Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars单元检测-2017-2018学年高一英语人教版（必修3）

Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars
单元检测
I. 选词填空
watch out, watch over, now that, cheer up, in turn, by turn, in time
1. ____________ you don’t like the job, you can give it up.
2. Wolves will kill people and people will ____________ kill them.
3. Sarah made it to the airport just ____________ to catch her plane this morning.
4. ____________ for walkers and other bicyclists, and always use your lights in dark conditions.
5. Feeling blue about the world? ＂____________, ＂ says science writer Matt Ridley.
II. 完成句子
1. 我每天早上都朗读英语。
I make ____________________aloud every morning.
2. 我打算让姐姐和我一块去上海。
I plan to make my sister________________ with me.
3. 这位医生竭尽全力让他的工作在医学领域得到认可。
The doctor tried to make ________________in the medical circles.
4. 这条新修建的房子是原来的两倍大。
The newly-built house is ____________________ the former one.
5. 我们将竭尽全力阻止这场战争的爆发。
We will try our best __________________________.
III. 单句改错
1. Effective measures must be taken to keep the river being polluted.
　________________________________________________________________________
2. Whatever happens, in no time will I give up.
　________________________________________________________________________
3. The problem was very puzzling that I couldn’t understand it.
　________________________________________________________________________
4. There was existed a certain doubt among the workers as to the necessity of the work.
　________________________________________________________________________
5. John was made deal with the tough problem.
　________________________________________________________________________
IV. 阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The oddness of life in space never quite goes away. Here are some examples.
First consider something as simple as sleep. Its position presents its own challenges. The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag. If you leave your arms out, they float free in zero gravity, often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny ballet (芭蕾) dancer. ＂I’m an inside guy,＂ Mike Hopkins says, who returned from a 6-month tour on the International Space Station.＂I like to be wrapped up.＂
On the station, the ordinary becomes strange. The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars. It also has no seat. With no gravity, it’s just as easy to pedal violently. You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want. But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long. Without gravity to help circulate air, the carbon dioxide you exhale(呼气) has a tendency to form an invisible (隐形的) cloud around your head. You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon dioxide headache.
Leroy Chiao, 54, an American retired astronaut after four flights, describes what happens even before you float out of your seat. ＂Your inner ear thinks you’re falling. Meanwhile your eyes are telling you you’re standing straight. That can be annoying — that’s why some people feel sick.＂ Within a couple of days — truly terrible days for some — astronauts’ brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear, and space sickness disappears.
Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous. For instance, astronauts lose bone mass. That’s why exercise is considered so vital that National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) puts it right on the workday schedule. The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about keeping any individual astronaut healthy. NASA is worried about two things: recovery time once astronauts return home, and, more importantly, how to maintain strength and fitness for the two and a half years or more that it would take to make a round-trip to Mars.
1. What is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space?
A. Deciding on a proper sleep position.
B. Choosing a comfortable sleeping bag.
C. Seeking a way to fall asleep quickly.
D. Finding a right time to go to sleep.
2. The astronauts will suffer from a carbon dioxide headache when ___________.
A. they circle around on their bikes
B. they use microcomputers without a stop
C. they exercise in one place for a long time
D. they watch a movie while pedaling
3. Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because ___________.
A. their senses stop working
B. they have to stand up straight
C. they float out of their seats unexpectedly
D. their brains receive contradictory messages
4. One of NASA’s major concerns about astronauts is ___________.
A. how much exercise they do on the station
B. how they can remain healthy for long in space
C. whether they can recover after returning home
D. whether they are able to go back to the station
B
Of all the planets, none has captured the world’s imagination like Mars. Its reddish color and changes in brightness over time make the planet an unforgettable sight.
In Cosmos, the television science series from the 1980s, scientist Carl Sagan talked about some traditional ideas about Mars. Some of these ideas are from the English science fiction writer H. G. Wells’ The War of the Worlds. Others are from the mistaken science of Percival Lowell, the American astronomer who believed intelligent beings lived on Mars. Wells described Martians as threatening. Lowell imagined them as the hopeful engineers of great works. Carl Sagan said that both ideas influenced the public deeply.
