高中英语人教版（新课程标准）必修4 Unit 4 Unit 4 Body language【教学设计】

Unit 4 Body language
本单元以Body Language——“体态语”为中心话题，具体涉及什么是“体态语”，如何理解“体态语”，以及“体态语”的跨文化性等。本单元的语言技能和语言知识也都是围绕“体态语”这一中心话题设计的，旨在通过单元教学，用听、说、读、写、做(表演)等多种形式，让学生正确认识和掌握“体态语”在交际中的作用和意义，使学生明确“体态语”在人类交际中的重要性，了解“体态语”在不同民族、不同文化交际中的多样性；使学生在今后的日常生活、学习、工作和交往中尽量减少或避免运用“体态语”时可能产生的误解，提高他们的“语言交际”能力和“非语言交际”能力。
?? ??这节课主要侧重在阅读部分的学习，这种对课文的理解，本节课十本单元的第一节课。本课的READING材料处于教材的第三部分，是一篇介绍性（记叙文）体裁的文章，主要介绍了各种文化背景下的“体态语”的异同，为学生提供了来自不同国度、不同语言文化背景的“体态语”及其在交际中的异同和影响的具体例证。学生也可以结合自己在语言交际中所遇到的实际例子来进一步理解Communication: No problem?（交际，毫无问题可言吗？）这一主题。课后COMPREHENDING?包括八个问题（前5个旨在检查学生对阅读材料细节的理解，6~7旨在引导学生对“体态语”的意义及文化差异的思考，第8个检查学生能否通过细节进行推理判断），通过对来自不同国度、不同语言文化背景的六个角色对待男女不同性别所使用的“体态语”异同的（学生在老师指导下的自我或小组讨论后的）归纳，进一步熟悉和掌握“体态语”在不同语言文化交际中的作用和意义。
????? 在READING前面有WARMING UP和PRE-READING?两部分。WARMING UP以列表对比（填充及增补）的形式，并通过WARMING UP的活动，让学生了解有声语言与“体态语”的对应关系，了解语言意义与行为意义（“体态语”）在交际中具有同等重要的作用。同时，学生在听、说、做（即表演“体态语”的动作）中能够增进对语言交际的感性认识，为他们在阅读过程中上升到对语言交际的理性认识打下基础。PRE-READING?通过提供三个关于不同文化背景下“体态语”的问题，启发学生思考我们所学习的“语言”的目的、形式、功能。通过引导学生联系自己日常生活的实际，提高学生努力学习英语的积极性和自觉性；同时培养学生留心社会、关注生活的洞察力，为引导学生进一步“阅读”作好准备。
???? 本节课按照其在课本中的顺序将它们结合，组合成一节阅读课，均紧扣本单元话题，同时涉及到本单元的功能句，首先指导学生通过“说”（用英语发出与“体态语”相关的指令）与“做”（用“体态语”表达指令）结合来进行口语训练，同时为后面的阅读作准备调动学生阅读的积极性，在侧重阅读能力的同时注重培养学生其他方面的技能与情感文化素养，这将是一节生动有趣的阅读课。
教学目标
A. Knowledge and skills：
1. Review the reading skills and the language points in the reading text.
2. Learn the useful structure in this unit——v-ing.
3. Do more exercises to practice the forms and the uses of v-ing.
B. Process and methods:
1. Review the reading skills and the main language points in the reading text.
2. Show the students some sentences on v-ing used as attribute and adverbial and get them to conclude the rules.
3. Leave the students time to do the practicing exercises on page 29 and 64.
C. Emotion, attitude and values:
1. Get to know the differences in different cultures.
2. Enable the students to know how to express themselves correctly.
教学重难点
Teaching important points
Encourage the students to learn the foreign culture and know more about different cultures in the world.
Teaching difficult points
Further train Ss’ reading skills of grasping the gist, summing up Para. main ideas, obtaining key information.
教学方法
Teaching Methods
Elicitation, discussion, listening, group work.
Teaching Aids
A computer, a blackboard
教学过程
Step 1 Leading in
A review of body language
Different feelings of the baby
What does his / her facial expression mean?
Feelings and action
Meaning
Action
1. You are welcome.
1.
2. I am worried
2.
3. I ate too much!
3.
4. I am sorry that I did something wrong.
4.
Step 2 Warming up
What is body language?
Body Language is a form of non-verbal communication.
It uses movements or positions of our body to show other people what we are thinking or feeling.
It includes body movements, facial expressions, gestures, posture , speaking distance and other non-verbal signals.
Discussion
1. What’s the purpose of language?
To communicate with others
To tell and express our thoughts, feelings, reactions etc.
2. How can you communicate with someone if you cannot speak?
Give an example.
There are many different ways to greet someone using words. How many ways can you think of to greet someone if you CANNOT speak? Share your ideas with your partner.
Ways to greet someone without words: smile, wave, shake hands, hug, kiss, etc.
