noisy D. busy
4. A. demanded B. acknowledged C. recognized D. admitted
5. A. In exchange B. In particular C. In brief D. In other words
6. A. devote B. invite C. attract D. treat
7. A. positions B. fields C. methods D. factors
8. A. qualifications B. atmospheres C. classes D. records
9. A. freely B. generally C. highly D. partly
10. A. change B. fun_ction C. count D. range
11. A. start B. earn C. consider D. invest
12. A. university B. farm C. country D. hometown
13. A. describes B. seats C. contains D. expects
14. A. reminding B. punishing C. witnessing D. reviewing
15. A. On account of B. In addition to C. With regard to D. By way of
16. A. join in B. bring about C. pick out D. call for
17. A. items B. tasks C. adventures D. habits
18. A. casually B. accidentally C. carefully D. practically
19. A. Suggestions B. Programs C. Donations D. Applications
20. A. whether B. that C. how D. what
II. 七选五型阅读理解
A garden that’s just right for you
Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts?? 1 . But it doesn’t happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.
●? 2
Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料).? 3 .However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.
●Recall(回忆)your childhood memories
Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma’s rose garden and Dad’s vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that’s not what’s important.? 4 ?— how being in those gardens made us feel. If you’d like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth.? 5 . Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun.
A. Know why you garden
B. Find a good place for your own garden
C. It’s our experience of the garden that matters
D. It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers
E. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants
F. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too
G. For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have
Ⅲ. 阅读理解
A
Have you ever been to an Irish wedding? I have just returned from one. It is a quarter to five in the morning: the sun has already climbed about the horizon; the birds are busy celebrating the new day and have eagerly been in search of food. But some of the guests have not yet left. They are still prolonging the night: dancing, singing, gossiping, putting off the unfortunate necessity of undertaking a day's work in the fields after a sleepless night.
Throughout most of her life, Bridget Mary, the bride, has been living in the small whitewashed thatched cottage I have just left. Twelve children have been brought up there but only two are still living at home. The eldest son, heir (继承人) to the small farm, is helping his father with the farm work (they employ no farm laborers); the youngest daughter is still at school. Two years ago, Bridget Mary went to England to take up domestic work in a hospital and it was while she was living there that she met her future husband, Terry. He himself is an Irishman who used to live in Dublin and now has a well-paid job in a light engineering works in England. They got engaged and started saving. Now they are thinking of buying a small house near Terry's factory.
The wedding ceremony was performed in the church in the nearest town at half past eight yesterday morning. Another couple were being married at the same time. Nobody worried about the cost of the celebrations：four luxurious cars brought bride, bridegroom, family and friends home, and forty people were crowded into the tiled kitchen and the tiny living-room, hung with framed school certificates and religious pictures. A big meal was given; the wedding cake was cut and toasts were drunk in whisky or sherry(葡萄酒). And while the remains of the feast were being cleared away and the rooms swept, the four cars set out again, taking the married couple and relations for a drive round the countryside.
1. What makes it clear that this is a country wedding?
A. People are up so early.
B. Birds are singing.
C. The people's occupations.
D. The bride is one of a large family.
2. No farm laborers are employed because ________.
A. they are not needed
B. the child can help
C. there are none available
D. the family is too poor
3. The young couple will not live on the farm after their marriage because ________.
A. there is no room for them
B. they have a house in England
C. they are both employed elsewhere
D. it's the bride's brother who will inherit(继承) the farm
4. Why were the guests taken for a ride round the countryside?
A. To give them an opportunity of seeing the surroundings.
B. To get them out of the way.
C. To enable the neighbours to see the married people.
D. As a way of passing the time.
B
You might think people all over the United States have Wi-Fi----wireless Internet service---and mobile phones. But there is no such service in Green Bank, West Virginia, a tiny town four hours from the U. S. capital, Washington D. C. Fewer than 150 people live in Green Bank, which has two churches, an elementary school and a public library. It is also home to the largest radio telescope in the world.
There is a ban(禁令)on Wi-Fi in Green Bank, along with anything else that can crate electromagnetic(电磁的)waves. Officials say the waves could disturb the signals(信号)the telescope receives.
For many Americans, a visit to Green Bank is a little like returning to the 1950s. To get there, you must read road signs---because there is no GPS service in the town. People can connect with the Internet through telephones, but wireless service is not allowed.
The observatory(天文台)is one of the largest employers in the area. The federal National Science Foundation (NSF)spends about $8.2 million a year to operate the observatory, telescope and educational center.
Jonah Bauserman is a technician. If he supposes there is a signal that is not allowed in the zone, he drives to the house where the signal is coming from and checks it. but once a week, when the device is cleaned, come banned devices are allowed near it.