Today, Mars continues to excite humans — not as the object of science fiction but of scientific study. Space scientists have collected a wealth of information from spacecrafts that have orbited, landed on and dug into the Martian surface.
The Smithsonian’s ＂Mars Day＂ offered a chance for people of all ages to touch Mars, or at least a piece of it. Allison and Alycia from Silver Spring, Maryland, brought their children, Grace, Sam, Ryan and Emma. They heard about Mars and its geology from experts. They could see a test version of the Viking landers that reached Mars in July of 1976.They also saw meteorites (陨星) known to have come from the red, or reddish planet. Eight-year-old Sam learned that the ancient description of Mars as red is not exactly right. He said, ＂It’s actually orangish more than red and it’s also kind of brown, too.＂Emma is six. She learned about the volcanic activity that has shaped the surface of Mars. She said, ＂The closest thing to Mars — the stuff — is from volcanoes mostly.＂
＂Mars Day＂ offered Allison and Alycia’s children a chance to learn more about a world that they are very likely to set foot on within their lifetimes.
5. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A. Why Martians were considered threatening.
B. Why Mars has captured the world’s imagination.
C. What people generally thought of Mars in the past.
D. How H. G.Wells got the idea for his science fiction.
6. It is implied in Paragraph 3 that .
A. today’s space scientists still know nothing about Mars
B. today’s space scientists are very interested in Mars
C. science fiction films are no longer set in Mars
D. space scientists haven’t made any progress in knowing Mars
7. Sam would probably agree that .
A. Mars is not really red
B. no meteorites have come from Mars
C. Mars cannot be described as a little brown
D. the ancient description of Mars’ color is true
8. What is the writer’s attitude toward the idea that humans will set foot on Mars?
A. He thinks it may happen in this year.
B. He thinks it will always remain a dream.
C. He thinks it will come true within hundreds of years.
D. He thinks it may happen in the following decades.
V. 完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Today we had an American family, the Robinsons, for Sunday dinner. Mr. Robinson is my mother’s co-worker.
Mr. and Mrs. Robinson and their two young 1 came at about 6:00 p. m. Mrs. Robinson gave Mum a bunch of fresh flowers, 2 color, freshness and their good will. Mum did the 3 and it was left to ourselves to get to know each other. The two girls Judy and Annie and Xiao Hong had 4 fun with our little cat.
Mrs. Robinson is much 5 than her husband. There was a moment of embarrassment when Granny asked about her 6 . Mum was about to apologize 7 Mrs. Robinson laughed and said it was quite all right and that she had been here 8 enough to know it’s the Chinese custom. She 9 told us that she was 32, though her husband was 52.
And of course they entirely 10 the dinner. Like a perfect Chinese hostess, Mum and especially Granny __11__ stuffing(填) them with food and urging them to eat and to drink, apologizing all the time that it’s a homely meal. 12 , Mrs. Robinson said to Mum, ＂In the West any hostess would be proud of such a feast instead of apologizing for it, and we don’t urge the guests to eat or drink. 13 so many good things before me, I certainly don’t need any urging. The 14 is how to prevent myself overeating.＂ We all 15 laughter at that.
When they 16 to leave, they thanked us not only for the excellent dinner, but for giving them such a nice __17__. Besides, they insisted on giving every one of us a hug and a kiss, 18 did embarrass me. But I think Granny was really 19 when they kissed her.
It’s surprising how a little good will on both sides can 20 language and cultural barriers.