Step 3 Pre-reading
Look at the title and picture of the passage. Predict what you think the topic will be. Then skim the passage and check to see if your prediction was right.
Scanning
Find the characters and where they are from?
Character
Country
Mr. Garcia
Britain
Mr. Cook
A Japanese
Japan
Jordan
Madame Coulon
You
Step 4. Fast-reading
Does body language stay the same in different countries /cultures ? Why?
No. Body language varies from culture to culture. (conclusion)
Because cultures have developed in different ways.
Skimming
Main idea
Para 1-2
You are going to meet business people from several countries.
Para 3 /Para 4 / Para 5
Not all cultures greet each other the same way.
Step 5 Careful- reading
( Read para1-2 Find out the answers to the questions)
Para.1-2
(example)
1. Who will be present at the meeting?
2 Why are people visiting China?
3 what does the word mistake mean?
People from different countries misunderstand each other.
Read Para 3-6 again and decide whether the statement is true or false
Para. 3-6 (variety)
Only Australia and central America are not represented by the visitors. ( )
Not all cultures greet each other the same way, so people everywhere act the same. ( )
Julia Smith is surprised because Mr. Garcia touches her shoulder and kisses her. ( )
French people will often bow and kiss people they know on both cheeks. ( )
The main character is female. ( )
Detailed - Reading
Country/Area
Ways to greet each
Britain
Canada
Japan
Spain, Italy, South
Americans
France
Middle East, some Muslim countries
Find out the two mistakes the writer found in the airport:
1. The first mistake
2. The second mistake
Discussion
Read the last paragraph and have a discussion :
What does the following sentence mean? what can we learn from the whole passage?
None of these actions is either good or bad.
Body language varies from culture to culture. Not all members of all cultures behave the same way. We should try to master and respect each other’s culture in order to make good communication.
Comprehending
How do different international students behave when they greet people? Complete the chart with information from the passage.
Check your answers
name
description
Body language
To whom
Tony Garcia
Man from Colombia
Kiss on the cheek
Everyone
Julia Smith
Woman from Britain
No touching
Everyone
Akira Nagata
Man from Japan
bowing
Everyone
Check your answers
name
description
Body language
To whom
George Cook
Man from Canada
Shaking hands
everyone
Ahmed Aziz
Man from Jordan
Shaking hands
Nodding
To men
To women
Darlene Coulon
Woman from France
Shake hands and kiss twice on each cheek
People she knows
Use the passage to help you answer the following questions.
1. Is the author of this passage male or female? How do you know?
The author is male. Ahmed Aziz will not shake hands with women, but he shakes hands with the author.
The author is male. Ahmed Aziz will not shake hands with women, but he shakes hands with the author.
2. What were the two mistakes that the author noticed?
He noticed that the Colombian man kissed the British woman, but in her culture, a kiss from a stranger is not acceptable. He also noticed that the Japanese man bowed just as the Canadian man started to shake hands, so one man’s nose touched the other man’s hand.
3. Who seemed to prefer to keep more physical distance from others? Who seemed to prefer closer physical distance?
The British woman, Julia, and probably the Canadian man, George, seemed to prefer to keep more physical distance from others. The Colombian man, Tony, and the Jordanian man, Ahmed, seemed to prefer closer physical distance.
4. Did any students have similar greeting customs? If so, which ones?
Yes. Tony from Colombia and Darlene from France bad a similar greeting custom – a kiss. George from Canada and Ahmed from Jordan also had a similar greeting custom – a handshake, but Ahmed shakes hands only with men.
5. “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.” What do you think this famous saying means?
This saying means that when we are in a certain place, we should follow the customs of the people who live in that place, not our own customs.
6. Do you agree with the author’s statement that body language is not good or bad? Why or why not?
Give your own opinions.
Step 6 Post- reading
1. Discussion
Work in groups of four. Read the following questions and then choose one to discuss together.
If you meet a foreigner who comes up close to you to talk, what countries might he be from?
How can you show him that you are uncomfortable with that?
If a girl in shorts goes into a Muslim house and a man takes her outside pointing at her shoes and shorts, what should she do? Guess why he is so particular.
What are some situations where body language is the only form of communication? Why?
2. Conclusion
Different countries have different cultures, so when people greet each other, they will have different ways. If people don’t know the cultural differences well, people may have difficulties in communicating with others throughout the world.
Person
Suitable greeting
A man from Columbia
To a man:
To a woman:
A woman from Britain
To a man:
To a woman:
A man from Japan
To a man:
To a woman:
Suitable greeting
A man from Canada
To a man:
To a woman:
A woman from France
To a man:
To a woman:
A man from the Middle East or some Muslim countries
To a man:
To a woman:
Text retelling:
My boss has sent me to Pudong Airport to meet some ________people from many parts of the world, who are interested in the __________ of the economy in China.
The first one to arrive is Mr. Garcia from Columbia with Julia Smith, a British lady, __________ behind closely. I ___________them to each other and I’m ___________to see Mr. Garcia come up to Ms Smith. Just then, in comes a visitor from Japan, smiling at the time when the Canadian, Gorge Cook __________out his hand to him.