People in the town respect the work of the scientists. And they say they are happy to live without Wi-Fi and mobile phones. “You know, instead of sitting here on our phones and other devices we’re out fishing and hunting and going to each other’s houses.” Everyone knows each other and communication is almost always face-to-face.
5. What will you are see when you pay a visit to Green Bank?
A. GPS service B. Guide posts
C. Cell phone towers D. Radio-controlled toys
6. What is Jonah Bauserman’s duty in his work?
A. Following signals from cell phones
B. Cleaning the telescope once a week
C. Listening for signals from outer space
D. Protecting the telescope from being affected
7. What has the telescope brought to the local people?
A. Great wealth
B. Many job chances
C. A healthier lifestyle
D. Much difficulty in life
8. What may be the best title for this text?
A. An American Town Without Wi-Fi and Mobile Phones
B. Good Relationships Between people in an American Town
C. The Largest Radio Telescope in the World
D. A Better Life Without Wireless Devices
1.（2017·北京）The national park has a large collection of wildlife, _________ from butterflies to elephants.
A. ranging B. range C. to range D. ranged
2.（2017·北京）Many people who live along the coast make a living _______ fishing industry.
A. at B. in C. on D. by
3.（2017·天津）It was when I got back to my apartment ______ I first came across my new neighbors.
A. who B. where C. which D. that
4．（2016·北京）The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is __________one can be entirely free from dust.
A.what B.that C.whether D.why
5．（2016·北京）Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, _________the old town into a dreamland.
A.turn B.turning C.to turn D.turned
6．（2016·浙江）To return to the problem of water pollution, I’d like you to look at a study ________in Australia in
2012.
A.having conducted B.to be conducted
C.conducting D.conducted
7．（2016·天津）You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel _________ the coach picks up tourists.
A.who B.which C.where D.that
8．（2015·浙江）If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate __________is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.
A.what B.who C.that D.whoever
K基础
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1．majority 2．means 3．percentage 4．nationality 5．elected
6．immigration 7．distinction 8．federal 9．strait 10．Italian
Ⅱ. 句子改错
1. the→a 2. possible→likely 3. by→on 4. percent→percentage 5. on→up
6. claim→have claimed 7. addition后加to 8. was→were
9. becoming→become 10. mean→means
Ⅲ. 根据括号内的提示将下列句子翻译成英语
1. It's likely that he is from Italy, because he speaks English with a distinct Italian accent.
2. That is why the majority of people prefer TV to radio.
3. It was during that period that immigration from Spanish－speaking countries began to increase.
4. By the time the car was invented, for most people, the carriage was their main means of transport.
5. It's believed that about 60 percent of women would return to work after having a baby.
Ⅳ. 用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空
1. in the majority 2. live on 3. A large percentage of 4. keep，up
5. make a life 6. by means of 7. in addition 8. elected，as
9. a boom in 10. are distinct from
K能力
Ⅰ. 完形填空
【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了美国"深泉学院"的招生宗旨、教学目标等相关信息。
1. D 根据上一句中的"unique institution of higher learning"可知,此处指的应是教育(educational)项目。
2. C 根据下文中的"...labor for at least 20 hours each week. Labor includes..."可知,该校的学生在学习之余 还要参加相关的劳动(labor)。
6. A 根据语境可知,此处指学生需要投入到造福人类的服务中去。
7. B 根据下文中的"including politics, science, journalism, academics, agriculture, medicine, law, business and design"可知,field"领域"符合语境。
8. C 根据后文中的"fewer than eight students and require a high level of student participation, mainly in seminar-style (研讨会式的) discussion"可知,class"班级"符合语境。
9. C 根据句中的"Professors are attracted "和"close intellectual relationships"可知,教授会被这些积极性非 常高的学生所吸引。