1. A. However B. Instead C. Therefore D. Besides
2. A. speed up B. slow down C. give up D. keep on
3. A. works B. happens C. minds D. matters
1. A. sons　　 B. babies C. daughters D. friends
2. A. bringing B. taking C. fetching D. adding
3. A. decoration B. direction C. introduction D. reception
4. A. powerful B. hopeful C. speechless D. endless
5. A. older B. younger C. thinner D. taller
6. A. marriage B. age C. belief D. salary
7. A. while B. when C. but D. and
8. A. luckily B. happily C. long D. short
9. A. honestly B. gradually C. excitedly D. loudly
10. A. prepared B. tasted C. enjoyed D. swallowed
11. A. continued B. stopped C. suggested D. kept
12. A. However B. Besides C. Therefore D. Instead
13. A. For B. With C. Over D. As
14. A. danger B. pain C. question D. problem
15. A. broke out B. gave off C. burst into D. set out
16. A. came B. hurried C. got D. rose
17. A. day B. time C. meal D. gift
18. A. they B. it C. which D. that
19. A. touched B. frightened C. disappointed D. encouraged
20. A. change B. improve C. damage D. break
VI. 七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Love Your Parents
Even if you think that your parents are mean-spirited at times, loving your parents is a normal and fulfilling part of life. You love them for the fact that they created you, raised you, and are in part, a source of who you are. ____1____
Tell them you love them every morning. A gentle ＂good morning＂ and ＂I love you＂ will warm a coldest heart. Remember that they brought you into this world. Without your parents, we might still wander at an unknown corner in an unknown world.
Respect them more and cherish these moments. You can use these moments to learn from them, preparing yourself for when you’re off on your own. It’s OK to get angry but angry actions don’t help you or your parents. Act calmly, cool off, write down your feelings, or talk to a friend.
2 Obey their requests. It will make your attitude better and earn you more respect from them. It may seem like you are going through hell when you don’t get what you want or you have to clean. However, you had better remember they keep a roof over your head when it’s cold, raining, snowing, or too hot. Understand that parents are human beings and make mistakes. 3 Since you can forgive your friends, why not forgive your parents?
Keep company with them. Do things with your parents like watching TV, or go somewhere with them. ____4____ Listen to their old stories and learn from them. You will find they are your teachers in this way or another.
Some people simply may not be able to love their parents. 5 Seek help if you are being abused（虐待）in anyway. Parents do not have a right to harm you.
A. Forgiveness is the key.
B. Here are some ways to love your parents.
C. Parents will in turn express their love to you.
D. After this, share your feelings with your parents.
E. Anyway, spend as much time with them as you can.
F. Please remember parents are as important as friends.
G. There can be realistic reasons for this, family violence for example.
VII. 短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1. 每处错误及修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
On Friday, our teacher told us that there would an English corner in front of our teaching building. I set about soon after the last class in the afternoon.
To my joy, the English corner had just been on for a few minute. I joined them on their talk. At first, I was afraid that my English was so poor and limit that I couldn’t follow them or make myself understand. I was also afraid that anyone might laugh at me. But a smiling face here or an encouraging nod there soon put me at ease. Though I speak to them only in simple English that day, I believe in future I will make a greater progress.