It happens that Mr. Cook’s hand __________ the Japanese’s nose as he bows and they both____________ So you see, people from _________ cultures may not _______others in the same way. English people usually do not _______very close to others or touch the ___________as people from Spain, Italy and South American countries do. Most People around the world _________hands when they meet while ____________people will bow.
People from Jordan stand quite ______to other men and shake hands and kiss others on the________.
In a word, body language differs in different cultures and is widely used in________________.
Activities
Role Play
Situation1: Mr. Garcia (Columbia, South America) meet Julia Smith (Britain, Europe)
Situation2: George Cook (Canada, North America) meet Japanese (East Asia)
Situation3: Chinese (East Asia) meet Ahmed Aziz (Jordan, West Asia)
Situation4: Madame Coulon (France, West Europe) meet Mr. Garcia (Columbia, South America )
Step 7 Language points
[热身词汇]
Ⅰ.单词情景默写
1．At the meeting they discussed three different approaches (方法) to the study of mathematics.
2．We often make false (虚假的) impression that we understand something when we do not.
3．They hugged (拥抱) each other when they met at the station.
4．Hardly had we left the dormitory (宿舍) the next morning when we realized we had left our map in the room.
5．Linda and I, representing (代表) our class, will take part in the contest to be held this weekend.
6．Surely it doesn’t matter where the student associations (协会) get their money from; what counts is what they do with it.
7．All the flights (航班) were delayed due to bad weather yesterday.
8．Mr. Green greeted (迎接) me warmly as I arrived.
Ⅱ.词形变化填空
1．My brother’s facial (face) expression suggested that he was very happy.
2．A government spokesperson made a statement (state) to the press.
3．The teacher often asks us to make use of every chance we get to improve our spoken (speak) English.
4．It is my dearest hope that one day she will find the happiness she truly (true) deserves.
5．There must be some misunderstanding (misunderstand). I never asked for these chairs to be delivered.
6．The curious boy looked at the box curiously and then he opened it out of curiosity.(curious)
7．I wouldn’t want to be associated with the illegal association.(associate)
8．In time of war, lots of money will be spent on defence and many measures will be taken to defend a country from being attacked.(defend)
[重难词汇突破]
1. represent vt.代表；象征；表现；描写；描绘；声称
[教材原句]　Yesterday, another student and I, representing our university’s student association, went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year’s international students.
昨天，我和另一个同学代表我们大学的学生会，到首都国际机场迎接今年的国际学生。
(1)represent ...as/to be ...　　　 把……描绘成……
represent sth.to sb. 向某人说明某事
represent oneself as/to be ... 自称是……
(2)representative n. 代表
　　　 adj. 典型的；有代表性的
a representative of ……的典型代表
①Last but not the least, I feel it an honour to_represent (represent) my class to take part in the group dancing competition.
最后一点，也是同样重要的一点，我觉得代表我班参加小组跳舞比赛非常荣幸。
②She represents her mother as/to be the kindest mother in the world.
她把她的妈妈描绘成世界上最好的母亲。
③In the afternoon, you together with some of our student representatives (represent) are going to visit the Haihe River and enjoy the beautiful scenery there.
下午，您将和我们的一些学生代表去参观海河，欣赏那里美丽的风景。
2. curious adj.好奇的
[高考佳句]　The life of American high school students is a good choice because Chinese students are curious about the school life of American students.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)
美国的高中生生活是一个不错的选择，因为中国的学生对美国学生的学校生活非常好奇。
(1)be curious about　　 对……感到好奇
be curious to do sth. 渴望做某事
(2)curiosity n. 好奇；好奇心
with curiosity 好奇地
from/out of curiosity 出于好奇
(3) curiously adv. 好奇地
①People gathered round, curious to know (know) what was happening.
人们聚拢过来，很想知道发生了什么事情。
②The little boy, out of curiosity (curious), took the radio set apart.
出于好奇，这个小男孩把收音机拆零散了。
③Suddenly the girl calmed down and curiously (curious) began looking all around.
小女孩突然静了下来，用好奇的眼光开始观察四周。
3. approach vt.& vi.接近；靠近；走近；找……商量n.接近；方法；途径；步骤；通道
[教材原句]　Tony approached Julia, touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek!
托尼走近朱莉娅，摸了摸她的肩，并亲了她的脸！
(1)approach sb./sth.　　　　 靠近/接近某人/某物
approach sb. on/about sth.　　　就某事与某人洽谈(商量、交涉)
(2)(an) approach to　 接近；近似；(做某事)的方法/途径
with sth. approaching　　　 在……快到的时候
at the approach of 在快到……的时候
①With the Qixi festival approaching (approach), many shops in Beijing are selling Valentine’s Day items to satisfy the needs of young lovers.
随着七夕节的临近，北京许多商店出售情人节物品以满足年轻情侣的需求。
②At the approach of the rain and the wind, the swallows are busy.
