备战2018中考系列：英语2年中考1年模拟
专题10 动词的时态
?解读考点
动词的时态
动词是谓语动所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态，但是常用的只有9种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。
直击考点
初中英语需要掌握的8种时态：一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时一般将来时和过去将来时。
1.一般现在时的基本用法
经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。
时间状语： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
客观真理，客观存在，事实。
The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.
表示格言或警句中。
Pride goes before a fall.
【注意】此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.. 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 I don't want so much.
5) 某些动词如 come, go, move, stop, leave, arrive, be, finish, continue, start 等，在一般现在时句中可用来表示将来肯定会发生的动作。 21*cnjy*com
The train comes at 3 o'clock.
在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，一般现在时代替一般将来时。
I'll help you as soon as you have problem. Tell Xiao Li about it if you meet him. 21世纪教育网版权所有
判断标志：always=all the time，often，usually， every day(week, month, year, spring,Saturday…) sometimes=at times= from time to time, at seven(six)，seldom, never, in the morning( afternoon、 evening,) on Sunday(Monday，Tuesday) once a year(month，week) three times a day twice a day, all the year around=all over the year, all day and all night, in the day=in the day time, at night …
2.一般过去时的用法：表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况，通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词，词组或从句,如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。
I worked in that factory last year.
【注意】 1) 过去经常反复发生的动作，也可用used to或would加动词原形来表达，例 如： I used to go fishing on Sundays.
“used to”也可用于表示过去曾经存在过的状态。例如：This river used to be clean.
判断标志: 过去时间状语或过去经常性的时间状语.如：yesterday, the day before yesterday, last night(week, month, year, spring…) an hour /three years ago, once, once upon a time=long, long ago, 5 days later, the other day、 in 1988、 before liberation, just now， 以及由when, before, after, until等引导的状语从句表示过去的时间状语。
一般将来时的用法
表示将来的动作或状态。例如：I shall attend the meeting tomorrow.
表示将来反复发生的动作或存在的状态。例如： He will go to see his mother every Saturdays.
表示将来的意愿，决心，许诺， 命令等时常用will，征求对方意见，主语 是第一人称时，常用shall。
I will do my best to catch up with them. Shall I open the door?
be + going + 动词不定式。也是一种将来时句型，表示打算，计划，最近 或将来要作的某事。
I am going to Beijing next week.
be + 动词不定式(to do…)。表示有职责，义务，可能，约定，意图等。
There is to be a meeting this afternoon. We are to meet the guests at the station.
be about + 动词不定式(to do…)，表示即将作某事。
They are about to leave. 判断标志：将来的时间状语如tomorrow, next week(month， year，spring, summer, autumn, winter, Monday…), the day after tomorrow， in the future, soon, some day=one day等。
4.现在进行时的用法 构成：助动词 am/is /are +现在分词.
1) 现在进行时的用法表示说话者说话时正在发生或者进行的动作， 它注重 现在正在进行的动作，而不管动作从什么时间开始，到什么时间结束。
What are you doing now? I am looking for my key.
现在进行时表示目前一段时间内正在进行的动作（但说话时这个动作不一 定在进行）。
The students are preparing for the examination.
某些动词的现在进行时可以表示即将发生的动作，这些动词有 arrive, come, leave, start等。
They are going to Hong Kong tomorrow.
【注意】有些动词一般不可以用于进行时态
①表示状态的动词，尤其是静态动词，如：be, have
②表示认识、知觉和情感的动词，如：know, think, hear, find, see, like, want, wish, prefer等。 判断标志：常与now, these days，at the moment, It’s 7:11 now. 连用或通过上下文如： look, listen, 等词来暗示
5.现在完成时的用法 现在完成时用法
1. 现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。
I have already posted the photo.
我已经把照片寄走了。强调post对现在的影响＂照片不在这里＂。
2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)，常与for(+时间段)，since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用，谓语动词必须是延续性动词。如：
He has lived here since 1978.