10. D 根据句中的"throughout the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences"可知,这里指的是学生们 所学习的内容包括(range)很多方面。
11. B 根据本句中"an Associate of Arts ""a bachelor’s degree"可知,此处指学生可以获得准学士学位,或到别 的大学继续攻读学士学位。
12. A 参见上题解析。
13. C 根据句中的"between 24 and 30 members"可知contain"包含,含有"符合语境。
14. D 根据空后的"student performance"及下一句中的"self-government"可知,此处指评价学生的表现。 review意为"评论,审查"。
15. B 根据下文中的"academics and self-government ... each week"可知,此处指除了学习和自我管理之外。 in addition to"除了……之外"。
16. A 根据语境可知,此处指学生们要参与到劳动中。join in"参加,加入"。
17. B 根据句中的"such as cooking, cleaning, and maintaining facilities and vehicles"可知,劳动还包括其他的 日常任务。task"工作,任务"。
18. D 根据语境可知,此处指学生实际(practically)参加的一些劳动。
19. D 根据前文的"Until 2011 the Student Body was all-male"可知,此处表示来自女学生的申请(Applications) 是不会被接受的。
20. A 根据语境可知,此处表示该校将来是否招收女学生还不好说。whether在此引导宾语从句,意为"是否"。
II. 七选五型阅读理解
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了如何种植一个正好适合你的花园。
3. E 考查上下文的衔接。根据上文的"Some people may think..."和"Others are concerned about..."可知此处 表达的是人们种植花园的不同原因,而E项中的"Still others may simply enjoy..."与上下文衔接自然, 故选E项。
4. C 考查上下文的衔接。根据上文的"...but that’s not what’s important"和下文中的"how being in those gardens made us feel"可知此处讲的应是什么是重要的,故C项符合语境。
5. G 考查上下文的衔接。上文的"the gardens of your youth"以及下文的"your childhood memories"与G项 中的"those gardens"和"the strongest memory you have"相呼应,故选G项。
Ⅲ. 阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】本文介绍爱尔兰的婚礼风俗。
1. C【解析】细节理解题。A、B、D并不能体现出是农村的婚礼。第一段最后一句中“the unfortunate necessity of undertaking a day's work in the fields after a sleepless night”从人们的职业“在田里劳动”可知，这是一场 农村婚礼。故选C。
2. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“The eldest son, heir to the small farm, is helping his father with the farm work (they employ no farm laborers)”可知没有雇用劳工的原因是大儿子可以帮忙。故选B。
B
【语篇解读】这篇文章主要介绍了一个没有手机与WIFI的美国小镇。
5. B【解析】细节理解题。由To get there, you must read road signs---because there is no GPS service in the town. 可知当你去Green Bank参观时，你会看到路标，选B。
6. D【解析】细节理解题。由Jonah Bauserman is a technician. If he supposes there is a signal that is not allowed in the zone, he drives to the house where the signal is coming from and checks it. but once a week, when the device is cleaned, come banned devices are allowed near it.可知Jonah Bauserman的工作责任是保护望远镜，免于 受影响，选D。
7. C【解析】推理判断题。由And they say they are happy to live without Wi-Fi and mobile phones. “You know, instead of sitting here on our phones and other devices we’re out fishing and hunting and going to each other’s houses.” Everyone knows each other and communication is almost always face-to-face.可知望远镜给当地人 带来了一种更健康的生活方式，选C。
8. A【解析】主旨大意题。由全文的主题句You might think people all over the United States have Wi-Fi----wireless Internet service---and mobile phones. But there is no such service in Green Bank, West Virginia, a tiny town four hours from the U. S. capital, Washington D. C. Fewer than 150 people live in Green Bank, which has two churches, an elementary school and a public library.可知这篇文章主要介绍了一个没有手机与WIFI的美国 小镇，选A。
K真题
1. A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：国家公园有许多的野生动物，从蝴蝶到大象都有。根据句意并分析句 子结构可知，空处应使用非谓语动词，且空处与其逻辑主语a large collection of wildlife为逻辑上的主谓 关系，故选A。
2. B【解析】句意：沿海地区的许多人靠渔业为生。根据句意可知，空处用in表示“在……方面”。
【易错点拨】此题有可能误选D，误以为沿海地区的许多人靠捕鱼这种方式生活，而忽略了fishing后的名词industry。
3. D【解析】句意：当我回到我的公寓的时候，我首先遇见了我的新邻居。根据关键词It was开头，后面连 词首选that，构成强调句型，但需要验证，本句中去掉It was 和that，句意完整，所以确定是强调句型。 故选D。
6.D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:回到水污染这个问题,我想让你看看2012年在澳大利亚所做的一项研究。 在该句中,要注意区分现在分词和过去分词的用法。此处非谓语动词的逻辑主语是空格前面的名词a study,与conduct构成被动关系,所以根据原则应该用过去分词形式conducted表示被动,A项和C项是主 动关系要排除,同时B项不定式表示＂将来＂,而根据语意,此处为已经完成的动作,也可以排除,所以选D项。
7.D【解析】考查强调句型。句意:你等错地方了,教练是在旅馆接游客的。分析句子结构可知,此处是一个对 地点状语进行强调的强调句型,故用that。
【备注】此题易误选C项。部分考生可能以为此处考查的是定语从句,但如果此处是where引导的定语 从句的话,where需在从句中作地点状语,而分析句子结构可知,该句不缺少任何句子成分,可排除C项。强 调句型的基本结构为＂It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分＂。判断一个句子是否是强调句型的方法:把it is/was和that/who去掉,且把被强调部分还原到原来位置,如果句子结构仍然完整,那么这个句子就是强调句。
8.A【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:如果你在河里或湖里游泳,一定要调查水下有什么东西。(因为)经常会有些 岩石或树枝暗藏在水里。动词investigate后的宾语从句中缺少主语,且意为＂什么＂,所以选what。