在风雨来临之际，燕子们很是繁忙。
③The job market has changed and our approaches to finding (find) work must change as well.
就业市场变了，我们找工作的途径也要改变。
[名师指津]　approach表示“……的方法/途径”时，后常接介词to；当表示某人或某物来临时，其后常接介词of。
[联想发散]approach, way, means, method等在表达“做……的方法时”各自的搭配分别是：
①the approach to (doing) sth.
②the way to do/of (doing) sth.
③the means of (doing) sth.
④the method of (doing) sth.
【重难点多练】
approach多棱镜(单句语法填空/一句多译)
①I appreciate the professor’s new approach to teaching (teach) languages.
②Approaching (approach) the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.
③All the approaches (approach) to the airport were blocked by the police yesterday.
④随着教师节的临近，今年我们班决定举行一场晚会来以另一种方式庆祝这个重要的节日。
→As Teachers’ Day was approaching, our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year.
→With Teachers’ Day approaching, our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year.
4. defend vt. 保护；保卫；辩护
[经典例句]　All our officers are trained to defend themselves against knife attacks.
我们所有的警察都受过自卫训练，能够对付持刀袭击。
(1)defend ...from/against　 保护……以免受
defend oneself 为自己辩护；自卫
(2)defence n. 防御；保卫
in defence of 为了保卫……
①Some people think that students should be trained to defend_themselves_against some attacks.
有些人认为应该训练学生保护自己免遭某些攻击。
②All the people, men and women, young and old, were fighting against the flood in defence (defend) of their own homes.
所有的人，无论男女老少，都在与洪水做斗争，保卫自己的家园。
【 重难点多练】
defend面面观(单句语法填空/补全句子)
①These green barriers not only change the look of Beijing but also defend it against/from the desert.
②The monument is in memory of the soldiers who died in defense (defend) of their country.
③The traveler may fire at a wild beast to defend himself in case he is attacked(保护自己以防受到攻击)．
5. major adj.主要的；重要的n.专业vi.主修
[教材原句]　I guessed that there was probably a major misunderstanding.
我觉得很可能有大误会。
(1)major in　　 主修
(2)in the/a majority 占大多数
a/the majority of 大多数……
①He had a bitter quarrel with his parents about what he would major in at Stanford.
他与他的父母就在斯坦福大学主修什么专业发生激烈的争吵。
②Generally speaking, if you look at the audience at a classical concert, the majority of them are over the age of fifty.
通常，如果你看一看古典音乐会上的观众，大多数是五十岁以上的。
[立竿见影]
基础点全练
1．单句语法填空
①Soon afterwards he made his first public statement (state) about the affair.
②She is not an outgoing person and she doesn’t let anyone know what she truly (true) felt.
③It is good to be curious about the world around you because I think curiosity is the best teacher.(curious)
④Much to his delight, the top student will represent his school to make (make) a speech at the meeting.
⑤Shandong Province produced 50 million pounds of apples this year, ranking (rank) second in China.
⑥Being misunderstood (misunderstand) by others when you do nothing wrong at all is quite a bad experience.
2．单句改错
①Curious enough, a year later the same thing happened again. Curious→Curiously
②She is in Beijing University, majors in English Literature. majors→majoring
③Speak clearly, or you’ll make yourself misunderstand. misunderstand→misunderstood
④The iPhone functions good. I’ll buy it, no matter how much it costs. good→well
⑤The students are looking forward to represent the school to take part in the sports meet. represent→representing
[重难短语突破]
1. in general 总的来说；通常
[教材原句]　In general, though, studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today’s world of cultural crossroads!
但总的来说，在当今文化交融的世界，学习不同国家的习俗肯定能够帮助我们避免交往中的困难！
(1)as a general rule　　 一般而言；通常
generally speaking 总体而言；一般而言
(2)on the whole＝to sum up 总的来说
as a whole 就整体来看；一般地说
in a word 总之
in short/brief 简而言之；总之
①Peter can be really difficult to deal with at times even though he’s a nice person in general.
彼得有时可能确实难以相处，尽管总体来讲他是一个很好的人。
②Generally (general) speaking, the number of the people who drive after drinking is smaller and smaller.
总体来说，酒后开车的人的数量越来越少。
③As a general rule, the more expensive the computer is, the better it is.
一般来说，电脑越贵越好。
2. at ease 舒适；快活；自由自在
[教材原句]　The most universal facial expression is, of course, the smile — its fun_ction is to show happiness and put people at ease.
最普遍使用的面部表情当然是微笑——其作用是表示快乐和安人心境。
(1)with ease 轻易地；毫不费力地
feel/look at ease 感到/看上去心情放松
put sb. at ease 使某人放松
take one’s ease 休息；轻松一下
(2)ease one’s mind 使某人安心
ease sb. of sth. 减轻某人的(痛苦、负担等)
①He didn’t feel completely at ease in the strange surroundings.