自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)
注意：for和since的用法。
①for + 时间段 译为：……时间
②since + 过去一个时间点(译为：自从……以来)
③since + 时间段 + ago
④since + 从句(过去时)
⑤It is + 时间段 + since + 从句(过去时)
注意：瞬间动词(buy, die, join, lose...)与for 或since引导的时间段连用时，要改变成延续性动词。变化如下： 21教育网
come/arrive/reach/get to→be in go out→be out finish→be over
open→be open die→be dead buy→have
Fall ill→be ill Come back→be back Put on→be on/wear
Worry→be worried Catch a cold→have a cold
6.过去进行时的用法 构成：助动词was, (were)+现在分词。 表示过去某个时刻正在进行的状态或动作。
例如： I was watching TV when she came to see me. www.21-cn-jy.com
【注意】 过去进行时和一般过去时都是过去发生的事情，但过去进行时侧重表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或所处的状态，强调动作的连续进行，而一般过去时则表示单纯的过去事实，例如： They were building a house last month. （上个月正在建造，建造好与否不知） 2·1·c·n·j·y
They built a new house last month. （上个月建造好了，动作已经完成）
判断标志：（常与表示过去某一时刻的时间状语连用，如：this time yesterday. at seven yesterday evening.或由when while等引起的状语从句。
7.过去完成时的用法 构成：助动词had+ 过去分词. 过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或所处的状态，过去完成时常和 by , before 等词组成的短语和从句连用。
We had already learned two thousands words by the end of last year.
When we arrived at the station, they had waited for more than twenty minutes.
判断标志：by the end of last month, by the end of last year, by nine o’clock,等时间
8.过去将来时的用法 由would +动原构成或was(were) going to+动原 构成。过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在地状态，过去将来时较多地被运用在宾语从句中。 例如： They were going to have a meeting. I told him that I would see him off at the station. 判断标志：the next week, the next year连用
?2年中考
[2017年题组]
1. （2017 ? 云南省昆明市中考）— Did you do anything interesting last Sunday?
—Not really. I just ____________ at home.
A. stay B. stayed C. will stay D. am staying
2. （2017 ? 苏州市中考）— Excuse me, what time does Flight BA 2793 leave?www-2-1-cnjy-com
—Just a minute. I ____________ for you.
A. check B. checked C. will check D. havc checked
3. （2017 ? 四川成都）—Did you hear someone knock at the door just now?
—Sorry. I ____________ to my friend on the phone.
A. was talking B. talked C. am talking
4. （2017 ? 安徽）Mr. Green ____________ to sing an English song at the party and he sang well.
A. was invited B. invited C. is invited D. invites
5. （2017 ? 苏州市中考）—Why hasn’t Tony come?
—The invitation letter ____________ to Toby by accident
A. was emailed B. has emailed C. is emailed D. emailed
6. （2017 ? 山东青岛）Teenagers have to be 18 years old before they ____________ to drive a car.
A. are allowed B. will be allowed C. allow
7. （2017 ? 山东泰安） As China grows stronger and stronger, Chinese ____________ in more and more schools out of our country.
A. teaches B. is taught C. has taught D. was taught
8. （2017 ? 上海中考）Some exchange students ____________ with their host families this time yesterday.
A. are chatting B. will chat C. were chatting D. have chatted
9. （2017 ? 上海中考）Several journalists ____________ the lawyer about the international case an hour ago.
A. interview B. interviewed C. will interview D. had interviewed
10. （2017 ? 上海中考）The museum ____________ next month to celebrate the Science & Technology Festival.
A. is decorated B. will decorate C. is decorating D. will be decorated
[2016年题组]
1. （2016 ? 湖北省随州市中考）—Your bedroom is so clean.
—Of course. It ____________ every day.
A. cleans B. cleaned C. is cleaned D. was cleaned
2. （2016 ? 湖北省随州市中考）—What ____________ if they ____________ to the meeting late?
—Sorry, I don’t know.
A. will happen; go B. happened; go C. happens; will go D. will happen; will go
3. （2016 ? 湖北省随州市中考）—Did you watch the football match on TV last night?21·世纪*教育网
—I wanted to, but my father ____________ his favorite TV program. 【版权所有：21教育】
A. watched B. watches C. was watching D. had watched
4. （2016 ? 湖北省宜昌市中考）—How many children do most post-80s families have?
—One. They ____________ two in the future, I guess.
A. will have B. had C. have D. have had
5. （2016 ? 湖北省宜昌市中考）—Quite a few new laws and rules on food safety ____________ into use last month.
—Can you tell me what they are?
A. were putting B. have been put C. were put D. put
6. （2016 ? 吉林省中考）Both Lily and Lucy ____________ to the party yesterday, but they didn’t come at all.
A. were invited B. was invited C. invited
7. （2016 ? 江苏省宿迁市中考）My grandparents ____________ for over 60 years and they love each other very much.