I. 选词填空
1. Now that　 2. in turn
3. in time 4. Watch out
5. Cheer up
II. 完成句子
1. it a rule to read English
2. go to Shanghai
3. his work recognized
4. twice as big as
5. to prevent the war from breaking out
III. 单句改错
1. being前加from　 2. in→at
3. very→so 4. 去掉was
5. deal前加to
IV. 阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】本文讲述了太空旅行中的种种奇特之处以及看不见的危险。
3. D 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段第二句至第四句可知，内耳认为你要摔倒的同时，眼睛说你正站得笔直，这两种矛盾的感官信号让人恼怒，这就是一些宇航员到太空站的头几天感到恶心的原因。故选D项。
4. B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句可知，NASA担心两件事，一件事是宇航员返回地球后所需的复原时间；另一件也是更重要的是，在进行往返火星旅行的两年半或更长时间里如何保持力量和健康。故选B项。
B
【语篇解读】在＂火星日＂，人们可以对火星有更好的了解和认识。
5. C 【解析】段落大意题。通读第二段可知，这一段主要是讲人们关于火星的一些传统认识，故选C。
6. B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段的＂Today, Mars continues to excite humans — not as the object of science fiction but of scientific study.＂以及后一句＂Space scientists have collected a wealth of information...＂可推断现在的航天科学家们对火星很感兴趣。
7. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段的＂He said, ‘It’s actually orangish more than red and it’s also kind of brown, too.’＂可知Sam认为火星并不是红色的，而是橘黄色甚至带点褐色，故选A。
8. C 【解析】推理判断题。根据末段的＂a world that they are very likely to set foot on within their lifetimes＂可知作者认为人类在接下来的几十年内就有可能登上火星。
V. 完形填空
【语篇解读】作者一家热情招待了来自美国的Robinson一家，双方对对方的美好祝愿打破了语言和文化障碍。
6. B 第三段作者讲述了关于＂年龄＂的小插曲，由第三段最后一句Robinson夫人回答的内容可知当作者的奶奶询问她的＂年龄＂时，有片刻的尴尬。
7. B 作者的母亲正要道歉，这时Robinson夫人大笑起来，说这没什么。此处when表示＂在那时＂。
8. C 她在这里已经生活了很＂久＂，知道这是中国的习俗，因此她并不介意。
9. A 她＂坦率地＂说出了自己以及她丈夫的年龄。
10. C 根据第四段倒数第三句可知客人们非常＂喜欢＂这顿晚餐。
11. D 作者的妈妈和奶奶不停地让客人们吃东西。keep doing sth.表示＂不停地做某事＂。
12. A 根据后面Robinson夫人说的话可知中西方文化的不同之处，空处表示转折关系。
13. B 分析句子结构可知，此处应是with复合结构。
14. D 问题是如何不让自己吃过量。question和problem都可以表示＂问题＂，但前者表示＂疑问＂，后者表示＂难题；困难＂。
15. C 大家都因此大笑起来。burst into laughter表示＂突然大笑起来＂。
16. D 客人们吃完晚饭后＂起身＂准备离开。
17. B 因为Robinson一家只是在作者家吃晚餐，故应该只是待了一段时间。
18. C 这里是非限制性定语从句，which指代前面的内容，在从句中作主语。
19. A 当他们亲吻作者的奶奶的时候，作者觉得奶奶真的很感动。
20. D 令人惊奇的是，双方的一个小小的美好祝愿就能＂打破＂语言和文化障碍。
VI. 七选五
【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了如何爱父母。
1. B 【解析】根据上文提到爱父母是一生的重要部分，你爱他们可能是因为他们生了你，养育了你，故选B下面是一些爱父母的方法。
2. D 【解析】根据上文提到Act calmly, cool off, write down your feelings, or talk to a friend. 保持冷静，写你的感受或与朋友交流，故选D之后与父母分享你的感受。
4. E 【解析】根据上文提到Keep company with them. Do things with your parents like watching TV, or go somewhere with them与他们呆在一起，与父母一块看电视，去某个地方玩，故选E尽可能与父母多的在一起，故选E项。
5. G 【解析】根据下方提到Seek help if you are being abused（虐待）in anyway. Parents do not have a right to harm you当被虐待时寻求帮助，父母没有权利伤害你，故选G有一些现实的因素存在，如家庭暴力。
VII. 短文改错
On Friday, our teacher told us that there would an English corner in front of our teaching building. I set soon after the last class in the afternoon.
To my joy, the English corner had just been on for a few . I joined them their talk. At first, I was afraid that my English was so poor and that I couldn’t follow them or make myself . I was also afraid that might laugh at me. But a smiling face here an encouraging nod there soon put me at ease. Though I to them only in simple English that day, I believe in future I will make greater progress.
第一处：an前加be 这是一个there be 句型，would后面加动词原形，故在an前加be。
第二处：about→out/off 此处是出发，开始。故把about改为out/off。
第三处：minute→minutes a few后跟可数名词复数，故把minute改为minutes。
第四处：on→in 固定搭配：join sb. in 加入到某人当中进行某项活动，故把on改为in。
第五处：limit→limited 句意：我的英语是有限的。形容词作表语，故把limit改为limited。
第六处：understand→understood 固定结构：make oneself done使某人自己被……，故把understand改为understood。