他在陌生的环境中感到不那么自在。
②We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
我们生活在这样一个时代，更多的信息比以往更容易获取。
③I eased him of his difficulty by telling him what to do.
我通过告诉他做什么使他摆脱了困难。
【重点短语练习】
Ⅰ.选词填空
on the contrary, at ease, as if, put up, as well as, be likely to, in general, turn one’s back to
1．I didn’t see his face clearly because he turned his back to me.
2．In general, the northerners are keen on dumplings while the southerners are fond of rice.
3．Look, dark clouds are gathering in the sky; it is likely to rain later on.
4．The pencil case on the desk as well as the bookmarks belongs to my little sister.
5．When the door was opened suddenly, the boy covered his head with his hands, as if in defense.
6．After the doctor’s visit, the patient felt more at ease.
7．Their criticism did not discourage me. On the contrary, I worked even harder.
8．We can put up ten people for the night at a pinch (必要时)．
【重点句型突破】
1．The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.(the first/last 〈one/person〉 to do sth.意为“第一个/最后一个做某事的人”)
第一个到达的人是从哥伦比亚来的托尼·加西亚，随后紧跟着的是来自英国的朱莉娅·史密斯。
2．Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.(not all ...表示部分否定)
各种文化背景下的人互致问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触和相互间距的程度也并不一样。
3．However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them.(be likely to do sth.“有可能做某事”)
不过，来自像西班牙、意大利和南美等国的人会站在离别人很近的地方，而且可能会(用身体)接触对方。
【重点句型讲解】
1. The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.
第一个到达的人是从哥伦比亚来的托尼·加西亚，随后紧跟着的是来自英国的朱莉娅·史密斯。
to arrive是动词不定式作后置定语。
(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前有the next，the only，the last等时，常用不定式作后置定语。
(2)动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词是抽象名词，常见的有：ability, chance, ambition, offer, anxiety, answer, reply, attempt, belief等。
①She was the first athlete to win (win) the gold medal in the Rio Olympic Games.
她是在里约奥运会上第一位获得金牌的运动员。
②Amy was the only person to witness (witness) the car accident.
艾米是唯一一位目睹那场车祸的人。
③The ability to express (express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.
表达思想的能力和思想本身一样重要。
2. However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them.
不过，来自像西班牙、意大利和南美等国的人会站在离别人很近的地方，而且可能会(用身体)接触对方。
Sb./Sth.be likely to do sth.＝ It’s likely that ...意为“……做某事是可能的”。
①You are likely to suffer (suffer) from bad health if you keep smoking.
→It is likely that you will suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.
如果继续吸烟，你的身体健康可能会受到损害。
[辨析比较]　likely, possible, probable
likely
likely是常用词，指从表面上看很有可能。主语既可以是人也可以是物。可以说sb./sth. be likely to do或It’s likely that ...
possible
强调客观上有可能，但含有实际上可能性很小的意思。主语不可以是人，只能用it作形式主语。构成It is possible for sb. to do sth.或It is possible that ...
probable
probable在三者中可能性最强，主要强调有根有据、合情合理的推测，含有“很有可能，十有八九”的意思。构成It is probable that ...结构。作表语时，主语不能是人
选用上述单词填空
②Would it be possible for me to leave a message for her?
我可以给她留个口信吗？
③It’s probable/likely/possible that they will come back next week.
他们(很)可能下周回来。
【重点句型专练】
补全句子
1．Lang Ping, head coach of the Chinese women’s volleyball team, has become the first to win gold medals at the Olympics both as a coach and player.
中国女排主教练郎平成为第一位既以运动员的身份又作为教练获得女排奥运会冠军的人。
2．Not all are willing to do such work, for it is quite hard for some of them.
并不是所有人都愿意做这样的工作，因为它对于有些人来说太难了。
3．(2014·四川高考书面表达)If you study hard, you are likely to be admitted to your dreaming university.
如果你努力学习，你很有可能考入你理想的大学。
【单元知识点巩固练习】
短语句型对点练
1．单句语法填空
①If you grow up in a large family, you are more likely to develop (develop) the ability to get on well with others.
②In general, traffic accidents may happen at a crossroads.
③It was quite wrong of him to turn his back to his friends when they were in trouble.
④It’s too late. Can I put up at your home for a night?
⑤His mind was at ease and he felt confident in the future.
⑥If I have any further news, you will be the first person to_know (know)．
2．根据提示补全句子
①有些人认为健康最重要，没有了健康就有可能丢掉一切。(be likely to do)
Some think that health is the most important. If health is gone, they are likely to lose everything.
②他今天迟到了，然而老师还是原谅了他，因为他通常都是最早到校的。(the first to do)
He was late today. However, his teacher forgave him as he was the first to arrive at school in general.
③母亲忙到深夜，为我准备上大学的东西。(动词ing形式作状语)
Mother worked late into the night, preparing things for my college.
④并非所有的广告都可以用来促销产品。(部分否定)
Not all the advertisements can be used to promote the sale of the products.