A. have been married B. got married C. were married D. have got married
8. （2016 ? 四川省宜宾市中考）I don’t know when he ____________ back. Please tell me when he ____________ back.
A. comes; comes B. comes; will come C. will come; comes
?考点归纳
动词的基本形式：英语动词有四种基本形式：动词原形，过去式，过去分词和现在分词。这四种动词形式和助动词一起构成动词的时态，语态和语气。?【出处：21教育名师】
1) 动词的原形。就是词典中所给的形式。例如：be, have, buy, sit.?
2) 动词过去式和过去分词的构成有规则的和不规则的两种形式。规则动词的过去式和过去分词，由在原形动词的后面加词尾 -ed 构成。例如：work - worked - worked. 不规则动词的过去式和过去分词的形式是不规则的，须要一一记忆。 例如：go - went - gone, do - did - done.?
3) 动词的现在分词由动词原形加 -ing 构成。构成方法如下：?
a）一般情况在动词原形后加 -ing 。例如：go---going stand---standing?
b）以不发音的 e 结尾的动词，去掉 e ，再加 -ing. 动词是闭音节的单音节词，或是以重读闭音节结尾的多音节词，而末尾只有一辅音字母时，这个辅音字母须双写，然后再加 ing。例如：arrive- arriving get- getting.?
c）少数几个以 -ie 结尾的动词，须将 ie 变成 y ，再加 ing. 例如：die--dying lie--lying。?
4. 动词的时态?
英语动词的时态是一种动词的形式。不同的动词时态用以表示不同的时间和方式。共有十六种时态。?
一般时 进行时 完成时 完成进行时?
一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时?
一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时?
一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时?
一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时?
十六种时态的谓语形式?
一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态?
现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing?
过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing?
将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing?
过去将来 should/would do should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing?
?易错易混
1) 表时刻表的情况下，一般现在时代替将来时态用;
The plane takes off at 10p.m.
2) 主将从现 符合的原则是：if条件句，时间状语从句，方式状语从句和让步状语从句。如：
If he comes, I'll let you know.
He will be happy when I tell him.
Next time I'll do as you say.
Even if it rains tomorrow, the sports meet will take place.21教育名师原创作品
3) be to do 表示有责任、有义务做某事
be about to do 表示正要做某事
I was about to leave when the telephone rang.
be going to do 表示有计划性、准备做某事
will do 一般情况下使用
4)现在进行时注意以下情况:
1) 和always, constantly, forever, continually连用表示说话人的感彩，责备，埋怨等;
He is always thinking of others.
He is always making the same mistake.
2) 强调情况的暂时性;
He is walking to school because his bike is being repaired.21*cnjy*com
5). 一般将来时注意以下三点。
1) 表倾向，习惯性动作。意为"会，不能，没法";
We will die sooner or later. The medicine won't help.
2) 表推测
The man in the middle will be visiting president.
3) 表容量
The hall will seat 500 people.
6)现在完成时的适用范围。
1) 过去动作对现在的影响和结果;
I've already finished my homework, so I can leave now.21·cn·jy·com
2) 过去开始持续到现在;
Great changes have taken place in China in the past five years.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
7). 过去完成时注意两点。
1) 它是和一般过去时对应存在的，没有一般过去时，就不存在过去完成时。
His family hadn't heard from him for six months until he came home.
2) 用在no sooner…than, scarcely…when, hardly…when,等句型中。
No sooner had I seen him than I told him.
8.下列 that从句用完成时：(注意：主句用is，从句用have/has+过去分词 ;主句用was 从句用had+过去分词)
1.It/This/That is the first/second/last time that… 如：
This is the first time that I have been in Beijing.
2.It/This/That is the only…that… 如：
That is the only book that I have really enjoyed in my life.
3.It/This/That is the + 最高级…that…
It is one of the most interesting book that I have ever read.
4.It is/ has been…since
It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.(从我上次见到他以来已经10年了。)
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
1. 侧重点不同
现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去，但它们所强调的重点不同：现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响；而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间，即现在完成时侧重于现在的结果，而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间。如：
I have seen the film.
我看过这部电影。（现在我仍记得电影的内容）
I saw the film three days ago.
三天前我看了这部电影。（强调是三天前，而不是别的什么时候看的电影）
Mr Green has bought a new computer.
格林先生买了一台新电脑。（着重点是格林先生现在有了一台新电脑）
Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday.