⑤即使下雨，他还是会准时来的。(even if/though)
He will come on time even if/though it rains.
单元考点综合练
运用本单元所学知识完成下面语段
One day, I 1.was walking in the street when (正在街上走着这时) I came across Li Ping, who is my close friend. 2.In general (一般情况下), we would greet each other when meeting, so I 3.approached (走近) her and patted her on the shoulder, but she 4.turned her back to me (背对着我), making me feel not 5.at ease (舒适). It seemed that she was angry with me, and therefore I 6.was curious to know (想知道) what had happened. 7.It was likely that (很可能) there was some misunderstanding between us. No matter what happened, I 8.would defend her from being hurt (保护她免受伤害)．
Step 7 Grammar
The-ing form as the Adverbial
动词-ing形式作状语
【要点精析】
动词的-ing形式作状语时，通常都表示主语正在进行的另一动作，用来对谓语动词表示的动作加以修饰或作为陪衬。它可表示时间、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随动作，相当于相应的状语从句。
-ing形式作状语 可以表示时间, 原因, 结果,条件, 行为方式或伴随动作等。如：
1) Using your head, you’ll find a good way.条件
2) Four people entered the room looking around in a curious way.
= Four people enter the room and looked around in a curious way. ( 伴随动作)
3) Being poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set. (原因)
4) Working hard, you’ll surely succeed. 条件
5) The boy sat in front of the farm-house, cutting the branch.
伴随
6) He came running back to tell me the news. 方式
7) (When) Hearing the news, he got frightened.
= When he heard the news, he got frightened. (时间, 可以在分词前保留when )
8) The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door. 结果
分类解析：
一、表示时间（置于句首或句末）
-ing形式作状语，其动作可能发生在谓语动作之前或之后，也可能和谓语动词的动作同时发生。例如：
1. Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.
=When they heard the news, they all jumped with joy.
二、表示原因（多置于句首）
1.Being ill (=As he was ill ), he went home.
2. Not having received any news from home for a long time, she is becoming more and more homesick.
(= As she hasn’t received any news from home for a long time, she is…)
3. Hoping to get our support(=As they hoped to get our support), they sent us their statement.
三、表示条件（多置于句首）
1. Working hard(=If you work hard), you will succeed.
四、表示结果（多置于句末）1. The snow lasted a week, leading to a serious traffic jam in the whole area.
=The snow lasted a week, so it led to a serious traffic jam in the whole area.
2. His parents died, leaving him a lot of money.
五、表示方式和伴随（多置于句末）
-ing形式作方式状语或伴随状语，用来对谓语动词表示的动作或状态加以说明。一般来说，-ing形式表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。它没有相应的状语从句可以代替。例如：
1. She sat at the desk reading a newspaper.
= She was sitting at the desk and read a newspaper.
2. Many people come to the parks, looking for relaxations and entertainment.
3. A second Disneyland was opened on the east coast, costing between $500 and $600 million.
4. They walked on the way home, singing and laughing.
注意：
(一） -ing形式作状语时, 它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的。
Time permitting, I will pay a visit to the whole city.
(分词的逻辑主语是time , 而句子的主语是I , 两者不构成主谓关系, 所以只能用独立主格结构, 也就是给现在分词补充一个主语。)
You see her step back appearing surprised.
= You see her step back and she appears surprised.
They also express their feelings using unspoken language.
=They also express their feelings by the way of using unspoken language.
They are visitors coming from several countries.
= They are visitors who come from several countries.
This is an exciting experience.
= This is an experience which is exciting.
Seeing its mother, the baby smiled.
=When the baby saw its mother, it smiled.
注：为强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生，在 -ing形式之前可用连词when或while.
如：Be careful when crossing the street.
另外：-ing形式的完成式having done 表示其动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前，一般作时间或原因状语。例如：
Having finished the homework, she went shopping
[典型例题]
1. European football is played in 80 countries, ____ （make） it the most popular sport in the world.
析：分析语境逻辑可知该空应填making作状语，空档前面的逗号是个验证。
2. The secretary worked late into the night, ____ （ prepare）a long speech for the president.
析：语境逻辑表明为董事长准备一篇长篇讲稿是秘书工作到深夜的伴随性状况，所以应选preparing作伴随状语。
[方法揭秘]
分析语境逻辑，弄清空格是否作时间、原因或伴随状语，从而确定空格的非谓语性质；分析动作是主动还是被动，从而确定空格的-ing形式的语态；空格设置在句子后半部时逗号是一个重要的提示。
2. ___ (lost) his key, he couldn’t enter the room.