格林先生昨天买了一台新电脑。（强调的是格林先生买新电脑的时间是昨天）
2. 时间状语不同
现在完成时常与already，yet，just，ever，never，before等副词以及＂for+段时间＂，＂since+过去时间/从句＂等时间状语连用；而一般过去时则常与＂时间段+ago＂，just now，yesterday，last week等表示过去的时间状语连用。如：2-1-c-n-j-y
She has lived here since two years ago. 她两年前就住在这里了。
She lived here two years ago. 两年前她住在这里。
He has been in the League for three years. 他入团已经三年了。
Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 昨晚汤姆给他的父母写了封信。
（2017 ? 山东泰安）With the development of science and technology, robot cooks ____________ in our families in the future.
A. appear B. appeared C. will appear D. is appearing
此题考查一般将来时的用法，此句的主语是robot cooks，为物，且由in the future可知此处用一般将来时，又因appear不用于被动语态，所以此处用will appear。故选C。考生掌握住不用被动语态的几种情况，更容易作对这类题。
?解题技能
根据试题统计，动词语法占语法考题中的50%左右，其内容主要包括动词的时态、语态、要掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。
?1年模拟
1. （2017 ? 江苏省镇江丹阳市中考二模）—Mum, can I go to watch the movie Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 tomorrow?
—Sure, if your homework __________.
A. finish B. is finished C. will finish D. will be finished
2. （2015 ? 广东省广州市番禺区九年级综合测试一模）If he __________ harder, he will catch up with us soon.
A. study B. studies C. will study D. studying
3. （2017 ? 新疆乌鲁木齐市第九十八中中考四模）If Peter __________, please ask him to leave a __________.21cnjy.com
A. come; notice B. comes; message
C. come; sentence D. comes; information
4. （2017 ? 上海市黄浦区九年级4月业模拟考试）More than six million guests __________ Shanghai Disneyland Park since last June.
A. visit B. visited C. were visiting D. have visited
5. （2017 ? 上海市黄浦区九年级4月业模拟考试）Listen! Someone __________ at the door. Please go and answer it.
A. knocks B. is knocking C. has knocked D. was knocking
?解读考点
动词的时态
动词是谓语动所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态，但是常用的只有9种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。2·1·c·n·j·y
直击考点
初中英语需要掌握的8种时态：一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时一般将来时和过去将来时。
1.一般现在时的基本用法
经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。
时间状语： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
客观真理，客观存在，事实。
The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.
表示格言或警句中。
Pride goes before a fall.
【注意】此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round..
现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 I don't want so much.
5) 某些动词如 come, go, move, stop, leave, arrive, be, finish, continue, start 等，在一般现在时句中可用来表示将来肯定会发生的动作。
The train comes at 3 o'clock.
在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，一般现在时代替一般将来时。
I'll help you as soon as you have problem. Tell Xiao Li about it if you meet him.
判断标志：always=all the time，often，usually， every day(week, month, year, spring,Saturday…) sometimes=at times= from time to time, at seven(six)，seldom, never, in the morning( afternoon、 evening,) on Sunday(Monday，Tuesday) once a year(month，week) three times a day twice a day, all the year around=all over the year, all day and all night, in the day=in the day time, at night …
2.一般过去时的用法：表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况，通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词，词组或从句,如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。
I worked in that factory last year.
【注意】 1) 过去经常反复发生的动作，也可用used to或would加动词原形来表达，例 如： I used to go fishing on Sundays.
“used to”也可用于表示过去曾经存在过的状态。例如：This river used to be clean.
判断标志: 过去时间状语或过去经常性的时间状语.如：yesterday, the day before yesterday, last night(week, month, year, spring…) an hour /three years ago, once, once upon a time=long, long ago, 5 days later, the other day、 in 1988、 before liberation, just now， 以及由when, before, after, until等引导的状语从句表示过去的时间状语。 www-2-1-cnjy-com
一般将来时的用法
表示将来的动作或状态。例如：I shall attend the meeting tomorrow.
表示将来反复发生的动作或存在的状态。例如： He will go to see his mother every Saturdays.
表示将来的意愿，决心，许诺， 命令等时常用will，征求对方意见，主语 是第一人称时，常用shall。
I will do my best to catch up with them. Shall I open the door?
be + going + 动词不定式。也是一种将来时句型，表示打算，计划，最近 或将来要作的某事。
I am going to Beijing next week.
be + 动词不定式(to do…)。表示有职责，义务，可能，约定，意图等。
There is to be a meeting this afternoon. We are to meet the guests at the station.
be about + 动词不定式(to do…)，表示即将作某事。
They are about to leave. 判断标志：将来的时间状语如tomorrow, next week(month， year，spring, summer, autumn, winter, Monday…), the day after tomorrow， in the future, soon, some day=one day等。
4.现在进行时的用法 构成：助动词 am/is /are +现在分词.
1) 现在进行时的用法表示说话者说话时正在发生或者进行的动作， 它注重 现在正在进行的动作，而不管动作从什么时间开始，到什么时间结束。
What are you doing now? I am looking for my key.
现在进行时表示目前一段时间内正在进行的动作（但说话时这个动作不一 定在进行）。
The students are preparing for the examination.
某些动词的现在进行时可以表示即将发生的动作，这些动词有 arrive, come, leave, start等。
They are going to Hong Kong tomorrow.
【注意】有些动词一般不可以用于进行时态
①表示状态的动词，尤其是静态动词，如：be, have
②表示认识、知觉和情感的动词，如：know, think, hear, find, see, like, want, wish, prefer等。 判断标志：常与now, these days，at the moment, It’s 7:11 now. 连用或通过上下文如： look, listen, 等词来暗示
5.现在完成时的用法 现在完成时用法
1. 现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。
I have already posted the photo.
我已经把照片寄走了。强调post对现在的影响＂照片不在这里＂。
2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)，常与for(+时间段)，since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用，谓语动词必须是延续性动词。如：
He has lived here since 1978.
自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)
注意：for和since的用法。
①for + 时间段 译为：……时间
②since + 过去一个时间点(译为：自从……以来)
③since + 时间段 + ago
④since + 从句(过去时)
⑤It is + 时间段 + since + 从句(过去时)
注意：瞬间动词(buy, die, join, lose...)与for 或since引导的时间段连用时，要改变成延续性动词。变化如下： 2-1-c-n-j-y
come/arrive/reach/get to→be in go out→be out finish→be over
open→be open die→be dead buy→have
Fall ill→be ill Come back→be back Put on→be on/wear
Worry→be worried Catch a cold→have a cold
6.过去进行时的用法 构成：助动词was, (were)+现在分词。 表示过去某个时刻正在进行的状态或动作。
例如： I was watching TV when she came to see me. 21*cnjy*com
【注意】 过去进行时和一般过去时都是过去发生的事情，但过去进行时侧重表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或所处的状态，强调动作的连续进行，而一般过去时则表示单纯的过去事实，例如： They were building a house last month. （上个月正在建造，建造好与否不知）
They built a new house last month. （上个月建造好了，动作已经完成）
判断标志：（常与表示过去某一时刻的时间状语连用，如：this time yesterday. at seven yesterday evening.或由when while等引起的状语从句。
7.过去完成时的用法 构成：助动词had+ 过去分词. 过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或所处的状态，过去完成时常和 by , before 等词组成的短语和从句连用。
We had already learned two thousands words by the end of last year.
When we arrived at the station, they had waited for more than twenty minutes.
判断标志：by the end of last month, by the end of last year, by nine o’clock,等时间
8.过去将来时的用法 由would +动原构成或was(were) going to+动原 构成。过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在地状态，过去将来时较多地被运用在宾语从句中。 例如： They were going to have a meeting. I told him that I would see him off at the station. 判断标志：the next week, the next year连用
?2年中考
[2017年题组]
1. （2017 ? 云南省昆明市中考）— Did you do anything interesting last Sunday?
—Not really. I just ____________ at home.
A. stay B. stayed C. will stay D. am staying
【答案】B
2. （2017 ? 苏州市中考）— Excuse me, what time does Flight BA 2793 leave?
—Just a minute. I ____________ for you.
A. check B. checked C. will check D. havc checked
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——请问，英航2793班机什么时候起飞？——等一下。我帮你查一下。根据Just a minute等一下，故用将来时，因此选C。
3. （2017 ? 四川成都）—Did you hear someone knock at the door just now?
—Sorry. I ____________ to my friend on the phone.
A. was talking B. talked C. am talking
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：——你刚才听见有人敲门吗？——不好意思，我在给我的朋友打电话。这里指刚才敲门的时候，我正在打电话，所以句子应该用过去进行时。故选A。
4. （2017 ? 安徽）Mr. Green ____________ to sing an English song at the party and he sang well.