析：分析语境逻辑可知丢钥匙动作应发生在进房间的动作之前，所以该空应选A。本题说明-ing形式作状语时应注意时态的一致性。
（二）考查when/while+ -ing形式作时间状语
[考点说明] when/while+ -ing形式可作时间状语，谓语动词动作常发生在-ing形式所表示的动作的过程中。 例如：
___riding a bike he fell down to the ground.
A. As B. While C. As soon as D. Immediately
析：B。分析语境逻辑可知跌到在地的动作发生在骑自行车的过程中，因此应用While
（三）考查-ing形式作状语的创新形式
[考点说明]名词、代词+ -ing形式可构成独立主格结构作时间、条件、原因、或伴随状语，此时-ing形式的逻辑主语为前面的名词或代词。
1.-ing形式独立主格结构作状语
[典型例题]
The moon _______（appear）, we came to the foot of the mountain.
析： 该句意为：月亮出来时，我们在山脚下。appearing 和 the moon构成独立主格结构作时间状语。
Weather_____ （permit), we’ll go swimming this afternoon.
析：A。 该句意为：如果天气允许，我们今天下午去游泳。 permitting 与其逻辑主语weather构成独立主格结构作条件状语。
[方法揭秘]解题时应牢记-ing形式独立主格结构作状语与-ing形式作状语用法完全相同，只不过独立主格结构中-ing形式逻辑主语为前面的名词或代词。而-ing形式作状语时其逻辑主语是句子的主语。
2.考查on/upon+ -ing形式作时间状语
[考点说明] on/upon+ -ing形式作时间状语，-ing形式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生。
[典型例题] ___my arriving in Beijing, I’ll write to you.
A. In B. At C. On D. With
析:C.语境逻辑制约该空表“一… 就…”应填On
[方法揭秘]分析ing形式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作是否同时发生从而确定前面是否加on.
实战演练
Rewrite the following sentences.
1. When he approached Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her.
______ ___________ Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her.
2. The person who is translating the songs can speak seven languages.
The person _________ ___ ______can speak seven languages.
3. The boy standing there is reading a book about body language.
The boy ____ _ ________ there is reading a book about body language.
4. Because he comes from Jordan, he moves close to ask you a question.
_______ _____ Jordan, he moves close to ask you a question.
5. She sat at the desk and did her homework.
She sat at the desk ______ ____ __________.
单句改错
1. Having not seen the film, I can’t tell you what I think of it.
2. The men worked for extra hours got an extra pay.
3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find the city more beautiful.
4. Generally speak, facial expressions are helpful communications, too.
5. “Can’t you read?” the man said, angrily pointed to the notice on the wall.
6. Knocking at the door before entering, please.
7. European football is played in 80 countries, made it the most popular sport in the world.
Step 8 Writing
如何写漫画评论类作文
【写作指导】
命题特点：
漫画评论类作文要求就图画反映的某种社会现象谈个人感想和发表评论。英语漫画类书面表达常以讽刺画和幽默画为主，要求考生根据自己的认识水平，解读画面，展开想象，议论，揭示自己对生活的理解，使人从中受到教育。漫画作文多以叙述图画并结合议论为主。此类书面表达不仅要求考生能够表达所给内容要点，突出对语言知识的实际应用能力，而且在某种程度上为考生提供自由发挥和自由表达的空间，这充分体现了以人为本的理念，突出了创新意识和发散思维能力的考查。
此类作文的结构一般分三部分：要求考生根据一幅图画（一般是一个或是两个，很少出现三副图的时候），首先描述图画的大致情况，然后要求考生对图画进行适当的阐释（解释、说明和分析），最后要求考生给出自己的观点、原因、建议等等。
【经典考题】（福建卷）假定你是某中学生英语报的小记者；以下漫画内容是你的所见所闻,谙根据要求写一篇英语短文投稿。
内容要求：
1.描述漫画内容； 2.发表个人感想。
注意：
1. 短文标题与开头已给出,不计入总词数；
2. 考生可适当发挥，使文章内容充实、连贯
3. 词数120左右;
4. 文中不能出现考生的具体信息。
参考词汇:告示牌sign
Mind Your Behavior in Public Places
Last Sunday, I went sightseeing with my friends in the Fairy Lake Park. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
【命题分析】
命题要求学生根据漫画用英语描述，并发表个人感想，漫画的主题凸显提高个人素养、增强环保及社会公德意识的教育意义。不仅考查学生的英语表达能力，也考查学生对社会现象的独立观点。试卷具有较强的思想性、教育性和时代性，体现了新课程“情感、态度、价值观”的目标。书面表达漫画内容较为简约，半开放式情景作文为考生提供更多的想象空间。话题内容贴近现实，学生有话可说，有情可表。
【写作指导】
(1)写作时注意直截了当、尽快入题，适当加入自己的议论，力争做到观点明确，看法要紧紧围绕主题，适当运用各种高级词汇和连接词，恰当运用多种句型。
(2) 文章的时态要根据图画反映的内容而定：叙述某件事情的发展过程，通常用一般过去时；揭示或反映某种社会现象则用一般现在时。写作时要注意画面体现的主题及各画面之间的联系。
（3）对漫画内容要适当增加合理想象，如，从“乱扔垃圾”扩展到一些人在公开场合的不良行为等。
（4）认真看图，确立主题；围绕主题，提炼要点；合理想象，补出要点；确定时态，译出要点；连句成篇，过渡自然
写作要点： ①描述漫画内容： 湖中的小船上，大声喧哗，往湖中扔垃圾，吐痰，公园指示牌等。②发表个人感想。
【可用素材】
此类话题可能用到的词汇与句子：
常用词汇：
spit, litter, fantastic scenery, beauty, environment, behavior, come into sight, throw rubbish, pollute the environment, bad manners, promote the public’s awareness, in the public places, improve their behaviors, tourist attractions，personally.