A. was invited B. invited C. is invited D. invites
【答案】A
5. （2017 ? 苏州市中考）—Why hasn’t Tony come?
—The invitation letter ____________ to Toby by accident
A. was emailed B. has emailed C. is emailed D. emailed
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词的时态及语态。句意：——托尼为什么还没来？——邀请函偶然地通过电子邮件发送给托比。A. was emailed被邮寄，过去式的被动语态；B. has emailed 已邮寄；C. is emailed 被邮寄，现在式的被动语态；D. emailed 邮寄，一般过去时。The invitation letter是物，应用被动语态，邀请函已发故用过去式，因此选A。*
6. （2017 ? 山东青岛）Teenagers have to be 18 years old before they ____________ to drive a car.
A. are allowed B. will be allowed C. allow
【参考答案】A
【试题解析】考查被动语态的用法。句意：青少年在允许开车前不得不达到十八岁。are allowed被动语态的一般现在时；C. will be allowed被动语态的一般将来时；D. allow一般现在时。根据主语和谓语动词之间的动宾关系，可知用被动语态，结合句意，可知表示一般情况，故选A。【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
7. （2017 ? 山东泰安） As China grows stronger and stronger, Chinese ____________ in more and more schools out of our country.
A. teaches B. is taught C. has taught D. was taught
【答案】B
【解析】考查被动语态的时态的用法。句意：随着中国变得越来越强大，汉语在国外越来越多的校教。A. teaches第三人称单数形式； B. is taught 一般现在时的被动结构 C. has taught 现在完成时，主动结构； D. was taught一般过去时的被动结构。根据主语和谓语动词之间是动宾关系，所以用被动语态，根据句意，可知描述的是现在的一种现象，所以用一般现在时，故选B。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
8. （2017 ? 上海中考）Some exchange students ____________ with their host families this time yesterday.
A. are chatting B. will chat C. were chatting D. have chatted
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：昨天这个时候，一些交换生正在和他们的寄宿家庭聊天。 this time yesterday昨天的这个时间，表示过去的某个时间段内正在进行的动作。应该用过去进行时。A是现在进行时、B是一般将来时、D是现在完成时。故选C。
9. （2017 ? 上海中考）Several journalists ____________ the lawyer about the international case an hour ago.
A. interview B. interviewed C. will interview D. had interviewed
【答案】B
10. （2017 ? 上海中考）The museum ____________ next month to celebrate the Science & Technology Festival.
A. is decorated B. will decorate C. is decorating D. will be decorated
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：为庆祝即将举行的技术节，这个博物馆下个月就要装修。根据题意，博物馆下个月要进行装修，属于打算，应该用一般将来时，排除A和C选项。同时，博物馆是“被装修”，要用decorate的被动语态，即be decorated，而B是主动式，可排除。故选D。
[2016年题组]
1. （2016 ? 湖北省随州市中考）—Your bedroom is so clean.
—Of course. It ____________ every day.
A. cleans B. cleaned C. is cleaned D. was cleaned
【答案】C
【解析】考查被动语态。句意：——你的卧室真干净。——当然，它每天都被打扫。根据every day句子应该用一般现在时，句子的主语it与谓语动词clean之间是被动关系，故选C。21*cnjy*com
2. （2016 ? 湖北省随州市中考）—What ____________ if they ____________ to the meeting late?
—Sorry, I don’t know.
A. will happen; go B. happened; go C. happens; will go D. will happen; will go
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——如果他们开会迟到会怎么样？——对不起，我不知道。If引导的在条件状语从句不能用将来时，而用一般现在时来代替，遵循主将从现的原则。故选A。
3. （2016 ? 湖北省随州市中考）—Did you watch the football match on TV last night?
—I wanted to, but my father ____________ his favorite TV program.
A. watched B. watches C. was watching D. had watched
【答案】C
4. （2016 ? 湖北省宜昌市中考）—How many children do most post-80s families have?
—One. They ____________ two in the future, I guess.
A. will have B. had C. have D. have had
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——大部分80后的家庭有几个孩子？——一个。我猜想将来他们会有两个的。A. will have将会有；B、C和D.分别是have的过去式、现在式和完成时形式，都和“in the future”不符。故选A。
5. （2016 ? 湖北省宜昌市中考）—Quite a few new laws and rules on food safety ____________ into use last month.
—Can you tell me what they are?
A. were putting B. have been put C. were put D. put
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词的被动语态。句意：——上个月，有不少新的食品安全法规出台了。——你能告诉我它们是什么吗？这个题目旨在考查动词的被动语态，句子的主语Quite a few new laws and rules与put之间是被动关系，故排除A和D选项，根据last month这个表过去时间的短语，故排除B选项。故选C。
6. （2016 ? 吉林省中考）Both Lily and Lucy ____________ to the party yesterday, but they didn’t come at all.
A. were invited B. was invited C. invited
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词的语态。句意：昨天李丽和露西都被邀请去参加聚会，但是他们都没有去。A. were invited 被邀请，用于复数的主语； B. was invited 用于单数主语； C. invited是过去式。因为句子的主语Both Lily and Lucy是复数，并且与谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以用were invited被邀请，故选A。@
7. （2016 ? 江苏省宿迁市中考）My grandparents ____________ for over 60 years and they love each other very much.
A. have been married B. got married C. were married D. have got married
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：我的祖父母已经结婚60多年了，他们彼此深爱着对方。for over 60 years超过60年，是属于时间段，不能用过去式，先排除B、C。虽然be married 和get married都是表示已婚、结婚，但be married强调的是状态，而后者更侧重于动作，D也可排除。故选A。
8. （2016 ? 四川省宜宾市中考）I don’t know when he ____________ back. Please tell me when he ____________ back.
A. comes; comes B. comes; will come C. will come; comes
【答案】C
?考点归纳
动词的基本形式：英语动词有四种基本形式：动词原形，过去式，过去分词和现在分词。这四种动词形式和助动词一起构成动词的时态，语态和语气。?
1) 动词的原形。就是词典中所给的形式。例如：be, have, buy, sit.?
2) 动词过去式和过去分词的构成有规则的和不规则的两种形式。规则动词的过去式和过去分词，由在原形动词的后面加词尾 -ed 构成。例如：work - worked - worked. 不规则动词的过去式和过去分词的形式是不规则的，须要一一记忆。 例如：go - went - gone, do - did - done.?
3) 动词的现在分词由动词原形加 -ing 构成。构成方法如下：?
a）一般情况在动词原形后加 -ing 。例如：go---going stand---standing?21教育网
b）以不发音的 e 结尾的动词，去掉 e ，再加 -ing. 动词是闭音节的单音节词，或是以重读闭音节结尾的多音节词，而末尾只有一辅音字母时，这个辅音字母须双写，然后再加 ing。例如：arrive- arriving get- getting.?
c）少数几个以 -ie 结尾的动词，须将 ie 变成 y ，再加 ing. 例如：die--dying lie--lying。?
4. 动词的时态?
英语动词的时态是一种动词的形式。不同的动词时态用以表示不同的时间和方式。共有十六种时态。?
一般时 进行时 完成时 完成进行时?
一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时?
一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时?
一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时?
一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时?
十六种时态的谓语形式?
一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态?
现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing?
过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing?
将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing?
过去将来 should/would do should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing?
?易错易混
1) 表时刻表的情况下，一般现在时代替将来时态用;
The plane takes off at 10p.m.
2) 主将从现 符合的原则是：if条件句，时间状语从句，方式状语从句和让步状语从句。如：
If he comes, I'll let you know.
He will be happy when I tell him.
Next time I'll do as you say.
Even if it rains tomorrow, the sports meet will take place.21教育名师原创作品
3) be to do 表示有责任、有义务做某事
be about to do 表示正要做某事
I was about to leave when the telephone rang.
be going to do 表示有计划性、准备做某事
will do 一般情况下使用
4)现在进行时注意以下情况:
1) 和always, constantly, forever, continually连用表示说话人的感彩，责备，埋怨等;
He is always thinking of others.
He is always making the same mistake.
2) 强调情况的暂时性;
He is walking to school because his bike is being repaired.21cnjy.com
5). 一般将来时注意以下三点。
1) 表倾向，习惯性动作。意为"会，不能，没法";
We will die sooner or later. The medicine won't help.21·cn·jy·com
2) 表推测
The man in the middle will be visiting president.
3) 表容量
The hall will seat 500 people.
6)现在完成时的适用范围。
1) 过去动作对现在的影响和结果;
I've already finished my homework, so I can leave now.www.21-cn-jy.com
2) 过去开始持续到现在;
Great changes have taken place in China in the past five years.