常用句型：
◆As is described in the picture...◆The purpose of the picture is to show us that...◆We can see from this picture that...◆More and more people have come to realize...
◆As is shown in the picture, we can see clearly the relationship between... and ...
◆There is much discussion today about...
◆As more and more people..., much attention should be placed on...
◆However，many young people do not seem to realize the importance of ....
◆Upon entering the park, we ...
◆... I noticed ... doing ....
◆What made me unpleasant is that..., ignoring the sign "Don’t Litter!" ...
◆No matter where we go, no matter what we do ,...
◆Only in this way can we...
◆What is more important is that …
【佳作赏析】
Mind Your Behavior in Public Places
Last Sunday, I went sightseeing with my friends in the Fair Lake Park. Upon entering the park, ① the beautiful flowers and green trees came into sight. The visitors enjoyed themselves so much that they all took pictures standing under the trees. ② I was enjoying the flowers in blossom, But a displeasing picture entered my eyes. I noticed a young couple in a boat eating, talking and laughing loudly. ③They were spitting and throwing rubbish such as banana skins into the lake, ignoring the sign “Don’t Litter!” near the bank. ④
Dear friends, mind your behavior in public places. Be kind to the environment. How to improve their behaviors in the public places, I think, is that we must promote the public’s awareness through various activities concerning morality. ⑤Everyone must remember : No matter where we go, no matter what we do, we should mind our behaviors in public places. ⑥
【教师点评】
全文语言流利，结构清晰，层次分明，叙述有条理，生活气息浓郁。作者对图片的理解准确到位（大声喧哗，往湖中扔垃圾，吐痰等），内容翔实。作者提出：公共场所的文明秩序要靠每一个人从自身的行为举止做起，富有教育意义。文中简单句和复合句的交替使用，使得对画面的描写很生动，尤其是结束段中 How to improve their behaviors in the public places, I think, is that …和No matter where we go, no matter what we do, we should …的使用使得语气铿锵有力，具有感召力，文中过渡语的使用为文章增色不少，彰显了作者较强的语言驾驭能力。
① upon entering the park准确地表达了“一到那儿”这一事实，表现了作者陶醉于自然的愉悦心情，虽和as soon as we got to the park有异曲同工之效，但前者更为简洁．更富于文采②这是一个so…that…引导的状语从句，不仅使语言简洁，也提升了文章的语言档次。
③此句它思是“看到某人在做……”，其中doing为宾语补足语，使用此结构比用一个宾语从句更加简洁明了。
④ 分词短语ignoring the sign…的使用，比without noticing显得画面意思的表达更加生动形象。
⑤作者使用“how to do”结构和个that引导的表语从句，句子结构虽然复杂，但准确无误，展示了作者高超的英语语言运用技巧。
⑥文章以两个no matter引导的状语从句收笔，作者号召大家在公共场所应注意自身行为。增强了整篇文章的感染力。
【高考范文】
Mind Your Behavior in Public Places
Last Sunday, I went sightseeing with my friends in the Fairy Lake Park. The park was full of freshness and beauty of spring, with the sun shining and birds singing. When I was enjoying the fantastic scenery around, something unpleasant caught my eye. A young couple in a boat were eating, talking and laughing loudly as if they were the only people in the world. What’s worse, they spat and even threw rubbish into the lake, totally ignoring the noticeable sign "No Littering" nearby. What a shame!
Such behavior left me deep in thought. If all visitors to the Fairy Lake Park do as the couple did, the lake will be severely polluted and soon turned into a huge dustbin. I think all of us should mind our behavior in public places. Only in this way can we live in more comfortable and beautiful surroundings.
巩固练习
请用英语写一篇100词左右的短文，简要描述漫画内容，并结合生活实际， 就漫画主题发表感想，题目自拟。参考词汇：公民道德—civic virtue
参考范文：
Who lost civic Virtue?
One day, a child what home after class. On his way home, he saw some adults spit on the ground. On the other side of the road, a man threw the garbage on the ground after eating a banana. The child found a book Civic Virtue, lying on the ground. So he picked up the book and shouted, “Who last civic Virtue?”
The child’s words should make people think more. Now, many people are scared of civic virtue, and don’t protect public environment at all, I wish this cartoon can make their virtue and make our life better.
Step 9 Homework
1. Surf the internet or go to the library to search for more information about body language and present it to the class.
2. Finish reading task in workbook, Page 66.