7). 过去完成时注意两点。
1) 它是和一般过去时对应存在的，没有一般过去时，就不存在过去完成时。
His family hadn't heard from him for six months until he came home.
2) 用在no sooner…than, scarcely…when, hardly…when,等句型中。
No sooner had I seen him than I told him.
8.下列 that从句用完成时：(注意：主句用is，从句用have/has+过去分词 ;主句用was 从句用had+过去分词)
1.It/This/That is the first/second/last time that… 如：21世纪教育网版权所有
This is the first time that I have been in Beijing.
2.It/This/That is the only…that… 如：
That is the only book that I have really enjoyed in my life.
3.It/This/That is the + 最高级…that…
It is one of the most interesting book that I have ever read.
4.It is/ has been…since
It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.(从我上次见到他以来已经10年了。)
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
1. 侧重点不同
现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去，但它们所强调的重点不同：现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响；而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间，即现在完成时侧重于现在的结果，而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间。如：
I have seen the film.
我看过这部电影。（现在我仍记得电影的内容）
I saw the film three days ago.
三天前我看了这部电影。（强调是三天前，而不是别的什么时候看的电影）
Mr Green has bought a new computer.
格林先生买了一台新电脑。（着重点是格林先生现在有了一台新电脑）
Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday.
格林先生昨天买了一台新电脑。（强调的是格林先生买新电脑的时间是昨天）
2. 时间状语不同
现在完成时常与already，yet，just，ever，never，before等副词以及＂for+段时间＂，＂since+过去时间/从句＂等时间状语连用；而一般过去时则常与＂时间段+ago＂，just now，yesterday，last week等表示过去的时间状语连用。如：【出处：21教育名师】
She has lived here since two years ago. 她两年前就住在这里了。
She lived here two years ago. 两年前她住在这里。
He has been in the League for three years. 他入团已经三年了。
Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 昨晚汤姆给他的父母写了封信。
（2017 ? 山东泰安）With the development of science and technology, robot cooks ____________ in our families in the future.
A. appear B. appeared C. will appear D. is appearing
【参考答案】C
此题考查一般将来时的用法，此句的主语是robot cooks，为物，且由in the future可知此处用一般将来时，又因appear不用于被动语态，所以此处用will appear。故选C。考生掌握住不用被动语态的几种情况，更容易作对这类题。21·世纪*教育网
?解题技能
根据试题统计，动词语法占语法考题中的50%左右，其内容主要包括动词的时态、语态、要掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。
?1年模拟
1. （2017 ? 江苏省镇江丹阳市中考二模）—Mum, can I go to watch the movie Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 tomorrow?【版权所有：21教育】
—Sure, if your homework __________.
A. finish B. is finished C. will finish D. will be finished
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——妈妈，明天我可以去看电影《银河守护者》第2部吗？——当然，如果你的作业被完成了。这里是if引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时态，这里主要是your homework，用被动语态，其结构是be done的形式。主语是单数，这用is。根据题意，故选B。
2. （2015 ? 广东省广州市番禺区九年级综合测试一模）If he __________ harder, he will catch up with us soon.
A. study B. studies C. will study D. studying
【答案】B
3. （2017 ? 新疆乌鲁木齐市第九十八中中考四模）If Peter __________, please ask him to leave a __________.
A. come; notice B. comes; message
C. come; sentence D. comes; information
【答案】B
【解析】句意：如果彼得来，请让他留下口信。notice通知；message消息，是可数名词；sentence句子，是可数名词；information消息，是不可数名词。第一空主语Peter是第三人称单数，故谓语用第三人称单数，故用comes。排除AC两项。第二空有不定冠词a修饰，故用可数名词单数形式，leave a message留下口信，故选B。
4. （2017 ? 上海市黄浦区九年级4月业模拟考试）More than six million guests __________ Shanghai Disneyland Park since last June.
A. visit B. visited C. were visiting D. have visited
【答案】D
5. （2017 ? 上海市黄浦区九年级4月业模拟考试）Listen! Someone __________ at the door. Please go and answer it.
A. knocks B. is knocking C. has knocked D. was knocking
【答案】B
【解析】句意：听！有人在敲门。请去看一看。像Listen，look，now等表示现在时间，要用现在进行时态，现在进行时的构成：be+doing；根据Listen!可知现在的时间，要用现在进行时态，结合句意和语境可知选B。
